Mogilʹnik Soloncy-5: kulʹtura pogrebennych neolita Altaja ; monografija
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| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Russian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Barnaul
Barnaulʹskij Jur. Inst. MVD Rossii
2005
|
| Ausgabe: | Aufl.: 400 Ex. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., russ. |
| Beschreibung: | 128 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 5945520403 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Kungurova, Natalʹja Ju. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Mogilʹnik Soloncy-5 |b kulʹtura pogrebennych neolita Altaja ; monografija |c N. Ju. Kungurova |
| 250 | |a Aufl.: 400 Ex. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Barnaul |b Barnaulʹskij Jur. Inst. MVD Rossii |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a 128 S. |b zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a In kyrill. Schr., russ. | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Neolithikum |0 (DE-588)4075272-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Funde |0 (DE-588)4071507-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Bestattung |0 (DE-588)4006054-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Mogil'nik Soloncy |g 5 |0 (DE-588)7617826-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Mogil'nik Soloncy |g 5 |0 (DE-588)7617826-2 |D g |
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| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Neolithikum |0 (DE-588)4075272-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Funde |0 (DE-588)4071507-3 |D s |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014712712&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
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| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 200.9 |e 22/bsb |f 09012 |g 57 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135224923127808 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Содержание
Введение
.................................................................................................................3
Глава
1
Географическая характеристика и история исследований
микрорайона
...............................................................................................5
1.1.
География микрорайона
.........................................................................5
1.2.
История исследования
............................................................................6
Глава
2
Описание памятников в устье реки Чапшушки и погребений
могильника Солонцы-5
...........................................................................8
2.1.
Грунтовый могильник Пильно-2
...........................................................8
2.2.
Поселение Солонцы-2
............................................................................8
2.3.
Грунтовый могильник Солонцы-5
........................................................14
Глава
3
Сопроводительный инвентарь погребений
.....................................18
3.1.
Костяной инвентарь
................................................................................18
3.2.
Каменный инвентарь
..............................................................................19
Глава
4
Обрядовая практика погребения
........................................................24
Глава
5
Украшения одежды и костюм в погребениях населения
северных предгорий Алтая....
................................................................38
5.1.
Описание расположения нашивок в погребениях могильника
Солонцы-5
...................................................................!..........................................38
5.2.
Особенности украшений одежды погребенных разных половозраст¬
ных категорий в могильниках кузнецко-алтайской группы
.............................42
5.3.
Реконструкция одежды и ее элементов. Этнографические
параллели
................................................................................................................43
5.3.1.
Украшент костюма в
oicencKUx
погребениях
.............................43
5.3.2.
Украшения костюма в мужских погребениях
.............................48
Глава
6
Культурно-хронологическое соотношение
в «культуре погребенных»
....................................................................51
Список литературы
................................................................................................58
Список сокращений
........ .......................................................................................64
Summary
..................................................................................................................65
Приложения
............................................................................................................72
127
Summary
The Solontsy-5 burial ground is situated on the left bank of the Biya River, on
the remnant of a river terrace elevated up to
50
m
above the river surface, at a con¬
fluence of this river with a small river of the Chapshushka (Fig.
1, 2)
in the Altai
Territory.
■
Burials were found in the course of excavations of a multi-layered settlement
site; the lowermost layer at the site yielded ceramic goods of the Bolshoi
Mys
type.
The graves were identified at a IovqI of
0.60-0.7Ó
m
from the current surface. Spots
of grave filling were absent, therefore it was not possible to trace the ancient surface
by which the cemetery was established. The cemetery consisted of nine graves
forming two lines stretching from northwest to southeast. Each line contained buri¬
als of a particular gender. The dead were oriented with their heads to the northeast
or to the east. Seven graves displayed the single burial rite; the body is extended in
supine position, with the arms stretched alongside the body. Two graves revealed a
different burial rite : the body in supine position, with the legs flexed and pulled
down to the left. These two graves did not contain grave goods. Infants were buried
in graves
1,
5a
6,
and
8,
probably within the same gender lines as the adults.
According to Chikisheva s identifications, one line contained male burials
(graves ls
3-5, 7).
Grave
1
occupied the easternmost position in the line. Grave
goods recovered from this grave comprised many items related to hunting and fish¬
ingas well as stone tool manufacturing
(178
imp.). Grave
7,
situated next to grave
1,
yielded a rich collection of dress decoration plates, which differentiates it from other
graves of this cemetery. These two men might have belonged to some special rank
in society. The second line comprises female burials (graves
2,6, 8,
and
9)
(Fig.
17).
The Solontsy-5 cemetery yielded homogeneous grave goods including long
stone and bone composite knives and decoration items: animal teeth, and bone and
mother-of-pearl plates, which were sewn on the garments. Graves of the Solontsy-5
cemetery presents crucial information for understanding the processes of cultural
transformation and inter-relationships. The Solontsy-5 burial site yielded numerous
graves with clothing adornments. The grave good kit needs special analysis and re¬
construction.
The Solontsy-5 burial site combines a rich variety of the funeral ceremony
elements
(Tabi.
2, 3).
In the burial ground the following elements of the funeral
ceremony has been revealed:
1.
General orientation of the dead
-
the head to the south-east.
2.
The buried were grouped in two lines, focused along the axis of north
-
west-south-east.
3.
The ceremony of inhumation and two-stage burial.
■ 4.
The ceremonies of second burial and body partition.
5,
Sexual differentiation of the ceremony.
65
Могильник
Сопонцы-б.
Культура
погребенных неолита Алтая
_____________________
6.
Placement of accompanying goods in tombs.
7.
The ceremonies of purification by fire , returning of vital force and
closing of vital way
. .-,·,„
8.
Uncharacteristic traditions: a ceremony of position of hands
,
a ceremony
,of flexed burials, a ceremony of placing the dead bodies on each other.
The order of arrangement of bone tabs on bodies is of great interest for recon¬
structing and studying the ancient costume traditional for this cultural community.
The combinations of arrangement of bone tabs on male and female clothes are dif¬
ferent. The differences also have been marked inside sex-age groups. The explana¬
tions of them have been found after studying the earlier found Kuznetsk-Altay mate¬
rials of burials in Ust-Isha, the Bolshoy
Mys,
the Kaminnaya Cave and other Neo¬
lithic burial sites.
.m
Solontsy-5 there is the biggest and the most steady systematic group of
bone tabs
-
female infant-teenager group that consisting of three girls (burial sites
6,
8).
Close to them there is a double female burial
17
which has been found by V. I.
Molodin on the burial site Bolshoy
Mys.
The Solontsy-5 graves that yielded skele¬
tons I women aged between
45-50
and
60
(Kungurova,
2002)
contained no or rare
decorations. At the Ust-Isha burial site, the graves of old women also yielded no or
few decorations
(řviryushin, Kungurova,
Kadikov,
2000).
The decorative sets in the
female graves of the Salair-Altai region were arranged in a special order. The ar¬
rangement, order can be traced using the preserved ornamental bands and zones. An
analysis of the order of the decorative compositions showed that motifs corre¬
sponded to specific age categories. Thus, the burials of girls
ät
the Solontsy-5 burial
site revealed established combinations of decorations in the form of horizontal
bands located above the knee joints and on the upper portions of thigh bones (below
hipbones) and a composition of flat beads and small round beads on the chest com¬
bined with a vertical strip of decorations (Fig.
43,48).
The age of the deceased girls
ranges from
7
to
12,
This period in the life cycle was supposed to end in an impor¬
tant event
—
initiation, which signified the transition
ířom
childhood to womanhood
(Otkrovenie...,
1997).
The girls of the aboriginal peoples of Siberia and America
underwent the initiation ceremony at the age of
12-14,
when the menarche (first
menstruation) occurred. From this moment, a new period of life started and a girl
was ready to perform reproduction functions (La Flesche,
1939;
Semeihaya obryad-
nost...3
1980).
After the initiation ceremony, a girl could get married. A stable and
uniform arrangement of decorations found with all women
ofthat
age indicates the
existence of a special dress code, typical of the first age category of women.
The clothing style of young adult women can be studied by the results of ex¬
cavations of the Bolshoy
Mys
burial site, grave
17,
and at Kaminnaya Cave. The
burials at Bolshoy
Mys
yielded decorative bands that lay over the upper portions of
the thigh bones. Above the knee joints of a
25
year-old woman there were pieces of
mollusk shells, two on each side. These pieces were used instead of the decorative
bands. Thus, the juvenile and adult costumes have similar features, as well as no-
ticeab
e
differences. The adult females had what were probably belts and did not
have the decorative bands on the lower portions of the thigh bones.
66
Summary
The following age category includes elderly women. The burials of elderly
women at the Altai burial sites contamed almost no decorations. Burials of elderly
females that yielded abundant decorations were found in the Kuznetsk Basin (Le-
bedi-2) and the piedmonts of Eastern Kazakhstan (Menovnoe XT).
As ethnographic data have shown, the traditional material for making clothes
was leather. The bands of decorations found on the legs of the girls buried at the So-
Iontsy-5 site (see Fig.
ЗО,
33,)
correspond to a selvedge that finished the edges of
clothes worn on legs (Fig.
44).
A common piece of the Siberian female costume is
nogovitsy (a piece of costume worn like stockings) that Were attached to natazniU
(short tight trousers). The nogovitsy is a long boot-stocking reaching
tö
the knee or
even higher. In the Yakut costume, the nogovitsy were decorated with leather
ap¬
pliques
and small beads (Gavrilieva,
1998;
Selskomu
uchitelyu...,
1983: 169).
The
Scythian peoples of Gorny Altai also decorated the edges of long female stockings
(Polosmak,
2001),
It is also possible that the upper garment of the girls buried at So:
lontsy-5 reached the nogovitsy s decorative band or was even below this band. In the
burials of young females
(23-25
years old) the band identified with the nogovitsy s
decoration is absent. This is due to the fact that the upper garment of adult females
was longer than that of juvenile girls. The nogovitsy of young woman were deco¬
rated with only a few pieces. It is now impossible to determine whether the nogo¬
vitsy s edges were decorated with embroidery or
applique or
to trace the hem ac¬
cording to the decorations found in graves.
The burial costume of people buried at the Solontsy-5 site probably included
a headdress with an ornament placed at the back of the head. The Dolgans and
Evenks headdress is a wide band that encircled the head around the forehead and
cheeks. The headdress has an arc-shaped insertion used to hold the band. The inser¬
tion was also decorated. The Evenks had a headdress with
ari
arc-shaped embroi¬
dered ornament. The ends of the arc were twisted inside (Natsionalnaya odezhda...,
1994).
The Yakut headdress (diabak) has a lyre-shaped or heart-shaped figure with
volutes at the center (Gavrilieva,1998). The ornamental motif found under the skull
in grave
6
(see
Foto
12)
is similar to an adornment made of musk deer canines with
their sharp ends turned upward (see Fig.
7, 2).
The figurine was found under the
skull of a one and a half year old child in grave
1
at the same burial site. A similar
figurine made of marmot incisors was found near the wrist of a woman buried at
Kamirmaya Cave (see Fig.
42,).
The color of clothes is of special interest. It is now impossible to reconstruct
the original color. The decorative tabs found in grave
6
that constituted the orna¬
mental band on the chest of the upper garment were of different, probably contrast¬
ing colors: light (bone) and black (black paint)
(Foto
10-12).
The ornament of small beads of contrasting colors has been preserved in the
traditional costumes of the Siberian and American peoples of the
1701-2001
centu¬
ries. The ornament was a pictogram, and all its elements had symbolic meaning. The
decorative elements
sevra on
garments composed symbolic images that contained
messages and depicted various scenes. The main idea of these ornaments was to as¬
sist the owner in his deeds and protect him/her ftom evil forces. The Siberian peo-
67
Могильник
Солонцы-5.
Культура
погребенных неолита Алтая
______________________
ples
imparted a sacred meaning to hunter s belts and aprons. Similarly to the bo-
quois s vampum, the Siberian peoples used a symbolic system of strung beads,
shells, etc. (Franklin,
1979: 56-57)..
The descriptive elements of me costume
among the Siberian peoples were forehead bands and garters (Anuchin,
1914;
Zhukova,
1999).
Zhukova, who studied the symbolics of the Yukagir costume,
noted that the symbolic sign system was important in the ornamentation of aprons.
The compositions of beads of contrasting colors can even contain encrypted per¬
sonal nicknames and small songs.
The system of decorating men s clothes differed from women s ones. The
general tendency of distributing bone tabs in men s burials of Altai is their place¬
ment over all body above hips along its left side (Fig.
49).
Among all men s burials
of the Altay burial sites only in burial
7
(burial site Solontsy-5) the structure of the
costume is well expressed (Fig.
34).
Its basic details are wide bands decorated with
bone tabs and pendants made of animal teeth: a belt band, a band from the shoulder
to the knee, a decorative band on the lower edge of the back part of the costume, a
band on the left sleeve and pendants made of teeth along hands and hips
(Foto
13,
14).
The band reminds a scaly armor of the warrior by its way of fastening the
plates. The plates on the band were fixed in horizontal lines: the subsequent line
covered the previous. The belt and the bracelet were decorated in the same way
(Fig,
45).
The bracelet must have served as archer s shield for protecting the left
hand from bowstring blows. Similar shields but made of horn plates were found in
medieval burials on the left hand wrists (Medvedev,
1966,
p.
25).
The direction of
the plates overlapping on the bracelet is turned to the side of return sliding of a bow¬
string. On the band of the costume the plates are inverted from the shoulder to the
chest following the direction of enemy s arrow movement when hitting the shoulder
unprotected when shooting (Fig.
46).
However, these facts can create only one of
.
the versions interpreting the purpose of the band with bone tabs.
Ь
American bdian
costumes
öf
the warriors of the Great Plains the bands sewed on clothes were widely
used as well. The bands were densely decorated by large horse beads protecting
from sliding knife blows and arrows and playing a role of an armor (Kotenko,
1997,
p.
128).
The wide belt consisting of plates had a protective function in male cloth¬
ing. Between the thigh bones of the man one can distinctly trace the band consisting
of three lines of bone tabs which formed the hem s edge. The wild goat s teeth pen¬
dants hung from the edge. The band s edges were under the knees which meant that
the hem s band was only on the back suggesting long back part of the clothing simi¬
lar to Evenk, or Scythian tail-coat. A prototype of a hanging back cloth could be a
loincloth similar to American bdians . The described element of clothes must.be Hie
reason of the congestion of the split teeth of a noble deer, the pendants in me area of
the
pubis
and under it in the man s burial
1.
Bone tabs were distributed below
pubis
bones jutting out (Fig.
41,1; 47).
Beads made from large teeth of
animais
(maral,
musk-deer) were found
uľT
Эе
-f
Cl? Of
шеп
from
Ље
burial sites
1
and
7
from Solontsy-5 (Fig.
34,
41,2).
Similar bone tabs decorated the neck of clothes or neck grivna of Indian
leaders and shamans. Side seams of clothes on arms and on legs above knees were
68
Summary
trimmed by pendants from animal teeth, and below there must have been nogovitsy
(a piece of costume worn like stockings) which were not decorated with stone labs.
In the majority of Siberian peoples men wore knee-long and longer nogovitsy. The
burial sites
1
and
7
have been noted for decorating the edges of the long slit on the
right sleeve. The long slit on the right sleeve may ailow to bend the hand freely
when tightening the bowstring.
A comparative morphological analysis of the grave goods
йот
graves suggests
its similarity and even identity with other culturally and chronologically similar ar¬
chaeological objects from the Kuznetsk Basin and Gorny Altai as well as with the Kitoi
and the Serovo objects from the Cis-Baikal region and the Lena River basin.
Bone harpoons with transverse grooves between the barbs (Fig.
24)
were
noted on analogous implements from the Kiunkiu site on the Amga in the Aldan and
the Lena
basm
in Yakutia (Arkheologicheskie pamiamiki...,
1983:364).
Bone composite fishing hooks with rounded hafts (Fig.
24)
have been re¬
ported from the Verholenskiy cemetery and are considered diagnostic for the Kitoi
Culture of the Lena River basin and designated as
thè
Verholenskiy type (Oklad-
nikov,
1978: 86-87,100).
Stone holders of composite fishing hooks recovered from Solontsy-5
(Foto
7)
display a shape similar to mat noted for the Kitoi hooks, in particular, both types
have special perforations, in which spikes were inserted, and protruding ears. Such
implements represent an indispensable item of the Kitoi grave goods (Geor-
gievskaya,
1989: 36, 40, 74).
In the Altai, such hooks have been recovered from
solitary burials. For instance, the Nizhnerytkeskenskaya
í
collection yielded eight
such hooks (Kiryushin, Kungurov, Stepanova,
1995:34-35).
Grave
1
at the Ust-Isha
burial ground yielded three hook lithic parts of various sizes, just as grave
1
at So¬
lontsy-5.
,
Points made of musk-deer s canine teeth and exhibiting barbs and cut marks
(see Fig.
26,. 36)
have been noted among grave goods from the Nizhhetytkesken-
skaya I site and from various burial sites of the Kitoi Culture (Okladriikov,
3950:
369;
Georgievskaya,
1989: 82, 84).
Some adornment pieces bear incised patterns in
the form of shaded triangles. Geometric patterns have also been noted on bone im¬
plements from the Ust-Belaya settlement (Georgievskaya,
1989: 85, 86),
from the
Kitoi burial ground (Okladnikov,
1950: 387-390),
and from a needle case recovered
from grave
612
of axe Early Metal period located at the
Sopka
2/3
burial ground
(Molodin,
2001:77, 79).
Another specific characteristic feature of the Solontsy bur¬
ial rite is the arrangement of tools and. flakes in clusters. This feature is also typical
of the Kitoi burial rite and has not been noted at burials of the Serovo Culture. The
cpllection of grave goods recovered from Solontsy-5 graves shows considerable
similarity with grave good sets from burials of Gorny Altai and Kuznetsk Basin
suggesting a close resemblance of the relevant cultural traditions. Large stone and
bone composite daggers are most numerous and typical for burial sites located over
this territory. Other characteristic features typical for this area are: harpoon heads
with unilateral location of barbs; lithic holders of fishing hooks with a cut in the
middle portion of the body and protruding ears, and a rich set of garment decora¬
tions made of animal teeth and bones.
69
Могильник Солонцы-5.
Культура
погребенных неолита Алтая
______________________
Stone daggers are characteristic neither for Kitoy nor for Serovo complexes.
Such things are typical only for Kuznetsk-Altay Neolithic. In particular, only in the
Altay series the long narrow type is found (Fig.
37,40).
Bone composite daggers (Fig.
38, 39)
are widely distributed in the Altay se¬
ries, one is found in the Upper Irtysh in the mouth of the Narym River. In Tomsk
burial grounds they are almost not known. It can be asserted that this category of
things pulls together the Altay group with the Serov group.
,
The burial site Soloritsy-5 is related to the Kuznetsk-Altay culture of the
population that left the following burial grounds and separate burials: Ust-Isha, the
Kaminnaya Cave, Nizhnetytkeskenskaya Cave, Kuznetskii and Lebedy-2. The bur¬
ial ground the Bolshoy
Mys
differs from those burial grounds, but includes burial
17
with Kusnetsk-Altay attributes (Kiryushin, Kungurova, Kadikov,
2000).
Allocation
of the funeral complexes covers the territory adjoining the mountain area and north¬
ern foothills of Altai. In the mountains of Altai only single burial places were found
in caves; burial grounds are known in the foothill area
-
between the Biya and the
Katun rivers and in the valley of the Tom River.
By the present moment in the laboratory of geology and paleoclimatology of
Kainozoik era of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science Doctor of
Geological Science LA.
Orlova
prepared radiocarbon datings of bones from the
burials of Kuznetsk-Altay burial sites and the burial ground Bolshoy
Mys
(Table
4).
In connection with these dating all burial grounds existed during one period of time:
in the middle
-
the beginning of the 4th millennium
ВС.
Synchronism of the burial
grounds explains the presence of burial
17
and non-standard burials in the burial
ground Bolshoy
Mys
and in the burial grounds Ust-Isha and Solontsy-5 which were
carried out similarly to the ceremony of Bolshoy
Mys. V.A.Dryomov
has noted that
the skeletons from burials
б
and
7
from Ust-Isha are of smaller weight, with very
long and moderately wide faces, sharp profile and sharply protruding nose. These
attributes differentiate the majority of the Mediterranean groups from the Paleo-
Siberian (Dryomov,
1980,
p.
42).
The population that left the burial site Bolshoy
Mys
may have had contacts
with the population that left the burials of the Kuznetsk-Altay culture. Anthropo¬
logical distinctions between the groups can be explained by the components that
participated in genesis of their formation. T.V. Chikisheva has paid attention to dis¬
tinctions between the group of population of Ust-Isha, Bolshoy
Mys
and the series
from the burials of Kaminnaya and Nizhnetytkeskenskaya caves and the burial site
Solontsy-5. The first group reveals the features of Paleo-Siberian racial type (pecu¬
liar to
lhe
population of Pribaikalye), the second shows the greatest affinity to the
component represented by skulls from the Middle Yenisei, in its own way distin¬
guished from Paleo-Siberian type (Chikisheva,
2000,
p.
143).
According to
arche¬
ologie
criteria the culture of Bolshoy
Mys
differs from the Kuznetsk-Altay culture,
that allows us to speak about two groups of the population that could have made the
ethnic entity formed by marriage ties. It is possible that the Kuznetsk-Altay culture
represents
ι
a rather wide ethnic formation including several- interconnected cultural
groups which have been singled out on the basis of archeological materials (the
70
Summary
most important
-
ceramics) of settlements. The basis of this entity can not be seen as
only the features of separate culture, for example, the Bolshoy
Mys
culture. Each of
the components demands studying.
The materials of the burial site Solontsy-5 synthesized the elements of mate¬
rial culture and funeral traditions. The presence of elements of the Pribaikalye cul¬
tures results from migration processes of the population to the West and their set¬
tling in the valleys of the Katun and the Biya, in the Tom s valley with the subse¬
quent interaction with the local population. Mixed and transformed components of
the migrants culture could have entered the culture of Salair-Altai. The archeologi-
cal researches have repeatedly fixed the attributes of cultural symbiosis of the new
entities diagnosed on the basis of many components and variety of material culture
elements, especially, instability of burial rituals. The incompatible differences of the
grave goods in the Kuznetsk-Altay burial sites and the subjects from the settlements
can also display symbiosis of the cultures. In the burials old tribal traditions are kept
but in everyday life there was adaptation to local conditions and raw materials.
71
|
| adam_txt |
Содержание
Введение
.3
Глава
1
Географическая характеристика и история исследований
микрорайона
.5
1.1.
География микрорайона
.5
1.2.
История исследования
.6
Глава
2
Описание памятников в устье реки Чапшушки и погребений
могильника Солонцы-5
.8
2.1.
Грунтовый могильник Пильно-2
.8
2.2.
Поселение Солонцы-2
.8
2.3.
Грунтовый могильник Солонцы-5
.14
Глава
3
Сопроводительный инвентарь погребений
.18
3.1.
Костяной инвентарь
.18
3.2.
Каменный инвентарь
.19
Глава
4
Обрядовая практика погребения
.24
Глава
5
Украшения одежды и костюм в погребениях населения
северных предгорий Алтая.
.38
5.1.
Описание расположения нашивок в погребениях могильника
Солонцы-5
.!.38
5.2.
Особенности украшений одежды погребенных разных половозраст¬
ных категорий в могильниках кузнецко-алтайской группы
.42
5.3.
Реконструкция одежды и ее элементов. Этнографические
параллели
.43
5.3.1.
Украшент костюма в
oicencKUx
погребениях
.43
5.3.2.
Украшения костюма в мужских погребениях
.48
Глава
6
Культурно-хронологическое соотношение
в «культуре погребенных»
.51
Список литературы
.58
Список сокращений
.'.64
Summary
.65
Приложения
.72
127
Summary
The Solontsy-5 burial ground is situated on the left bank of the Biya River, on
the remnant of a river terrace elevated up to
50
m
above the river surface, at a con¬
fluence of this river with a small river of the Chapshushka (Fig.
1, 2)
in the Altai
Territory.
■
Burials were found in the course of excavations of a multi-layered settlement
site; the lowermost layer at the site yielded ceramic goods of the Bolshoi
Mys
type.
The graves were identified at a IovqI of
0.60-0.7Ó
m
from the current surface. Spots
of grave filling were absent, therefore it was not possible to trace the ancient surface
by which the cemetery was established. The cemetery consisted of nine graves
forming two lines stretching from northwest to southeast. Each line contained buri¬
als of a particular gender. The dead were oriented with their heads to the northeast
or to the east. Seven graves displayed the single burial rite; the body is extended in
supine position, with the arms stretched alongside the body. Two graves revealed a
different burial rite": the body in supine position, with the legs flexed and pulled
down to the left. These two graves did not contain grave goods. Infants were buried
in graves
1,
5a
6,
and
8,
probably within the same gender lines as the adults.
According to Chikisheva's identifications, one line contained male burials
(graves ls
3-5, 7).
Grave
1
occupied the easternmost position in the line. Grave
goods recovered from this grave comprised many items related to hunting and fish¬
ingas well as stone tool manufacturing
(178
imp.). Grave
7,
situated next to grave
1,
yielded a rich collection of dress decoration plates, which differentiates it from other
graves of this cemetery. These two men might have belonged to some special rank
in society. The second line comprises female burials (graves
2,6, 8,
and
9)
(Fig.
17).
The Solontsy-5 cemetery yielded homogeneous grave goods including long
stone and bone composite knives and decoration items: animal teeth, and bone and
mother-of-pearl plates, which were sewn on the garments. Graves of the Solontsy-5
cemetery presents crucial information for understanding the processes of cultural
transformation and inter-relationships. The Solontsy-5 burial site yielded numerous
graves with clothing adornments. The grave good kit needs special analysis and re¬
construction.
The Solontsy-5 burial site combines a rich variety of the funeral ceremony
elements
(Tabi.
2, 3).
In the burial ground the following elements of the funeral
ceremony has been revealed:
1.
General orientation of the dead
-
the head to the south-east.
2.
The buried were grouped in two lines, focused along the axis of north
-
west-south-east.
'3.
The ceremony of inhumation and two-stage burial.
■ 4.
The ceremonies of second burial and body partition.
5,
Sexual differentiation of the ceremony.
65
Могильник
Сопонцы-б.
Культура
погребенных неолита Алтая
_
6.
Placement of accompanying goods in tombs.
7.
The ceremonies of "purification by fire", "returning of vital force" and
"closing of vital way"
. .-,·,„
8.
Uncharacteristic traditions: a ceremony of "position of hands
,
a ceremony
,of flexed burials, a ceremony of placing the dead bodies on each other.
The order of arrangement of bone tabs on bodies is of great interest for recon¬
structing and studying the ancient costume traditional for this cultural community.
The combinations of arrangement of bone tabs on male and female clothes are dif¬
ferent. The differences also have been marked inside sex-age groups. The explana¬
tions of them have been found after studying the earlier found Kuznetsk-Altay mate¬
rials of burials in Ust-Isha, the Bolshoy
Mys,
the Kaminnaya Cave and other Neo¬
lithic burial sites.
.m
Solontsy-5 there is the biggest and the most steady systematic group of
bone tabs
-
female infant-teenager group that consisting of three girls (burial sites
6,
8).
Close to them there is a double female burial
17
which has been found by V. I.
Molodin on the burial site Bolshoy
Mys.
The Solontsy-5 graves that yielded skele¬
tons I women aged between
45-50
and
60
(Kungurova,
2002)
contained no or rare
decorations. At the Ust-Isha burial site, the graves of old women also yielded no or
few decorations
(řviryushin, Kungurova,
Kadikov,
2000).
The decorative sets in the
female graves of the Salair-Altai region were arranged in a special order. The ar¬
rangement, order can be traced using the preserved ornamental bands and zones. An
analysis of the order of the decorative compositions showed that motifs corre¬
sponded to specific age categories. Thus, the burials of girls
ät
the Solontsy-5 burial
site revealed established combinations of decorations in the form of horizontal
bands located above the knee joints and on the upper portions of thigh bones (below
hipbones) and a composition of flat beads and small round beads on the chest com¬
bined with a vertical strip of decorations (Fig.
43,48).
The age of the deceased girls
ranges from
7
to
12,
This period in the life cycle was supposed to end in an impor¬
tant event
—
initiation, which signified the transition
ířom
childhood to womanhood
(Otkrovenie.,
1997).
The girls of the aboriginal peoples of Siberia and America
underwent the initiation ceremony at the age of
12-14,
when the menarche (first
menstruation) occurred. From this moment, a new period of life started and a girl
was ready to perform reproduction functions (La Flesche,
1939;
Semeihaya obryad-
nost.3
1980).
After the initiation ceremony, a girl could get married. A stable and
uniform arrangement of decorations found with all women
ofthat
age indicates the
existence of a special dress code, typical of the first age category of women.
The clothing style of young adult women can be studied by the results of ex¬
cavations of the Bolshoy
Mys
burial site, grave
17,
and at Kaminnaya Cave. The
burials at Bolshoy
Mys
yielded decorative bands that lay over the upper portions of
the thigh bones. Above the knee joints of a
25
year-old woman there were pieces of
mollusk shells, two on each side. These pieces were used instead of the decorative
bands. Thus, the juvenile and adult costumes have similar features, as well as no-
ticeab
e
differences. The adult females had what were probably belts and did not
have the decorative bands on the lower portions of the thigh bones.
66
Summary
The following age category includes elderly women. The burials of elderly
women at the Altai burial sites contamed almost no decorations. Burials of elderly
females that yielded abundant decorations were found in the Kuznetsk Basin (Le-
bedi-2) and the piedmonts of Eastern Kazakhstan (Menovnoe XT).
As ethnographic data have shown, the traditional material for making clothes
was leather. The bands of decorations found on the legs of the girls buried at the So-
Iontsy-5 site (see Fig.
ЗО,
33,)
correspond to a selvedge that finished the edges of
clothes worn on legs (Fig.
44).
A common piece of the Siberian female costume is
nogovitsy (a piece of costume worn like stockings) that Were attached to natazniU
(short tight trousers). The nogovitsy is a long boot-stocking reaching
tö
the knee or
even higher. In the Yakut costume, the nogovitsy were decorated with leather
ap¬
pliques
and small beads (Gavrilieva,
1998;
Selskomu
uchitelyu.,
1983: 169).
The
Scythian peoples of Gorny Altai also decorated the edges of long female stockings
(Polosmak,
2001),
It is also possible that the upper garment of the girls buried at So:
lontsy-5 reached the nogovitsy's decorative band or was even below this band. In the
burials of young females
(23-25
years old) the band identified with the nogovitsy's
decoration is absent. This is due to the fact that the upper garment of adult females
was longer than that of juvenile girls. The nogovitsy of young woman were deco¬
rated with only a few pieces. It is now impossible to'determine whether the nogo¬
vitsy's edges were decorated with embroidery or
applique or
to trace the hem ac¬
cording to the decorations found in graves.
'
\'
The burial costume of people buried at the Solontsy-5 site probably included
a headdress with an ornament placed at the back of the head. The Dolgans and
Evenks headdress is a wide band that encircled the head around the forehead and
cheeks. The headdress has an arc-shaped insertion used to hold the band. The inser¬
tion was also decorated. The Evenks had a headdress with
ari
arc-shaped embroi¬
dered ornament. The ends of the arc were twisted inside (Natsionalnaya odezhda.,
1994).
The Yakut headdress (diabak) has a lyre-shaped or heart-shaped figure with
volutes at the center (Gavrilieva,1998). The ornamental motif found under the skull
in grave
6
(see
Foto
12)
is similar to an adornment made of musk deer canines with
their' sharp ends turned upward (see Fig.
7, 2).
The figurine was found under the
skull of a one and a half year old child in grave
1
at the same burial site. A similar
figurine made of marmot incisors was found near the wrist of a woman buried at
Kamirmaya Cave (see Fig.
42,).
The color of clothes is of special interest. It is now impossible to reconstruct
the original color. The decorative tabs found in grave
6
that constituted the orna¬
mental band on the chest of the upper garment were of different, probably contrast¬
ing colors: light (bone) and black (black paint)
(Foto
10-12).
The ornament of small beads of contrasting colors has been preserved in the
traditional costumes of the Siberian and American peoples of the
1701-2001
centu¬
ries. The ornament was a pictogram, and all its elements had symbolic meaning. The
decorative elements
sevra on
garments composed symbolic images that contained
messages and depicted various scenes. The main idea of these ornaments was to as¬
sist the owner in his deeds and protect him/her ftom evil forces. The Siberian peo-
67
Могильник
Солонцы-5.
Культура
погребенных неолита Алтая
_
ples
imparted a sacred meaning to hunter's belts and aprons. Similarly to the bo-
quois's vampum, the Siberian peoples used a symbolic system of strung beads,
shells, etc. (Franklin,
1979: 56-57).
The "descriptive" elements of me costume
among the Siberian peoples were forehead bands and garters (Anuchin,
1914;
Zhukova,
1999).
Zhukova, who studied the symbolics of the Yukagir costume,
noted that the symbolic sign system was important in the ornamentation of aprons.
The compositions of beads of contrasting colors can even contain encrypted per¬
sonal nicknames and small songs.
The system of decorating men's clothes differed from women's ones. The
general tendency of distributing bone tabs in men's burials of Altai is their place¬
ment over all body above hips along its left side (Fig.
49).
Among all men's burials
of the Altay burial sites only in burial
7
(burial site Solontsy-5) the structure of the
costume is well expressed (Fig.
34).
Its basic details are wide bands decorated with
bone tabs and pendants made of animal teeth: a belt band, a band from the shoulder
to the knee, a decorative band on the lower edge of the back part of the costume, a
band on the left sleeve and pendants made of teeth along hands and hips
(Foto
13,
14).
The band reminds a scaly armor of the warrior by its way of fastening the
plates. The plates on the band were fixed in horizontal lines: the subsequent line
covered the previous. The belt and the bracelet were decorated in the same way
(Fig,
45).
The bracelet must have served as archer's shield for protecting the left
hand from bowstring blows. Similar shields but made of horn plates were found in
medieval burials on the left hand wrists (Medvedev,
1966,
p.
25).
The direction of
the plates overlapping on the bracelet is turned to the side of return sliding of a bow¬
string. On the band of the costume the plates are inverted from the shoulder to the
chest following the direction of enemy's arrow movement when hitting the shoulder
unprotected when shooting (Fig.
46).
However, these facts can create only one of
.
the versions interpreting the purpose of the band with bone tabs.
Ь
American bdian
costumes
öf
the warriors of the Great Plains the bands sewed on clothes were widely
used as well. The bands were densely decorated by large "horse beads" protecting
from sliding knife blows and arrows and playing a role of an armor (Kotenko,
1997,
p.
128).
The wide belt consisting of plates had a protective function in male cloth¬
ing. Between the thigh bones of the man one can distinctly trace the band consisting
of three lines of bone tabs which formed the hem's edge. The wild goat's teeth pen¬
dants hung from the edge. The band's edges were under the knees which meant that
the hem's band was only on the back suggesting long back part of the clothing simi¬
lar to Evenk, or Scythian tail-coat. A prototype of a hanging back cloth could be a
loincloth similar to American bdians'. The described element of clothes must.be Hie
reason of the congestion of the split teeth of a noble deer, the pendants in me area of
the
pubis
and under it in the man's burial
1.
Bone tabs were distributed below
pubis
bones jutting out (Fig.
41,1; 47).
Beads made from large teeth of
animais
(maral,
musk-deer) were found
uľT
Эе
-f
Cl? Of
шеп
from
Ље
burial sites
1
and
7
from Solontsy-5 (Fig.
34,
41,2).
Similar bone tabs decorated the neck of clothes or neck grivna of Indian
leaders and shamans. Side seams of clothes on arms and on legs above knees were
68
Summary
trimmed by pendants from animal teeth, and below there must have been nogovitsy
(a piece of costume worn like stockings) which were not decorated with stone labs.
In the majority of Siberian peoples men wore knee-long and longer nogovitsy. The
burial sites
1
and
7
have been noted for decorating the edges of the long slit on the
right sleeve. The long slit on the right sleeve may ailow to bend the hand freely
when tightening the bowstring.
A comparative morphological analysis of the grave goods
йот
graves suggests
its similarity and even identity with other culturally and chronologically similar ar¬
chaeological objects from the Kuznetsk Basin and Gorny Altai as well as with the Kitoi
and the Serovo objects from the Cis-Baikal region and the Lena River basin.
Bone harpoons with transverse grooves between the barbs "(Fig.
24)
were
noted on analogous implements from the Kiunkiu site on the Amga in the Aldan and
the Lena
basm
in Yakutia (Arkheologicheskie pamiamiki.,
1983:364).
Bone composite fishing hooks with rounded hafts (Fig.
24)
have been re¬
ported from the Verholenskiy cemetery and are considered diagnostic for the Kitoi
Culture of the Lena River basin and designated as
thè
Verholenskiy type (Oklad-
nikov,
1978: 86-87,100).
Stone holders of composite fishing hooks recovered from Solontsy-5
(Foto
7)
display a shape similar to mat noted for the Kitoi hooks, in particular, both types
have special perforations, in which spikes were inserted, and protruding "ears." Such
implements represent an indispensable item of the Kitoi grave goods (Geor-
gievskaya,
1989: 36, 40, 74).
In the Altai, such hooks have been" recovered from
solitary burials. For instance, the Nizhnerytkeskenskaya
í
collection yielded eight
such hooks (Kiryushin, Kungurov, Stepanova,
1995:34-35).
Grave
1
at the Ust-Isha
burial ground yielded three hook lithic parts of various sizes, just as grave
1
at So¬
lontsy-5.
,
Points made of musk-deer's canine teeth and exhibiting barbs and cut marks
(see Fig.
26,. 36)
have been noted among grave goods from the Nizhhetytkesken-
skaya I site and from various burial sites of the Kitoi Culture (Okladriikov,
3950:
369;
Georgievskaya,
1989: 82, 84).
Some adornment pieces bear incised patterns in
the form of shaded triangles. Geometric patterns have also been noted on bone im¬
plements from the Ust-Belaya settlement (Georgievskaya,
1989: 85, 86),
from the
Kitoi burial ground (Okladnikov,
1950: 387-390),
and from a needle case recovered
from grave
612
of axe Early Metal period located at the
Sopka
2/3
burial ground
(Molodin,
2001:77, 79).
Another specific characteristic feature of the Solontsy bur¬
ial rite is the arrangement of tools and. flakes in clusters. This feature is also typical
of the Kitoi burial rite and has not been noted at burials of the Serovo Culture. The
cpllection of grave goods recovered from Solontsy-5 graves shows considerable
similarity with grave good sets from burials of Gorny Altai and Kuznetsk Basin
suggesting a close resemblance of the relevant cultural traditions. Large stone and
bone composite daggers are most numerous and typical for burial sites located over
this territory. Other characteristic features typical for this area are: harpoon heads
with unilateral location of barbs; lithic holders of fishing hooks with a cut in the
middle portion of the body and protruding "ears," and a rich set of garment decora¬
tions made of animal teeth and bones.
69
Могильник Солонцы-5.
Культура
погребенных неолита Алтая
_
Stone daggers are characteristic neither for Kitoy nor for Serovo complexes.
Such things are typical only for Kuznetsk-Altay Neolithic. In particular, only in the
Altay series the long narrow type is found (Fig.
37,40).
Bone composite daggers (Fig.
38, 39)
are widely distributed in the Altay se¬
ries, one is found in the Upper Irtysh in the mouth of the Narym River. In Tomsk
burial grounds they are almost not known. It can be asserted that this category of
things pulls together the Altay group with the Serov group.
, '" '
The burial site Soloritsy-5 is related to the Kuznetsk-Altay culture of the
population that left the following burial grounds and separate burials: Ust-Isha, the
Kaminnaya Cave, Nizhnetytkeskenskaya Cave, Kuznetskii and Lebedy-2. The bur¬
ial ground the Bolshoy
Mys
differs from those burial grounds, but includes burial
17
with Kusnetsk-Altay attributes (Kiryushin, Kungurova, Kadikov,
2000).
Allocation
of the funeral complexes covers the territory adjoining the mountain area and north¬
ern foothills of Altai. In the mountains of Altai only single burial places were found
in caves; burial grounds are known in the foothill area
-
between the Biya and the
Katun rivers and in the valley of the Tom River.
By the present moment in the laboratory of geology and paleoclimatology of
Kainozoik era of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science Doctor of
Geological Science LA.
Orlova
prepared radiocarbon datings of bones from the
burials of Kuznetsk-Altay burial sites and the burial ground Bolshoy
Mys
(Table
4).
In connection with these dating all burial grounds existed during one period of time:
in the middle
-
the beginning of the 4th millennium
ВС.
Synchronism of the burial
grounds explains the presence of burial
17
and non-standard burials in the burial
ground Bolshoy
Mys
and in the burial grounds Ust-Isha and Solontsy-5 which were
carried out similarly to the ceremony of Bolshoy
Mys. V.A.Dryomov
has noted that
the skeletons from burials
б
and
7
from Ust-Isha are of smaller weight, with very
long and moderately wide faces, sharp profile and sharply protruding nose. These
attributes differentiate the majority of the Mediterranean groups from the Paleo-
Siberian (Dryomov,
1980,
p.
42).
The population that left the burial site Bolshoy
Mys
may have had contacts
with the population that left the burials of the Kuznetsk-Altay culture. Anthropo¬
logical distinctions between the groups can be explained by the components that
participated in genesis of their formation. T.V. Chikisheva has paid attention to dis¬
tinctions between the group of population of Ust-Isha, Bolshoy
Mys
and the series
from the burials of Kaminnaya and Nizhnetytkeskenskaya caves and the burial site
Solontsy-5. The first group reveals the features of Paleo-Siberian racial type (pecu¬
liar to
lhe
population of Pribaikalye), the second shows the greatest affinity to the
component represented by skulls from the Middle Yenisei, in its own way distin¬
guished from Paleo-Siberian type (Chikisheva,
2000,
p.
143).
According to
arche¬
ologie
criteria the culture of Bolshoy
Mys
differs from the Kuznetsk-Altay culture,
that allows us to speak about two groups of the population that could have made the
ethnic entity formed by marriage ties. It is possible that the Kuznetsk-Altay culture
represents
ι
a rather wide ethnic formation including several- interconnected cultural
groups which have been singled out on the basis of archeological materials (the
70
Summary
most important
-
ceramics) of settlements. The basis of this entity can not be seen as
only the features of separate culture, for example, the Bolshoy
Mys
culture. Each of
the components demands studying.
The materials of the burial site Solontsy-5 synthesized the'elements of mate¬
rial culture and funeral traditions. The presence of elements of the Pribaikalye cul¬
tures results from migration processes of the population to the West and their set¬
tling in the valleys of the Katun and the Biya, in the Tom's valley with the subse¬
quent interaction with the local population. Mixed and transformed components of
the migrants' culture could have entered the culture of Salair-Altai. The archeologi-
cal researches have repeatedly fixed the attributes of cultural symbiosis of the new
entities diagnosed on the basis of many components and variety of material culture
elements, especially, instability of burial rituals. The incompatible differences of the
grave goods in the Kuznetsk-Altay burial sites and the subjects from the settlements
can also display symbiosis of the cultures. In the burials old tribal traditions are kept
but in everyday life there was adaptation to local conditions and raw materials.
71 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Kungurova, Natalʹja Ju |
| author_facet | Kungurova, Natalʹja Ju |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kungurova, Natalʹja Ju |
| author_variant | n j k nj njk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021495937 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)237027269 (DE-599)BVBBV021495937 |
| edition | Aufl.: 400 Ex. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Mogil'nik Soloncy 5 (DE-588)7617826-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Mogil'nik Soloncy 5 |
| id | DE-604.BV021495937 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:14:01Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:37:07Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 5945520403 |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014712712 |
| oclc_num | 237027269 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 128 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| publisher | Barnaulʹskij Jur. Inst. MVD Rossii |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kungurova, Natalʹja Ju. Verfasser aut Mogilʹnik Soloncy-5 kulʹtura pogrebennych neolita Altaja ; monografija N. Ju. Kungurova Aufl.: 400 Ex. Barnaul Barnaulʹskij Jur. Inst. MVD Rossii 2005 128 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. Schr., russ. Neolithikum (DE-588)4075272-0 gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Bestattung (DE-588)4006054-8 gnd rswk-swf Mogil'nik Soloncy 5 (DE-588)7617826-2 gnd rswk-swf Mogil'nik Soloncy 5 (DE-588)7617826-2 g Bestattung (DE-588)4006054-8 s Neolithikum (DE-588)4075272-0 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014712712&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014712712&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Kungurova, Natalʹja Ju Mogilʹnik Soloncy-5 kulʹtura pogrebennych neolita Altaja ; monografija Neolithikum (DE-588)4075272-0 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Bestattung (DE-588)4006054-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4075272-0 (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4006054-8 (DE-588)7617826-2 |
| title | Mogilʹnik Soloncy-5 kulʹtura pogrebennych neolita Altaja ; monografija |
| title_auth | Mogilʹnik Soloncy-5 kulʹtura pogrebennych neolita Altaja ; monografija |
| title_exact_search | Mogilʹnik Soloncy-5 kulʹtura pogrebennych neolita Altaja ; monografija |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Mogilʹnik Soloncy-5 kulʹtura pogrebennych neolita Altaja ; monografija |
| title_full | Mogilʹnik Soloncy-5 kulʹtura pogrebennych neolita Altaja ; monografija N. Ju. Kungurova |
| title_fullStr | Mogilʹnik Soloncy-5 kulʹtura pogrebennych neolita Altaja ; monografija N. Ju. Kungurova |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mogilʹnik Soloncy-5 kulʹtura pogrebennych neolita Altaja ; monografija N. Ju. Kungurova |
| title_short | Mogilʹnik Soloncy-5 |
| title_sort | mogilʹnik soloncy 5 kulʹtura pogrebennych neolita altaja monografija |
| title_sub | kulʹtura pogrebennych neolita Altaja ; monografija |
| topic | Neolithikum (DE-588)4075272-0 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Bestattung (DE-588)4006054-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Neolithikum Funde Bestattung Mogil'nik Soloncy 5 |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014712712&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014712712&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kungurovanatalʹjaju mogilʹniksoloncy5kulʹturapogrebennychneolitaaltajamonografija |