The WTO Dispute Settlement System 1995 - 2003:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
The Hague [u.a.]
Kluwer Law International
2004
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| Schriftenreihe: | Studies in transnational economic law
18 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 607 S. |
| ISBN: | 904112232X |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 1995-2003 EDITED BY FEDERICO ORTINO
AND ERNST-ULRICH PETERSMANN KLUWER LAW INTERNATIONAL THE HAGUE/ LONDON/
NEW YORK TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD VXII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XXI PART
I THE DOHA DEVELOPMENT ROUND NEGOTIATIONS ON IMPROVEMENTS AND
CLARIFICATIONS OF THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES CHAPTER 1 E. U.
PETERSMANN THE DOHA DEVELOPMENT ROUND NEGOTIATIONS ON IMPROVEMENTS AND
CLARIFICATIONS OF THE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT UNDERSTANDING 2001-2003: AN
OVERVIEW 3 I. THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS FOR RULE OF
LAW AND PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES 5 II. PROPOSALS
FOR IMPROVING THE WORKING PROCEDURES OF WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PANELS 7
III. PROPOSALS FOR MOVING FROM AD HOC TO PERMANENT PANELISTS 8 IV.
IMPROVEMENTS AND REFORMS OF THE WTO APPELLATE BODY 9 V. PROPOSALS FOR
REFORMS OF ARTICLE 21 OF THE DSU 10 VI. PROPOSALS FOR REFORMS OF ARTICLE
22 OF THE DSU 11 VII. ARBITRATION WITHIN THE WTO 12 VIII. SPECIAL AND
DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES UNDER THE WTO DISPUTE
SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 13 IX. ADDITIONAL NEGOTIATING PROPOSALS ON
IMPROVEMENTS AND CLARIFICATIONS OF THE DSU 14 X. POLICY CONCLUSIONS 15
VI TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 2 W. J. DAVEY PROPOSALS FOR IMPROVING THE
WORKING PROCEDURES OF WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PANELS 19 I. CODIFICATION
OF WORKING PROCEDURES 19 II. TRANSPARENCY 20 III. PARTICIPATION 22 IV.
GATHERING INFORMATION 23 V. PRELIMINARY RULINGS 24 VI. TIMEFRAMES 24
VII. SETTLEMENTS 25 VIII. CONSULTATIONS AND PANEL ESTABLISHMENT 26 IX.
DORMANT CASES 26 X. MISCELLANEOUS 27 CHAPTER 3 T. COTTIER PROPOSALS FOR
MOVING FROM AD HOC PANELS TO PERMANENT WTO PANELISTS 31 I. INTRODUCTION
31 II. IDEAS AND PROPOSALS SUBMITTED 32 III. ASSESSMENT 34 A. PRACTICAL
AND OPERATIONAL ISSUES 34 B. CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES 36 IV. FURTHER
SUGGESTIONS: A COLLEGE OF PERMANENT PANELISTS 38 CHAPTER 4 D. P. STEGER
IMPROVEMENTS AND REFORMS OF THE WTO APPELLATE BODY 41 I. INTRODUCTION 41
II. INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF APPELLATE BODY MEMBERS? 43 III.
JUDICIALIZATION OF THE APPELLATE BODY? 45 IV. LENGTH OF TERM 46 V.
REMAND AUTHORITY 46 VI. REFORM OF THE PANEL PROCESS 47 VII. CONCLUSION
48 CHAPTER 5 J. PAUWELYN PROPOSALS FOR REFORMS OF ARTICLE 21 OF THE DSU
51 I. SURVEILLANCE OF IMPLEMENTATION BY THE DSB 51 II. ARTICLE 21.5
COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES 53 TABLE OF CONTENTS VII A. SOME FACTS 53 B.
ARTICLE 21.5 PROCEDURES 53 C. THE PARTIES IN AN ARTICLE 21.5 PROCEDURE
55 D. THE DISAGREEMENTS OR MEASURES THAT CAN BE EXAMINED IN AN ARTICLE
21.5 PROCEDURE 56 III. ARTICLE 21.3 ARBITRATIONS ON REASONABLE PERIOD OF
TIME 59 CHAPTER 6 P. C. MAVROIDIS PROPOSALS FOR REFORM OF ARTICLE 22 OF
THE DSU: RECONSIDERING THE SEQUENCING ISSUE AND SUSPENSION OF
CONCESSIONS 61 I. A MULTILATERAL FINDING OF INADEQUATE IMPLEMENTATIONS
IS THE NECESSARY CONDITION TO EXERCISE THE RIGHT TO REQUEST SUSPENSION
OF CONCESSIONS 61 A. WHAT IS SEQUENCING? 61 B. THE PRIMARY LAW 62 C. THE
CASE-LAW 62 D. IN FAVOUR OF SEQUENCING 64 E. STATE PRACTICE EVOLVES THE
OTHER WAY 66 F. WHY LEGISLATION IS NEEDED 66 G. LEGISLATION ANTE PORTAS;
ALL (BUT AUSTRALIA) IN FAVOUR OF SEQUENCING 67 H. A FIRST DO NO HARM
APPROACH 68 II. SUSPENSION OF CONCESSIONS AND THE RE-NEGOTIATION OF
REMEDIES 69 A. MOVING ON TO ISSUES THAT MIGHT DIVIDE 69 B. THE DARING
PROPOSALS 70 C. THE MODEST AGENDA 71 D. TAKING CARE OF BUSINESS: VIEWS
FROM THE OUTSIDE WORLD 71 CHAPTER 7 V. HUGHES ARBITRATION WITHIN WTO 75
I. INTRODUCTION 75 II. HISTORY 75 A. THE HAVANA CHARTER 75 B. THE GATT
1947 76 C. THE 1979 TOKYO UNDERSTANDING 77 D. THE URUGUAY ROUND
NEGOTIATIONS 77 E. THE 1989 IMPROVEMENTS 78 III. ARBITRATION UNDER THE
DSU 80 A. ARBITRATION UNDER ARTICLE 25 80 B. ARBITRATION UNDER ARTICLE
21.3(C) 82 IV. CONCLUSION 85 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 8 F.
ROESSLER SPECIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
UNDER THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 87 CHAPTER 9 E.-U. PETERSMANN
ADDITIONAL NEGOTIATION PROPOSALS ON IMPROVEMENTS AND CLARIFICATIONS OF
THE DSU 91 I. WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATE SCOPE OF THE NEGOTIATIONS ON
IMPROVEMENTS AND CLARIFICATIONS OF THE DSU? 91 II. WHAT IS THE
APPROPRIATE LEGAL FORM FOR PUTTING AGREED IMPROVEMENTS AND
CLARIFICATIONS OF THE DSU INTO EFFECT? 92 III. IS THERE A NEED FOR
SHORTENING, EXTENDING, OR RENDERING MORE FLEXIBLE THE DURATION OF WTO
DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEEDINGS? 93 IV. IS IT ADVISABLE TO STRENGTHEN THE
RIGHTS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND OF THIRD PARTIES IN CONSULTATIONS
(ARTICLE 4 OF THE DSU)? 94 V. IS THERE A NEED FOR ADDITIONAL DSU
PROVISIONS PROMOTING THE WTO CONSISTENCY, NOTIFICATION AND EXAMINATION
OF MUTUALLY AGREED SOLUTIONS? 95 VI. DOES ARTICLE 5 ON GOOD OFFICES,
CONCILIATION AND MEDIATION NEED TO BE STRENGTHENED? 95 VII. IS THERE A
NEED FOR IMPROVEMENTS AND CLARIFICATIONS OF THE MANDATE AND PROCEDURES
OF THE DSB? 97 VIII. IS THERE A NEED FOR IMPROVEMENTS AND CLARIFICATIONS
OF OTHER DSU PROVISIONS? 98 CHAPTER 10 J. A. LACARTE AND C.-D. EHLERMANN
POLICY CONCLUSIONS (2002) 99 CHAPTER 11 C.-D. EHLERMANN REFLECTIONS ON
THE PROCESS OF CLARIFICATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE DSU 105 I.
INTRODUCTION 105 II. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN (QUASI-) JUDICIAL AND
POLITICAL DECISION MAKING 106 III. DEVELOPING AND LEAST-DEVELOPED
COUNTRIES 108 IV. OTHER ISSUES 108 A. APPELLATE BODY 109 B. PANELS 110
C. AMICUS CURIAE BRIEFS AND TRANSPARENCY 110 D. THIRD PARTY RIGHTS 111
E. CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS INFORMATION 111 F. EFFICIENCY 111 TABLE OF
CONTENTS IX G. TIME FRAMES 111 H. REMEDIES 112 V. CONCLUSION 113 CHAPTER
12 E. KESSIE THE EARLY HARVEST NEGOTIATIONS IN 2003 11 5 I.
INTRODUCTION 115 II. PAST ATTEMPTS TO REFORM THE DSU 117 A. ATTEMPTS
BETWEEN 1998 AND 2001 117 B. THE SCOPE OF THE DOHA MANDATE 118 III.
REVIEW OF THE CHAIRMAN S TEXT OF 28 MAY 2003 121 A. EVOLUTION OF THE
WORK OF THE SPECIAL SESSION OF THE DSB 121 B. REVIEW OF THE CHAIMAN S
TEXT 123 IV. CONCLUSION 139 A. SYSTEM OF PERMANENT PANELLISTS 140 B.
REMEDIES 142 C. OTHER PROPOSALS 148 PART II WTO JURISPRUDENCE AND
DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE CHAPTER 13 P. C. MAVROIDIS DEVELOPMENT OF
WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES THROUGH CASE-LAW 153 I. THE DSU IS AN
INCOMPLETE CONTRACT WHEN IT COMES TO SETTING OUT THE PROCEDURES WHICH
WTO ADJUDICATING BODIES WILL HAVE TO FOLLOW 153 II. YOU, MEMBERS, DO NOT
HAVE THE EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO SUBMIT? 155 III. FACING THE CHALLENGES OF
PRACTICE 159 A. PARALLELISM BETWEEN CONSULTATIONS AND PANEL PROCEEDINGS
159 B. A LAWFUL REQUEST FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF A PANEL IS ... 160 C.
BURDEN OF PROOF 160 D. TREATMENT OF CONFIDENTIAL EVIDENCE 172 IV. BRIEF
CONCLUDING REMARKS 176 CHAPTER 14 F. WEISS INHERENT POWERS OF NATIONAL
AND INTERNATIONAL COURTS 177 I. INTRODUCTION 177 II. A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF
INHERENT POWERS 178 III. THE USE OF INHERENT POWERS BY THE APPELLATE
BODY 179 A. THE APPELLATE BODY S WORKING PROCEDURES 179 B. RELEVANT AB
PRACTICE 179 IV. INHERENT POWERS: LESSONS FROM INTERNATIONAL
ADJUDICATORY BODIES 182 A. THE CONCEPT OF INHERENT POWERS 182 X TABLE OF
CONTENTS B. REVISION OF AWARDS 185. C. INTERIM MEASURES 186 D. PROPRIO
MOTU 187 V. CONCLUSION: INHERENT POWERS OF THE AB? 189 CHAPTER 15 W. J.
DAVEY WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE RELATING TO GATT 1994 191 I. GATT
ARTICLE I - THE MOST-FAVOURED-NATION OBLIGATION 192 II. GATT ARTICLE III
- THE NATIONAL TREATMENT OBLIGATION 193 A. DISCRIMINATORY TAXATION 193
B. DISCRIMINATORY REGULATION OF LIKE PRODUCTS 197 III. GATT ARTICLE XI -
THE BAN ON QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS 200 IV. GATT ARTICLE XX - THE
GENERAL EXCEPTIONS 201 A. HEALTH MEASURES 201 B. ENFORCEMENT MEASURES
203 C. CONSERVATION MEASURES 204 D. THE CHAPEAU 206 V. OTHER GATT
ARTICLES 208 A. ARTICLE II 208 B. ARTICLE VIII 210 C. ARTICLE X 210 D.
ARTICLE XIII 212 E. ARTICLE XVIILB 213 F. ARTICLE XXIII: L(B) 213 G.
ARTICLE XXIV 214 H. ARTICLE XXVIII 215 VI. CONCLUSION 215 CHAPTER 16 F.
ORTINO WTO JURISPRUDENCE ON DE JURE AND DE FACTO DISCRIMINATION 217 I.
INTRODUCTION 217 II. THE NATIONAL TREATMENT PRINCIPLE AND THE
PROHIBITION OF FORMAL OR DE JURE DISCRIMINATION 218 A. ARTICLE 111:2
GATT AND FISCAL MEASURES 219 B. ARTICLE 111:4 GATT AND NON-FISCAL
REGULATION 222 III. THE NATIONAL TREATAMENT PRINCIPLE AND THE
PROHIBITION OF MATERIAL OR DE FACTO DISCRIMINATION 231 A. ARTICLE 111:2
GATT AND FISCAL MEASURES 232 B. ARTICLE 111:4 GATT AND NON-FISCAL
REGULATION 249 IV. BRIEF CONCLUSION 262 TABLE OF CONTENTS XI CHAPTER 17
L. BARTELS WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE ON ARTICLE XXIV OF THE GATT
263 I. INTRODUCTION 263 II. SCOPE OF ARTICLE XXIV 264 III. ARTICLE XXIV
AND OTHER WTO RULES 265 IV. THE ARTICLE XXIV DEFENCE 266 A. SCOPE OF
THE ARTICLE XXIV DEFENCE 267 B. JUSTICIABILITY OF REGIONAL TRADE
AGREEMENTS 267 C. TIMING OF THE MEASURE 268 D. NECESSITY OF THE MEASURE
269 V. BURDEN OF PROOF . 271 VI. CONCLUSIONS 272 CHAPTER 18 G. MARCEAU
AND J. P. TRACHTMAN GATT, TBT AND SPS: A MAP OF WTO LAW OF DOMESTIC
REGULATION OF GOODS 275 I. INTRODUCTION 275 II. HOW THE SPS AND TBT
AGREEMENTS CAME TO EXIST 277 III. COMPARING THE DISCIPLINES OF THE SPS
AGREEMENT, THE TBT AGREEMENT AND THE GATT 280 A. NON-DISCRIMINATION:
NATIONAL TREATMENT AND MOST-FAVOURED- NATION 280 B. NECESSITY AND
PROPORTIONALITY TESTS 288 C. APPROPRIATE LEVEL/SCIENTIFIC BASIS 297 D.
HARMONIZATION; CONFORMITY WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS 300 E. (MUTUAL)
RECOGNITION AND EQUIVALENCE 307 F. INTERNAL CONSISTENCY 308 G.
PERMISSION FOR PRECAUTIONARY ACTION 312 H. BALANCING 314 I.
PRODUCT/PROCESS ISSUES AND THE TERRITORIAL-EXTRATERRITORIAL DIVIDE 319
J. CONCLUSION 325 IV. INVOKING THE DISCIPLINES OF SPS, TBT AND THE GATT
326 A. CONDITIONS OF APPLICATION: APPLICABLE LAW 326 B. CUMULATIVE
APPLICATION AND THE INTERPRETATIVE PRINCIPLE OF EFFECTIVENESS 328 C.
GENERAL APPLICATION OF THE AGREEMENTS 333 D. APPLICATION TO SPECIFIC
TYPES OF OVERLAP 339 V. CONCLUSION 340 XII TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 19
E. OPUKU AWUKU WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE AND TRADE-RELATED
ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES 341 I. GATT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE ON
TRADE-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES 343 II. WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
PRACTICE ON TRADE-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES 345 III. BRIEF
CONCLUSIONS 351 CHAPTER 20 P. A. CLARKE, J. BOURGEOIS AND G. N. HORLICK
WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE RELATING TO SUBSIDIES AND COUNTERVAILING
MEASURES 35 3 I. INTRODUCTION 353 II. THE AGREEMENT ON SUBSIDIES AND
COUNTERVAILING MEASURES 353 A. PART I - GENERAL PROVISIONS 354 B. PART
III - ACTIONABLE SUBSIDIES 365 C. PART V - COUNTERVAILING MEASURES 369
D. PART VI - INSTITUTIONS 373 E. PART VII - NOTIFICATION AND
SURVEILLANCE 373 F. PART VIII - DEVELOPING COUNTRY MEMBERS 374 G. PART X
- DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 374 H. PART XI - FINAL PROVISIONS 375 III.
CONCLUSION 377 CHAPTER 21 W. ZDOUC WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE
RELATING TO THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES 381 I.
INTRODUCTION 381 II. THE MOST-FAVOURED-NATION TREATMENT CLAUSES OF GATT
AND GATS 382 III. THE NATIONAL TREATMENT CLAUSES OF GATS AND GATT 383
IV. MEASURES AFFECTING TRADE IN SERVICES 386 A. THE NOTION OF MEASURES
WITHIN THE SCOPE AND COVERAGE OF GATS 387 B. THE NOTION OF MEASURES
AFFECTING TRADE IN SERVICES 389 V. THE LIKENESS PROBLEM 394 A. THE
LIKENESS OF SERVICE TRANSACTIONS 395 B. THE LIKENESS OF SERVICE
SUPPLIERS 397 C. THE LIKENESS OF SERVICES AND SERVICE SUPPLIERS ACROSS
MODES OF SUPPLY 401 VI. NO LESS FAVOURABLE TREATMENT 403 A. DE FACTO
DISCRIMINATION UNDER THE GATS NATIONAL TREATMENT CLAUSE 406 TABLE OF
CONTENTS XII I B. LIMITS OF DE FACTO DISCRIMINATION UNDER THE GATS
NATIONAL TREATMENT CLAUSE 410 C. DE FACTO DISCRIMINATION UNDER THE GATS
MFN TREATMENT CLAUSE 413 VII. CONCLUSIONS ON THE MFN AND NATIONAL
TREATMENT PRINCIPLES APPLIED TO SERVICES 416 CHAPTER 22 F. M. ABBOTT WTO
DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE RELATING TO THE AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 421 I. INTRODUCTION 421 II. DECIDED CASES
422 A. INDIA - PATENT PROTECTION FOR PHARMACEUTICAL AND AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICAL PRODUCTS (INDIA ~ MAILBOX) 422 B. CANADA - PATENT PROTECTION OF
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS (CANADA * GENERIC PHARMACEUTICALS) 424 C. UNITED
STATES - SECTION 211 OMNIBUS APPROPRIATIONS ACT OF 1998 (US - HAVANA
CLUB) 432 D. UNITED STATES - SECTION 110(5) OF THE US COPYRIGHT ACT (US
- COPYRIGHT EXEMPTION) 439 E. CANADA - TERM OF PATENT PROTECTION (CANADA
- PATENT TERM) 439 F. US CLAIMS REGARDING BRAZIL S COMPULSORY LICENSING
LEGISLATION 440 III. PROCESS MATTERS 441 A. WIPO REPORTS 441 B. BURDEN
OF PROOF 442 IV. THE DOHA DECLARATION AND ITS JURISPRUDENTIAL
IMPLICATIONS 444 V. NON-VIOLATION NULLIFICATION OR IMPAIRMENT IN TRIPS
449 VI. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSION 453 CHAPTER 23 M. MATSUSHITA
APPELLATE BODY JURISPRUDENCE ON THE GATS AND TRIPS AGREEMENTS 455 I.
INTRODUCTION 455 II. APPEAL CASES UNDER THE GATS 455 A. CANADA -
PERIODICALS 456 B. EC-BANANAS 457 C. CANADA - AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 459 D.
ANALYSIS 460 E. A RECENT TELECOM DISPUTE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND
MEXICO 463 III. APPEAL CASES UNDER THE TRIPS 465 A. CANADA - PATENT 465
B. INDIA - PATENT 466 C. UNITED STATES - SECTION 211 OMNIBUS
APPROPRIATION ACT OF 1998 467 D. ANALYSIS 470 XIV TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 24 A. H. QURESHI PARTICIPATION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN THE
WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 475 I. INTRODUCTION 475 II. BRIEF
STATISTICAL ACCOUNT 476 III. THE CRITERIA FOR MEASURING PARTICIPATION BY
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 480 IV. THE DEVELOPING CONDITION OF A MEMBER IN
THE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE 482 V. PROBLEMS AND REFORM 493 A.
REFORMS 495 CHAPTER 25 C.-D. EHLERMANN SIX YEARS ON THE BENCH OF THE
WORLD TRADE COURT 499 I. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHARACTER OF THE WTO DISPUTE
SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 500 II. THE COMPOSITION OF THE APPELLATE BODY 501 III.
THE WORKING PROCEDURES 503 A. PROCEDURE FOR ADOPTION 503 B. DIVISIONS OF
THREE APPELLATE BODY MEMBERS AND THE DURATION OF THE APPEAL PROCEDURE
504 C EXCHANGE OF VIEWS 505 D. SELECTION OF MEMBERS CONSTITUTING A
DIVISION 506 E. OVERALL EVALUATION 507 IV. METHOD OF INTERPRETATION 508
V. THE EARLY CLARIFICATION OF PROCEDURAL ISSUES 511 A. BURDEN OF PROOF
511 B. STANDARD OF REVIEW 512 C. DISTINCTION BETWEEN ISSUES OF LAW AND
ISSUES OF FACTS 513 D. SPECIAL PROBLEM OF THE DETERMINATION OF THE
MEANING OF MUNICIPAL LAW 515 E. FACT FINDING BY PANELS AND THE
CORRESPONDING DUTIES OF WTO R- MEMBERS 515 (YIY THE PANEL STRUCTURE 519
VII. ISSUES OF SUBSTANTIVE LAW 520 A. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 520 B.
DIFFICULTIES ARISING FROM STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WTO AND EC LAW
520 C. CUMULATING OF SUBSTANTIVE OBLIGATIONS IN WTO LAW 521 D. MORE
STRINGENT WTO LAW THAN EC LAW OBLIGATIONS 522 VIII. THE TENSIONS BETWEEN
THE STRONG (QUASI-) JUDICIAL AND THE WEAK POLITICAL STRUCTURES 523 TABLE
OF CONTENTS XV A. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 523 B. UNSATISFACTORY
FUNCTIONING OF POLITICAL FILTERS 524 C. BLOCKAGE OF THE PROCESS OF
INTERPRETATIONS AND AMENDMENTS 525 D. URGENCY OF IMPROVING POLITICAL
DECISION-MAKING 526 E. DANGERS OF ATTRIBUTING DIRECT EFFECT OF WTO LAW
527 F. RESPONSIBILITY OF THE APPELLATE BODY: PRINCIPLED OR CASE-SPECIFIC
REASONING? 528 IX. CONCLUSIONS 529 CHAPTER 26 N. PARK STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS OF THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM (1995-2000) 531 EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY 531 ABBREVIATIONS 533 I. OVERVIEW OF THE STATE OF WTO DISPUTE
SETTLEMENT 534 A. STATE OF ANNUAL COMPLAINTS 534 B. STATE OF COMPLAINTS
BY COUNTRY 536 C. JOINT COMPLAINTS 536 D. STATE OF RESPONSES BY COUNTRY
536 E. TRENDS IN THE COMPLAINTS AND RESPONSES 537 II. WAYS OF DISPUTE
SETTLEMENT 538 V..Y A. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES BY THE ADOPTION OF PR/ABR
538 B. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES BY OTHER WAYS INCLUDING BILATERAL
SETTLEMENT 539 III. STATE OF USE OF THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM
540 A. CONSULTATION PROCESS 540 B. PANEL PROCESS 540 C. APPELLATE
PROCESS 541 IV. PARTICIPATION AS A THIRD PARTY 542 A. PARTICIPATING IN
CONSULTATIONS 542 B. PARTICIPATING IN PANEL PROCEDURES 543 C.
PARTICIPATING IN APPEAL PROCEDURES 543 V. OVERVIEW OF THE WTO AGREEMENTS
INVOKED IN DISPUTES 544 A. THE WTO AGREEMENTS INVOKED IN DISPUTES 544 B.
PROVISIONS OF THE GATT 1994 INVOKED IN DISPUTES 544 C. STATE OF DISPUTES
BY THE GATS 545 D. STATE OF DISPUTES BY THE TRIPS 546 VI. TIME TAKEN IN
THE PROCESS OF DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 546 A. FROM THE REQUEST FOR
CONSULTATION TO THE ADOPTION OF PR/ABR 546 B. FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF
A PANEL TO THE CIRCULATION OF THE PR 547 C. FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A
PANEL TO THE ADOPTION OF PR/ABR 547 D. FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A PANEL
TO THE DECISION ON THE REASONABLE PERIOD OF TIME FOR IMPLEMENTATION 547
XVI TABLE OF CONTENTS E. TOTAL AMOUNT OF TIME TAKEN FOR THE SETTLEMENT
OF DISPUTES 549 VII. STATE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RULINGS OF THE DSB
550 A. DISPUTES CONCERNING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RULINGS OF THE DSB
550 B. DISPUTES CONCERNING THE LEVEL OF RETALIATION 552 C. AUTHORIZATION
FOR RETALIATORY MEASURES 553 ANNEX I: CHRONOLOGICAL LISTS OF WTO DISPUTE
SETTLEMENT INVOCATIONS AND REPORTS 555 ANNEX II: REPORT BY THE CHAIRMAN
OF THE SPECIAL SESSIONS OF THE DSB TO THE TNC OF 6 JUNE 2003 579 INDEX
599
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| adam_txt |
THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 1995-2003 EDITED BY FEDERICO ORTINO
AND ERNST-ULRICH PETERSMANN KLUWER LAW INTERNATIONAL THE HAGUE/ LONDON/
NEW YORK TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD VXII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XXI PART
I THE DOHA DEVELOPMENT ROUND NEGOTIATIONS ON IMPROVEMENTS AND
CLARIFICATIONS OF THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES CHAPTER 1 E. U.
PETERSMANN THE DOHA DEVELOPMENT ROUND NEGOTIATIONS ON IMPROVEMENTS AND
CLARIFICATIONS OF THE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT UNDERSTANDING 2001-2003: AN
OVERVIEW 3 I. THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS FOR RULE OF
LAW AND PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES 5 II. PROPOSALS
FOR IMPROVING THE WORKING PROCEDURES OF WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PANELS 7
III. PROPOSALS FOR MOVING FROM AD HOC TO PERMANENT PANELISTS 8 IV.
IMPROVEMENTS AND REFORMS OF THE WTO APPELLATE BODY 9 V. PROPOSALS FOR
REFORMS OF ARTICLE 21 OF THE DSU 10 VI. PROPOSALS FOR REFORMS OF ARTICLE
22 OF THE DSU 11 VII. ARBITRATION WITHIN THE WTO 12 VIII. SPECIAL AND
DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES UNDER THE WTO DISPUTE
SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 13 IX. ADDITIONAL NEGOTIATING PROPOSALS ON
IMPROVEMENTS AND CLARIFICATIONS OF THE DSU 14 X. POLICY CONCLUSIONS 15
VI TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 2 W. J. DAVEY PROPOSALS FOR IMPROVING THE
WORKING PROCEDURES OF WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PANELS 19 I. CODIFICATION
OF WORKING PROCEDURES 19 II. TRANSPARENCY 20 III. PARTICIPATION 22 IV.
GATHERING INFORMATION 23 V. PRELIMINARY RULINGS 24 VI. TIMEFRAMES 24
VII. SETTLEMENTS 25 VIII. CONSULTATIONS AND PANEL ESTABLISHMENT 26 IX.
DORMANT CASES 26 X. MISCELLANEOUS 27 CHAPTER 3 T. COTTIER PROPOSALS FOR
MOVING FROM AD HOC PANELS TO PERMANENT WTO PANELISTS 31 I. INTRODUCTION
31 II. IDEAS AND PROPOSALS SUBMITTED 32 III. ASSESSMENT 34 A. PRACTICAL
AND OPERATIONAL ISSUES 34 B. CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES 36 IV. FURTHER
SUGGESTIONS: A COLLEGE OF PERMANENT PANELISTS 38 CHAPTER 4 D. P. STEGER
IMPROVEMENTS AND REFORMS OF THE WTO APPELLATE BODY 41 I. INTRODUCTION 41
II. INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF APPELLATE BODY MEMBERS? 43 III.
"JUDICIALIZATION" OF THE APPELLATE BODY? 45 IV. LENGTH OF TERM 46 V.
REMAND AUTHORITY 46 VI. REFORM OF THE PANEL PROCESS 47 VII. CONCLUSION
48 CHAPTER 5 J. PAUWELYN PROPOSALS FOR REFORMS OF ARTICLE 21 OF THE DSU
51 I. SURVEILLANCE OF IMPLEMENTATION BY THE DSB 51 II. ARTICLE 21.5
COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES 53 TABLE OF CONTENTS VII A. SOME FACTS 53 B.
ARTICLE 21.5 PROCEDURES 53 C. THE PARTIES IN AN ARTICLE 21.5 PROCEDURE
55 D. THE DISAGREEMENTS OR MEASURES THAT CAN BE EXAMINED IN AN ARTICLE
21.5 PROCEDURE 56 III. ARTICLE 21.3 ARBITRATIONS ON REASONABLE PERIOD OF
TIME 59 CHAPTER 6 P. C. MAVROIDIS PROPOSALS FOR REFORM OF ARTICLE 22 OF
THE DSU: RECONSIDERING THE "SEQUENCING" ISSUE AND SUSPENSION OF
CONCESSIONS 61 I. A MULTILATERAL FINDING OF INADEQUATE IMPLEMENTATIONS
IS THE NECESSARY CONDITION TO EXERCISE THE RIGHT TO REQUEST SUSPENSION
OF CONCESSIONS 61 A. WHAT IS SEQUENCING? 61 B. THE PRIMARY LAW 62 C. THE
CASE-LAW 62 D. IN FAVOUR OF SEQUENCING 64 E. STATE PRACTICE EVOLVES THE
OTHER WAY 66 F. WHY LEGISLATION IS NEEDED 66 G. LEGISLATION ANTE PORTAS;
ALL (BUT AUSTRALIA) IN FAVOUR OF SEQUENCING 67 H. A "FIRST DO NO HARM"
APPROACH 68 II. SUSPENSION OF CONCESSIONS AND THE RE-NEGOTIATION OF
REMEDIES 69 A. MOVING ON TO ISSUES THAT MIGHT DIVIDE 69 B. THE "DARING"
PROPOSALS 70 C. THE "MODEST" AGENDA 71 D. TAKING CARE OF BUSINESS: VIEWS
FROM THE OUTSIDE WORLD 71 CHAPTER 7 V. HUGHES ARBITRATION WITHIN WTO 75
I. INTRODUCTION 75 II. HISTORY 75 A. THE HAVANA CHARTER 75 B. THE GATT
1947 76 C. THE 1979 TOKYO UNDERSTANDING 77 D. THE URUGUAY ROUND
NEGOTIATIONS 77 E. THE 1989 IMPROVEMENTS 78 III. ARBITRATION UNDER THE
DSU 80 A. ARBITRATION UNDER ARTICLE 25 80 B. ARBITRATION UNDER ARTICLE
21.3(C) 82 IV. CONCLUSION 85 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 8 F.
ROESSLER SPECIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
UNDER THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 87 CHAPTER 9 E.-U. PETERSMANN
ADDITIONAL NEGOTIATION PROPOSALS ON IMPROVEMENTS AND CLARIFICATIONS OF
THE DSU 91 I. WHAT IS THE APPROPRIATE SCOPE OF THE NEGOTIATIONS ON
IMPROVEMENTS AND CLARIFICATIONS OF THE DSU? 91 II. WHAT IS THE
APPROPRIATE LEGAL FORM FOR PUTTING AGREED IMPROVEMENTS AND
CLARIFICATIONS OF THE DSU INTO EFFECT? 92 III. IS THERE A NEED FOR
SHORTENING, EXTENDING, OR RENDERING MORE FLEXIBLE THE DURATION OF WTO
DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEEDINGS? 93 IV. IS IT ADVISABLE TO STRENGTHEN THE
RIGHTS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND OF THIRD PARTIES IN CONSULTATIONS
(ARTICLE 4 OF THE DSU)? 94 V. IS THERE A NEED FOR ADDITIONAL DSU
PROVISIONS PROMOTING THE WTO CONSISTENCY, NOTIFICATION AND EXAMINATION
OF MUTUALLY AGREED SOLUTIONS? 95 VI. DOES ARTICLE 5 ON GOOD OFFICES,
CONCILIATION AND MEDIATION NEED TO BE STRENGTHENED? 95 VII. IS THERE A
NEED FOR IMPROVEMENTS AND CLARIFICATIONS OF THE MANDATE AND PROCEDURES
OF THE DSB? 97 VIII. IS THERE A NEED FOR IMPROVEMENTS AND CLARIFICATIONS
OF OTHER DSU PROVISIONS? 98 CHAPTER 10 J. A. LACARTE AND C.-D. EHLERMANN
POLICY CONCLUSIONS (2002) 99 CHAPTER 11 C.-D. EHLERMANN REFLECTIONS ON
THE PROCESS OF CLARIFICATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE DSU 105 I.
INTRODUCTION 105 II. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN (QUASI-) JUDICIAL AND
POLITICAL DECISION MAKING 106 III. DEVELOPING AND LEAST-DEVELOPED
COUNTRIES 108 IV. OTHER ISSUES 108 A. APPELLATE BODY 109 B. PANELS 110
C. AMICUS CURIAE BRIEFS AND TRANSPARENCY 110 D. THIRD PARTY RIGHTS 111
E. CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS INFORMATION 111 F. EFFICIENCY 111 TABLE OF
CONTENTS IX G. TIME FRAMES 111 H. REMEDIES 112 V. CONCLUSION 113 CHAPTER
12 E. KESSIE THE "EARLY HARVEST NEGOTIATIONS" IN 2003 11 5 I.
INTRODUCTION 115 II. PAST ATTEMPTS TO REFORM THE DSU 117 A. ATTEMPTS
BETWEEN 1998 AND 2001 117 B. THE SCOPE OF THE DOHA MANDATE 118 III.
REVIEW OF THE CHAIRMAN'S TEXT OF 28 MAY 2003 121 A. EVOLUTION OF THE
WORK OF THE SPECIAL SESSION OF THE DSB 121 B. REVIEW OF THE CHAIMAN'S
TEXT 123 IV. CONCLUSION 139 A. SYSTEM OF PERMANENT PANELLISTS 140 B.
REMEDIES 142 C. OTHER PROPOSALS 148 PART II WTO JURISPRUDENCE AND
DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE CHAPTER 13 P. C. MAVROIDIS DEVELOPMENT OF
WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES THROUGH CASE-LAW 153 I. THE DSU IS AN
INCOMPLETE CONTRACT WHEN IT COMES TO SETTING OUT THE PROCEDURES WHICH
WTO ADJUDICATING BODIES WILL HAVE TO FOLLOW 153 II. YOU, MEMBERS, DO NOT
HAVE THE EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO SUBMIT? 155 III. FACING THE CHALLENGES OF
PRACTICE 159 A. PARALLELISM BETWEEN CONSULTATIONS AND PANEL PROCEEDINGS
159 B. A LAWFUL REQUEST FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF A PANEL IS . 160 C.
BURDEN OF PROOF 160 D. TREATMENT OF CONFIDENTIAL EVIDENCE 172 IV. BRIEF
CONCLUDING REMARKS 176 CHAPTER 14 F. WEISS INHERENT POWERS OF NATIONAL
AND INTERNATIONAL COURTS 177 I. INTRODUCTION 177 II. A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF
INHERENT POWERS 178 III. THE USE OF INHERENT POWERS BY THE APPELLATE
BODY 179 A. THE APPELLATE BODY'S WORKING PROCEDURES 179 B. RELEVANT AB
PRACTICE 179 IV. INHERENT POWERS: LESSONS FROM INTERNATIONAL
ADJUDICATORY BODIES 182 A. THE CONCEPT OF INHERENT POWERS 182 X TABLE OF
CONTENTS B. REVISION OF AWARDS 185. C. INTERIM MEASURES 186 D. PROPRIO
MOTU 187 V. CONCLUSION: INHERENT POWERS OF THE AB? 189 CHAPTER 15 W. J.
DAVEY WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE RELATING TO GATT 1994 191 I. GATT
ARTICLE I - THE MOST-FAVOURED-NATION OBLIGATION 192 II. GATT ARTICLE III
- THE NATIONAL TREATMENT OBLIGATION 193 A. DISCRIMINATORY TAXATION 193
B. DISCRIMINATORY REGULATION OF LIKE PRODUCTS 197 III. GATT ARTICLE XI -
THE BAN ON QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS 200 IV. GATT ARTICLE XX - THE
GENERAL EXCEPTIONS 201 A. HEALTH MEASURES 201 B. ENFORCEMENT MEASURES
203 C. CONSERVATION MEASURES 204 D. THE CHAPEAU 206 V. OTHER GATT
ARTICLES 208 A. ARTICLE II 208 B. ARTICLE VIII 210 C. ARTICLE X 210 D.
ARTICLE XIII 212 E. ARTICLE XVIILB 213 F. ARTICLE XXIII: L(B) 213 G.
ARTICLE XXIV 214 H. ARTICLE XXVIII 215 VI. CONCLUSION 215 CHAPTER 16 F.
ORTINO WTO JURISPRUDENCE ON DE JURE AND DE FACTO DISCRIMINATION 217 I.
INTRODUCTION 217 II. THE NATIONAL TREATMENT PRINCIPLE AND THE
PROHIBITION OF FORMAL OR DE JURE DISCRIMINATION 218 A. ARTICLE 111:2
GATT AND FISCAL MEASURES 219 B. ARTICLE 111:4 GATT AND NON-FISCAL
REGULATION 222 III. THE NATIONAL TREATAMENT PRINCIPLE AND THE
PROHIBITION OF MATERIAL OR DE FACTO DISCRIMINATION 231 A. ARTICLE 111:2
GATT AND FISCAL MEASURES 232 B. ARTICLE 111:4 GATT AND NON-FISCAL
REGULATION 249 'IV. BRIEF CONCLUSION 262 TABLE OF CONTENTS XI CHAPTER 17
L. BARTELS WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE ON ARTICLE XXIV OF THE GATT
263 I. INTRODUCTION 263 II. SCOPE OF ARTICLE XXIV 264 III. ARTICLE XXIV
AND OTHER WTO RULES 265 IV. THE ARTICLE XXIV'DEFENCE' 266 A. SCOPE OF
THE ARTICLE XXIV 'DEFENCE' 267 B. JUSTICIABILITY OF REGIONAL TRADE
AGREEMENTS 267 C. TIMING OF THE MEASURE 268 D. NECESSITY OF THE MEASURE
269 V. BURDEN OF PROOF . 271 VI. CONCLUSIONS 272 CHAPTER 18 G. MARCEAU
AND J. P. TRACHTMAN GATT, TBT AND SPS: A MAP OF WTO LAW OF DOMESTIC
REGULATION OF GOODS 275 I. INTRODUCTION 275 II. HOW THE SPS AND TBT
AGREEMENTS CAME TO EXIST 277 III. COMPARING THE DISCIPLINES OF THE SPS
AGREEMENT, THE TBT AGREEMENT AND THE GATT 280 A. NON-DISCRIMINATION:
NATIONAL TREATMENT AND MOST-FAVOURED- NATION 280 B. NECESSITY AND
PROPORTIONALITY TESTS 288 C. APPROPRIATE LEVEL/SCIENTIFIC BASIS 297 D.
HARMONIZATION; CONFORMITY WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS 300 E. (MUTUAL)
RECOGNITION AND EQUIVALENCE 307 F. INTERNAL CONSISTENCY 308 G.
PERMISSION FOR PRECAUTIONARY ACTION 312 H. BALANCING 314 I.
PRODUCT/PROCESS ISSUES AND THE TERRITORIAL-EXTRATERRITORIAL DIVIDE 319
J. CONCLUSION 325 IV. INVOKING THE DISCIPLINES OF SPS, TBT AND THE GATT
326 A. CONDITIONS OF APPLICATION: APPLICABLE LAW 326 B. CUMULATIVE
APPLICATION AND THE INTERPRETATIVE PRINCIPLE OF EFFECTIVENESS 328 C.
GENERAL APPLICATION OF THE AGREEMENTS 333 D. APPLICATION TO SPECIFIC
TYPES OF OVERLAP 339 V. CONCLUSION 340 XII TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 19
E. OPUKU AWUKU WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE AND TRADE-RELATED
ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES 341 I. GATT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE ON
TRADE-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES 343 II. WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
PRACTICE ON TRADE-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES 345 III. BRIEF
CONCLUSIONS 351 CHAPTER 20 P. A. CLARKE, J. BOURGEOIS AND G. N. HORLICK
WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE RELATING TO SUBSIDIES AND COUNTERVAILING
MEASURES 35 3 I. INTRODUCTION 353 II. THE AGREEMENT ON SUBSIDIES AND
COUNTERVAILING MEASURES 353 A. PART I - GENERAL PROVISIONS 354 B. PART
III - ACTIONABLE SUBSIDIES 365 C. PART V - COUNTERVAILING MEASURES 369
D. PART VI - INSTITUTIONS 373 E. PART VII - NOTIFICATION AND
SURVEILLANCE 373 F. PART VIII - DEVELOPING COUNTRY MEMBERS 374 G. PART X
- DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 374 H. PART XI - FINAL PROVISIONS 375 III.
CONCLUSION 377 CHAPTER 21 W. ZDOUC WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE
RELATING TO THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES 381 I.
INTRODUCTION 381 II. THE MOST-FAVOURED-NATION TREATMENT CLAUSES OF GATT
AND GATS 382 III. THE NATIONAL TREATMENT CLAUSES OF GATS AND GATT 383
IV. MEASURES AFFECTING TRADE IN SERVICES 386 A. THE NOTION OF MEASURES
WITHIN THE SCOPE AND COVERAGE OF GATS 387 B. THE NOTION OF MEASURES
AFFECTING TRADE IN SERVICES 389 V. THE "LIKENESS" PROBLEM 394 A. THE
"LIKENESS" OF SERVICE TRANSACTIONS 395 B. THE "LIKENESS" OF SERVICE
SUPPLIERS 397 C. THE "LIKENESS" OF SERVICES AND SERVICE SUPPLIERS ACROSS
MODES OF SUPPLY 401 VI. NO LESS FAVOURABLE TREATMENT 403 A. DE FACTO
DISCRIMINATION UNDER THE GATS NATIONAL TREATMENT CLAUSE 406 TABLE OF
CONTENTS XII I B. LIMITS OF DE FACTO DISCRIMINATION UNDER THE GATS
NATIONAL TREATMENT CLAUSE 410 C. DE FACTO DISCRIMINATION UNDER THE GATS
MFN TREATMENT CLAUSE 413 VII. CONCLUSIONS ON THE MFN AND NATIONAL
TREATMENT PRINCIPLES APPLIED TO SERVICES 416 CHAPTER 22 F. M. ABBOTT WTO
DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE RELATING TO THE AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 421 I. INTRODUCTION 421 II. DECIDED CASES
422 A. INDIA - PATENT PROTECTION FOR PHARMACEUTICAL AND AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICAL PRODUCTS (INDIA ~ MAILBOX) 422 B. CANADA - PATENT PROTECTION OF
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS (CANADA * GENERIC PHARMACEUTICALS) 424 C. UNITED
STATES - SECTION 211 OMNIBUS APPROPRIATIONS ACT OF 1998 (US - HAVANA
CLUB) 432 D. UNITED STATES - SECTION 110(5) OF THE US COPYRIGHT ACT (US
- COPYRIGHT EXEMPTION) 439 E. CANADA - TERM OF PATENT PROTECTION (CANADA
- PATENT TERM) 439 F. US CLAIMS REGARDING BRAZIL'S COMPULSORY LICENSING
LEGISLATION 440 III. PROCESS MATTERS 441 A. WIPO REPORTS 441 B. BURDEN
OF PROOF 442 IV. THE DOHA DECLARATION AND ITS JURISPRUDENTIAL
IMPLICATIONS 444 V. NON-VIOLATION NULLIFICATION OR IMPAIRMENT IN TRIPS
449 VI. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSION 453 CHAPTER 23 M. MATSUSHITA
APPELLATE BODY JURISPRUDENCE ON THE GATS AND TRIPS AGREEMENTS 455 I.
INTRODUCTION 455 II. APPEAL CASES UNDER THE GATS 455 A. CANADA -
PERIODICALS 456 B. EC-BANANAS 457 C. CANADA - AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 459 D.
ANALYSIS 460 E. A RECENT TELECOM DISPUTE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND
MEXICO 463 III. APPEAL CASES UNDER THE TRIPS 465 A. CANADA - PATENT 465
B. INDIA - PATENT 466 C. UNITED STATES - SECTION 211 OMNIBUS
APPROPRIATION ACT OF 1998 467 D. ANALYSIS 470 XIV TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 24 A. H. QURESHI PARTICIPATION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN THE
WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 475 I. INTRODUCTION 475 II. BRIEF
STATISTICAL ACCOUNT 476 III. THE CRITERIA FOR MEASURING PARTICIPATION BY
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 480 IV. THE "DEVELOPING CONDITION" OF A MEMBER IN
THE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PRACTICE 482 V. PROBLEMS AND REFORM 493 A.
REFORMS 495 CHAPTER 25 C.-D. EHLERMANN SIX YEARS ON THE BENCH OF THE
"WORLD TRADE COURT" 499 I. THE EXCEPTIONAL CHARACTER OF THE WTO DISPUTE
SETTLEMENT SYSTEM 500 II. THE COMPOSITION OF THE APPELLATE BODY 501 III.
THE WORKING PROCEDURES 503 A. PROCEDURE FOR ADOPTION 503 B. DIVISIONS OF
THREE APPELLATE BODY MEMBERS AND THE DURATION OF THE APPEAL PROCEDURE
504 C EXCHANGE OF VIEWS 505 D. SELECTION OF MEMBERS CONSTITUTING A
DIVISION 506 E. OVERALL EVALUATION 507 IV. METHOD OF INTERPRETATION 508
V. THE EARLY CLARIFICATION OF PROCEDURAL ISSUES 511 A. BURDEN OF PROOF
511 B. STANDARD OF REVIEW 512 C. DISTINCTION BETWEEN ISSUES OF LAW AND
ISSUES OF FACTS 513 D. SPECIAL PROBLEM OF THE DETERMINATION OF THE
MEANING OF MUNICIPAL LAW 515 E. FACT FINDING BY PANELS AND THE
CORRESPONDING DUTIES OF WTO R- MEMBERS 515 (YIY THE PANEL STRUCTURE 519
VII. ISSUES OF SUBSTANTIVE LAW 520 A. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 520 B.
DIFFICULTIES ARISING FROM STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WTO AND EC LAW
520 C. CUMULATING OF SUBSTANTIVE OBLIGATIONS IN WTO LAW 521 D. MORE
STRINGENT WTO LAW THAN EC LAW OBLIGATIONS 522 VIII. THE TENSIONS BETWEEN
THE STRONG (QUASI-) JUDICIAL AND THE WEAK POLITICAL STRUCTURES 523 TABLE
OF CONTENTS XV A. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 523 B. UNSATISFACTORY
FUNCTIONING OF POLITICAL FILTERS 524 C. BLOCKAGE OF THE PROCESS OF
INTERPRETATIONS AND AMENDMENTS 525 D. URGENCY OF IMPROVING POLITICAL
DECISION-MAKING 526 E. DANGERS OF ATTRIBUTING DIRECT EFFECT OF WTO LAW
527 F. RESPONSIBILITY OF THE APPELLATE BODY: PRINCIPLED OR CASE-SPECIFIC
REASONING? 528 IX. CONCLUSIONS 529 CHAPTER 26 N. PARK STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS OF THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM (1995-2000) 531 EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY 531 ABBREVIATIONS 533 I. OVERVIEW OF THE STATE OF WTO DISPUTE
SETTLEMENT 534 A. STATE OF ANNUAL COMPLAINTS 534 B. STATE OF COMPLAINTS
BY COUNTRY 536 C. JOINT COMPLAINTS 536 D. STATE OF RESPONSES BY COUNTRY
536 E. TRENDS IN THE COMPLAINTS AND RESPONSES 537 II. WAYS OF DISPUTE
SETTLEMENT 538 V.Y A. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES BY THE ADOPTION OF PR/ABR
538 B. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES BY OTHER WAYS INCLUDING BILATERAL
SETTLEMENT 539 III. STATE OF USE OF THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM
540 A. CONSULTATION PROCESS 540 B. PANEL PROCESS 540 C. APPELLATE
PROCESS 541 IV. PARTICIPATION AS A THIRD PARTY 542 A. PARTICIPATING IN
CONSULTATIONS 542 B. PARTICIPATING IN PANEL PROCEDURES 543 C.
PARTICIPATING IN APPEAL PROCEDURES 543 V. OVERVIEW OF THE WTO AGREEMENTS
INVOKED IN DISPUTES 544 A. THE WTO AGREEMENTS INVOKED IN DISPUTES 544 B.
PROVISIONS OF THE GATT 1994 INVOKED IN DISPUTES 544 C. STATE OF DISPUTES
BY THE GATS 545 D. STATE OF DISPUTES BY THE TRIPS 546 VI. TIME TAKEN IN
THE PROCESS OF DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 546 A. FROM THE REQUEST FOR
CONSULTATION TO THE ADOPTION OF PR/ABR 546 B. FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF
A PANEL TO THE CIRCULATION OF THE PR 547 C. FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A
PANEL TO THE ADOPTION OF PR/ABR 547 D. FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A PANEL
TO THE DECISION ON THE REASONABLE PERIOD OF TIME FOR IMPLEMENTATION 547
XVI TABLE OF CONTENTS E. TOTAL AMOUNT OF TIME TAKEN FOR THE SETTLEMENT
OF DISPUTES 549 VII. STATE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RULINGS OF THE DSB
550 A. DISPUTES CONCERNING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RULINGS OF THE DSB
550 B. DISPUTES CONCERNING THE LEVEL OF RETALIATION 552 C. AUTHORIZATION
FOR RETALIATORY MEASURES 553 ANNEX I: CHRONOLOGICAL LISTS OF WTO DISPUTE
SETTLEMENT INVOCATIONS AND REPORTS 555 ANNEX II: REPORT BY THE CHAIRMAN
OF THE SPECIAL SESSIONS OF THE DSB TO THE TNC OF 6 JUNE 2003 579 INDEX
599 |
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| spelling | The WTO Dispute Settlement System 1995 - 2003 ed. by Federico Ortino ... The Hague [u.a.] Kluwer Law International 2004 XXII, 607 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Studies in transnational economic law 18 World Trade Organization (DE-588)2145784-0 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1995-2003 gnd rswk-swf Streiterledigung (DE-588)4183641-8 gnd rswk-swf World Trade Organization (DE-588)2145784-0 b Streiterledigung (DE-588)4183641-8 s Geschichte 1995-2003 z DE-604 Ortino, Federico edt Studies in transnational economic law 18 (DE-604)BV000006264 18 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014689427&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)2145784-0 (DE-588)4183641-8 |
| title | The WTO Dispute Settlement System 1995 - 2003 |
| title_auth | The WTO Dispute Settlement System 1995 - 2003 |
| title_exact_search | The WTO Dispute Settlement System 1995 - 2003 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The WTO Dispute Settlement System 1995 - 2003 |
| title_full | The WTO Dispute Settlement System 1995 - 2003 ed. by Federico Ortino ... |
| title_fullStr | The WTO Dispute Settlement System 1995 - 2003 ed. by Federico Ortino ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | The WTO Dispute Settlement System 1995 - 2003 ed. by Federico Ortino ... |
| title_short | The WTO Dispute Settlement System 1995 - 2003 |
| title_sort | the wto dispute settlement system 1995 2003 |
| topic | World Trade Organization (DE-588)2145784-0 gnd Streiterledigung (DE-588)4183641-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | World Trade Organization Streiterledigung |
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