Vertical agreements in EC competition law:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2006
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXXVIII, 464 S. |
| ISBN: | 0199285810 9780199285815 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Vertical agreements in EC competition law |c Frank Wijckmans ; Filip Tuytschaever ; Alain Vanderelst |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Europarecht | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Recht | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Marketing, Vertical |x Law and legislation |z European Union countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Restraint of trade |z European Union countries | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135226498088960 |
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| adam_text | VERTICAL AGREEMENTS IN EC COMPETITION LAW FRANK WIJCKMANS FLLIP
TUYTSCHAEVER ALAIN VANDERELST OXJFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS CONTENTS TABLE
OFCASES AND DECISIONS XXV TABLE OF TREATIES AND LEGISLATION XXXIII I
INTRODUCTORY 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION A. SCOPE, METHODOLOGY, AND PLAN
1.01 B. ARTICLES 81 AND 82 EC (1) GENERAL 1.10 (2) ARTICLE81 EC 1.12 (3)
ARTICLE82 EC 1.14 (4) RELATION BETWEEN ARTICLES 81 AND 82 EC 1.16 C.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLES 81 AND 82 EC 1.18 (1) IMPLEMENTATION OF
ARTICLES 81 AND 82 EC ACCORDING TO REGULATION 17 CENTRALIZED
NOTIFICATION AND AUTHORIZATION SYSTEM 1.19 CONSEQUENCES OF DIE
CENTRALIZED NOTIFICATION AND AUTHORIZATION SYSTEM 1.21 ADJUSTMENTS TO
DIE CENTRALIZED NOTIFICATION AND AUTHORIZATION SYSTEM 1.22 (2)
IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLES 81 AND 82 EC ACCORDING TO REGULATION 1/2003
GENERAL 1.24 ABOLITION OF THE NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENT 1.28
DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION OF EC COMPETITION LAW 1.29 DECENTRALIZED
APPLICATION BY NCAS 1.30 DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION BY NATIONAL COURTS
1.31 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE EFFECT ON TRADE CONCEPT 1.32 RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN EC AND NATIONAL COMPETITION LAW THE CONVERGENCE RULE 1.34
CONVERGENCE AND ARRICLE 81 EC 1.37 CONVERGENCE AND UNILATERAL BEHAVIOUR
(INDUDING ARTICLE82EC) 1.41 UNIFORM APPLICATION OF EC COMPETITION LAW
1.47 RELEVANCE OF BLOCK EXEMPTION REGULATIONS 1.48 CONTENTS D.
REGULATION 2790/99 AND 1400/2002 (1) INTRODUCTION 1.49 (2) BACKGROUND TO
REGULATION 2790/99 1.51 (3) BACKGROUND TO REGULATION 1400/2002 1.56 E.
ENFORCEMENT OF ARTICLES 81 AND 82 EC 1.62 (1) PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT 1.63
PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT BY NCAS 1 .66 PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT BY THE COMMISSION
1.67 (2) PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT 1.69 DIRECT EFFECT OF ARTICLES 81 AND 82 EC
1.70 CONSEQUENCES OF INFRINGEMENT OF ARTICLE 81 (AND 82) EC ACCORDING TO
ARTICLE 81(2) EC 1.71 CONSEQUENCES OF INFRINGEMENT OF ARTICLE 81 (AND
82) EC ACCORDING TO NATIONAL LAW 1.72 PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT AS A SHIELD
AND A SWORD 1.73 PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT AS A SHIELD 1.74 PRIVATE
ENFORCEMENT AS A SWORD 1.78 F. HARD V SOFT EC COMPETITION LAW (1)
GENERAL 1.81 (2) THE LEGAL NATURE OF THE GUIDELINES 1.83 (3) THE
CONSEQUENCES OF THE GUIDELINES (REGULATION 2790/99) 1.87 FOR THE
COMMISSION 1.88 FOR THIRD PARTIES 1.89 COMMUNITY COURTS 1.90 NCAS AND
NATIONAL COURTS 1.92 MARKET PLAYERS 1.94 (4) THE LEGAL AND PRACTICAL
EFFECTS OF THE EXPLANATORY BROCHURE AND THE FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
(REGULATION 1400/2002) 1.96 II VERTICAL AGREEMENTS UNDER REGULATION
2790/99 2. MATERIAL SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF REGULATION 2790/99 A.
INTRODUCTION 2.01 B. METHODOLOGY: SEVEN KEY QUESTIONS 2.03 (1) FIRST
QUESTION: EFFECT ON TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES 2.06 (2) SECOND
QUESTION: VERTICAL AGREEMENTS 2.09 (3) THIRD QUESTION: VERTICAL
RESTRAINTS 2.14 (4) FOURTH QUESTION: APPLICABILITY OF OTHER BLOCK
EXEMPTION REGULATIONS 2.16 (5) FIFTH QUESTION: MARKET SHARE LIMIT OF 30%
2.18 (6) SIXTH QUESTION: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 2.20 (7) SEVENTH
QUESTION: INVOLVEMENT OF COMPETITORS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF UNDERTAKINGS
2.22 (8) THE OUTCOME OF THE REVIEW OF THE SEVEN KEY QUESTIONS 2.25
CONTENTS C. FIRST QUESTION: EFFECT ON TRADE CRITERION (1) INTRODUCTION
(2) REGULATION 1/2003 AND THE EFFECT ON TRADE CONCEPT (3) GUIDELINES
ON DIE EFFECT ON TRADE CONCEPT EFFECT MEASURED AT THE LEVEL OF THE
AGREEMENT AS A WHOLE NO LINK WITH A RESTRICTION OF COMPETITION REQUIRED
MAY AFFECT DEFINITION SUFFICIENT DEGREE OF PROBABILITY INFLUENCE ON
THE PATTERN OF TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES DIRECT OR INDIRECT INFLUENCE
ON THE PATTERN OF TRADE ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL INFLUENCE ON THE PATTERN OF
TRADE MAY AFFECT APPRECIABLY GENERAL QUANRIFICATION OF APPRECIABILITY:
SMES QUANTIFICATION OF APPRECIABILITY: PRESUMPTIONS QUANTIFICATION OF
APPRECIABILITY: NEGATIVE PRESUMPTION QUANTIFICATION OF APPRECIABILITY:
POSITIVE PRESUMPTION CASE-BY-CASE ASSESSMENT (4) SUMMARY OVERVIEW OF THE
EFFECT OF VERTICAL AGREEMENTS ON INTER-STATE TRADE D. SECOND QUESTION:
VERTICAL AGREEMENTS (1) INTRODUCTION ARTICLE 81(1) EC AND VERTICAL
AGREEMENTS REGULATION 2790/99 AND VERTICAL AGREEMENTS (2) FIRST
COMPONENT: AGREEMENTS AND CONCERTED PRACTICES GENERAL AGREEMENTS BROAD
INTERPRETATION OF THE CONCEPT AGREEMENT CONCURRENCE OF
WILLS*IRRELEVANCE OF DIE FORM OF DIE AGREEMENT CONCURRENCE OF
WILLS*IRRELEVANCE OF IMPLEMENTATION CONCURRENCE OF WILLS*AGREEMENT BY
TACIT ACQUIESCENCE VOLKSWAGEN I AND // BAYER (ADALAT) SUMMARY CONCERTED
PRACTICE DEFINITION APPLICATION TO VERTICAL RELATIONS (3) SECOND
COMPONENT: TWO OR MORE UNDERTAKINGS GENERAL THE CONCEPT OF UNDERTAKING
DEFINITION 2.27 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.35 2.36 2.39 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.45 2.46
2.49 2.50 2.58 2.59 2.60 2.61 2.63 2.65 2.66 2.68 2.69 2.70 2.73 2.77
2.83 2.86 2.87 2.89 2.91 2.92 XI CONTENTS THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ECONOMIC
ACTIVITY 2.94 NO NEED FOR LEGAL INCORPORATION 2.97 PUBLIC BODIES 2.98
SERVICES OF GENERAL ECONOMIC INTEREST 2.101 NON-UNDERTAKINGS ON THE
BASIS OF THE SOLIDARITY PRINCIPLE 2.103 THE REQUIREMENT OF MORE THAN ONE
UNDERTAKING GENERAL 2.104 INTRA-GROUP AGREEMENTS 2.105 NO LIMIT ON THE
NUMBER OF CONTRACTING UNDERTAKINGS 2.111 (4) THIRD COMPONENT:
UNDERTAKINGS OPERATING AT A DIFFERENT LEVEL OF THE PRODUCTION OR
DISTRIBUTION CHAIN 2.112 (5) FOURTH COMPONENT: AGREEMENTS OR CONCERTED
PRACTICES WHICH RELATE TO THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTIES MAY
PURCHASE, SEIL, OR RESELL CERTAIN GOODS OR SERVICES 2.115 VERTICAL
AGIEEMENTS COVERED BY BLOCK EXEMPTIONS PRIOR TO REGULATION 2790/99 2.116
VERTICAL AGREEMENTS COVERED BY REGULATION 2790/99 2.119 E. THIRD
QUESTION: VERTICAL RESTRAINTS (1) INTRODUCTION 2.123 (2) DE MINIMIS
NOTICE MARKET SHARE THRESHOLDS DEFINITION 2.125 DIFFERENT APPROACHES
TOWARDS THE APPRECIABILITY CONCEPT 2.127 COMBINED MARKET SHARE FOR
COMPETITORS AND INDIVIDUAL MARKET SHARES FOR NON-COMPETITORS 2.128
CUMULATIVE FORECLOSURE EFFECTS 2.130 TEMPORARY CROSSING OF MARKET SHARE
THRESHOLDS 2.132 HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS 2.134 (3) CASE-BY-CASE ASSESSMENT
OF THE RESTRICTIVE OBJECT OR EFFECT 2.137 RESTRICTIVE OBJECT OR EFFECT
2.138 APPRECIABLE RESTRICTION OF COMPETITION 2.142 APPRECIABLE
RESTRICTION OF COMPETITION BY OBJECT 2.144 APPRECIABLE RESTRICTION OF
COMPETITION BY EFFECT 2.146 (4) ANCILLARY RESTRAINTS THE CONCEPT OF
ANCILLARY RESTRAINTS 2.155 CONDITIONS FOR THE ANCILLARY NATURE OF
CERTAIN RESTRAINTS 2.156 ANCILLARY RESTRAINTS V ARTICLE 81(3) EC
ANALYSIS 2.157 ANCILLARY VERTICAL RESTRAINTS IN A HORIZONTAL OR A PURELY
VERTICAL CONTEXT 2.158 (5) OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION CONCEPT OF OBJECTIVE
JUSTIFICATION 2.161 SCOPE AND CONDITIONS OF OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION
2.163 OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION AND DOMINANCE 2.167 XN CONTENTS F. FOURTH
QUESTION: THE APPLICABILITY OF OTHER BLOCK EXEMPTION REGULATIONS (1)
INTRODUCTION 2.173 (2) THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE BLOCK EXEMPTION
REGULATIONS ON HORIZONTAL CO-OPERATION AGREEMENTS GENERAL 2.178 THE
RELATION BETWEEN REGULATIONS 2658/2000 AND 2790/99 THE LIMITS TO THE
SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF REGULATION 2790/99 2.180 THE SCOPE OF
APPLICATION OF REGULATION 2658/2000 2.181 THE RELATION BETWEEN
REGULATIONS 2659/2000 AND 2790/99 THE LIMITS TO THE SCOPE OF APPLICATION
OF REGULATION 2790/99 2.189 THE SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF REGULATION
2659/2000 2.190 (3) THE RELATION WITH THE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER BLOCK
EXEMPTION REGULATION GENERAL 2.195 THE RELATION BETWEEN REGULATIONS
772/2004 AND 2790/99 THE LIMITS TO THE SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF
REGULATION 2790/99 2.196 THE SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF REGULATION 772/2004
2.197 AGREEMENTS CONCERNING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF TRADE 2.202 (4) THE
RELATION WITH THE MOTOR VEHICLE DISTRIBUTION BLOCK EXEMPTION REGULATION
2.206 G. FIFTH QUESTION: MARKET SHARE LIMIT (1) INTRODUCTION 2.209 (2)
RELEVANT MARKETS DEFINITION OF THE RELEVANT PRODUCT AND GEOGRAPHIC
MARKET 2.220 RELEVANT MARKET*MARKET SHARE OF THE SUPPLIER GENERAL 2.223
RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET RULE (1): SUBSTITURABILITY FOR INPUT PRODUCTS
FROM A BUYER S PERSPECTIVE 2.225 RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET RULE (2):
SUBSTITUTABILITY FOR FINAL PRODUCTS FROM A FINAL CONSUMER S PERSPECTIVE
2.227 EXCEPTION TO RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET RULE (2): SUBSTITUTABILITY
FOR A PORTFOLIO OF FINAL PRODUCTS FROM A BUYER S PERSPECTIVE 2.228
RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET RULE (3): AS A RULE, THE DISTRIBUTION FORM IS
IRRELEVANT 2.229 RELEVANT GEOGRAPHIC MARKET 2.231 RELEVANT MARKET*MARKET
SHARE OF THE BUYER 2.232 RELEVANT MARKET*MULTI-PARTY AGREEMENT AT
DIFFERENT LEVELS OF TRADE 2.235 RELEVANT MARKET*PORTFOLIO OF PRODUCTS
DISTRIBUTED THROUGH THE SAME DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 2.238 RELEVANT
MARKET*SECONDARY PRODUCTS 2.240 XIN CONTENTS (3) CALCULATION OF MARKET
SHARES 2.248 MARKET SHARE IN VALUE AND MARKET SHARE IN VOLUME 2.249
MARKET SHARE IN VALUE 2.250 MARKET SHARE IN VOLUME 2.251 MARKET DATA
RELATING TO THE PRECEDING CALENDAR YEAR 2.252 MARKET SHARE OF CONNECTED
UNDERTAKINGS, JOINT VENTURES, CASES OF DUAL DISTRIBUTION, AND
INTRA-GROUP SALES CONNECTED UNDERTAKINGS 2.254 JOINT VENTURES 2.257 DUAL
DISTRIBUTION 2.258 INTRA-GROUP SALES 2.259 MARKET SHARE AND CAPTIVE OR
IN-HOUSE PRODUCTION 2.260 (4) PRACTICAL EXAMPLES 2.261 H. SIXTH
QUESTION: THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (1) INTRODUCTION
2.267 (2) FIRST CONDITION: IPRS AS PART OF A VERTICAL AGREEMENT 2.271
(3) SECOND CONDITION: IPRS ASSIGNED TO, OR FOR USE BY, THE BUYER 2.275
(4) THIRD CONDITION: IPRS WHICH DO NOT CONSTITUTE THE PRIMARY OBJECT OF
THE AGREEMENT 2.276 (5) FOURTH CONDITION: IPRS WHICH ARE DIRECTLY
RELATED TO THE USE, SALE, OR RESALE OF GOODS OR SERVICES 2.278 (6) FIFTH
CONDITION: IPRS WHICH DO NOT CONTAIN RESTRICTIONS OF COMPETITION HAVING
DIE SAME OBJECT OR EFFECT AS VERTICAL RESTRAINTS WHICH ARE NOT EXEMPTED
2.281 (7) TRADEMARKS, COPYRIGHT, AND KNOW-HOW 2.284 TRADEMARKS 2.285
COPYRIGHT 2.286 KNOW-HOW 2.288 I. SEVENTH QUESTION: AGREEMENTS BETWEEN
COMPETITORS AND AGREEMENTS ENTERED INTO BY AN ASSOCIATION OF
UNDERTAKINGS 2.291 (1) AGREEMENTS BETWEEN COMPETITORS THE RULE:
EXCLUSION FROM THE SCOPE OF REGULATION 2790/99 2.292 THE EXCEPTION:
AGREEMENTS BETWEEN COMPETITORS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF REGULATION 2790/99
CONDITIONS 2.296 TURNOVER LIMIT 2.298 DUAL DISTRIBUTION 2.300 (2)
AGREEMENTS ENTERED INTO BY AN ASSOCIATION OF UNDERTAKINGS 2.302 3.
TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF REGULATION 2790/99 3.01 A.
ADDRESSEES OF REGULATION 2790/99 3.02 B. TERRITORIAL APPLICATION OF THE
PROHIBITION OF ARTICLE 81(1) EC AND REGULATION 2790/99 XIV CONTENTS (1)
VERTICAL AGREEMENTS WHICH RESTRICT COMPETITION IN THE EEA 3.05 (2)
VERTICAL AGREEMENTS ON EXPORTS OUTSIDE OR RE-IMPORTATION FROM OUTSIDE
THE EEA 3.06 (3) VERTICAL AGREEMENTS WITH HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS 3.15 4.
APPLICATION IN TIME OF REGULATION 2790/99 4.01 5. HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS
A. HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS AS OBJECT 5.01 (1) DIFFERENT VIEWS ON DIE
OBJECT CONCEPT 5.04 (2) DIRECT IMPOSITION OF HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS
5.06 (3) INDIRECT IMPOSITION OF HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS 5.07 B.
TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF APPLICATION 5.10 C. ARTICLE 4(A)*VERTICAL PRICE
FIXING (1) THE PRINCIPLE OF THE PROHIBITION OF VERTICAL PRICE FIXING
5.11 ELIMINATION OR REDUCTION OF INTRA-BRAND COMPETITION 5.14 PRICE
TRANSPARENCY*HORIZONTAL COLLUSION 5.15 (2) DIFFERENT TYPES OF VERTICAL
PRICE FIXING DIRECT PRICE FIXING 5.19 INDIRECT PRICE FIXING 5.21 PRICE
MONITORING 5.22 (3) RECOMMENDED AND MAXIMUM PRICES 5.25 D. ARTICLE
4(B)*TERRITORIAL AND CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS 5.31 (1) THE RULE OF THE
PROHIBITION OF CUSTOMER AND TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS 5.35 RESTRICTIONS
IMPOSED ON BUYERS AND RESELLERS 5.36 RESTRICTIONS APPLYING IN THE EEA
5.37 DIRECT CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS 5.38 INDIRECT CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS
5.39 OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION FOR CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS 5.42 (2) FIRST
EXCEPTION: RESTRICTIONS ON ACTIVE SALES GENERAL 5.43 DEFINITION OF
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SALES ACTIVE SALES 5.46 PASSIVE SALES 5.48 ACTIVE V
PASSIVE SALES 5.49 SALES VIA THE INTERNET 5.51 RESTRICTIONS ON ACTIVE
SALES PRIOR TO REGULATION 2790/99 5.54 RESTRICTIONS ON ACTIVE SALES
ACCORDING TO REGULATION 2790/99 5.61 FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONS:
EXDUSIVITY AND THE PARALLEL IMPOSITION OF AN ACTIVE SALES RESTRICTION
5.62 XV CONTENTS THIRD CONDITION: NO LIMITATION OF SALES BY THE
CUSTOMERS OF THE BUYER 5.75 PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 5.84 RESTRICTIONS ON
ACTIVE SALES TO AN EXCLUSIVE CUSTOMER GROUP ACCORDING TO REGULATION
2790/99 5.86 DIRECT SALES BY THE SUPPLIER 5.89 LOCATION CLAUSES 5.95 (3)
SECOND EXCEPTION: CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED ON WHOLESALERS 5.96 (4)
THIRD EXCEPTION: RESTRICTION OF SALES TO UNAUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTORS IN
THE CONTEXT OF A SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 5.99 (5) FOURTH
EXCEPTION: RESTRICTIONS ON THE RESALE OF COMPONENTS 5.102 (6) FINAL
COMMENTS ON THE EXCEPTIONS REGARDING THE PROHIBITION OF TERRITORIAL AND
CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS 5.110 E. TERRITORIAL AND CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS IN
THE CONTEXT OF A SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (1) GENERAL 5.111 (2)
LOCATION CLAUSES 5.116 (3) COMBINING EXCLUSIVE AND SELECTIVE
DISTRIBUTION 5.120 F. RESTRICTIONS ON THE SAELE OF SPARE PARTS 5.124 6.
THE NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION A. DEFINITION (1) THE NON-COMPETE
OBLIGATION*A BROAD DEFINITION 6.01 (2) THE NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION*A
NARROW DEFINITION 6.05 (3) THE EXCLUSIVE PURCHASE OBLIGATION 6.08 B.
CONDITIONS APPLICABLE TO NON-COMPETE OBLIGATIONS (1) NON-COMPETE
OBLIGATIONS DURING DIE TERM OF THE AGREEMENT 6.13 INDEFINITE DURATION
6.14 TACIT RENEWAL 6.15 EXPRESS RENEWAL 6.17 EXCEPTION 6.20 (2) THE
NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION AFTER TERMINATION OF THE AGREEMENT 6.23 (3)
NON-COMPETE OBLIGATIONS IMPOSED ON MEMBERS OF SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEMS 6.30 C. CONSEQUENCES IF THE CONDITIONS ARE NOT MET (1) THE
SEVERABILITY PRINCIPLE 6.33 (2) CONSEQUENCES FOR THE RELEVANT PROVISION
6.34 (3) THE DELIMITIS TEST 6.35 (4) CONSEQUENCES FOR THE REMAINING
PROVISIONS 6.41 XVI CONTENTS 7. FREQUENTLY USED DISTRIBUTION FORMULAS A.
INTRODUCTION 7.01 B. EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION 7.04 (1) TERRITORIAL
PROTECTION TERRITORIAL PROTECTION AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 7.05 TERRITORIAL
PROTECTION AGAINST ODIER DISTRIBUTORS 7.07 (2) TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS
7.08 (3) CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS 7.10 (4) NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 7.13 (5)
EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 7.14 C. NON-EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION (1) TERRITORIAL
PROTECTION TERRITORIAL PROTECTION AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 7.16 TERRITORIAL
PROTECTION AGAINST OTHER DISTRIBUTORS 7.18 (2) TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS
7.19 (3) CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS 7.21 (4) NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 7.23 (5)
EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 7.24 D. SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 7.25 (1) TERRITORIAL
PROTECTION TERRITORIAL PROTECTION AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 7.28 TERRITORIAL
PROTECTION AGAINST OTHER MEMBERS OF THE SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
7.29 (2) TETRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS 7.31 (3) CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS
END-USERS 7.33 RESELLERS 7.34 (4) NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 7.35 (5)
EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 7.37 E. FRANCHISING (1) GENERAL 7.38 IMPORTANCE OF
ARTICLE 2(3) OF REGULATION 2790/99 7.40 COMMERCIAL FRANCHISING 7.41
INDUSTRIAL FRANCHISING 7.42 (2) TERRITORIAL PROTECTION TERRITORIAL
PROTECTION AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 7.44 TERRITORIAL PROTECTION AGAINST
OTHER FRANCHISEES 7.45 (3) TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS 7.46 (4) CUSTOMER
RESTRICTIONS 7.47 (5) NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 7.48 (6) EXCLUSIVE
PURCHASING 7.50 XVII CONTENTS F. AGENCY (1) INTRODUCTION 7.52 AGENCY
UNDER DIE REGULATION 7.53 AGENCY UNDER THE GUIDELINES 7.55 COMMERCIAL
AGENCY DIRECTIVE 7.56 (2) AGENCY AGREEMENTS IN THE CASE LAW OF THE COURT
OF JUSTICE 7.59 (3) AGENCY AGREEMENTS UNDER THE GUIDELINES INTRODUCTION
7.63 THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN GENUINE AND NON-GENUINE AGENCY AGREEMENTS
7.66 COSTS OF SUPPLY (OR PURCHASE), INCLUDING TRANSPORTATION 7.71 SALES
PROMOTION 7.72 STOCKS 7.73 SERVICE 7.74 INVESTMENTS 7.75 PRODUCT
LIABILITY 7.76 LIABILITY FOR NON-PERFORMANCE BY THE CUSTOMER 7.77
CONSEQUENCES OF THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN GENUINE AND NON-GENUINE AGENCY
AGREEMENTS 7.80 (4) CLAUSES DEFINING THE PRICE AND OTHER CONDITIONS OF
SALE 7.84 (5) TERRITORIAL PROTECTION TERRITORIAL PROTECTION AGAINST THE
PRINCIPAL 7.88 TERRITORIAL PROTECTION AGAINST THE PRINCIPAL S OTHER
AGENTS 7.90 (6) TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS 7.91 (7) CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS
7.94 (8) NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 7.95 8. SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENTS A.
INTRODUCTION 8.01 B. LEGAL FRAMEWORK 8.05 C. SUBCONTRACTING BETWEEN
COMPETITORS (1) METHODOLOGY: SIX QUESTIONS 8.12 (2) FIRST QUESTION: DOES
THE SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT COME WITHIN DIE SCOPE OF ARTICLE 81(1) EC?
8.13 (3) SECOND QUESTION: DOES THE SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT APPRECIABLY
RESTRICT COMPETITION IN DIE SENSE OF ARTICLE 81(1) EC? 8.14 (4) THIRD
QUESTION: IS THE SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT A TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
AGREEMENT COVERED BY THE TTBER? 8.16 (5) FOURDI QUESTION: IS DIE
SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT A UNILATERAL SPECIALIZATION AGREEMENT COVERED
BY REGULATION 2658/2000? 8.20 (6) FIFTH QUESTION: IS THE SUBCONTRACTING
AGREEMENT COVERED BY REGULATION 1400/2002 OR REGULATION 2790/99? 8.22
XVLLL CONTENTS (7) SIXTH QUESTION: ARE THE RESTRICTIONS OF COMPETITION
WHICH THE SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT CONTAINS ENFORCEABLE ACCORDING TO THE
HORIZONTAL GUIDELINES? 8.25 FORECLOSURE PROBLEMS 8.26 SPILL-OVER EFFECTS
8.28 D. SUBCONTRACTING BETWEEN NON-COMPETITORS (1) METHODOLOGY 8.32 (2)
FIRST QUESTION: DOES THE SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT COME WITHIN THE SCOPE
OF ARTICLE 81(1) EC? 8.33 (3) SECOND QUESTION: DOES THE SUBCONTRACTING
AGREEMENT APPRECIABLY AFFECT COMPETITION IN THE SENSE OF ARTICLE 81(1)
EC? GENERAL 8.34 SUBCONTRACTING BETWEEN NON-COMPETITORS ACCORDING TO THE
HORIZONTAL GUIDELINES 8.35 SUBCONTRACTING BETWEEN NON-COMPETITORS
ACCORDING TO THE SUBCONTRACTING NOTICE 8.37 SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENTS
BETWEEN NON-COMPETITORS ACCORDING TO DIE DE MINIMIS NOTICE 8.44 (4)
THIRD QUESTION: IS DIE SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT A TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
AGREEMENT COVERED BY THE TTBER? 8.47 (5) FOURTH QUESTION: IS THE
SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT COVERED BY REGULATION 1400/2002 OR REGULATION
2790/99? 8.50 THE REGIME OF REGULATION 2790/99 8.51 THE REGIME OF
REGULATION 1400/2002 8.54 (6) FIFTH QUESTION: ARE THE RESTRICTIONS OF
COMPETITION WHICH THE SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT CONTAINS ENFORCEABLE
PURSUANT TO DIE (VERTICAL) GUIDELINES? 8.57 (7) CONDUDING REMARKS 8.58
9. DISAPPLICATION AND WITHDRAWAL A. INTRODUCTION (1) BLOCK EXEMPTION
9.01 (2) CORRECTIVE MEASURES 9.02 B. DISAPPLICATION (1) PARALLEL
NETWORKS 9.03 (2) THE 50% RULE 9.04 (3) TRANSITION PERIOD 9.05 (4) NO
RETROACTIVE EFFECT 9.06 (5) DISAPPLICATION BY COMMISSION REGULATION 9.07
C. WITHDRAWAL (1) INDIVIDUAL AGREEMENTS 9.08 (2) WITHDRAWAL BY
COMMISSION DECISION 9.09 (3) NO RETROACTIVE EFFECT 9.10 XIX CONTENTS (4)
INAPPLICABILITY TO FUTURE AGREEMENTS 9.11 (5) WITHDRAWAL PROCEDURE 9.12
III VERTICAL AGREEMENTS OUTSIDE THE SCOPE OF REGULATION 2790/99 10.
VERTICAL AGREEMENTS FOR COMPANIES WITH A LARGE MARKET SHARE A.
INTRODUCTION 10.01 B. FREQUENTLY USED DISTRIBUTION FORMULAS (1)
EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION (2) NON-EXDUSIVE DISTRIBUTION (3) QUANTITATIVE
SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION (4) QUALITATIVE SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION (5)
FRANCHISING (6) AGENCY C. ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL VERTICAL RESTRAINTS
(1) STRUCTURE (2) GENERAL PRINCIPLES NO INDIVIDUAL EXEMPTION FOR
HARDCORE RESTRAINTS ABUSES OF DOMINANCE NOT ELIGIBLE FOR AN INDIVIDUAL
EXEMPTION MARKET POWER AS CENTRAL CONCEPT DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE
REDUCTION OF INTER-BRAND COMPERITION V INTRA-BRAND COMPETITION SUMMARY
(3) METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT (4) TERRITORIAL PROTECTION COMPETITIVE
CONCERNS REDUCTION OF INTRA-BRAND COMPETITION FORECLOSURE OF THE
PURCHASE MARKET FACILITATING COLLUSION MARKET PARTITIONING MEASUREMENT
OF RESTRICTIVE INTENSITY MARKET CHARACTERISTICS FEATURES OF THE VERTICAL
RESTRAINT EFFICIENCIES FREE-RIDER PROBLEM CERTIFICATION FREE-RIDER ISSUE
HOLD-UP PROBLEM ECONOMIES OF SCALE CONCRETE GUIDANCE (5) TERRITORIAL
RESTRICTIONS COMPETITIVE CONCERNS MEASUREMENT OF RESTRICTIVE INTENSITY
10.06 10.09 10.11 10.13 10.17 10.19 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 10.27 10.29
10.33 10.34 10.36 10.38 10.39 10.40 10.41 10.42 10.43 10.44 10.45 10.46
10.47 10.48 10.51 10.52 10.53 10.54 10.55 10.56 10.57 XX CONTENTS MARKET
CHARACTERISTICS FEATURES OF DIE VERTICAL RESTRAINT EFFICIENCIES CONCRETE
GUIDANCE (6) EXCLUSIVE CUSTOMER ALLOCATION COMPETITIVE CONCERNS
MEASUREMENT OF RESTRICTIVE INTENSITY MARKET CHARACTERISTICS FEATURES OF
THE VERTICAL RESTRAINT EFFICIENCIES CONCRETE GUIDANCE (7) CUSTOMER
RESTRICTIONS PROTECTION OF CUSTOMERS ALLOCATED TO OTHER DISTRIBUTORS
SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION (8) NON-COMPETE OBLIGATIONS AND QUANTITY FORCING
ON THE DISTRIBUTORS COMPETITIVE CONCERNS FORECLOSURE OF THE MARKET
FACILITATING COLLUSION REDUCTION OF INTER-BRAND COMPETITION MEASUREMENT
OF RESTRICTIVE INTENSITY MARKET CHARACTERISTICS FEATURES OF THE VERTICAL
RESTRAINT EFFICIENCIES FREE-RIDER PROBLEM HOLD-UP PROBLEM SPECIFIC
HOLD-UP PROBLEM ECONOMIES OF SCALE CAPITAL MARKET IMPERFECTIONS CONCRETE
GUIDANCE (9) EXCLUSIVE SUPPLY AND QUANTITY FORCING ON THE SUPPLIER
COMPETITIVE CONCERNS MEASUREMENT OF RESTRICTIVE INTENSITY MARKET
CHARACTERISTICS FEATURES OF THE VERTICAL RESTRAINT EFFICIENCIES CONCRETE
GUIDANCE (10) EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING COMPETITIVE CONCERNS MEASUREMENT OF
RESTRICTIVE INTENSITY MARKET CHARACTERISTICS FEATURES OF THE VERTICAL
RESTRAINT EFFICIENCIES CONCRETE GUIDANCE 10.58 10.59 10.60 10.61 10.62
10.64 10.66 10.67 10.68 10.69 10.72 10.73 10.75 10.76 10.77 10.78 10.79
10.80 10.81 10.82 10.89 10.92 10.93 10.94 10.95 10.96 10.97 10.98 10.99
10.102 10.103 10.104 10.110 10.111 10.112 10.113 10.114 10.116 10.117
10.119 10.120 10.121 XXI CONTENTS D. COMBINATIONS OF VERTICAL RESTRAINTS
10.122 (1) EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION AND TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS 10.124
(2) EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION AND NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 10.125 (3)
EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION AND EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 10.127 (4) SELECTIVE
DISTRIBUTION AND NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 10.129 (5) SELECTIVE
DISTRIBUTION AND EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION 10.130 (6) SELECTIVE
DISTRIBUTION AND EXCLUSIVE CUSTOMER ALLOCATION 10.132 (7) EXCLUSIVE
SUPPLY AND NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 10.133 IV MOTOR VEHICLE DISTRIBUTION
UNDER REGULATION 1400/2002 11. THE MOTOR VEHIDE DISTRIBUTION BLOCK
EXEMPTION A. INTRODUCTION (1) HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 11.01 (2) A MORE
ECONOMIC AND LESS PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH 11.02 (3) AIMS OF REGULATION
1400/2002: RADICAL PROMOTION OF INTRA-BRAND COMPETITION 11.09 (4)
STRUCTURE OF REGULATION 1400/2002 11.13 ARTICLE 3 11.15 ARTICLE 4 11.19
ARTICLE 5 11.20 ARTICLES 6 TO 12 11.21 B. SCOPE OF APPLICATION (1) TYPE
OF AGREEMENTS COVERED 11.22 (2) APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE 81(1) EC 11.24
(3) VERTICAL AGREEMENTS 11.31 (4) PURCHASE, SALE, OR RESALE 11.36 (5)
THE RELEVANT GOODS AND SERVICES 11.37 NEW MOTOR VEHIDES 11.38 SPARE
PARTS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES 11.41 REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE SERVICES FOR MOTOR
VEHICLES 11.46 (6) TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF APPLICATION 11.47 (7)
APPLICATION RATIONE TEMPORIS 11.48 C. DISTRIBUTION FORMULAS 11.50 (1)
CALCULATION OF MARKET SHARES 11.52 (2) DEFINITION OF RELEVANT MARKETS
11.53 (3) MOTOR VEHICLES 11.56 (4) SPARE PARTS 11.63 (5) REPAIR AND
MAINTENANCE SERVICES 11.65 (6) CALCULATION METHOD 11.66 (7) DISTRIBUTION
FORMULAS: GENERAL OVERVIEW OF POSSIBILITIES 11.73 (8) DISTRIBUTION
FORMULAS: DEFINITION 11.77 XXII 11 11 11 11 11 11. 11. .78 .81 .84 .86
.88 .90 .99 11.105 CONTENTS SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION: GENERAL QUALITATIVE
SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION QUANTITATIVE SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION
FORMULAS OTHER THAN SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION D. CONDITIONS OF THE BLOCK
EXEMPTION (1) GENERAL (2) TRANSFER RIGHTS (3) TERM AND TERMINATION (4)
DISPUTE RESOLUTION E. HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS (1) GENERAL 11.109 (2)
HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS CONCERNING THE SALE OF NEW MOTOR VEHICLES, REPAIR
AND MAINTENANCE SERVICES, OR SPARE PARTS VERTICAL PRICE FIXING
TERRITORIAL AND CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS CUSTOMER
RESTRICTIONS PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS PROHIBITION OF REGISTRATION
REQUIREMENT REPAIR, WARRANTY, FREE SERVICING, RECALL ORDERING AND
DELIVERY SYSTEMS SALES TARGETS BONUSES ON CROSS-SUPPLIES INTERMEDIARIES
LEASING COMPANIES (3) HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS ONLY CONCERNING THE SALE OF
NEW MOTOR VEHICLES AVAILABILITY DAUSE SUBCONTRACTING REPAIR AND
MAINTENANCE SERVICES (4) HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS ONLY CONCERNING THE SALE
OF REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE SERVICES AND OF SPARE PARTS WORKSHOP-ONLY
SCENARIO SUPPLY OF SPARE PARTS TO INDEPENDENT REPAIRERS DIRECT SUPPLIES
BY PRODUCERS OF PARTS, EQUIPMENT, OR TOOLING ORIGINAL SPARE PARTS SPARE
PARTS OF MATCHING QUALITY FREEDOM OF DISTRIBUTORS OR REPAIRERS TO SOURCE
PARTS FROM DIIRD PARTIES TRADEMARK OR LOGO OF COMPONENT SUPPLIER F.
MANDATORY ACCESS TO TECHNICAL INFORMATION, TRAINING, TOOLS, AND
DIAGNOSTIC AND OTHER EQUIPMENT (1) OBJECT OF THE ACCESS RIGHTS TECHNICAL
INFORMATION XXIN 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11. 11, 11. 11.
11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. .112 .113 .115 .118 .119 .120
.121 .122 .124 .125 .126 .127 .128 .129 .130 .134 .141 142 145 148 151
152 155 159 161 163 164 CONTENTS TRAINING 11.165 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
11.166 (2) BENEFICIARIES 11.167 (3) PARTY SUBJECT TO THE OBLIGATION
11.169 (4) CONDITIONS 11.172 NON-DISCRIMINATION 11.174 PROMPT 11.175
PROPORTIONATE 11.176 G. SPECIFIC CONDITIONS 11.177 (1) NON-COMPETE
OBLIGATIONS 11.180 (2) STANDARD NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 11.181
BRAND-SPECIFIC AREAS 11.184 SEPARATE SHOWROOMS 11.185 BRAND-SPECIFIC
PERSONNEL 11.186 DISPLAY OF FUELL RAENGE 11.187 SEPARATE ENTRANCES 11.188
SEPARATE RECEPTION DESKS 11.189 CORPORATE IDENTITY 11.190 (3) EXTENDED
NON-COMPETE OBLIGATIONS 11.192 (4) QUASI NON-COMPETE OBLIGATIONS 11.197
(5) POST-TERM NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 11.202 (6) LEASING SERVICES 11.203
(7) LOCATION CLAUSES 11.204 PASSENGER CARS AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES
11.205 TRUCKS AND BUSES 11.208 REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE 11.209 SPARE PARTS
11.211 H. NON-APPLICATION AND WITHDRAWAL 11.212 APPENDIX 1 COMMISSION
REGULATION (EC) NO 2790/1999 381 APPENDIX 2 COMMISSION NOTICE*GUIDELINES
ON VERTICAL RESTRAINTS (2000/C 29101) 388 APPENDIX 3 COMMISSION
REGULATION (EC) NO 1400/2002 437 INDEX 453 XXIV
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VERTICAL AGREEMENTS IN EC COMPETITION LAW FRANK WIJCKMANS FLLIP
TUYTSCHAEVER ALAIN VANDERELST OXJFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS CONTENTS TABLE
OFCASES AND DECISIONS XXV TABLE OF TREATIES AND LEGISLATION XXXIII I
INTRODUCTORY 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION A. SCOPE, METHODOLOGY, AND PLAN
1.01 B. ARTICLES 81 AND 82 EC (1) GENERAL 1.10 (2) ARTICLE81 EC 1.12 (3)
ARTICLE82 EC 1.14 (4) RELATION BETWEEN ARTICLES 81 AND 82 EC 1.16 C.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLES 81 AND 82 EC 1.18 (1) IMPLEMENTATION OF
ARTICLES 81 AND 82 EC ACCORDING TO REGULATION 17 CENTRALIZED
NOTIFICATION AND AUTHORIZATION SYSTEM 1.19 CONSEQUENCES OF DIE
CENTRALIZED NOTIFICATION AND AUTHORIZATION SYSTEM 1.21 ADJUSTMENTS TO
DIE CENTRALIZED NOTIFICATION AND AUTHORIZATION SYSTEM 1.22 (2)
IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLES 81 AND 82 EC ACCORDING TO REGULATION 1/2003
GENERAL 1.24 ABOLITION OF THE NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENT 1.28
DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION OF EC COMPETITION LAW 1.29 DECENTRALIZED
APPLICATION BY NCAS 1.30 DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION BY NATIONAL COURTS
1.31 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE 'EFFECT ON TRADE' CONCEPT 1.32 RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN EC AND NATIONAL COMPETITION LAW THE CONVERGENCE RULE 1.34
CONVERGENCE AND ARRICLE 81 EC 1.37 CONVERGENCE AND UNILATERAL BEHAVIOUR
(INDUDING ARTICLE82EC) 1.41 UNIFORM APPLICATION OF EC COMPETITION LAW
1.47 RELEVANCE OF BLOCK EXEMPTION REGULATIONS 1.48 CONTENTS D.
REGULATION 2790/99 AND 1400/2002 (1) INTRODUCTION 1.49 (2) BACKGROUND TO
REGULATION 2790/99 1.51 (3) BACKGROUND TO REGULATION 1400/2002 1.56 E.
ENFORCEMENT OF ARTICLES 81 AND 82 EC 1.62 (1) PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT 1.63
PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT BY NCAS 1 .66 PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT BY THE COMMISSION
1.67 (2) PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT 1.69 DIRECT EFFECT OF ARTICLES 81 AND 82 EC
1.70 CONSEQUENCES OF INFRINGEMENT OF ARTICLE 81 (AND 82) EC ACCORDING TO
ARTICLE 81(2) EC 1.71 CONSEQUENCES OF INFRINGEMENT OF ARTICLE 81 (AND
82) EC ACCORDING TO NATIONAL LAW 1.72 PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT AS A 'SHIELD'
AND A 'SWORD' 1.73 PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT AS A 'SHIELD' 1.74 PRIVATE
ENFORCEMENT AS A 'SWORD' 1.78 F. HARD V SOFT EC COMPETITION LAW (1)
GENERAL 1.81 (2) THE LEGAL NATURE OF THE GUIDELINES 1.83 (3) THE
CONSEQUENCES OF THE GUIDELINES (REGULATION 2790/99) 1.87 FOR THE
COMMISSION 1.88 FOR THIRD PARTIES 1.89 COMMUNITY COURTS 1.90 NCAS AND
NATIONAL COURTS 1.92 MARKET PLAYERS 1.94 (4) THE LEGAL AND PRACTICAL
EFFECTS OF THE EXPLANATORY BROCHURE AND THE FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
(REGULATION 1400/2002) 1.96 II VERTICAL AGREEMENTS UNDER REGULATION
2790/99 2. MATERIAL SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF REGULATION 2790/99 A.
INTRODUCTION 2.01 B. METHODOLOGY: SEVEN KEY QUESTIONS 2.03 (1) FIRST
QUESTION: EFFECT ON TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES 2.06 (2) SECOND
QUESTION: VERTICAL AGREEMENTS 2.09 (3) THIRD QUESTION: VERTICAL
RESTRAINTS 2.14 (4) FOURTH QUESTION: APPLICABILITY OF OTHER BLOCK
EXEMPTION REGULATIONS 2.16 (5) FIFTH QUESTION: MARKET SHARE LIMIT OF 30%
2.18 (6) SIXTH QUESTION: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 2.20 (7) SEVENTH
QUESTION: INVOLVEMENT OF COMPETITORS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF UNDERTAKINGS
2.22 (8) THE OUTCOME OF THE REVIEW OF THE SEVEN KEY QUESTIONS 2.25
CONTENTS C. FIRST QUESTION: EFFECT ON TRADE CRITERION (1) INTRODUCTION
(2) REGULATION 1/2003 AND THE 'EFFECT ON TRADE' CONCEPT (3) GUIDELINES
ON DIE 'EFFECT ON TRADE' CONCEPT EFFECT MEASURED AT THE LEVEL OF THE
AGREEMENT AS A WHOLE NO LINK WITH A RESTRICTION OF COMPETITION REQUIRED
'MAY AFFECT' DEFINITION SUFFICIENT DEGREE OF PROBABILITY INFLUENCE ON
THE PATTERN OF TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES DIRECT OR INDIRECT INFLUENCE
ON THE PATTERN OF TRADE ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL INFLUENCE ON THE PATTERN OF
TRADE 'MAY AFFECT APPRECIABLY' GENERAL QUANRIFICATION OF APPRECIABILITY:
SMES QUANTIFICATION OF APPRECIABILITY: PRESUMPTIONS QUANTIFICATION OF
APPRECIABILITY: NEGATIVE PRESUMPTION QUANTIFICATION OF APPRECIABILITY:
POSITIVE PRESUMPTION CASE-BY-CASE ASSESSMENT (4) SUMMARY OVERVIEW OF THE
EFFECT OF VERTICAL AGREEMENTS ON INTER-STATE TRADE D. SECOND QUESTION:
VERTICAL AGREEMENTS (1) INTRODUCTION ARTICLE 81(1) EC AND VERTICAL
AGREEMENTS REGULATION 2790/99 AND VERTICAL AGREEMENTS (2) FIRST
COMPONENT: AGREEMENTS AND CONCERTED PRACTICES GENERAL AGREEMENTS BROAD
INTERPRETATION OF THE CONCEPT 'AGREEMENT' CONCURRENCE OF
WILLS*IRRELEVANCE OF DIE FORM OF DIE AGREEMENT CONCURRENCE OF
WILLS*IRRELEVANCE OF IMPLEMENTATION CONCURRENCE OF WILLS*AGREEMENT BY
TACIT ACQUIESCENCE VOLKSWAGEN I AND // BAYER (ADALAT) SUMMARY CONCERTED
PRACTICE DEFINITION APPLICATION TO VERTICAL RELATIONS (3) SECOND
COMPONENT: TWO OR MORE UNDERTAKINGS GENERAL THE CONCEPT OF 'UNDERTAKING'
DEFINITION 2.27 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.35 2.36 2.39 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.45 2.46
2.49 2.50 2.58 2.59 2.60 2.61 2.63 2.65 2.66 2.68 2.69 2.70 2.73 2.77
2.83 2.86 2.87 2.89 2.91 2.92 XI CONTENTS THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ECONOMIC
ACTIVITY 2.94 NO NEED FOR LEGAL INCORPORATION 2.97 PUBLIC BODIES 2.98
SERVICES OF GENERAL ECONOMIC INTEREST 2.101 NON-UNDERTAKINGS ON THE
BASIS OF THE SOLIDARITY PRINCIPLE 2.103 THE REQUIREMENT OF MORE THAN ONE
UNDERTAKING GENERAL 2.104 INTRA-GROUP AGREEMENTS 2.105 NO LIMIT ON THE
NUMBER OF CONTRACTING UNDERTAKINGS 2.111 (4) THIRD COMPONENT:
UNDERTAKINGS OPERATING AT A DIFFERENT LEVEL OF THE PRODUCTION OR
DISTRIBUTION CHAIN 2.112 (5) FOURTH COMPONENT: AGREEMENTS OR CONCERTED
PRACTICES WHICH RELATE TO THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE PARTIES MAY
PURCHASE, SEIL, OR RESELL CERTAIN GOODS OR SERVICES 2.115 VERTICAL
AGIEEMENTS COVERED BY BLOCK EXEMPTIONS PRIOR TO REGULATION 2790/99 2.116
VERTICAL AGREEMENTS COVERED BY REGULATION 2790/99 2.119 E. THIRD
QUESTION: VERTICAL RESTRAINTS (1) INTRODUCTION 2.123 (2) DE MINIMIS
NOTICE MARKET SHARE THRESHOLDS DEFINITION 2.125 DIFFERENT APPROACHES
TOWARDS THE APPRECIABILITY CONCEPT 2.127 COMBINED MARKET SHARE FOR
COMPETITORS AND INDIVIDUAL MARKET SHARES FOR NON-COMPETITORS 2.128
CUMULATIVE FORECLOSURE EFFECTS 2.130 TEMPORARY CROSSING OF MARKET SHARE
THRESHOLDS 2.132 HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS 2.134 (3) CASE-BY-CASE ASSESSMENT
OF THE RESTRICTIVE OBJECT OR EFFECT 2.137 RESTRICTIVE OBJECT OR EFFECT
2.138 APPRECIABLE RESTRICTION OF COMPETITION 2.142 APPRECIABLE
RESTRICTION OF COMPETITION BY OBJECT 2.144 APPRECIABLE RESTRICTION OF
COMPETITION BY EFFECT 2.146 (4) ANCILLARY RESTRAINTS THE CONCEPT OF
ANCILLARY RESTRAINTS 2.155 CONDITIONS FOR THE ANCILLARY NATURE OF
CERTAIN RESTRAINTS 2.156 ANCILLARY RESTRAINTS V ARTICLE 81(3) EC
ANALYSIS 2.157 ANCILLARY VERTICAL RESTRAINTS IN A HORIZONTAL OR A PURELY
VERTICAL CONTEXT 2.158 (5) OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION CONCEPT OF OBJECTIVE
JUSTIFICATION 2.161 SCOPE AND CONDITIONS OF OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION
2.163 OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION AND DOMINANCE 2.167 XN CONTENTS F. FOURTH
QUESTION: THE APPLICABILITY OF OTHER BLOCK EXEMPTION REGULATIONS (1)
INTRODUCTION 2.173 (2) THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE BLOCK EXEMPTION
REGULATIONS ON HORIZONTAL CO-OPERATION AGREEMENTS GENERAL 2.178 THE
RELATION BETWEEN REGULATIONS 2658/2000 AND 2790/99 THE LIMITS TO THE
SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF REGULATION 2790/99 2.180 THE SCOPE OF
APPLICATION OF REGULATION 2658/2000 2.181 THE RELATION BETWEEN
REGULATIONS 2659/2000 AND 2790/99 THE LIMITS TO THE SCOPE OF APPLICATION
OF REGULATION 2790/99 2.189 THE SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF REGULATION
2659/2000 2.190 (3) THE RELATION WITH THE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER BLOCK
EXEMPTION REGULATION GENERAL 2.195 THE RELATION BETWEEN REGULATIONS
772/2004 AND 2790/99 THE LIMITS TO THE SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF
REGULATION 2790/99 2.196 THE SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF REGULATION 772/2004
2.197 AGREEMENTS CONCERNING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF TRADE 2.202 (4) THE
RELATION WITH THE MOTOR VEHICLE DISTRIBUTION BLOCK EXEMPTION REGULATION
2.206 G. FIFTH QUESTION: MARKET SHARE LIMIT (1) INTRODUCTION 2.209 (2)
RELEVANT MARKETS DEFINITION OF THE RELEVANT PRODUCT AND GEOGRAPHIC
MARKET 2.220 RELEVANT MARKET*MARKET SHARE OF THE SUPPLIER GENERAL 2.223
RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET RULE (1): SUBSTITURABILITY FOR INPUT PRODUCTS
FROM A BUYER'S PERSPECTIVE 2.225 RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET RULE (2):
SUBSTITUTABILITY FOR FINAL PRODUCTS FROM A FINAL CONSUMER'S PERSPECTIVE
2.227 EXCEPTION TO RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET RULE (2): SUBSTITUTABILITY
FOR A PORTFOLIO OF FINAL PRODUCTS FROM A BUYER'S PERSPECTIVE 2.228
RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET RULE (3): AS A RULE, THE DISTRIBUTION FORM IS
IRRELEVANT 2.229 RELEVANT GEOGRAPHIC MARKET 2.231 RELEVANT MARKET*MARKET
SHARE OF THE BUYER 2.232 RELEVANT MARKET*MULTI-PARTY AGREEMENT AT
DIFFERENT LEVELS OF TRADE 2.235 RELEVANT MARKET*PORTFOLIO OF PRODUCTS
DISTRIBUTED THROUGH THE SAME DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 2.238 RELEVANT
MARKET*SECONDARY PRODUCTS 2.240 XIN CONTENTS (3) CALCULATION OF MARKET
SHARES 2.248 MARKET SHARE IN VALUE AND MARKET SHARE IN VOLUME 2.249
MARKET SHARE IN VALUE 2.250 MARKET SHARE IN VOLUME 2.251 MARKET DATA
RELATING TO THE PRECEDING CALENDAR YEAR 2.252 MARKET SHARE OF CONNECTED
UNDERTAKINGS, JOINT VENTURES, CASES OF DUAL DISTRIBUTION, AND
INTRA-GROUP SALES CONNECTED UNDERTAKINGS 2.254 JOINT VENTURES 2.257 DUAL
DISTRIBUTION 2.258 INTRA-GROUP SALES 2.259 MARKET SHARE AND CAPTIVE OR
IN-HOUSE PRODUCTION 2.260 (4) PRACTICAL EXAMPLES 2.261 H. SIXTH
QUESTION: THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (1) INTRODUCTION
2.267 (2) FIRST CONDITION: IPRS AS PART OF A VERTICAL AGREEMENT 2.271
(3) SECOND CONDITION: IPRS ASSIGNED TO, OR FOR USE BY, THE BUYER 2.275
(4) THIRD CONDITION: IPRS WHICH DO NOT CONSTITUTE THE PRIMARY OBJECT OF
THE AGREEMENT 2.276 (5) FOURTH CONDITION: IPRS WHICH ARE DIRECTLY
RELATED TO THE USE, SALE, OR RESALE OF GOODS OR SERVICES 2.278 (6) FIFTH
CONDITION: IPRS WHICH DO NOT CONTAIN RESTRICTIONS OF COMPETITION HAVING
DIE SAME OBJECT OR EFFECT AS VERTICAL RESTRAINTS WHICH ARE NOT EXEMPTED
2.281 (7) TRADEMARKS, COPYRIGHT, AND KNOW-HOW 2.284 TRADEMARKS 2.285
COPYRIGHT 2.286 KNOW-HOW 2.288 I. SEVENTH QUESTION: AGREEMENTS BETWEEN
COMPETITORS AND AGREEMENTS ENTERED INTO BY AN ASSOCIATION OF
UNDERTAKINGS 2.291 (1) AGREEMENTS BETWEEN COMPETITORS THE RULE:
EXCLUSION FROM THE SCOPE OF REGULATION 2790/99 2.292 THE EXCEPTION:
AGREEMENTS BETWEEN COMPETITORS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF REGULATION 2790/99
CONDITIONS 2.296 TURNOVER LIMIT 2.298 DUAL DISTRIBUTION 2.300 (2)
AGREEMENTS ENTERED INTO BY AN ASSOCIATION OF UNDERTAKINGS 2.302 3.
TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF REGULATION 2790/99 3.01 A.
ADDRESSEES OF REGULATION 2790/99 3.02 B. TERRITORIAL APPLICATION OF THE
PROHIBITION OF ARTICLE 81(1) EC AND REGULATION 2790/99 XIV CONTENTS (1)
VERTICAL AGREEMENTS WHICH RESTRICT COMPETITION IN THE EEA 3.05 (2)
VERTICAL AGREEMENTS ON EXPORTS OUTSIDE OR RE-IMPORTATION FROM OUTSIDE
THE EEA 3.06 (3) VERTICAL AGREEMENTS WITH HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS 3.15 4.
APPLICATION IN TIME OF REGULATION 2790/99 4.01 5. HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS
A. HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS AS 'OBJECT' 5.01 (1) DIFFERENT VIEWS ON DIE
'OBJECT' CONCEPT 5.04 (2) DIRECT IMPOSITION OF HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS
5.06 (3) INDIRECT IMPOSITION OF HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS 5.07 B.
TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF APPLICATION 5.10 C. ARTICLE 4(A)*VERTICAL PRICE
FIXING (1) THE PRINCIPLE OF THE PROHIBITION OF VERTICAL PRICE FIXING
5.11 ELIMINATION OR REDUCTION OF INTRA-BRAND COMPETITION 5.14 PRICE
TRANSPARENCY*HORIZONTAL COLLUSION 5.15 (2) DIFFERENT TYPES OF VERTICAL
PRICE FIXING DIRECT PRICE FIXING 5.19 INDIRECT PRICE FIXING 5.21 PRICE
MONITORING 5.22 (3) RECOMMENDED AND MAXIMUM PRICES 5.25 D. ARTICLE
4(B)*TERRITORIAL AND CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS 5.31 (1) THE RULE OF THE
PROHIBITION OF CUSTOMER AND TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS 5.35 RESTRICTIONS
IMPOSED ON BUYERS AND RESELLERS 5.36 RESTRICTIONS APPLYING IN THE EEA
5.37 DIRECT CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS 5.38 INDIRECT CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS
5.39 OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION FOR CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS 5.42 (2) FIRST
EXCEPTION: RESTRICTIONS ON ACTIVE SALES GENERAL 5.43 DEFINITION OF
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SALES ACTIVE SALES 5.46 PASSIVE SALES 5.48 ACTIVE V
PASSIVE SALES 5.49 SALES VIA THE INTERNET 5.51 RESTRICTIONS ON ACTIVE
SALES PRIOR TO REGULATION 2790/99 5.54 RESTRICTIONS ON ACTIVE SALES
ACCORDING TO REGULATION 2790/99 5.61 FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONS:
EXDUSIVITY AND THE PARALLEL IMPOSITION OF AN ACTIVE SALES RESTRICTION
5.62 XV CONTENTS THIRD CONDITION: NO LIMITATION OF SALES BY THE
CUSTOMERS OF THE BUYER 5.75 PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS 5.84 RESTRICTIONS ON
ACTIVE SALES TO AN EXCLUSIVE CUSTOMER GROUP ACCORDING TO REGULATION
2790/99 5.86 DIRECT SALES BY THE SUPPLIER 5.89 LOCATION CLAUSES 5.95 (3)
SECOND EXCEPTION: CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED ON WHOLESALERS 5.96 (4)
THIRD EXCEPTION: RESTRICTION OF SALES TO UNAUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTORS IN
THE CONTEXT OF A SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 5.99 (5) FOURTH
EXCEPTION: RESTRICTIONS ON THE RESALE OF COMPONENTS 5.102 (6) FINAL
COMMENTS ON THE EXCEPTIONS REGARDING THE PROHIBITION OF TERRITORIAL AND
CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS 5.110 E. TERRITORIAL AND CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS IN
THE CONTEXT OF A SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (1) GENERAL 5.111 (2)
LOCATION CLAUSES 5.116 (3) COMBINING EXCLUSIVE AND SELECTIVE
DISTRIBUTION 5.120 F. RESTRICTIONS ON THE SAELE OF SPARE PARTS 5.124 6.
THE NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION A. DEFINITION (1) THE NON-COMPETE
OBLIGATION*A BROAD DEFINITION 6.01 (2) THE NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION*A
NARROW DEFINITION 6.05 (3) THE EXCLUSIVE PURCHASE OBLIGATION 6.08 B.
CONDITIONS APPLICABLE TO NON-COMPETE OBLIGATIONS (1) NON-COMPETE
OBLIGATIONS DURING DIE TERM OF THE AGREEMENT 6.13 INDEFINITE DURATION
6.14 TACIT RENEWAL 6.15 EXPRESS RENEWAL 6.17 EXCEPTION 6.20 (2) THE
NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION AFTER TERMINATION OF THE AGREEMENT 6.23 (3)
NON-COMPETE OBLIGATIONS IMPOSED ON MEMBERS OF SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEMS 6.30 C. CONSEQUENCES IF THE CONDITIONS ARE NOT MET (1) THE
SEVERABILITY PRINCIPLE 6.33 (2) CONSEQUENCES FOR THE RELEVANT PROVISION
6.34 (3) THE DELIMITIS TEST 6.35 (4) CONSEQUENCES FOR THE REMAINING
PROVISIONS 6.41 XVI CONTENTS 7. FREQUENTLY USED DISTRIBUTION FORMULAS A.
INTRODUCTION 7.01 B. EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION 7.04 (1) TERRITORIAL
PROTECTION TERRITORIAL PROTECTION AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 7.05 TERRITORIAL
PROTECTION AGAINST ODIER DISTRIBUTORS 7.07 (2) TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS
7.08 (3) CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS 7.10 (4) NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 7.13 (5)
EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 7.14 C. NON-EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION (1) TERRITORIAL
PROTECTION TERRITORIAL PROTECTION AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 7.16 TERRITORIAL
PROTECTION AGAINST OTHER DISTRIBUTORS 7.18 (2) TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS
7.19 (3) CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS 7.21 (4) NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 7.23 (5)
EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 7.24 D. SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 7.25 (1) TERRITORIAL
PROTECTION TERRITORIAL PROTECTION AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 7.28 TERRITORIAL
PROTECTION AGAINST OTHER MEMBERS OF THE SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
7.29 (2) TETRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS 7.31 (3) CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS
END-USERS 7.33 RESELLERS 7.34 (4) NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 7.35 (5)
EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 7.37 E. FRANCHISING (1) GENERAL 7.38 IMPORTANCE OF
ARTICLE 2(3) OF REGULATION 2790/99 7.40 COMMERCIAL FRANCHISING 7.41
INDUSTRIAL FRANCHISING 7.42 (2) TERRITORIAL PROTECTION TERRITORIAL
PROTECTION AGAINST THE SUPPLIER 7.44 TERRITORIAL PROTECTION AGAINST
OTHER FRANCHISEES 7.45 (3) TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS 7.46 (4) CUSTOMER
RESTRICTIONS 7.47 (5) NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 7.48 (6) EXCLUSIVE
PURCHASING 7.50 XVII CONTENTS F. AGENCY (1) INTRODUCTION 7.52 AGENCY
UNDER DIE REGULATION 7.53 AGENCY UNDER THE GUIDELINES 7.55 COMMERCIAL
AGENCY DIRECTIVE 7.56 (2) AGENCY AGREEMENTS IN THE CASE LAW OF THE COURT
OF JUSTICE 7.59 (3) AGENCY AGREEMENTS UNDER THE GUIDELINES INTRODUCTION
7.63 THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN GENUINE AND NON-GENUINE AGENCY AGREEMENTS
7.66 COSTS OF SUPPLY (OR PURCHASE), INCLUDING TRANSPORTATION 7.71 SALES
PROMOTION 7.72 STOCKS 7.73 SERVICE 7.74 INVESTMENTS 7.75 PRODUCT
LIABILITY 7.76 LIABILITY FOR NON-PERFORMANCE BY THE CUSTOMER 7.77
CONSEQUENCES OF THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN GENUINE AND NON-GENUINE AGENCY
AGREEMENTS 7.80 (4) CLAUSES DEFINING THE PRICE AND OTHER CONDITIONS OF
SALE 7.84 (5) TERRITORIAL PROTECTION TERRITORIAL PROTECTION AGAINST THE
PRINCIPAL 7.88 TERRITORIAL PROTECTION AGAINST THE PRINCIPAL'S OTHER
AGENTS 7.90 (6) TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS 7.91 (7) CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS
7.94 (8) NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 7.95 8. SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENTS A.
INTRODUCTION 8.01 B. LEGAL FRAMEWORK 8.05 C. SUBCONTRACTING BETWEEN
COMPETITORS (1) METHODOLOGY: SIX QUESTIONS 8.12 (2) FIRST QUESTION: DOES
THE SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT COME WITHIN DIE SCOPE OF ARTICLE 81(1) EC?
8.13 (3) SECOND QUESTION: DOES THE SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT APPRECIABLY
RESTRICT COMPETITION IN DIE SENSE OF ARTICLE 81(1) EC? 8.14 (4) THIRD
QUESTION: IS THE SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT A TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
AGREEMENT COVERED BY THE TTBER? 8.16 (5) FOURDI QUESTION: IS DIE
SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT A UNILATERAL SPECIALIZATION AGREEMENT COVERED
BY REGULATION 2658/2000? 8.20 (6) FIFTH QUESTION: IS THE SUBCONTRACTING
AGREEMENT COVERED BY REGULATION 1400/2002 OR REGULATION 2790/99? 8.22
XVLLL CONTENTS (7) SIXTH QUESTION: ARE THE RESTRICTIONS OF COMPETITION
WHICH THE SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT CONTAINS ENFORCEABLE ACCORDING TO THE
HORIZONTAL GUIDELINES? 8.25 FORECLOSURE PROBLEMS 8.26 SPILL-OVER EFFECTS
8.28 D. SUBCONTRACTING BETWEEN NON-COMPETITORS (1) METHODOLOGY 8.32 (2)
FIRST QUESTION: DOES THE SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT COME WITHIN THE SCOPE
OF ARTICLE 81(1) EC? 8.33 (3) SECOND QUESTION: DOES THE SUBCONTRACTING
AGREEMENT APPRECIABLY AFFECT COMPETITION IN THE SENSE OF ARTICLE 81(1)
EC? GENERAL 8.34 SUBCONTRACTING BETWEEN NON-COMPETITORS ACCORDING TO THE
HORIZONTAL GUIDELINES 8.35 SUBCONTRACTING BETWEEN NON-COMPETITORS
ACCORDING TO THE SUBCONTRACTING NOTICE 8.37 SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENTS
BETWEEN NON-COMPETITORS ACCORDING TO DIE DE MINIMIS NOTICE 8.44 (4)
THIRD QUESTION: IS DIE SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT A TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
AGREEMENT COVERED BY THE TTBER? 8.47 (5) FOURTH QUESTION: IS THE
SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT COVERED BY REGULATION 1400/2002 OR REGULATION
2790/99? 8.50 THE REGIME OF REGULATION 2790/99 8.51 THE REGIME OF
REGULATION 1400/2002 8.54 (6) FIFTH QUESTION: ARE THE RESTRICTIONS OF
COMPETITION WHICH THE SUBCONTRACTING AGREEMENT CONTAINS ENFORCEABLE
PURSUANT TO DIE (VERTICAL) GUIDELINES? 8.57 (7) CONDUDING REMARKS 8.58
9. DISAPPLICATION AND WITHDRAWAL A. INTRODUCTION (1) BLOCK EXEMPTION
9.01 (2) CORRECTIVE MEASURES 9.02 B. DISAPPLICATION (1) PARALLEL
NETWORKS 9.03 (2) THE 50% RULE 9.04 (3) TRANSITION PERIOD 9.05 (4) NO
RETROACTIVE EFFECT 9.06 (5) DISAPPLICATION BY COMMISSION REGULATION 9.07
C. WITHDRAWAL (1) INDIVIDUAL AGREEMENTS 9.08 (2) WITHDRAWAL BY
COMMISSION DECISION 9.09 (3) NO RETROACTIVE EFFECT 9.10 XIX CONTENTS (4)
INAPPLICABILITY TO FUTURE AGREEMENTS 9.11 (5) WITHDRAWAL PROCEDURE 9.12
III VERTICAL AGREEMENTS OUTSIDE THE SCOPE OF REGULATION 2790/99 10.
VERTICAL AGREEMENTS FOR COMPANIES WITH A LARGE MARKET SHARE A.
INTRODUCTION 10.01 B. FREQUENTLY USED DISTRIBUTION FORMULAS (1)
EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION (2) NON-EXDUSIVE DISTRIBUTION (3) QUANTITATIVE
SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION (4) QUALITATIVE SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION (5)
FRANCHISING (6) AGENCY C. ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL VERTICAL RESTRAINTS
(1) STRUCTURE (2) GENERAL PRINCIPLES NO INDIVIDUAL EXEMPTION FOR
HARDCORE RESTRAINTS ABUSES OF DOMINANCE NOT ELIGIBLE FOR AN INDIVIDUAL
EXEMPTION MARKET POWER AS CENTRAL CONCEPT DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE
REDUCTION OF INTER-BRAND COMPERITION V INTRA-BRAND COMPETITION SUMMARY
(3) METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT (4) TERRITORIAL PROTECTION COMPETITIVE
CONCERNS REDUCTION OF INTRA-BRAND COMPETITION FORECLOSURE OF THE
PURCHASE MARKET FACILITATING COLLUSION MARKET PARTITIONING MEASUREMENT
OF RESTRICTIVE INTENSITY MARKET CHARACTERISTICS FEATURES OF THE VERTICAL
RESTRAINT EFFICIENCIES FREE-RIDER PROBLEM CERTIFICATION FREE-RIDER ISSUE
HOLD-UP PROBLEM ECONOMIES OF SCALE CONCRETE GUIDANCE (5) TERRITORIAL
RESTRICTIONS COMPETITIVE CONCERNS MEASUREMENT OF RESTRICTIVE INTENSITY
10.06 10.09 10.11 10.13 10.17 10.19 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 10.27 10.29
10.33 10.34 10.36 10.38 10.39 10.40 10.41 10.42 10.43 10.44 10.45 10.46
10.47 10.48 10.51 10.52 10.53 10.54 10.55 10.56 10.57 XX CONTENTS MARKET
CHARACTERISTICS FEATURES OF DIE VERTICAL RESTRAINT EFFICIENCIES CONCRETE
GUIDANCE (6) EXCLUSIVE CUSTOMER ALLOCATION COMPETITIVE CONCERNS
MEASUREMENT OF RESTRICTIVE INTENSITY MARKET CHARACTERISTICS FEATURES OF
THE VERTICAL RESTRAINT EFFICIENCIES CONCRETE GUIDANCE (7) CUSTOMER
RESTRICTIONS PROTECTION OF CUSTOMERS ALLOCATED TO OTHER DISTRIBUTORS
SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION (8) NON-COMPETE OBLIGATIONS AND QUANTITY FORCING
ON THE DISTRIBUTORS COMPETITIVE CONCERNS FORECLOSURE OF THE MARKET
FACILITATING COLLUSION REDUCTION OF INTER-BRAND COMPETITION MEASUREMENT
OF RESTRICTIVE INTENSITY MARKET CHARACTERISTICS FEATURES OF THE VERTICAL
RESTRAINT EFFICIENCIES FREE-RIDER PROBLEM HOLD-UP PROBLEM SPECIFIC
HOLD-UP PROBLEM ECONOMIES OF SCALE CAPITAL MARKET IMPERFECTIONS CONCRETE
GUIDANCE (9) EXCLUSIVE SUPPLY AND QUANTITY FORCING ON THE SUPPLIER
COMPETITIVE CONCERNS MEASUREMENT OF RESTRICTIVE INTENSITY MARKET
CHARACTERISTICS FEATURES OF THE VERTICAL RESTRAINT EFFICIENCIES CONCRETE
GUIDANCE (10) EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING COMPETITIVE CONCERNS MEASUREMENT OF
RESTRICTIVE INTENSITY MARKET CHARACTERISTICS FEATURES OF THE VERTICAL
RESTRAINT EFFICIENCIES CONCRETE GUIDANCE 10.58 10.59 10.60 10.61 10.62
10.64 10.66 10.67 10.68 10.69 10.72 10.73 10.75 10.76 10.77 10.78 10.79
10.80 10.81 10.82 10.89 10.92 10.93 10.94 10.95 10.96 10.97 10.98 10.99
10.102 10.103 10.104 10.110 10.111 10.112 10.113 10.114 10.116 10.117
10.119 10.120 10.121 XXI CONTENTS D. COMBINATIONS OF VERTICAL RESTRAINTS
10.122 (1) EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION AND TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS 10.124
(2) EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION AND NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 10.125 (3)
EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION AND EXCLUSIVE PURCHASING 10.127 (4) SELECTIVE
DISTRIBUTION AND NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 10.129 (5) SELECTIVE
DISTRIBUTION AND EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION 10.130 (6) SELECTIVE
DISTRIBUTION AND EXCLUSIVE CUSTOMER ALLOCATION 10.132 (7) EXCLUSIVE
SUPPLY AND NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 10.133 IV MOTOR VEHICLE DISTRIBUTION
UNDER REGULATION 1400/2002 11. THE MOTOR VEHIDE DISTRIBUTION BLOCK
EXEMPTION A. INTRODUCTION (1) HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 11.01 (2) A MORE
ECONOMIC AND LESS PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH 11.02 (3) AIMS OF REGULATION
1400/2002: RADICAL PROMOTION OF INTRA-BRAND COMPETITION 11.09 (4)
STRUCTURE OF REGULATION 1400/2002 11.13 ARTICLE 3 11.15 ARTICLE 4 11.19
ARTICLE 5 11.20 ARTICLES 6 TO 12 11.21 B. SCOPE OF APPLICATION (1) TYPE
OF AGREEMENTS COVERED 11.22 (2) APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE 81(1) EC 11.24
(3) VERTICAL AGREEMENTS 11.31 (4) PURCHASE, SALE, OR RESALE 11.36 (5)
THE RELEVANT GOODS AND SERVICES 11.37 NEW MOTOR VEHIDES 11.38 SPARE
PARTS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES 11.41 REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE SERVICES FOR MOTOR
VEHICLES 11.46 (6) TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF APPLICATION 11.47 (7)
APPLICATION RATIONE TEMPORIS 11.48 C. DISTRIBUTION FORMULAS 11.50 (1)
CALCULATION OF MARKET SHARES 11.52 (2) DEFINITION OF RELEVANT MARKETS
11.53 (3) MOTOR VEHICLES 11.56 (4) SPARE PARTS 11.63 (5) REPAIR AND
MAINTENANCE SERVICES 11.65 (6) CALCULATION METHOD 11.66 (7) DISTRIBUTION
FORMULAS: GENERAL OVERVIEW OF POSSIBILITIES 11.73 (8) DISTRIBUTION
FORMULAS: DEFINITION 11.77 XXII 11 11 11 11 11 11. 11. .78 .81 .84 .86
.88 .90 .99 11.105 CONTENTS SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION: GENERAL QUALITATIVE
SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION QUANTITATIVE SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION
FORMULAS OTHER THAN SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION D. CONDITIONS OF THE BLOCK
EXEMPTION (1) GENERAL (2) TRANSFER RIGHTS (3) TERM AND TERMINATION (4)
DISPUTE RESOLUTION E. HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS (1) GENERAL 11.109 (2)
HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS CONCERNING THE SALE OF NEW MOTOR VEHICLES, REPAIR
AND MAINTENANCE SERVICES, OR SPARE PARTS VERTICAL PRICE FIXING
TERRITORIAL AND CUSTOMER RESTRICTIONS TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS CUSTOMER
RESTRICTIONS PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS PROHIBITION OF REGISTRATION
REQUIREMENT REPAIR, WARRANTY, FREE SERVICING, RECALL ORDERING AND
DELIVERY SYSTEMS SALES TARGETS BONUSES ON CROSS-SUPPLIES INTERMEDIARIES
LEASING COMPANIES (3) HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS ONLY CONCERNING THE SALE OF
NEW MOTOR VEHICLES AVAILABILITY DAUSE SUBCONTRACTING REPAIR AND
MAINTENANCE SERVICES (4) HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS ONLY CONCERNING THE SALE
OF REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE SERVICES AND OF SPARE PARTS WORKSHOP-ONLY
SCENARIO SUPPLY OF SPARE PARTS TO INDEPENDENT REPAIRERS DIRECT SUPPLIES
BY PRODUCERS OF PARTS, EQUIPMENT, OR TOOLING ORIGINAL SPARE PARTS SPARE
PARTS OF MATCHING QUALITY FREEDOM OF DISTRIBUTORS OR REPAIRERS TO SOURCE
PARTS FROM DIIRD PARTIES TRADEMARK OR LOGO OF COMPONENT SUPPLIER F.
MANDATORY ACCESS TO TECHNICAL INFORMATION, TRAINING, TOOLS, AND
DIAGNOSTIC AND OTHER EQUIPMENT (1) OBJECT OF THE ACCESS RIGHTS TECHNICAL
INFORMATION XXIN 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11. 11, 11. 11.
11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. .112 .113 .115 .118 .119 .120
.121 .122 .124 .125 .126 .127 .128 .129 .130 .134 .141 142 145 148 151
152 155 159 161 163 164 CONTENTS TRAINING 11.165 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
11.166 (2) BENEFICIARIES 11.167 (3) PARTY SUBJECT TO THE OBLIGATION
11.169 (4) CONDITIONS 11.172 NON-DISCRIMINATION 11.174 PROMPT 11.175
PROPORTIONATE 11.176 G. SPECIFIC CONDITIONS 11.177 (1) NON-COMPETE
OBLIGATIONS 11.180 (2) STANDARD NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 11.181
BRAND-SPECIFIC AREAS 11.184 SEPARATE SHOWROOMS 11.185 BRAND-SPECIFIC
PERSONNEL 11.186 DISPLAY OF FUELL RAENGE 11.187 SEPARATE ENTRANCES 11.188
SEPARATE RECEPTION DESKS 11.189 CORPORATE IDENTITY 11.190 (3) EXTENDED
NON-COMPETE OBLIGATIONS 11.192 (4) QUASI NON-COMPETE OBLIGATIONS 11.197
(5) POST-TERM NON-COMPETE OBLIGATION 11.202 (6) LEASING SERVICES 11.203
(7) LOCATION CLAUSES 11.204 PASSENGER CARS AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES
11.205 TRUCKS AND BUSES 11.208 REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE 11.209 SPARE PARTS
11.211 H. NON-APPLICATION AND WITHDRAWAL 11.212 APPENDIX 1 COMMISSION
REGULATION (EC) NO 2790/1999 381 APPENDIX 2 COMMISSION NOTICE*GUIDELINES
ON VERTICAL RESTRAINTS (2000/C 29101) 388 APPENDIX 3 COMMISSION
REGULATION (EC) NO 1400/2002 437 INDEX 453 XXIV |
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| author | Wijckmans, Frank Tuytschaever, Filip Vanderelst, Alain |
| author_facet | Wijckmans, Frank Tuytschaever, Filip Vanderelst, Alain |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Wijckmans, Frank |
| author_variant | f w fw f t ft a v av |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021497053 |
| callnumber-first | K - Law |
| callnumber-label | KJE6478 |
| callnumber-raw | KJE6478 |
| callnumber-search | KJE6478 |
| callnumber-sort | KJE 46478 |
| classification_rvk | PS 3760 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)65341093 (DE-599)BVBBV021497053 |
| dewey-full | 343.24/0721 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 343 - Military, tax, trade & industrial law |
| dewey-raw | 343.24/0721 |
| dewey-search | 343.24/0721 |
| dewey-sort | 3343.24 3721 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | EU-landen gtt Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
| geographic_facet | EU-landen Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
| id | DE-604.BV021497053 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:14:20Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:37:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0199285810 9780199285815 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014713816 |
| oclc_num | 65341093 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-M382 DE-12 DE-29 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-M382 DE-12 DE-29 DE-11 |
| physical | XXXVIII, 464 S. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Oxford Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Wijckmans, Frank Verfasser aut Vertical agreements in EC competition law Frank Wijckmans ; Filip Tuytschaever ; Alain Vanderelst Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2006 XXXVIII, 464 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Europees recht gtt Mededingingsrecht gtt Verticale prijsbinding gtt Europarecht Recht Distributors (Commerce) Legal status, laws, etc. European Union countries Exclusive contracts European Union countries Marketing, Vertical Law and legislation European Union countries Restraint of trade European Union countries Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 gnd rswk-swf Kartellrecht (DE-588)4029788-3 gnd rswk-swf Vertriebsvertrag (DE-588)4345421-5 gnd rswk-swf Handelsrecht (DE-588)4023249-9 gnd rswk-swf Vertikale Bindung (DE-588)4121871-1 gnd rswk-swf EU-landen gtt Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Kartellrecht (DE-588)4029788-3 s Vertikale Bindung (DE-588)4121871-1 s Handelsrecht (DE-588)4023249-9 s Vertriebsvertrag (DE-588)4345421-5 s Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 s 1\p DE-604 Tuytschaever, Filip Verfasser aut Vanderelst, Alain Verfasser aut GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014713816&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Wijckmans, Frank Tuytschaever, Filip Vanderelst, Alain Vertical agreements in EC competition law Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Europees recht gtt Mededingingsrecht gtt Verticale prijsbinding gtt Europarecht Recht Distributors (Commerce) Legal status, laws, etc. European Union countries Exclusive contracts European Union countries Marketing, Vertical Law and legislation European Union countries Restraint of trade European Union countries Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 gnd Kartellrecht (DE-588)4029788-3 gnd Vertriebsvertrag (DE-588)4345421-5 gnd Handelsrecht (DE-588)4023249-9 gnd Vertikale Bindung (DE-588)4121871-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4121924-7 (DE-588)4029788-3 (DE-588)4345421-5 (DE-588)4023249-9 (DE-588)4121871-1 |
| title | Vertical agreements in EC competition law |
| title_auth | Vertical agreements in EC competition law |
| title_exact_search | Vertical agreements in EC competition law |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Vertical agreements in EC competition law |
| title_full | Vertical agreements in EC competition law Frank Wijckmans ; Filip Tuytschaever ; Alain Vanderelst |
| title_fullStr | Vertical agreements in EC competition law Frank Wijckmans ; Filip Tuytschaever ; Alain Vanderelst |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vertical agreements in EC competition law Frank Wijckmans ; Filip Tuytschaever ; Alain Vanderelst |
| title_short | Vertical agreements in EC competition law |
| title_sort | vertical agreements in ec competition law |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Europees recht gtt Mededingingsrecht gtt Verticale prijsbinding gtt Europarecht Recht Distributors (Commerce) Legal status, laws, etc. European Union countries Exclusive contracts European Union countries Marketing, Vertical Law and legislation European Union countries Restraint of trade European Union countries Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 gnd Kartellrecht (DE-588)4029788-3 gnd Vertriebsvertrag (DE-588)4345421-5 gnd Handelsrecht (DE-588)4023249-9 gnd Vertikale Bindung (DE-588)4121871-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Europees recht Mededingingsrecht Verticale prijsbinding Europarecht Recht Distributors (Commerce) Legal status, laws, etc. European Union countries Exclusive contracts European Union countries Marketing, Vertical Law and legislation European Union countries Restraint of trade European Union countries Wettbewerbsrecht Kartellrecht Vertriebsvertrag Handelsrecht Vertikale Bindung EU-landen Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014713816&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wijckmansfrank verticalagreementsineccompetitionlaw AT tuytschaeverfilip verticalagreementsineccompetitionlaw AT vanderelstalain verticalagreementsineccompetitionlaw |