Children, adolescents, and media violence: a critical look at the research
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.]
Sage
2006
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XIX, 409 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0761929754 0761929762 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Kirsh, Steven J. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Children, adolescents, and media violence |b a critical look at the research |c Steven J. Kirsh |
| 264 | 1 | |a Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] |b Sage |c 2006 | |
| 300 | |a XIX, 409 S. |b Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Adolescenten |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Agressie |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Agressivité chez l'adolescent | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Agressivité chez l'enfant | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Enfants et violence | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Geweld |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Kinderen |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Massamedia |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Médias et adolescents | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Médias et enfants | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Violence chez les jeunes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Violence dans les médias | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Gewalt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Kind | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Medien | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mass media and children | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mass media and teenagers | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Children and violence | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Youth and violence | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Violence in mass media | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Aggressiveness in children | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Aggressiveness in adolescence | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135255941054464 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
Part I: Understanding Aggression 1
1. There and Back Again: A Media Violence Tale 3
A Look Through the Violent Sands of Time 4
Evaluating the Evidence of Evil Influences 8
Aggressive Behavior and Aggression
Related Constructs 9
Types of Aggression 10
Aggression Related Constructs 11
Violent Entertainment and Aggression Related
Constructs 12
Answering Questions So New Questions Can Be Raised 13
On the Value of Research 17
Preview of Coming Attractions 18
Summary 20
2. Exposing the Beast Within: Aggressive
Behavior Across Development 21
Normative Development and Individual Variation 21
The Developmental Pathway From
Anger to Conflict to Aggression 23
Anger 23
Conflict 23
Normative Aggression in Preschool 24
Normative Aggression in Grade School 25
Normative Aggression in Adolescence 26
School Shooters 26
Assessing Threats Made by Youth 27
Evaluating Current Threat Assessment Procedures 31
Correlation 31
Correlation Is Not Causation 32
Individual Variation in Aggressive Behavior 33
Desisting 33
Stabilizing 34
Escalating 35
Onsetting 35
Individual Patterns of Aggression as a Function
of Violent Entertainment 36
Sex Differences in Aggressive Behavior Across Development 37
Sex Differences in Aggression and Violent Entertainment 37
Aggressive Behavior in the Context of Development 38
Developmental Tasks and Violent Entertainment 39
Excessive Aggression in Youth 40
Aggression and Developmental Psychopathology 41
Developmental Psychopathology
and Entertainment Violence 42
Summary 44
3. Understanding the Beast Within:
Theories of Aggressive Behavior 47
Understanding Theories 47
Valid Theories 48
Pseudoscientific Theory 48
Theories of Aggression 48
Psychoanalytic Theory of Aggression 48
Evaluation of the Psychoanalytic
Theory of Aggression 49
Application of Psychoanalytic
Theory to Media Violence 50
Frustration Theory 50
Evaluation of Frustration Theory 51
Application of Frustration Theory
to Media Violence 51
Social Learning Theory 52
Evaluation of Social Learning Theory 53
Application of Social Learning Theory to
Media Violence 54
Social Information Processing Theory of Aggression 54
Evaluation of Social Information
Processing Theory 56
Application of Social Information
Processing Theory to Media Violence 57
Script Theory 57
Evaluation of Script Theory 58
Application of Script Theory to Media Violence 59
Control Theories 59
Self Control Theory 59
Social Control Theory 60
Evaluation of Control Theory 61
Application of Control Theory to Media Violence 61
General Aggression Model 62
Evaluation of the General Aggression Model 64
Application of the GAM to Media Violence 65
Theories of Aggression and Developmental Considerations 65
Summary 67
4. Dining on Death and Destruction: The How
Much and Why of Violent Media Consumption 71
Media Violence Consumption Across Development 72
Survey Research 72
Varieties of Survey Methods and Problems 73
Social Desirability 74
Patterns of Media Consumption 75
Media Ownership 75
Media Consumption During Childhood 76
Media Consumption During Adolescence 77
Gender Differences in Media Consumption 78
Childhood 78
Adolescence 78
Reasons for Consuming Violent Entertainment 19
Uses and Gratification of Violent Media 80
Companionship 80
Escape 81
Habit 81
Learning 81
Passing Time 82
Relaxation 83
Sensation Seeking 83
Gratifications Specific to Violent Media 85
Vicarious Aggression 85
Identity Formation: Individual Identity 86
Identity Formation: Social Identity 86
Defiance of Restrictions 87
Empowerment and Social Status 88
Mood Management 89
The Importance of Understanding Why Youth
Consume Violent Media 89
Violent Media Consumption as a
Function of Development 90
Summary 91
Part II. Effects of Spedfic Fonns of Violent Media on Youth 93
5. Violent Media and the Need to Feel Strong and Powerful 95
Historical Proponents of Media Violence 96
The So Called Modern Day Benefits of Media Violence 97
Anecdotal Evidence: Is It Scientific? 98
The Use of Flawed Data ^
Evaluating the Empirical Evidence Presented by Jones 100
Does Media Violence Increase Feelings of
Strength, Power, and Competence? 100
Self Efficacy 100
Media Violence and Self Efficacy 101
Does Media Violence Increase Feelings of Control? 103
Locus of Control 103
Media Violence and Locus of Control 104
Does Media Violence Consumption Make
Youth Less Likely to Aggress? 106
Catharsis 106
Media Violence and Catharsis 107
Does Media Violence Consumption Help Youth
Deal With Anxiety and Fear? 108
Research on Media Violence Induced Fear 108
Virtual Reality and Phobias 110
A Final Dagger Into the Heart of Sexy
Vampire Slayers 111
Research on Media Violence and Body Image 112
Summary 113
6. Watching the Playful Beast: Sports Violence and Aggression 115
Aggression in Modern Sport 116
There was No Second Spitter Hidden on a
Grassy Knoll for Roberto Alomar 117
Modeling Aggression and Its Consequences 118
Laboratory Experiments 118
Laboratory Experiments and Observational Learning 119
Observational Learning and
the Roberto Alomar Incident 121
On the Importance of Rough and Tumble Play 121
Watching Aggression in Sport and Sports
Entertainment: Effects on Aggressive Behavior 124
Sports Violence and Hostility 124
Sports Violence and Gender 125
Longitudinal Research 126
Laying the Smack Down on Sports Entertainment 126
The Nature of Physical Activity in Sports Entertainment 127
Competitive Contests in Sports Entertainment 127
Rules That Govern Play in Sports Entertainment 128
Research on the Effects of Viewing
Professional Wrestling 128
Factors That Influence Imitative Behavior in Youth 130
Power, Similarities, and Consequences 131
Identification 131
Personal Fable 132
Effects of Watching Aggressive Behavior on
Youth Aggression During Sport 132
Generalizing From Observed Sport to a Different Sport 134
Priming 135
Aggressive Networks 136
Priming and the Josephson Study 136
Summary 137
7. Violence Laden Imagination: Comic Books, Fiction, and Toys 139
Comic Book Violence 140
Comic Book Sales 140
Comic Book Content 140
Slapstick Humor 141
Comic Book Violence Compared
to Other Types of Media Violence 141
Comic Book Violence and Aggressive Behavior in Youth 142
Early Research 142
Modern Research 144
Research on Late Adolescents and Young Adults 146
The Future of Media Violence Research
May Be Written in Comic Books 149
Violence in Literature and Youthful Fear and Aggression 150
Frightening Stories and Fear 151
Aggressive Stories and Aggressive Behavior 152
War Toys and Aggression 153
War Toy Research 153
A Closer look at Gender Differences in
War Toy Research 155
Critique of the War Toy Literature 156
Summary 1
8. Animating the Beast: Cartoon Violence 159
Cartoons: A Brief Historical Overview 160
Violence in Cartoons 160
The Effects of Comedy on the Perception
of Cartoon Violence 161
Cognitive Transformation 162
Schematic Processing 163
Priming 164
Contextual Factors 164
Non comedic Cartoons and Perceived Violence 164
Graphicness 165
Perceived Actuality 165
Perceived Similarity 166
Perceived Reality 166
Cartoons and Aggressive Behavior: The Evidence 168
Disinhibition 168
Laboratory Research in Early Childhood 169
Comedic and Non comedic Violence 170
Object Oriented and Person Oriented Aggression 170
Field Experiments in Early Childhood 171
Ecological Validity 171
Demand Characteristics 171
Face Validity 172
The Research 172
Research on Early Childhood 172
A Study That Combines Object and
Peer Oriented Aggression 173
Within and Between Subjects Designs
and Field Experiments 174
Research on Middle Childhood 176
Aggressive Behavior 176
Aggression Related Constructs 176
Research on Adolescence 177
Summary 178
9. Listening to the Beast: Violence in Music and Music Videos 179
Historical Overview 179
The Focus of Modern Day Research on Music Violence 180
Heavy Metal 180
Rap 181
The Popularity of Music 181
The Lyrical Content of Heavy Metal and Rap 183
Lyrics and Sexual Content 183
Lyrics and Violent Content 184
The Potential Effects of Lyrics 184
Lyrics: Are They Really That Important? 185
Lyrical Comprehension Across Development 185
Why Developmental Differences in Lyrical
Comprehension Occur 185
Lyrical Incomprehension: A Double Edged Sword 186
The Best Comprehension Is Related to
the Perceived Importance of the Music 187
On Hearing Things That Cannot Be Heard 187
Can Backwards Masked Messages Be Detected? 187
Can Backwards Masked Messages Be Heard
When a Song Is Played Forward? 188
Backwards Masked Messages, (
Suicide, and the Law 188 ^
Rockin and a Rollin and a Fightin 189
The Effects of Music Violence on Youth 189
Correlational Research 189
Experimental Research 191
Linking Suicidal Lyrics and Suicidal Behavior 191
Prevalence and Risk 191
Lyrics and Suicidal Ideation 192
Heavy Metal Music and Suicide 192
Amplification Effects and Suicide 193
Heavy Metal Music and Suicide: A Link
That Is Broken 193
Sex, Violence, and Video Tape 194
The Buggles Were Wrong 195
Why Music Videos May Still Be Important
in the Study of Media Violence 195
Yearly Consumption 195
Music Video Content 196
The Effects of Violent Music Videos on Adolescents 196
College Students Are Not Children 197
Comparing Music Videos to Music Alone 198
Summary 19°
10. Watching the Beast: Live Action Television
and Movie Violence 201
Violence on Television 201
Differences Between Movies and Television 202
The Context of Aggression and Television Violence 203
Glamorized Violence 203
Glamorized Violence and Learning 204
Research on the Effects of Glamorization
on Aggression in Youth 204
Justified Violence 205
Justified Violence in the Context of
Fantasy and Reality 205
Contrast Effects 206
The Effects of Television Violence on Aggressive Behavior 206
Correlational Studies in Childhood 207
Preschool 207
Middle Childhood 208
Summary of Correlational Research 209
Experimental Research in Childhood 210
Summary of Experimental Research 211
Research on Adolescents 211
Correlational Studies 211
Quasi Experiments 212
Experimental Research 213
Introduction of Television and Aggressive Behavior 213
Natural Experiments 214
Indirect Aggression 214
The Effect of Television Violence on Aggression Related
Constructs 215
Attitudes Towards the Use of Aggression 215
Emotional Expression 216
Fantasizing 217
Identification With the Aggressor 217
Memory 218
Interpretation of Ambiguous Stimuli 219
Desensifi7.fltmn
Part HI: Media Violence and the Concept of Risk 247
12. Aggressive Behavior: Risk and Protective Factors 249
Beans and Aggression 250
Defining Risk and Protection 250
Child Characteristics That Are Risk Factors for Aggression 251
Genetics 251
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis (HPA) 252
Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis (HPG) 253
Aggression and General Underarousal 254
Temperament 255
Attachment 256
Developmcntal Status 25/
Environmental Risk Factors 258
Parenting and the Parent Child Relationship 258
Parenting Styles 258
Punishment and Monitoring 260
Siblings 261
Methodological Issues in Sibling Research 261
Home Environment 262
Peers 262
Peer Acceptance 262
Peer Relationships 263
Neighborhood Violence 264
Summary of Risk Factors 265
Protective Factors From Aggression 265
Protective Characteristics of the Child 266
Protective Characteristics in the Environment 266
On the Importance of Risk and Protective
Factors in Media Violence Research 267
Summary 268
13. The Threat of Media Violence: Assessing
Its Magnitude and Reducing Its Effects 271
Sizing It All Up 272
Meta Analysis 272
Limitations of Meta Analysis 272
Strengths of Meta Analysis 273
Meta Analysis and the Magnitude of Effects 273
Variance 274
Accountable Variance in the Social Sciences 274
Meta Analysis and Research on Media Violence 274
Video Games: The Baddest of the Bad? 275
Identification With the Aggressor and the
Rewarding of Violent Behavior 276
Active Learning 276
Practice Effects and Murder 277
Continuous Exposure to Violence 277
Does Size Matter When It Comes to
Different Types of Violent Media? 278
Placing the Effect Sizes for Violent Media in the
Context of Other Risk Factors for Aggression 278
Media Violence Effect Sizes in Comparison
to Health Related Effect Sizes 278
Media Violence Effect Sizes in Comparison
to Other Risk Factors for Aggression 279
Critique of Effect Size Revelations 279
Media Violence Exposure and Moderators 281
Child and Adolescent Moderators 281
Age 281
Gender 285
Trait Aggression 286
Environmental Moderators 287
Socioeconomic Status (SES) 287
Parenting 288
Multiple Moderators and Future Research 289
Reducing the Effects of Media Violence
Consumption Through Mediation 289
Types of Mediation 289
Mediation Research 290
Research on Co viewing Mediation 290
Research on Restrictive Mediation 290
Research on Active Mediation 293
Mediation Questions in Need of Answers 294
Summary 295
14. Policy, Violent Entertainment, and Youth 297
Legislating Media Violence: Is There Really a Need? 298
A Brief Look at Policy Making 299
Violent Entertainment and Current Policy 300
Legislating Comic Books .. . Almost 301
Guidelines of the CCA 301
Evaluation of the Comic Book
Industry s Attempt at Self Regulation 303
Legislating Music 304
Evaluation of the Labeling System 305
Legislating Movies 306
MPAA Rating System 306
Evaluating the MPAA Rating System 309
Legislating Television 310
Television Rating Systems and the V Chip 311
Evaluating the Television Rating
System and the V Chip 312
Legislating Video Games 314
ESRB Rating System 315
Evaluating the ESRB Rating System 317
Media Violence Policy: A Look to the Future 318
Summary 320
Part IV: Nonviolent Media and Youth 323
15. The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Effects
of Nonviolent Media on Children and Adolescents 325
Defining the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly 326
The Good 326
Educational and Information Programs 326
Prosocial Media and Prosocial Actions 328 ,
Effect Sizes of Prosocial Media 330 ,
Media and Academic Learning 331 !
Prejudice and Stereotype Reduction 334 ,
The Bad 335 ,
Prejudice and Stereotype Formation 335 ,
Advertising and Youth 335
Drug Use and the Media 337 ]
Sexual Attitudes and Behavior 339 j
The Ugly 341 t
Summary 343 1
References 345 c
Author Index 381 £
Subject Index 393 c
About the Author 409
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
Part I: Understanding Aggression 1
1. There and Back Again: A Media Violence Tale 3
A Look Through the Violent Sands of Time 4
Evaluating the Evidence of Evil Influences 8
Aggressive Behavior and Aggression
Related Constructs 9
Types of Aggression 10
Aggression Related Constructs 11
Violent Entertainment and Aggression Related
Constructs 12
Answering Questions So New Questions Can Be Raised 13
On the Value of Research 17
Preview of Coming Attractions 18
Summary 20
2. Exposing the Beast Within: Aggressive
Behavior Across Development 21
Normative Development and Individual Variation 21
The Developmental Pathway From
Anger to Conflict to Aggression 23
Anger 23
Conflict 23
Normative Aggression in Preschool 24
Normative Aggression in Grade School 25
Normative Aggression in Adolescence 26
School Shooters 26
Assessing Threats Made by Youth 27
Evaluating Current Threat Assessment Procedures 31
Correlation 31
Correlation Is Not Causation 32
Individual Variation in Aggressive Behavior 33
Desisting 33
Stabilizing 34
Escalating 35
Onsetting 35
Individual Patterns of Aggression as a Function
of Violent Entertainment 36
Sex Differences in Aggressive Behavior Across Development 37
Sex Differences in Aggression and Violent Entertainment 37
Aggressive Behavior in the Context of Development 38
Developmental Tasks and Violent Entertainment 39
Excessive Aggression in Youth 40
Aggression and Developmental Psychopathology 41
Developmental Psychopathology
and Entertainment Violence 42
Summary 44
3. Understanding the Beast Within:
Theories of Aggressive Behavior 47
Understanding Theories 47
Valid Theories 48
Pseudoscientific Theory 48
Theories of Aggression 48
Psychoanalytic Theory of Aggression 48
Evaluation of the Psychoanalytic
Theory of Aggression 49
Application of Psychoanalytic
Theory to Media Violence 50
Frustration Theory 50
Evaluation of Frustration Theory 51
Application of Frustration Theory
to Media Violence 51
Social Learning Theory 52
Evaluation of Social Learning Theory 53
Application of Social Learning Theory to
Media Violence 54
Social Information Processing Theory of Aggression 54
Evaluation of Social Information
Processing Theory 56
Application of Social Information
Processing Theory to Media Violence 57
Script Theory 57
Evaluation of Script Theory 58
Application of Script Theory to Media Violence 59
Control Theories 59
Self Control Theory 59
Social Control Theory 60
Evaluation of Control Theory 61
Application of Control Theory to Media Violence 61
General Aggression Model 62
Evaluation of the General Aggression Model 64
Application of the GAM to Media Violence 65
Theories of Aggression and Developmental Considerations 65
Summary 67
4. Dining on Death and Destruction: The How
Much and Why of Violent Media Consumption 71
Media Violence Consumption Across Development 72
Survey Research 72
Varieties of Survey Methods and Problems 73
Social Desirability 74
Patterns of Media Consumption 75
Media Ownership 75
Media Consumption During Childhood 76
Media Consumption During Adolescence 77
Gender Differences in Media Consumption 78
Childhood 78
Adolescence 78
Reasons for Consuming Violent Entertainment 19
Uses and Gratification of Violent Media 80
Companionship 80
Escape 81
Habit 81
Learning 81
Passing Time 82
Relaxation 83
Sensation Seeking 83
Gratifications Specific to Violent Media 85
Vicarious Aggression 85
Identity Formation: Individual Identity 86
Identity Formation: Social Identity 86
Defiance of Restrictions 87
Empowerment and Social Status 88
Mood Management 89
The Importance of Understanding Why Youth
Consume Violent Media 89
Violent Media Consumption as a
Function of Development 90
Summary 91
Part II. Effects of Spedfic Fonns of Violent Media on Youth 93
5. Violent Media and the Need to Feel Strong and Powerful 95
Historical Proponents of Media Violence 96
The So Called Modern Day Benefits of Media Violence 97
Anecdotal Evidence: Is It Scientific? 98
The Use of Flawed Data ^
Evaluating the Empirical Evidence Presented by Jones 100
Does Media Violence Increase Feelings of
Strength, Power, and Competence? 100
Self Efficacy 100
Media Violence and Self Efficacy 101
Does Media Violence Increase Feelings of Control? 103
Locus of Control 103
Media Violence and Locus of Control 104
Does Media Violence Consumption Make
Youth Less Likely to Aggress? 106
Catharsis 106
Media Violence and Catharsis 107
Does Media Violence Consumption Help Youth
Deal With Anxiety and Fear? 108
Research on Media Violence Induced Fear 108
Virtual Reality and Phobias 110
A Final Dagger Into the Heart of Sexy
Vampire Slayers 111
Research on Media Violence and Body Image 112
Summary 113
6. Watching the Playful Beast: Sports Violence and Aggression 115
Aggression in Modern Sport 116
There was No "Second Spitter" Hidden on a
Grassy Knoll for Roberto Alomar 117
Modeling Aggression and Its Consequences 118
Laboratory Experiments 118
Laboratory Experiments and Observational Learning 119
Observational Learning and
the Roberto Alomar Incident 121
On the Importance of Rough and Tumble Play 121
Watching Aggression in Sport and Sports
Entertainment: Effects on Aggressive Behavior 124
Sports Violence and Hostility 124
Sports Violence and Gender 125
Longitudinal Research 126
Laying the Smack Down on Sports Entertainment 126
The Nature of Physical Activity in Sports Entertainment 127
Competitive Contests in Sports Entertainment 127
Rules That Govern Play in Sports Entertainment 128
Research on the Effects of Viewing
Professional Wrestling 128
Factors That Influence Imitative Behavior in Youth 130
Power, Similarities, and Consequences 131
Identification 131
Personal Fable 132
Effects of Watching Aggressive Behavior on
Youth Aggression During Sport 132
Generalizing From Observed Sport to a Different Sport 134
Priming 135
Aggressive Networks 136
Priming and the Josephson Study 136
Summary 137
7. Violence Laden Imagination: Comic Books, Fiction, and Toys 139
Comic Book Violence 140
Comic Book Sales 140
Comic Book Content 140
Slapstick Humor 141
Comic Book Violence Compared
to Other Types of Media Violence 141
Comic Book Violence and Aggressive Behavior in Youth 142
Early Research 142
Modern Research 144
Research on Late Adolescents and Young Adults 146
The Future of Media Violence Research
May Be Written in Comic Books 149
Violence in Literature and Youthful Fear and Aggression 150
Frightening Stories and Fear 151
Aggressive Stories and Aggressive Behavior 152
War Toys and Aggression 153
War Toy Research 153
A Closer look at Gender Differences in
War Toy Research 155
Critique of the War Toy Literature 156
Summary 1"
8. Animating the Beast: Cartoon Violence 159
Cartoons: A Brief Historical Overview 160
Violence in Cartoons 160
The Effects of Comedy on the Perception
of Cartoon Violence 161
Cognitive Transformation 162
Schematic Processing 163
Priming 164
Contextual Factors 164
Non comedic Cartoons and Perceived Violence 164
Graphicness 165
Perceived Actuality 165
Perceived Similarity 166
Perceived Reality 166
Cartoons and Aggressive Behavior: The Evidence 168
Disinhibition 168
Laboratory Research in Early Childhood 169
Comedic and Non comedic Violence 170
Object Oriented and Person Oriented Aggression 170
Field Experiments in Early Childhood 171
Ecological Validity 171
Demand Characteristics 171
Face Validity 172
The Research 172
Research on Early Childhood 172
A Study That Combines Object and
Peer Oriented Aggression 173
Within and Between Subjects Designs
and Field Experiments 174
Research on Middle Childhood 176
Aggressive Behavior 176
Aggression Related Constructs 176
Research on Adolescence 177
Summary 178
9. Listening to the Beast: Violence in Music and Music Videos 179
Historical Overview 179
The Focus of Modern Day Research on Music Violence 180
Heavy Metal 180
Rap 181
The Popularity of Music 181
The Lyrical Content of Heavy Metal and Rap 183
Lyrics and Sexual Content 183
Lyrics and Violent Content 184
The Potential Effects of Lyrics 184
Lyrics: Are They Really That Important? 185
Lyrical Comprehension Across Development 185
Why Developmental Differences in Lyrical
Comprehension Occur 185
Lyrical Incomprehension: A Double Edged Sword 186
The Best Comprehension Is Related to
the Perceived Importance of the Music 187
On Hearing Things That Cannot Be Heard 187
Can Backwards Masked Messages Be Detected? 187
Can Backwards Masked Messages Be Heard
When a Song Is Played Forward? 188
Backwards Masked Messages, (
Suicide, and the Law 188 ^
Rockin' and a Rollin' and a Fightin' 189
The Effects of Music Violence on Youth 189
Correlational Research 189
Experimental Research 191
Linking Suicidal Lyrics and Suicidal Behavior 191
Prevalence and Risk 191
Lyrics and Suicidal Ideation 192
Heavy Metal Music and Suicide 192
Amplification Effects and Suicide 193
Heavy Metal Music and Suicide: A Link
That Is Broken 193
Sex, Violence, and Video Tape 194
The Buggles Were Wrong 195
Why Music Videos May Still Be Important
in the Study of Media Violence 195
Yearly Consumption 195
Music Video Content 196
The Effects of Violent Music Videos on Adolescents 196
College Students Are Not Children 197
Comparing Music Videos to Music Alone 198
Summary 19°
10. Watching the Beast: Live Action Television
and Movie Violence 201
Violence on Television 201
Differences Between Movies and Television 202
The Context of Aggression and Television Violence 203
Glamorized Violence 203
Glamorized Violence and Learning 204
Research on the Effects of Glamorization
on Aggression in Youth 204
Justified Violence 205
Justified Violence in the Context of
Fantasy and Reality 205
Contrast Effects 206
The Effects of Television Violence on Aggressive Behavior 206
Correlational Studies in Childhood 207
Preschool 207
Middle Childhood 208
Summary of Correlational Research 209
Experimental Research in Childhood 210
Summary of Experimental Research 211
Research on Adolescents 211
Correlational Studies 211
Quasi Experiments 212
Experimental Research 213
Introduction of Television and Aggressive Behavior 213
Natural Experiments 214
Indirect Aggression 214
The Effect of Television Violence on Aggression Related
Constructs 215
Attitudes Towards the Use of Aggression 215
Emotional Expression 216
Fantasizing 217
Identification With the Aggressor 217
Memory 218
Interpretation of Ambiguous Stimuli 219
Desensifi7.fltmn
Part HI: Media Violence and the Concept of Risk 247
12. Aggressive Behavior: Risk and Protective Factors 249
Beans and Aggression 250
Defining Risk and Protection 250
Child Characteristics That Are Risk Factors for Aggression 251
Genetics 251
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis (HPA) 252
Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis (HPG) 253
Aggression and General Underarousal 254
Temperament 255
Attachment 256
Developmcntal Status 25/
Environmental Risk Factors 258
Parenting and the Parent Child Relationship 258
Parenting Styles 258
Punishment and Monitoring 260
Siblings 261
Methodological Issues in Sibling Research 261
Home Environment 262
Peers 262
Peer Acceptance 262
Peer Relationships 263
Neighborhood Violence 264
Summary of Risk Factors 265
Protective Factors From Aggression 265
Protective Characteristics of the Child 266
Protective Characteristics in the Environment 266
On the Importance of Risk and Protective
Factors in Media Violence Research 267
Summary 268
13. The Threat of Media Violence: Assessing
Its Magnitude and Reducing Its Effects 271
Sizing It All Up 272
Meta Analysis 272
Limitations of Meta Analysis 272
Strengths of Meta Analysis 273
Meta Analysis and the Magnitude of Effects 273
Variance 274
Accountable Variance in the Social Sciences 274
Meta Analysis and Research on Media Violence 274
Video Games: The Baddest of the Bad? 275
Identification With the Aggressor and the
Rewarding of Violent Behavior 276
Active Learning 276
Practice Effects and Murder 277
Continuous Exposure to Violence 277
Does Size Matter When It Comes to
Different Types of Violent Media? 278
Placing the Effect Sizes for Violent Media in the
Context of Other Risk Factors for Aggression 278
Media Violence Effect Sizes in Comparison
to Health Related Effect Sizes 278
Media Violence Effect Sizes in Comparison
to Other Risk Factors for Aggression 279
Critique of Effect Size Revelations 279
Media Violence Exposure and Moderators 281
Child and Adolescent Moderators 281
Age 281
Gender 285
Trait Aggression 286
Environmental Moderators 287
Socioeconomic Status (SES) 287
Parenting 288
Multiple Moderators and Future Research 289
Reducing the Effects of Media Violence
Consumption Through Mediation 289
Types of Mediation 289
Mediation Research 290
Research on Co viewing Mediation 290
Research on Restrictive Mediation 290
Research on Active Mediation 293
Mediation Questions in Need of Answers 294
Summary 295
14. Policy, Violent Entertainment, and Youth 297
Legislating Media Violence: Is There Really a Need? 298
A Brief Look at Policy Making 299
Violent Entertainment and Current Policy 300
Legislating Comic Books . . Almost 301
Guidelines of the CCA 301
Evaluation of the Comic Book
Industry's Attempt at Self Regulation 303
Legislating Music 304
Evaluation of the Labeling System 305
Legislating Movies 306
MPAA Rating System 306
Evaluating the MPAA Rating System 309
Legislating Television 310
Television Rating Systems and the V Chip 311
Evaluating the Television Rating
System and the V Chip 312
Legislating Video Games 314
ESRB Rating System 315
Evaluating the ESRB Rating System 317
Media Violence Policy: A Look to the Future 318
Summary 320
Part IV: Nonviolent Media and Youth 323
15. The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Effects
of Nonviolent Media on Children and Adolescents 325
Defining the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly 326
The Good 326
Educational and Information Programs 326
Prosocial Media and Prosocial Actions 328 ,
Effect Sizes of Prosocial Media 330 ,
Media and Academic Learning 331 !
Prejudice and Stereotype Reduction 334 ,
The Bad 335 ,
Prejudice and Stereotype Formation 335 ,
Advertising and Youth 335
Drug Use and the Media 337 ]
Sexual Attitudes and Behavior 339 j
The Ugly 341 t
Summary 343 1
References 345 c
Author Index 381 £
Subject Index 393 c
About the Author 409 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Kirsh, Steven J. |
| author_facet | Kirsh, Steven J. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kirsh, Steven J. |
| author_variant | s j k sj sjk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021516751 |
| callnumber-first | H - Social Science |
| callnumber-label | HQ784 |
| callnumber-raw | HQ784.M3 |
| callnumber-search | HQ784.M3 |
| callnumber-sort | HQ 3784 M3 |
| callnumber-subject | HQ - Family, Marriage, Women |
| classification_rvk | AP 17120 CQ 6600 DW 4000 MS 2350 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)61169644 (DE-599)BVBBV021516751 |
| dewey-full | 302.23/083 |
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| dewey-ones | 302 - Social interaction |
| dewey-raw | 302.23/083 |
| dewey-search | 302.23/083 |
| dewey-sort | 3302.23 283 |
| dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Allgemeines Pädagogik Soziologie Psychologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Allgemeines Pädagogik Soziologie Psychologie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV021516751 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:21:06Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:37:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0761929754 0761929762 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2005020164 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014733296 |
| oclc_num | 61169644 |
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| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | XIX, 409 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
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| publisher | Sage |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kirsh, Steven J. Verfasser aut Children, adolescents, and media violence a critical look at the research Steven J. Kirsh Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] Sage 2006 XIX, 409 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Adolescenten gtt Agressie gtt Agressivité chez l'adolescent Agressivité chez l'enfant Enfants et violence Geweld gtt Kinderen gtt Massamedia gtt Médias et adolescents Médias et enfants Violence chez les jeunes Violence dans les médias Gewalt Kind Medien Mass media and children Mass media and teenagers Children and violence Youth and violence Violence in mass media Aggressiveness in children Aggressiveness in adolescence Massenmedien (DE-588)4037877-9 gnd rswk-swf Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 gnd rswk-swf Gewalt (DE-588)4020832-1 gnd rswk-swf Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 gnd rswk-swf Massenmedien (DE-588)4037877-9 s Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 s Gewalt (DE-588)4020832-1 s DE-604 Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 s http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0516/2005020164.html Table of contents HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014733296&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kirsh, Steven J. Children, adolescents, and media violence a critical look at the research Adolescenten gtt Agressie gtt Agressivité chez l'adolescent Agressivité chez l'enfant Enfants et violence Geweld gtt Kinderen gtt Massamedia gtt Médias et adolescents Médias et enfants Violence chez les jeunes Violence dans les médias Gewalt Kind Medien Mass media and children Mass media and teenagers Children and violence Youth and violence Violence in mass media Aggressiveness in children Aggressiveness in adolescence Massenmedien (DE-588)4037877-9 gnd Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 gnd Gewalt (DE-588)4020832-1 gnd Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4037877-9 (DE-588)4028859-6 (DE-588)4020832-1 (DE-588)4030550-8 |
| title | Children, adolescents, and media violence a critical look at the research |
| title_auth | Children, adolescents, and media violence a critical look at the research |
| title_exact_search | Children, adolescents, and media violence a critical look at the research |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Children, adolescents, and media violence a critical look at the research |
| title_full | Children, adolescents, and media violence a critical look at the research Steven J. Kirsh |
| title_fullStr | Children, adolescents, and media violence a critical look at the research Steven J. Kirsh |
| title_full_unstemmed | Children, adolescents, and media violence a critical look at the research Steven J. Kirsh |
| title_short | Children, adolescents, and media violence |
| title_sort | children adolescents and media violence a critical look at the research |
| title_sub | a critical look at the research |
| topic | Adolescenten gtt Agressie gtt Agressivité chez l'adolescent Agressivité chez l'enfant Enfants et violence Geweld gtt Kinderen gtt Massamedia gtt Médias et adolescents Médias et enfants Violence chez les jeunes Violence dans les médias Gewalt Kind Medien Mass media and children Mass media and teenagers Children and violence Youth and violence Violence in mass media Aggressiveness in children Aggressiveness in adolescence Massenmedien (DE-588)4037877-9 gnd Jugend (DE-588)4028859-6 gnd Gewalt (DE-588)4020832-1 gnd Kind (DE-588)4030550-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Adolescenten Agressie Agressivité chez l'adolescent Agressivité chez l'enfant Enfants et violence Geweld Kinderen Massamedia Médias et adolescents Médias et enfants Violence chez les jeunes Violence dans les médias Gewalt Kind Medien Mass media and children Mass media and teenagers Children and violence Youth and violence Violence in mass media Aggressiveness in children Aggressiveness in adolescence Massenmedien Jugend |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0516/2005020164.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014733296&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kirshstevenj childrenadolescentsandmediaviolenceacriticallookattheresearch |