International agency, distribution and licensing agreements:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch Software E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
Sweet & Maxwell
2003
|
| Ausgabe: | 4. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Commercial series
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| ISBN: | 0421791101 0421877502 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION XXV
PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION XXVII
TABLE OF CASES XXIX
TABLE OF STATUTES XLIII
TABLE OF STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS XLVII
TABLE OF EUROPEAN LEGISLATION XLIX
TABLE OF FOREIGN LEGISLATION LV
1-01
1-09
1-09
1-17
1-39
1-40
1-41
1-11
1-41
1-41
1-44
1-45
1-47
1-58
1-58
1-59
1-60
1-61
1-62
1-90
1-104
114
-114
-118
419
1-150
1-151
1 DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
DEFINITIONS
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.2.5
1.2.6
1.2.7
1.2.8
1.2.9
1.2.10
1.2.11
THE PRODUCTS
THE TERRITORY
THE TRADE MARK
THE PATENTS
CONNECTED PERSON
DIRECTOR
HOLDING AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANY
THE GROUP
COMPETING ACTIVITY
THE INFORMATION
THE KNOWHOW
INTERPRETATION
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
1.3.5
HEADINGS
LEGISLATION
REFERENCES
ORDER OF PRECEDENCE
PROPER LAW
CONFIDENTIALITY CLAUSES
COMPETING ACTIVITY CLAUSES
DISPUTES
1.6.1
1.6.2
1.6.3
1.6.4
1.6.5
ARBITRATION
EXPERT
COURTS
WAIVER
SEVERABILITY
CONTENTS
1.6.6 COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS 1-152
1.6.7 POWER OF ATTORNEY 1-153
1.7 FORCE MAJEURE 1-155
1.8 WHOLE AGREEMENT 1-172
1.8.1 WHOLE AGREEMENT CLAUSE 1-172
1.8.2 VARIATION I
190
1.8.3 PRIOR AGREEMENTS 1-191
1.9 NO JOINT VENTURE OR PARTNERSHIP 1-193
1.10 THIRD PARTY RIGHTS UNDER CONTRACTS 1-194
1.11 NOTICES AND OTHER COMMUNICATIONS 1-199
1.12 AUTHORITY TO EXECUTE 1-201
1.13 STAMP DUTY AND EXECUTION CLAUSES 1-202
AGENCY AGREEMENTS OUTSIDE THE EC
2.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 2-01
2-2 APPOINTMENT OF AGENT 2-08
2.2.1 APPOINTMENT 2-08
2.2.2 TERM OF AGREEMENT 2-11
2.3 RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENT 2-12
2.3.1 DUE DILIGENCE 2-12
2.3.2 PROPER FACILITIES 2-17
2.3.3 MARKET INTELLIGENCE 2-18
2.3.4 COMPLIANCE WITH LOCAL LAW 2-19
2.3.5 CONFIDENTIALITY 2-20
2.3.6 NO AUTHORITY TO BIND PRINCIPAL 2-21
2.3.7 NOTIFICATION OF AGENCY STATUS 2-22
2.3.8 LIMITS ON EXCLUSIVITY 2-23
2.3.9 NOT TO ACT OUTSIDE TERRITORY 2-24
2.3.10 RESTRICTIONS ON NEGOTIATING TERMS 2-25
2.3.11 SALES AS A FACTOR 2-27
2.3.12 COLLECTION OF PRINCIPAL S MONIES 2-28
2.3.13 SEPARATE BANK ACCOUNT 2-29
2.3.14 DEL CREDERE GUARANTEE 2-30
2.4 RESPONSIBILITIES OF PRINCIPAL 2-31
2.4.1 SALES LITERATURE, DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION 2-31
2.4.2 SAMPLES 2-32
2.4.3 DIRECT QUOTATION IN TERRITORY 2-35
2.4.4 RESPONSIBILITY FOR AGENT S EXPENSES 2-36
2.4.5 ADVERTISING 2-39
2.4.6 ACCEPTANCE OF ORDERS 2-40
2.4.7 PAYMENT OF COMMISSION 2-41
2.5 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 2-42
2.6 NON-ASSIGNMENT BY AGENT 2-46
2.7 TERMINATION OF AGREEMENT 2-47
2.8 GOOD BUSINESS PRACTICE 2-56
2.9 DISCLOSURE AND REGISTRATION 2-57
2.10 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 2-58
VI
CONTENTS
2.11 SCHEDULE 1 - THE PRODUCTS
2.12 SCHEDULE 2 - THE TERRITORY
2.13 SCHEDULE 3 - THE COMMISSION
2.14 SCHEDULE 4 - STOCK OF THE PRODUCTS
AGENCY AGREEMENTS INSIDE THE EC
3.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND
3.2 APPOINTMENT OF AGENT
3.2.1 APPOINTMENT
3.2.2 TERM OF AGREEMENT
3.3 RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE AGENT
3.3.1 DUE DILIGENCE
3.3.2 PROPER FACILITIES
3.3.3 MARKET INTELLIGENCE
3.3.4 COMPLIANCE WITH LOCAL LAW
3.3.5 CONFIDENTIALITY
3.3.6 NO AUTHORITY TO BIND PRINCIPAL
3.3.7 NOTIFICATION OF AGENCY STATUS
3.3.8 LIMITS ON EXCLUSIVITY
3.3.9 NOT TO ACT OUTSIDE TERRITORY
3.3.10 RESTRICTIONS ON NEGOTIATING TERMS
3.3.11 SALES AS A FACTOR
3.3.12 COLLECTION OF PRINCIPAL S MONIES
3.3.13 SEPARATE BANK ACCOUNT
3.3.14 DEL CREDERE GUARANTEE
3.4 RESPONSIBILITIES OF PRINCIPAL
3.4.1 SALES LITERATURE, DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION
3.4.2 SAMPLES
3.4.3 DIRECT QUOTATION IN TERRITORY
3.4.4 RESPONSIBILITY FOR AGENT S EXPENSES
3.4.5 ADVERTISING
3.4.6 ACCEPTANCE OF ORDERS
3.4.7 PAYMENT OF COMMISSION
3.4.8 SALES FORECASTS
3.4.9 DUTY TO ACT IN GOOD FAITH
3.5 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
3.6 NON-ASSIGNMENT BY AGENT
3.7 TERMINATION OF AGREEMENT
3.8 GOOD BUSINESS PRACTICE
3.9 DISCLOSURE AND REGISTRATION
3.10 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE
3.11 SCHEDULE 1 - THE PRODUCTS
3.12 SCHEDULE 2 - THE TERRITORY
3.13 SCHEDULE 3 - THE COMMISSION
3.14 SCHEDULE 4 - STOCK OF THE PRODUCTS
2-58
2-58
2-59
2-66
3-01
3-20
3-20
3-75
3-80
3-80
3-81
3-82
3-83
3-84
3-85
3-86
3-87
3-88
3-89
3-90
3-91
3-92
3-93
3-94
3-94
3-95
3-96
3-97
3-98
3-99
3-100
3-101
3-102
3-104
3-105
3-106
3-204
3-205
3-206
3-206
3-206
3-227
3-279
VLL
CONTENTS
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS OUTSIDE THE EC
4.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 4-01
4.2 LICENCE 4
16
4.3 GENERAL UNDERTAKINGS BY DISTRIBUTOR 4-18
4.3.1 DUE DILIGENCE 4-18
4.3.2 NO INTERFERENCE WITH SALES OF PRODUCTS 4-19
4.3.3 CONFORM TO LOCAL LEGISLATION 4-20
4.3.4 PROPER STORAGE OF PRODUCTS 4-21
4.3.5 PURCHASE TARGETS 4-23
4.3.6 NON-COMPETITION CLAUSE 4-24
4.3.7 NO COPYING OF PRODUCTS 4-25
4.3.8 PATENT AND TRADE MARK NOTICES 4-64
4.3.9 SHIPMENT INSPECTION REPORTS 4-65
4.3.10 INDEMNITY 4-66
4.4 ENQUIRIES 4*67
4.5 NON-EXPORT CLAUSE 4-68
4.6 SUPPLY OF THE PRODUCTS 4-70
4.6.1 EXCLUSIVE PURCHASE 4-70
4.6.2 TERMS AND CONDITIONS 4-71
4.6.3 MOST FAVOURED NATION CLAUSE 4-73
4.6.4 MODIFICATIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS 4-74
4.7 DISTRIBUTOR S RECORDS 4-78
4.8 ADVERTISING AND MERCHANDISING 4-79
4.9 SALES AND MARKETING POLICIES 4-83
4.10 STOCK OF THE PRODUCTS 4-88
4.11 DISTRIBUTOR S STAFF 4-89
4.12 MONTHLY REPORTS 4-90
4.13 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 4-91
4.14 NO JOINT VENTURE OR PARTNERSHIP 4-96
4.15 COMMENCEMENT AND TERM OF AGREEMENT 4-97
4.16 TERMINATION 4*113
4.17 EFFECT OF TERMINATION 4-119
4.18 CONFIDENTIALITY 4-124
4.19 TRANSMISSION OF RIGHTS 4-125
4.20 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 4-126
4.21 SCHEDULE 1 - THE PRODUCTS 4-126
4.22 SCHEDULE 2 - THE TERRITORY 4-126
4.23 SCHEDULE 3 - THE TRADE MARK 4-126
4.24 SCHEDULE 4 - PURCHASE TARGETS 4-127
4.25 SCHEDULE 5 - COMPETING GOODS 4*129
4.26 SCHEDULE 6 - TERMS OF SUPPLY OF PRINCIPAL 4-130
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS INSIDE THE EC
5.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 5-01
5.1.1 EC COMPETITION LAW 5-02
5.1.2 COMPETITION LAW IN THE UK 5-429
5.1.3 PRACTICAL GUIDELINES ON COMPETITION LAW ANALYSIS 5-462
VIII
CONTENTS
5.2 LICENCE 5-474
5.3 GENERAL UNDERTAKINGS BY DISTRIBUTOR 5-507
5.3.1 DUE DILIGENCE 5-507
5.3.2 NO INTERFERENCE WITH SALES OF PRODUCTS 5-508
5.3.3 CONFORMING TO LOCAL LEGISLATION 5-510
5.3.4 PROPER STORAGE OF PRODUCTS 5-511
5.3.5 PURCHASE TARGETS 5-512
5.3.6 NON-COMPETITION CLAUSE 5-519
5.3.7 NO COPYING OF PRODUCTS 5-546
5.3.8 PATENT AND TRADE MARK NOTICES 5-548
5.3.9 SHIPMENT INSPECTION REPORTS 5-569
5.3.10 INDEMNITY FOR BREACH 5-570
5.4 ENQUIRIES 5-571
5.5 EXTRA-TERRITORIAL ACTIVITIES 5-581
5.5.1 SALES ACTIVITIES INSIDE THE EC 5-581
5.5.2 SALES ACTIVITIES OUTSIDE THE EC 5-607
5.5.3 IDENTICAL OBLIGATIONS ON OTHER DISTRIBUTORS 5-612
5.6 SUPPLY OF THE PRODUCTS 5-618
5.6.1 EXCLUSIVE PURCHASE 5-618
5.6.2 TERMS AND CONDITIONS 5-628
5.6.3 MOST FAVOURED NATION CLAUSE 5-629
5.6.4 MODIFICATIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS 5-655
5.7 DISTRIBUTOR S RECORDS 5-656
5.8 ADVERTISING AND MERCHANDISING 5-657
5.9 SALES AND MARKETING POLICIES 5-660
5.10 STOCK OF THE PRODUCTS 5-678
5.11 DISTRIBUTOR S STAFF 5-682
5.12 MONTHLY REPORTS 5-684
5.13 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 5-685
5.14 NO JOINT VENTURE OR PARTNERSHIP 5-694
5.15 COMMENCEMENT AND TERM OF AGREEMENT 5-695
5.16 TERMINATION 5-696
5.17 EFFECT OF TERMINATION 5-697
5.18 CONFIDENTIALITY 5-704
5.19 TRANSMISSION OF RIGHTS 5-709
5.20 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 5-710
5.21 SCHEDULE 1 - THE PRODUCTS 5-711
5.22 SCHEDULE 2 - THE TERRITORY 5-711
5.23 SCHEDULE 3 - THE TRADE MARK 5-711
5.24 SCHEDULE 4 - PURCHASE TARGETS 5*712
5.25 SCHEDULE 5 * COMPETING GOODS 5*713
5.26 SCHEDULE 6 * RESERVED TERRITORIES AND RESERVED CUSTOMER
GROUPS 5*714
5.27 SCHEDULE 7 - TERMS OF SUPPLY OF PRINCIPAL 5-714
IX
CONTENTS
SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION FOR TECHNICAL AND LUXURY PRODUCTS
6.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 6-01
6.1.1 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS UNDER EC
COMPETITION LAW 6-07
6.1.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION UNDER THE LOCAL LAWS OF EC
MEMBER STATES 6-30
6.1.3 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS IN TERRITORIES
OUTSIDE THE EC 6-50
6.1.4 THE BASIS AND APPLICABILITY OF THE PRECEDENT 6-51
6.2 SCOPE AND PURPOSE 6-54
6.2.1 DEFINITION OF NETWORK 6-54
6.2.2 AUTHORISED DISTRIBUTORS 6-55
6.2.3 AUTHORISED RETAILERS 6-56
6.2.4 PURPOSE 6-57
6.3 APPOINTMENT OF DISTRIBUTOR AS AUTHORISED DISTRIBUTOR 6-59
6.4 DISTRIBUTOR REQUIREMENTS 6-64
6.5 GENERAL UNDERTAKINGS BY DISTRIBUTOR 6-68
6.6 ENQUIRIES 6-79
6.7 SALES ACTIVITIES 6-82
6.8 SUPPLY OF THE PRODUCTS 6-102
6.8.1 PURCHASE WITHIN NETWORK 6-102
6.8.2 TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SUPPLY 6-103
6.9 RECORDS, INSPECTION AND POLICING 6-106
6.10 MONTHLY REPORTS 6-117
6.11 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 6-118
6.12 COMMENCEMENT AND TERM OF AGREEMENT 6-119
6.13 TERMINATION 6-125
6.14 EFFECTS OF TERMINATION 6-138
6.15 CONFIDENTIALITY 6-140
6.16 TRANSMISSION OF RIGHTS 6-142A
6.17 TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR DISTRIBUTOR 6-143
6.18 APPOINTMENT OF AUTHORISED RETAILERS 6-144
6.19 APPOINTMENT OF AUTHORISED DISTRIBUTORS 6-166
6.20 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 6-174
6.21 SCHEDULE 1 - DEFINITIONS 6-175
6.22 SCHEDULE 2 - DISTRIBUTOR REQUIREMENTS 6-178
6.23 SCHEDULE 3 - RETAILER REQUIREMENTS 6-233
6.24 SCHEDULE 4 - TECHNICAL SUPPORT 6-243
6.24.1 CLASSIFICATION OF KNOWHOW 6-243
6.24.2 FORM OF KNOWHOW 6-248
6.24.3 DELIVERY OF KNOWHOW 6-249
6.24.4 ESCROW AGREEMENT FOR MANUFACTURING
INFORMATION 6-250
6.24.5 ADDITIONAL KNOWHOW 6-252
6.24.6 USE OF MANUFACTURING KNOWHOW 6-253
6.24.7 NO MODIFICATION OF PRODUCTS 6-254
6.24.8 NO WARRANTY AS TO ACCURACY OF KNOWHOW 6-255
CONTENTS
6.24.9 NO WARRANTY ON INFRINGEMENT 6-256
6.24.10 SPARES 6-257
6.24.11 EPIDEMIC FAILURE 6-258
6.24.12 DISTRIBUTOR TO SERVICE WARRANTIES 6-259
6.24.13 DISTRIBUTOR TO PROVIDE AFTER-SALES SERVICE 6-264
6.24.14 QUALITY CONTROL IN SERVICING 6-265
6.24.15 PRINCIPAL TO SUPPLY SPARES 6-277
6.24.16 NO OTHER WARRANTIES FROM PRINCIPAL 6-333
6.25 SCHEDULE 5 - AUTHORISED RETAILER AGREEMENT 6-334
6.26 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION IN THE MOTOR VEHICLE SECTOR 6-363
6.27 FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS 6*408
MANUFACTURING AGREEMENTS OUTSIDE THE EC
7.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 7-01
7.2 LICENCE 7-13
7.3 LICENSEE S GENERAL UNDERTAKINGS 7-14
7.3.1 DUE DILIGENCE 7-14
7.3.2 NO INTERFERENCE WITH SALES OF PRODUCTS 7-15
7.3.3 CONFORMING TO LOCAL LEGISLATION 7-16
7.3.4 PROPER STORAGE OF PRODUCTS 7-17
7.3.5 TARGETS 7-18
7.3.6 NON-COMPETITION CLAUSE 7-19
7.3.7 PATENT AND TRADE MARK NOTICES 7-20
7.3.8 INDEMNITY 7-21
7.4 ENQUIRIES 7-24
7.5 EXTRA-TERRITORIAL ACTIVITIES 7-25
7.6 SUPPLY OF THE PRODUCTS 7-28
7.6.1 OPTIONS TO MANUFACTURE OR PURCHASE 7-28
7.6.2 SUBCONTRACTING 7-29
7.6.3 *PURCHASE FROM PRINCIPAL OF COMPONENTS AND
INGREDIENTS 7-30
7.6.4 QUALITY CONTROL 7-33
7.6.5 TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SUPPLY OF PRODUCTS 7-34
7.6.6 ROYALTY 7-35
7.7 LICENSEE S RECORDS 7-36
7.8 ADVERTISING AND MERCHANDISING 7-37
7.9 SALES AND MARKETING POLICIES 7-42
7.10 STOCK OF THE PRODUCTS 7^7
7.11 LICENSEE S STAFF 7^8
7.12 MONTHLY REPORTS 7^*9
7.13 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 7-50
7.14 NO JOINT VENTURE OR PARTNERSHIP 7-51
7.15 COMMENCEMENT AND TERM OF AGREEMENT 7-52
7.16 TERMINATION 7-58
7.17 EFFECTS OF TERMINATION 7-60
7.18 CONFIDENTIALITY 7-70
7.19 TRANSMISSION OF RIGHTS 7-71
XI
CONTENTS
7.20 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 7-76
7.21 SCHEDULE 1 - DEFINITIONS 7-76
7.22 SCHEDULE 2 - TARGETS 7-77
7.23 SCHEDULE 3 - EXCEPTIONS TO ANY RESTRICTIONS UPON THE LICENSEE
DEALING WITH COMPETITIVE GOODS 7-80
7.24 SCHEDULE 4 - ITEMS TO BE PURCHASED FROM PRINCIPAL 7-81
7.25 SCHEDULE 5 - SPECIFICATIONS, PRODUCTION METHODS AND QUALITY
STANDARDS 7-82
7.26 SCHEDULE 6 - TERMS OF SUPPLY OF PRINCIPAL 7-92
7.27 SCHEDULE 7 - ROYALTY 7-93
MANUFACTURING AGREEMENTS INSIDE THE EC
8.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 8-01
8.1.1 CURRENT POSITION UNDER EC COMPETITION LAW 8-01
8.1.2 CURRENT POSITION UNDER UK COMPETITION LAW 8-71
8.2 LICENCE 8-84
8.3 LICENSEE S GENERAL UNDERTAKING 8-104
8.3.1 DUE DILIGENCE 8-104
8.3.2 CONFORMING TO LOCAL LEGISLATION 8-105
8.3.3 PROPER STORAGE OF PRODUCTS 8-106
8.3.4 TARGETS 8-107
8.3.5 NON-COMPETITION CLAUSE 8-108
8.3.6 PATENT AND TRADE MARK NOTICES 8-109
8.3.7 INDEMNITY 8-110
8.4 ENQUIRIES 8-111
8.5 EXTRA-TERRITORIAL ACTIVITIES 8-112
8.6 SUPPLY OF THE PRODUCTS 8-142
8.6.1 OPTIONS TO MANUFACTURE OR PURCHASE 8-142
8.6.2 SUBCONTRACTING 8-144
8.6.3 PURCHASE FROM LICENSOR OF COMPONENTS AND
INGREDIENTS 8-145
8.6.4 QUALITY CONTROL 8-146
8.6.5 TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SUPPLY OF LICENSOR 8-147
8.6.6 ROYALTY 8-148
8.7 LICENSEE S RECORDS 8-149
8.8 ADVERTISING AND MERCHANDISING 8-150
8.9 SALES AND MARKETING POLICIES 8-151
8.10 STOCKS OF THE PRODUCTS 8-157
8.11 LICENSEE S STAFF 8-158
8.12 MONTHLY REPORTS 8-159
8.13 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 8-160
8.14 NO JOINT VENTURE OR PARTNERSHIP 8-166
8.15 COMMENCEMENT AND TERM OF AGREEMENT 8-167
8.16 TERMINATION 8-168
8.17 EFFECTS OF TERMINATION 8-170
8.18 CONFIDENTIALITY 8-175
8.19 TRANSMISSION OF RIGHTS 8-176
XII
CONTENTS
8.20 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 8-177
8.21 SCHEDULE 1 - DEFINITIONS 8-177
8.22 SCHEDULE 2 - TARGETS 8 178
8.23 SCHEDULE 3 * EXCEPTIONS TO ANY RESTRICTIONS UPON THE LICENSEE
DEALING WITH COMPETITIVE GOODS 8-180
8.24 SCHEDULE 4 * ITEMS TO BE PURCHASED FROM LICENSOR 8-181
8.25 SCHEDULE S * SPECIFICATIONS, PRODUCTION METHODS AND QUALITY
STANDARDS 8-182
8.26 SCHEDULE 6 * TERMS OF SUPPLY OF LICENSOR 8-195
8.27 SCHEDULE 7 - ROYALTY 8-196
8.28 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIELD OF LICENSING UNDER EC
COMPETITION LAW 8-200
CONSULTANCY AGREEMENTS
9.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND
9.1.1 GENERAL COMMERCIAL ISSUES
9.1.2 COMPETITION LAW CONSIDERATIONS
9.2 PARTIES
9.3 PURPOSES
9.3.1 MARKETING ASSISTANCE TO DISTRIBUTOR
9.3.2 PRODUCT INTRODUCTION
9.3.3 FINDING A DISTRIBUTOR
9.3.4 LICENCES TO MARKET THE PRODUCTS
9.4 DATE AND TERM
9.5 SUPERVISION AND ASSISTANCE
9.5.1 LIAISON WITH DISTRIBUTOR
9.5.2 TECHNICAL ADVICE
9.5.3 SAMPLING
9.5.4 MARKET RESEARCH
9.5.5 MARKETING ADVICE
9.5.6 INFRINGEMENT WATCH
9.5.7 REPORTS
9.6 PRODUCT INTRODUCTION
9.6.1 SALES PROMOTIONS
9.6.2 CLINICAL TESTS
9.7 IDENTIFYING A DISTRIBUTOR
9.8 REMUNERATION
9.8.1 COMMISSION ON DISTRIBUTOR S PURCHASES
9.8.2 COMMISSION ON CUSTOMER S PURCHASES
9.8.3 FIXED SUM FOR PRODUCT INTRODUCTION
9.8.4 FIXED SUM FOR IDENTIFYING DISTRIBUTOR
9.8.5 HOURLY RATE
9.9 EXPENSES
9.10 WARRANTY ON CONFLICT OF INTEREST
9.11 NOTIFICATION OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST
9.12 DUE DILIGENCE
9.13 CONFIDENTIALITY
9-01
9-01
9-03
9-16
9-18
9-18
9-19
9-20
9-21
9-25
9-29
9-29
9-30
9-31
9-32
9-33
9-34
9-35
9-36
9-36
9-37
9-39
9-42
9-42
9-43
9-44
9-45
9-46
9-47
9-49
9-50
9-52
9-53
XUL
CONTENTS
9.14 GOOD BUSINESS PRACTICE 9-54
9.15 DISCLOSURE AND REGISTRATION 9-85
9.15.1 PRINCIPAL MAY DISCLOSE AGREEMENT 9-85
9.15.2 CONSULTANT TO REGISTER AGREEMENT 9-86
9.16 INDEMNITY FOR BREACH 9-87
9.17 TERMINATION WITHOUT NOTICE 9-88
9.18 NO COMPENSATION ON TERMINATION 9-90
9.19 RETURN OF DOCUMENTS 9-91
9.20 PAYMENTS 9-92
9.21 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 9-93
10 ESCROW AGREEMENTS
10.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 10-01
10.2 DEFINITIONS 10-13
10.3 SCOPE AND PURPOSE 10-21
10.4 THE TRUSTS 10-23
10.5 SAFEKEEPING 10-38
10.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 10-42
10.7 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 10-46
10.8 SCHEDULE 1 - THE PACKAGE 10-47
10.9 SCHEDULE 2 - THE CHARGES 10-47
10.10 SCHEDULE 3 - THE DISTRIBUTOR S CERTIFICATE 10-47
10.11 SCHEDULE 4 - THE PRINCIPAL S CERTIFICATE 10-51
11 SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION LICENCES
11.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 11-01
11.2 PREAMBLE 11-26
11.3 DEFINITIONS 11-30
11.4 LICENCE FOR SOURCE MATERIAL 11-32
11.5 LICENCE FOR PROGRAM 11-43
11.6 TERMS OF SUBLICENCE 11*46
11.7 COPYRIGHT NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER 11-59
11.8 TERM AND TERMINATION 11-60
11.9 NO WARRANTY 11-66
11.10 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 11-67
11.11 SCHEDULE*COPYRIGHT NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER 11-68
12 TRADE MARK LICENCES
12.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 12-01
12.2 PREAMBLE 12-08
12.3 GRANT OF RIGHTS 12-10
12.4 SPECIFICATIONS, PRODUCTION METHODS AND QUALITY STANDARDS 12-15
12.5 TERM 12-18
12.6 TRADE MARK RIGHTS 12-21
12.7 NO WARRANTY 12-22
12.8 ASSIGNMENT AND SUBCONTRACTING 12-24
12.9 NOTICES 12-25
12.10 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 12-26
XIV
CONTENTS
13 AUSTRALIA
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
INTRODUCTION
AGENCY
13.2.1
13.2.2
13.2.3
13.2.4
13.2.5
13.2.6
13.2.7
13.2.8
13.2.9
13.2.10
13.2.11
13.2.12
AGREEMENTS
GENERAL RELATIONSHIP
CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN AUSTRALIA
PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT
SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION
POWER TO BIND
GUARANTEES
TRADEMARKS*AUTHORISED USERS
TERMINATION AND COMPENSATION
SECRET COMMISSIONS AND GIFTS
FORMALITIES
EXCHANGE CONTROL AND WITHHOLDING TAX
OWNERSHIP ISSUES
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS
13.3.1
13.3.2
13.3.3
13.3.4
13.3.5
13.3.6
13.3.7
13.3.8
13.3.9
13.3.10
13.3.11
13.3.12
13.3.13
GENERAL RELATIONSHIP
13-01
13-05
13-05
13-06
13-09
13-15
13-16
13-17
13-19
13-20
13-24
13-25
13-26
13-27
13-31
13-31
CARRYING ON BUSINESS OR PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT
IN AUSTRALIA
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
TRADE PRACTICES ACT
UNFAIR TRADING PRACTICES
DAMAGES FOR NON-PERFORMANCE
SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION
POWER TO BIND
TRADE MARKS*AUTHORISED USERS
COMPENSATION
FORMALITIES, EXCHANGE CONTROL, WITHHOLDING
EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY
SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
MANUFACTURING AGREEMENTS
13.4.1
13.4.2
13.4.3
13.4.5
13.4.6
13.4.7
13.4.8
13.4.9
LEGISLATIVE CONTROLS
TRADE PRACTICES ACT
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
TRADEMARKS*AUTHORISED USERS
UPFRONT FEES
OTHER GENERAL ISSUES
PAYMENTS
LIABILITY
MISCELLANEOUS
13.5.1
13.5.2
13.5.3
13.5.4
13.5.5
13.5.6
13.5.7
CONFIDENTIALITY
RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS
SOFTWARE
ESCROW AGREEMENTS
POWERS OF ATTORNEY
WHOLE AGREEMENT CLAUSES
ARBITRATION
13-32
13-33
13-40
13^7
13-54
13-58
13-59
13-60
13-61
TAX 13-62
13-64
13-69
13-71
13-71
13-72
13-77
13-78
13-79
13-80
13-82
13-88
13-89
13-90
13-91
13-93
13-96
13-97
13-100
13-102
XV
CONTENTS
13.5.8 FORCE MAJEURE
13.5.9 ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
13.5.10 ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS
13.5.11 PRIVACY
14 HONG KONG
14.1 AGENCY AGREEMENTS
14.1.1 DEFINITION
14.1.2
14.1.3
14.1.4
14.2
14.3
CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN HONG KONG
BUSINESS REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE
REGISTRATION AS AN OVERSEAS COMPANY
TAXATION
SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION
AUTHORITY OF AGENT TO BIND PRINCIPAL
DEL CREDERE GUARANTEE
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION-TRADE MARK
10 TERMINATION AND COMPENSATION
11 CORRUPT GIFTS AND SECRET COMMISSIONS
12 FORMALITIES
13 EXCHANGE CONTROLS-WITHHOLDING TAX
14 OWNERSHIP ISSUES-TRACING
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS
14.2.1 DEFINITION
CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN HONG KONG
TAXATION - WITHHOLDING TAX
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
TERMS OF APPOINTMENT
UNFAIR PRACTICES
LIQUIDATED DAMAGES - CONTRACTING OUT
SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION
AUTHORITY OF DISTRIBUTOR TO BIND PRINCIPAL
14.2.10 COMPENSATION
14.2.11 FORMALITIES
14.2.12 EXCHANGE CONTROLS
14.2.13 EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE GOODS OR
SERVICES
14.2.14 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
MANUFACTURING AGREEMENTS
14.3.1 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
TERMS OF TRADE
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION - PATENTS
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PAYMENTS
GENERAL ISSUES
TAXATION
ROYALTIES
IMPORT REQUIREMENTS
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.2.2
14.2.3
14.2.4
14.2.5
14.2.6
14.2.7
14.2.8
14.2.9
14.3.2
14.3.3
14.3.4
14.3.5
14.3.6
14.3.7
14.3.8
14.4 MISCELLANEOUS
13-110
13-113
13-122
13-123
14-06
14-06
14-07
14-13
14-14
14-15
14-20
14-26
14-27
14-29
14-32
14-34
14-40
14-41
14-42
14-43
14-43
14-44
14-45
14-47
14-59
14-60
14-63
14-65
14-66
14-67
14-68
14-69
14-70
14-71
14-72
14-73
14-74
14-75
14-85
14-86
14-87
14-89
14-90
14-93
XVI
14.4.1
14.4.2
14.4.3
14.4.4
14.4.5
14.4.6
14.4.7
14.4.8
CONFIDENTIALITY
RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
ESCROW
POWERS OF ATTORNEY
WHOLE AGREEMENT CLAUSES
ARBITRATION
FORCE MAJEURE
CONTENTS
14-93
14-94
14-96
14-99
14-101
14-104
14-105
14-125
15 JAPAN
15.1 INTRODUCTION 15-01
15.2 GENERAL PROVISIONS 15-04
15.2.1 GOVERNING LAW AND COURT JURISDICTION 15-04
15.2.2 ARBITRATION 15-07
15.2.3 STAMP DUTIES 15-09
15.2.4 COMPETING ACTIVITY 15-10
15.2.5 POWER OF ATTORNEY AND ESCROW AGREEMENT 15-16
15.2.6 PRODUCT LIABILITY 15-17
15.3 AGENCY AGREEMENTS 15-19
15.3.1 TERMINATION 15-21
15.3.2 OSTENSIBLE AUTHORITY 15-22
15.3.3 COLLECTIONS AND BAILEE 15-23
15.3.4 TRADE MARK REGISTRATION 15-26
15.4 DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS 15-27
15.4.1 EXCLUSIVITY 15-28
15.4.2 PARALLEL IMPORTS 15-29
15.4.3 LOWEST PRICES TO DISTRIBUTOR 15-30
15.4.4 SELLING PRICES AND SALES RESTRICTIONS 15-31
15.4.5 STOCK OF THE PRODUCTS 15-32
15.4.6 TERMINATION 15-33
15.4.7 NO COMPENSATION ON TERMINATION 15-35
15.4.8 DUTY TO SUPPLY 15-37
15.4.9 SECURITY INTEREST 15-39
15.5 LICENSING AGREEMENTS 15-41
15.5.1 LICENCE AND REGISTRATION 15-42
15.5.2 FTC GUIDELINES 15-44
15.5.3 EXPORT RESTRICTIONS 15-51
15.5.4 QUALITY STANDARDS AND SUPPLY OF MATERIALS 15-54
15.5.5 GRANT-BACK OF IMPROVEMENTS 15-56
15.5.6 TERMS OF SUPPLY 15-57
15.5.7 ROYALTY PAYMENTS 15-58
15.5.8 RESTRICTIONS ON MARKETING 15-60
15.5.9 SELLING PRICES 15*61
15.5.10 TRADEMARKS 15-62
15.5.11 STOCK OF THE PRODUCTS 15-63
15.5.12 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 15-65
15.5.13 OTHER REGISTRATIONS 15-68
XVII
CONTENTS
15.5.14 ROYALTY WITHHOLDING TAX 15-69
15.5.15 TERMINATION 15-70
15.5.16 FTC REVIEW 15-71
16 SINGAPORE
16.1 AGENCY AND DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS 16-01
16.2 DISTRIBUTOR AND AGENT DISTINGUISHED 16-07
16.3 THE LAW APPLICABLE TO AN AGENCY OR DISTRIBUTION
ARRANGEMENT 16-11
16.4 FISCAL INCENTIVES 16-19
16.5 TYPES OF AGENCY AND DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS 16-24
16.6 ELEMENTS OF A GOOD AGENCY OR DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT 16-30
16.6.1 DEFINITION OF TERRITORY 16-32
16.6.2 ADVERTISING AND MARKET INFORMATION 16-33
16.6.3 PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 16-34
16.6.4 EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR BREACH 16-44
16.6.5 CONFIDENTIALITY AND RESTRAINT OF TRADE 16-45
16.6.6 CONTRACTS (RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES) ACT
(CAP 53B) 16-48
16.6.7 GOVERNMENT AND OTHER STATUTORY APPROVALS 16-50
16.6.8 TERMINATION CLAUSES 16-52
16.6.9 DISPUTE RESOLUTION, CHOICE OF LAW AND
JURISDICTION 16-55
16.6.10 CLAUSES RELEVANT TO DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS ONLY 16-62
16.6.11 CLAUSES RELEVANT AGENCY AGREEMENTS ONLY 16-69
16.7 MANUFACTURING AGREEMENTS 16-72
16.8 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 16-73
16.9 PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 16-75
16.10 CRITICAL CONTRACTUAL TERMS 16-84
16.10.1 RESTRICTIVE TERMS AND CONDITIONS 16*84
16.10.2 ROYALTY TERMS 16-91
16.10.3 EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR BREACH 16-93
16.10.4 TERMINATION 16-94
16.10.5 COMPENSATION ON TERMINATION 16-97
16.10.6 FORMALITIES 16-100
16.11 LAWS RELATING TO UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES 16-104
16.12 OTHER RELEVANT CONSIDERATIONS 16-109
17 UNITED STATES
17.1 INTRODUCTION 17-01
17.2 REGULATORY OVERVIEW 17-03
17.2.1 US FEDERAL LAWS 17-06
17.2.2 US STATE LAW 17-14
17.2.3 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS 17-17
17.3 SELECTED ISSUES 17-18
17.3.1 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: PATENTS, TRADE MARKS,
COPYRIGHTS AND TRADE SECRETS 17-18
17.3.2 US ANTITRUST RESTRICTIONS 17-43
XVIII
CONTENTS
17.3.3 UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE 17^49
17.3.4 UNIFORM COMPUTER INFORMATION TRANSACTION
ACT 17-56
17.3.5 SALES REPRESENTATIVE LAWS 17-59
17.3.6 STATE FRANCHISING AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY LAWS 17-60
17.3.7 STATE DOING BUSINESS REGULATIONS 17-69
17.3.8 PRODUCTS LIABILITY 17-77
17.3.9 PACKAGING, LABELLING, CONTENTS, SAFETY AND OTHER
STANDARDS 17-79
17.3.10 GOVERNING LAW; ENFORCEMENT; ARBITRATION 17-80
17.3.11 INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY ISSUES 17-88
17.4 CONTRACT ISSUE CHECKLIST 17-95
17.4.1 MAIN TERMS 17-96
17.4.2 RELATED CONCEPTS 17-103
17.4.3 SAMPLE PROVISIONS/BOILERPLATE 17-108
18 CYPRUS
18.1 INTRODUCTION 18-01
18.2 AGENCY AGREEMENTS 18-06
18.2.1 GENERAL RELATIONSHIP 18-06
18.2.2 CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN CYPRUS 18-11
18.2.3 PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT 18-19
18.2.4 SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION 18-21
18.2.5 POWER TO BIND 18-26
18.2.6 TERMINATION AND COMPENSATION 18-37
18.2.7 COMMISSION ON SALES 18-58
18.2.8 FORMALITIES 18-62
18.2.9 EXCHANGE CONTROL AND WITHHOLDING TAX 18-78
18.2.10 LITIGATION ISSUES-PRINCIPAL S EXPOSURE TO LOCAL
J URISDICTION 18-83
18.3 DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS-MANUFACTURING AGREEMENTS 18-86
18.4 MISCELLANEOUS 18-89
18.4.1 CONFIDENTIALITY 18-89
18.4.2 RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS 18-91
18.4.3 ESCROW AGREEMENTS 18-92
18.4.4 POWERS OF ATTORNEY 18-93
18.4.5 ARBITRATION 18-94
18.4.6 FORCE MAJEURE 18-95
19 INTERNATIONAL AGENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND LICENSING AGREEMENTS IN
THE CZECH REPUBLIC
19.1 INTRODUCTION 19-01
19.2 AGENCY AGREEMENTS 19-02
19.2.1 GENERAL RELATIONSHIP 19-02
19.2.2 CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC 19-04
19.2.3 TAX STATUS 19-08
19.2.4 SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION 19-11
19.2.5 AGENT S POWER TO BIND 19-12
XIX
CONTENTS
19.2.6 GUARANTEES 19-13
19.2.7 TRADE MARKS 19-14
19.2.8 TERMINATION AND COMPENSATION 19-15
19.2.9 CORRUPT GIFTS AND COMMISSIONS 19-16
19.2.10 FORMALITIES 19-17
19.2.11 EXCHANGE CONTROL AND WITHHOLDING TAX 19-18
19.2.12 PRINCIPALS RIGHTS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 19-19
19.3 DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS 19-22
19.3.1 GENERAL RELATIONSHIP 19-22
19.3.2 CARRYING ON BUSINESS 19-23
19.3.3 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 19-24
19.3.4 ANTI-COMPETITION 19-29
19.3.5 UNFAIR TRADING PRACTICES 19-30
19.3.6 DAMAGES FOR NON-PERFORMANCE 19-31
19.3.7 SPECIFIC PRODUCT REGULATION 19-32
19.3.8 DISTRIBUTOR S POWER TO BIND 19-33
19.3.9 TRADE MARKS 19-34
19.3.10 COMPENSATION ON TERMINATION 19-35
19.3.11 FORMALITIES, EXCHANGE CONTROL, WITHHOLDING TAX 19-36
19.3.12 EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY 19-37
19.3.13 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTE SYSTEM 19-38
19.4 MANUFACTURING AGREEMENTS 19-39
19.4.1 GENERAL RELATIONSHIP 19-39
19.5 MISCELLANEOUS 19-40
19.5.1 CONFIDENTIALITY 19-40
19.5.2 COVENANTS 19-43
19.5.3 SOFTWARE 19-44
19.5.4 ESCROW AGREEMENTS 19-45
19.5.5 POWER OF ATTORNEY 19-46
19.5.6 WHOLE AGREEMENT CLAUSES 19-48
19.5.7 ARBITRATION 19-49
19.5.8 FORCE MAJEURE 19-52
20 HUNGARY
INTRODUCTION 20-01
20.1 AGENCY AGREEMENTS 20-03
20.1.1 GENERAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGENT AND
PRINCIPAL 20-03
20.1.2 CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN HUNGARY (WHEN THE
PRINCIPAL APPOINTS AN AGENT TO SEEK OUT ORDERS
AND TRANSMIT ENQUIRIES OR WITH DELEGATED POWER
TO CONCLUDE CONTRACTS ON BEHALF OF THE PRINCIPAL) 20-06
20.1.3 CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN HUNGARY (WHEN THE
PRINCIPAL APPOINTS AN AGENT TO SELL GOODS OWNED
BY THE PRINCIPAL, STORED IN THE TERRITORY) 20-08
20.1.4 FORMALITIES OF CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN HUNGARY 20-09
20.1.5 TAXATION 20-10
XX
CONTENTS
20.1.6 SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION 20-13
20.1.7 POWER TO BIND 20-19
20.1.8 DEL CREDERE GUARANTEE 20-21
20.1.9 TRADE MARKS AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
RIGHTS - AUTHORIZED USE 20-23
20.1.10 COMPENSATION ON TERMINATION OF THE AGREEMENT 20-25
20.1.11 CORRUPT GIFTS AND SECRET COMMISSIONS 20-29
20.1.12 FORMALITIES OF THE AGREEMENT 20-30
20.1.13 EXCHANGE CONTROL PERMISSIONS 20-34
20.1.14 WITHHOLDING TAXES 20-35
20.1.15 OWNERSHIP OF THE PRINCIPAL S PROPERTY
(QUESTIONS 20.1.15. TO 20.1.17.) 20-40
20.2 DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS 20-43
20.2.1 GENERAL DEFINITION 20-43
20.2.2 CARRYING IN BUSINESS IN HUNGARY 20-46
20.2.3 FORMALITIES 20-47
20.2.4 TAXATION 20-48
20.2.5 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION 20-49
20.2.6 APPOINTMENT OF DIFFERENT DISTRIBUTORS IN
HUNGARY 20-53
20.2.7 RESTRICTIVE TRADING PRACTICES 20-54
20.2.8 PRINCIPAL S POWERS TO IMPOSE DIFFERENT
OBLIGATIONS UPON THE DISTRIBUTOR 20-58
20.2.9 UNFAIR TRADING PRACTICES 20-59
20.2.10 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY 20-61
20.2.11 SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION 20-62
20.2.12 POWER TO BIND 20-63
20.2.13 TRADE MARKS AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
RIGHTS - AUTHORISED USE 20-64
20.2.14 TERMINATION BECAUSE OF BREACH OF CONTRACT 20-65
20.2.15 TERMINATION WITHOUT NOTICE 20-66
20.2.16 FORMALITIES, EXCHANGE CONTROL PERMISSIONS,
WITHHOLDING TAXES 20-67
20.2.17 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY BETWEEN DISTRIBUTOR AND
PRINCIPAL FOR DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS 20-68
20.2.18 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 20-70
20.3 MANUFACTURING AGREEMENTS 20-71
20.3.1 CONTROL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND ITS DETAILS 20-71
20.3.2 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY LEGISLATION 20-76
20.3.3 SET OF RESALE PRICES 20-77
20.3.4 UNFAIR TRADING PRACTICES, LIMITATION OF LIABILITY,
SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION, TRADE MARKS AND
OTHER INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, FORMALITIES,
EXCHANGE CONTROL PERMISSIONS, POWER TO BIND,
TERMINATION OF THE AGREEMENT 20-78
20.4 MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS 20-79
20.4.1 CONFIDENTIALITY 20-79
XXI
CONTENTS
20.4.2 RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS
20.4.3 SOFTWARE
20.4.4 ESCROW AGREEMENTS
20.4.5 POWERS OF ATTORNEY
20.4.6 WHOLE AGREEMENT CLAUSES
20.4.7 ARBITRATION
20.4.8 FORCE MAJEURE (VIS MAIOR)
21 POLAND
21.1 AGENCY AGREEMENTS
21.2
21.1.1 DEFINITION
21.1.2 CONDUCTING BUSINESS IN POLAND
21.1.3 TAXATION
21.1.4 SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION
21.1.5 POWER TO BIND
21.1.6 GUARANTEE
21.1.7 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
21.1.8 TERMINATION AND COMPENSATION
21.1.9 SECRET COMMISSIONS AND GIFTS
21.1.10 FORMALITIES
21.1.11 EXCHANGE CONTROL AND WITHHOLDING TAX
21.1.12 OWNERSHIP ISSUES
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS
21.2.1 DEFINITION
21.2.2 CONDUCTING BUSINESS IN POLAND
21.2.3 EXCHANGE CONTROL AND WITHHOLDING TAX
21.2.4 DESIGN RIGHTS, COPYRIGHT AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS
21.2.5 LAW ON THE PROTECTION OF COMPETITION AND
CONSUMERS
UNFAIR TRADING PRACTICES
21.2.6
21.2.7
21.2.8
21.2.9
20-84
20-85
20-90
20-92
20-93
20-95
20-100
21-01
21-01
21-02
21-06
21-11
21-12
21-13
21-14
21-16
21-21
21-22
21-23
21-29
21-32
21-32
21-33
21-34
21-37
21-42
21-^9
LIQUIDATED DAMAGES AND CONTRACTING OUT LIABILITY 21-50
SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION 21-52
POWER TO BIND 21-53
21.2.10 TERMINATION AND COMPENSATION 21-54
21.2.11 FORMALITIES 21-55
21.2.12 EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY 21-56
21.2.13 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 21-57
21.3 MANUFACTURING AGREEMENT 21-59
21.3.1 DEFINITION 21-59
21.3.2 GENERAL ISSUES 21-60
21.3.3 LAW ON THE PROTECTION OF COMPETITION AND
CONSUMERS 21-61
21.3.4 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 21-68
21.3.5 EXCHANGE CONTROL, WITHHOLDING TAX AND OTHER
TAX ISSUES 21-72
XXU
CONTENTS
21.4 MISCELLANEOUS 21-80
21.4.1 CONFIDENTIALITY 21-80
21.4.2 RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS 21-84
21.4.3 SOFTWARE 21-86
21.4.4 ESCROW AGREEMENTS 21-89
21.4.5 POWERS OF ATTORNEY 21-90
21.4.6 WHOLE AGREEMENT CLAUSES 21-93
21.4.7 ARBITRATION 21-95
21.4.8 FORCE MAJEURE 21-99
22 ROMANIA
22.1 INTRODUCTION 22-01
22.2 GENERAL PROVISIONS 22-06
22.2.1 RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS 22-06
22.2.2 CONFIDENTIALITY 22-10
22.2.3 SOFTWARE 22-15
22.2.4 ESCROW AGREEMENTS 22-18
22.2.5 POWERS OF ATTORNEY (POA) 22-22
22.2.6 WHOLE AGREEMENT CLAUSES 22-26
22.2.7 ARBITRATION 22-27
22.2.8 FORCE MAJEURE 22-36
22.3 AGENCY 22-42
22.3.1 DEFINITION AND GENERAL CONDITIONS 22-42
22.3.2 CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN THE TERRITORY 22-43
22.3.3 GUARANTEES 22-46
22.3.4 CORRUPT GIFTS AND SECRET COMMISSIONS 22-48
22.3.5 OWNERSHIP ISSUES 22-49
22.4 DISTRIBUTION 22-54
22.4.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS AND RELATED LEGISLATION 22-54
22.4.2 CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN THE TERRITORY 22-55
22.4.3 COMPETITION TERMS RELATED TO PRICES AND OTHER
IMPOSED OBLIGATIONS 22-56
22.4.4 EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE GOODS 22-59
22.4.5 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 22-60
22.5 LICENSING 22-63
22.5.1 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 22-63
22.5.2 CLAUSES INCLUDING PERMITTED OR FORBIDDEN
COMPETITION RESTRICTIONS 22-64
22.5.3 ROYALTY TERMS 22-69
22.5.4 IMPORT CONDITIONS 22-76
22.6 COMMON ELEMENTS OF AGENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND LICENSING
AGREEMENTS 22-78
22.6.1 FORMALITIES RELATED TO CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN
THE TERRITORY 22-78
22.6.2 TAXATION 22-80
22.6.3 SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION 22-81
22.6.4 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 22-84
XXIII
CONTENTS
22.6.5 TRADE MARKS AND AUTHORISED USERS
22.6.6 UNFAIR TRADING PRACTICES
22.6.7 POWER TO BIND
22.6.8 LIQUIDATED DAMAGES AND CONTRACTING OUT
22.6.9 TERMINATION AND COMPENSATION
22.6.10 EXECUTION, WITNESSING, STAMPING, REGISTRATION
FORMALITIES
22.6.11 EXCHANGE CONTROL PERMISSIONS AND WITHHOLDING
TAXES
23 CHOOSING BETWEEN AGENTS, DISTRIBUTORS AND LICENSEES PRACTICAL
GUIDELINES
23.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND
23.2 VERTICAL INTEGRATION
23.3 DEMONSTRATORS OR SHOWROOMS
23.4 MARKETING CONSULTANTS
23.5 DISTRIBUTION FRANCHISEES
23.6 PRODUCTION FRANCHISEES
23.7 LICENSING
23.8 COMMERCIAL AGENTS
23.9 DISTRIBUTORS
23.10 COMPARISON BETWEEN AGENT AND DISTRIBUTOR
23.10.1 CONTROL OVER THE GOODS TO BE SOLD
23.10.2 CONTROL OF CUSTOMER BASE
23.10.3 CONTROL OF PRICING AND CONTRACTUAL TERMS
23.10.4 MONITORING OF PERFORMANCE
23.10.5 FINANCIAL CONTROL
23.10.6 TYPE OF INDUSTRY AND GOODS SOLD
23.11 CONCLUSIONS
APPENDICES
22-87
22-89
22-90
22-93
22-96
22-103
22-107
23-01
23-02
23-08
23-11
23-13
23-16
23-18
23-22
23-25
23-27
23-28
23-29
23-31
23-32
23-33
23-34
23-38
INDEX
SPECIMEN QUESTIONNAIRES FOR LOCAL LAWYERS AL-01
QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE LOCAL IMPLEMENTATION OF COUNCIL
DIRECTIVE 86/853 ON THE COORDINATION OF THE LAWS OF THE
MEMBER STATES RELATING TO SELF-EMPLOYED COMMERCIAL
AGENTS A2-01
FLOW CHART 1 - EC AND UK COMPETITION LAW
JURISDICTIONS A3-01
FLOW CHART 2 - ART.81 - GENERAL APPLICATION A3-02
FLOW CHART 3 - VERTICAL RESTRAINTS UNDER EC COMPETITION
LAW A3-O3
FLOW CHART 4 - VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL RESTRAINTS UNDER
UK COMPETITION LAW A3-04
WEB SITES FOR EU AND UK LEGISLATION A4-01
915
XXIV
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION XXV
PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION XXVII
TABLE OF CASES XXIX
TABLE OF STATUTES XLIII
TABLE OF STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS XLVII
TABLE OF EUROPEAN LEGISLATION XLIX
TABLE OF FOREIGN LEGISLATION LV
1-01
1-09
1-09
1-17
1-39
1-40
1-41
1-11
1-41
1-41
1-44
1-45
1-47
1-58
1-58
1-59
1-60
1-61
1-62
1-90
1-104
114
-114
-118
419
1-150
1-151
1 DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
DEFINITIONS
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.2.5
1.2.6
1.2.7
1.2.8
1.2.9
1.2.10
1.2.11
THE PRODUCTS
THE TERRITORY
THE TRADE MARK
THE PATENTS
CONNECTED PERSON
DIRECTOR
HOLDING AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANY
THE GROUP
COMPETING ACTIVITY
THE INFORMATION
THE KNOWHOW
INTERPRETATION
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
1.3.5
HEADINGS
LEGISLATION
REFERENCES
ORDER OF PRECEDENCE
PROPER LAW
CONFIDENTIALITY CLAUSES
COMPETING ACTIVITY CLAUSES
DISPUTES
1.6.1
1.6.2
1.6.3
1.6.4
1.6.5
ARBITRATION
EXPERT
COURTS
WAIVER
SEVERABILITY
CONTENTS
1.6.6 COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS 1-152
1.6.7 POWER OF ATTORNEY 1-153
1.7 FORCE MAJEURE 1-155
1.8 WHOLE AGREEMENT 1-172
1.8.1 WHOLE AGREEMENT CLAUSE 1-172
1.8.2 VARIATION I"
190
1.8.3 PRIOR AGREEMENTS 1-191
1.9 NO JOINT VENTURE OR PARTNERSHIP 1-193
1.10 THIRD PARTY RIGHTS UNDER CONTRACTS 1-194
1.11 NOTICES AND OTHER COMMUNICATIONS 1-199
1.12 AUTHORITY TO EXECUTE 1-201
1.13 STAMP DUTY AND EXECUTION CLAUSES 1-202
AGENCY AGREEMENTS OUTSIDE THE EC
2.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 2-01
2-2 APPOINTMENT OF AGENT 2-08
2.2.1 APPOINTMENT 2-08
2.2.2 TERM OF AGREEMENT 2-11
2.3 RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENT 2-12
2.3.1 DUE DILIGENCE 2-12
2.3.2 PROPER FACILITIES 2-17
2.3.3 MARKET INTELLIGENCE 2-18
2.3.4 COMPLIANCE WITH LOCAL LAW 2-19
2.3.5 CONFIDENTIALITY 2-20
2.3.6 NO AUTHORITY TO BIND PRINCIPAL 2-21
2.3.7 NOTIFICATION OF AGENCY STATUS 2-22
2.3.8 LIMITS ON EXCLUSIVITY 2-23
2.3.9 NOT TO ACT OUTSIDE TERRITORY 2-24
2.3.10 RESTRICTIONS ON NEGOTIATING TERMS 2-25
2.3.11 SALES AS A FACTOR 2-27
2.3.12 COLLECTION OF PRINCIPAL'S MONIES 2-28
2.3.13 SEPARATE BANK ACCOUNT 2-29
2.3.14 DEL CREDERE GUARANTEE 2-30
2.4 RESPONSIBILITIES OF PRINCIPAL 2-31
2.4.1 SALES LITERATURE, DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION 2-31
2.4.2 SAMPLES 2-32
2.4.3 DIRECT QUOTATION IN TERRITORY 2-35
2.4.4 RESPONSIBILITY FOR AGENT'S EXPENSES 2-36
2.4.5 ADVERTISING 2-39
2.4.6 ACCEPTANCE OF ORDERS 2-40
2.4.7 PAYMENT OF COMMISSION 2-41
2.5 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 2-42
2.6 NON-ASSIGNMENT BY AGENT 2-46
2.7 TERMINATION OF AGREEMENT 2-47
2.8 GOOD BUSINESS PRACTICE 2-56
2.9 DISCLOSURE AND REGISTRATION 2-57
2.10 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 2-58
VI
CONTENTS
2.11 SCHEDULE 1 - THE PRODUCTS
2.12 SCHEDULE 2 - THE TERRITORY
2.13 SCHEDULE 3 - THE COMMISSION
2.14 SCHEDULE 4 - STOCK OF THE PRODUCTS
AGENCY AGREEMENTS INSIDE THE EC
3.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND
3.2 APPOINTMENT OF AGENT
3.2.1 APPOINTMENT
3.2.2 TERM OF AGREEMENT
3.3 RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE AGENT
3.3.1 DUE DILIGENCE
3.3.2 PROPER FACILITIES
3.3.3 MARKET INTELLIGENCE
3.3.4 COMPLIANCE WITH LOCAL LAW
3.3.5 CONFIDENTIALITY
3.3.6 NO AUTHORITY TO BIND PRINCIPAL
3.3.7 NOTIFICATION OF AGENCY STATUS
3.3.8 LIMITS ON EXCLUSIVITY
3.3.9 NOT TO ACT OUTSIDE TERRITORY
3.3.10 RESTRICTIONS ON NEGOTIATING TERMS
3.3.11 SALES AS A FACTOR
3.3.12 COLLECTION OF PRINCIPAL'S MONIES
3.3.13 SEPARATE BANK ACCOUNT
3.3.14 DEL CREDERE GUARANTEE
3.4 RESPONSIBILITIES OF PRINCIPAL
3.4.1 SALES LITERATURE, DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION
3.4.2 SAMPLES
3.4.3 DIRECT QUOTATION IN TERRITORY
3.4.4 RESPONSIBILITY FOR AGENT'S EXPENSES
3.4.5 ADVERTISING
3.4.6 ACCEPTANCE OF ORDERS
3.4.7 PAYMENT OF COMMISSION
3.4.8 SALES FORECASTS
3.4.9 DUTY TO ACT IN GOOD FAITH
3.5 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
3.6 NON-ASSIGNMENT BY AGENT
3.7 TERMINATION OF AGREEMENT
3.8 GOOD BUSINESS PRACTICE
3.9 DISCLOSURE AND REGISTRATION
3.10 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE
3.11 SCHEDULE 1 - THE PRODUCTS
3.12 SCHEDULE 2 - THE TERRITORY
3.13 SCHEDULE 3 - THE COMMISSION
3.14 SCHEDULE 4 - STOCK OF THE PRODUCTS
2-58
2-58
2-59
2-66
3-01
3-20
3-20
3-75
3-80
3-80
3-81
3-82
3-83
3-84
3-85
3-86
3-87
3-88
3-89
3-90
3-91
3-92
3-93
3-94
3-94
3-95
3-96
3-97
3-98
3-99
3-100
3-101
3-102
3-104
3-105
3-106
3-204
3-205
3-206
3-206
3-206
3-227
3-279
VLL
CONTENTS
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS OUTSIDE THE EC
4.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 4-01
4.2 LICENCE 4"
16
4.3 GENERAL UNDERTAKINGS BY DISTRIBUTOR 4-18
4.3.1 DUE DILIGENCE 4-18
4.3.2 NO INTERFERENCE WITH SALES OF PRODUCTS 4-19
4.3.3 CONFORM TO LOCAL LEGISLATION 4-20
4.3.4 PROPER STORAGE OF PRODUCTS 4-21
4.3.5 PURCHASE TARGETS 4-23
4.3.6 NON-COMPETITION CLAUSE 4-24
4.3.7 NO COPYING OF PRODUCTS 4-25
4.3.8 PATENT AND TRADE MARK NOTICES 4-64
4.3.9 SHIPMENT INSPECTION REPORTS 4-65
4.3.10 INDEMNITY 4-66
4.4 ENQUIRIES 4*67
4.5 NON-EXPORT CLAUSE 4-68
4.6 SUPPLY OF THE PRODUCTS 4-70
4.6.1 EXCLUSIVE PURCHASE 4-70
4.6.2 TERMS AND CONDITIONS 4-71
4.6.3 'MOST FAVOURED NATION' CLAUSE 4-73
4.6.4 MODIFICATIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS 4-74
4.7 DISTRIBUTOR'S RECORDS 4-78
4.8 ADVERTISING AND MERCHANDISING 4-79
4.9 SALES AND MARKETING POLICIES 4-83
4.10 STOCK OF THE PRODUCTS 4-88
4.11 DISTRIBUTOR'S STAFF 4-89
4.12 MONTHLY REPORTS 4-90
4.13 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 4-91
4.14 NO JOINT VENTURE OR PARTNERSHIP 4-96
4.15 COMMENCEMENT AND TERM OF AGREEMENT 4-97
4.16 TERMINATION 4*113
4.17 EFFECT OF TERMINATION 4-119
4.18 CONFIDENTIALITY 4-124
4.19 TRANSMISSION OF RIGHTS 4-125
4.20 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 4-126
4.21 SCHEDULE 1 - THE PRODUCTS 4-126
4.22 SCHEDULE 2 - THE TERRITORY 4-126
4.23 SCHEDULE 3 - THE TRADE MARK 4-126
4.24 SCHEDULE 4 - PURCHASE TARGETS 4-127
4.25 SCHEDULE 5 - COMPETING GOODS 4*129
4.26 SCHEDULE 6 - TERMS OF SUPPLY OF PRINCIPAL 4-130
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS INSIDE THE EC
5.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 5-01
5.1.1 EC COMPETITION LAW 5-02
5.1.2 COMPETITION LAW IN THE UK 5-429
5.1.3 PRACTICAL GUIDELINES ON COMPETITION LAW ANALYSIS 5-462
VIII
CONTENTS
5.2 LICENCE 5-474
5.3 GENERAL UNDERTAKINGS BY DISTRIBUTOR 5-507
5.3.1 DUE DILIGENCE 5-507
5.3.2 NO INTERFERENCE WITH SALES OF PRODUCTS 5-508
5.3.3 CONFORMING TO LOCAL LEGISLATION 5-510
5.3.4 PROPER STORAGE OF PRODUCTS 5-511
5.3.5 PURCHASE TARGETS 5-512
5.3.6 NON-COMPETITION CLAUSE 5-519
5.3.7 NO COPYING OF PRODUCTS 5-546
5.3.8 PATENT AND TRADE MARK NOTICES 5-548
5.3.9 SHIPMENT INSPECTION REPORTS 5-569
5.3.10 INDEMNITY FOR BREACH 5-570
5.4 ENQUIRIES 5-571
5.5 EXTRA-TERRITORIAL ACTIVITIES 5-581
5.5.1 SALES ACTIVITIES INSIDE THE EC 5-581
5.5.2 SALES ACTIVITIES OUTSIDE THE EC 5-607
5.5.3 IDENTICAL OBLIGATIONS ON OTHER DISTRIBUTORS 5-612
5.6 SUPPLY OF THE PRODUCTS 5-618
5.6.1 EXCLUSIVE PURCHASE 5-618
5.6.2 TERMS AND CONDITIONS 5-628
5.6.3 'MOST FAVOURED NATION' CLAUSE 5-629
5.6.4 MODIFICATIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS 5-655
5.7 DISTRIBUTOR'S RECORDS 5-656
5.8 ADVERTISING AND MERCHANDISING 5-657
5.9 SALES AND MARKETING POLICIES 5-660
5.10 STOCK OF THE PRODUCTS 5-678
5.11 DISTRIBUTOR'S STAFF 5-682
5.12 MONTHLY REPORTS 5-684
5.13 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 5-685
5.14 NO JOINT VENTURE OR PARTNERSHIP 5-694
5.15 COMMENCEMENT AND TERM OF AGREEMENT 5-695
5.16 TERMINATION 5-696
5.17 EFFECT OF TERMINATION 5-697
5.18 CONFIDENTIALITY 5-704
5.19 TRANSMISSION OF RIGHTS 5-709
5.20 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 5-710
5.21 SCHEDULE 1 - THE PRODUCTS 5-711
5.22 SCHEDULE 2 - THE TERRITORY 5-711
5.23 SCHEDULE 3 - THE TRADE MARK 5-711
5.24 SCHEDULE 4 - PURCHASE TARGETS 5*712
5.25 SCHEDULE 5 * COMPETING GOODS 5*713
5.26 SCHEDULE 6 * RESERVED TERRITORIES AND RESERVED CUSTOMER
GROUPS 5*714
5.27 SCHEDULE 7 - TERMS OF SUPPLY OF PRINCIPAL 5-714
IX
CONTENTS
SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION FOR TECHNICAL AND LUXURY PRODUCTS
6.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 6-01
6.1.1 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS UNDER EC
COMPETITION LAW 6-07
6.1.2 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION UNDER THE LOCAL LAWS OF EC
MEMBER STATES 6-30
6.1.3 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS IN TERRITORIES
OUTSIDE THE EC 6-50
6.1.4 THE BASIS AND APPLICABILITY OF THE PRECEDENT 6-51
6.2 SCOPE AND PURPOSE 6-54
6.2.1 DEFINITION OF NETWORK 6-54
6.2.2 AUTHORISED DISTRIBUTORS 6-55
6.2.3 AUTHORISED RETAILERS 6-56
6.2.4 PURPOSE 6-57
6.3 APPOINTMENT OF DISTRIBUTOR AS AUTHORISED DISTRIBUTOR 6-59
6.4 DISTRIBUTOR REQUIREMENTS 6-64
6.5 GENERAL UNDERTAKINGS BY DISTRIBUTOR 6-68
6.6 ENQUIRIES 6-79
6.7 SALES ACTIVITIES 6-82
6.8 SUPPLY OF THE PRODUCTS 6-102
6.8.1 PURCHASE WITHIN NETWORK 6-102
6.8.2 TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SUPPLY 6-103
6.9 RECORDS, INSPECTION AND POLICING 6-106
6.10 MONTHLY REPORTS 6-117
6.11 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 6-118
6.12 COMMENCEMENT AND TERM OF AGREEMENT 6-119
6.13 TERMINATION 6-125
6.14 EFFECTS OF TERMINATION 6-138
6.15 CONFIDENTIALITY 6-140
6.16 TRANSMISSION OF RIGHTS 6-142A
6.17 TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR DISTRIBUTOR 6-143
6.18 APPOINTMENT OF AUTHORISED RETAILERS 6-144
6.19 APPOINTMENT OF AUTHORISED DISTRIBUTORS 6-166
6.20 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 6-174
6.21 SCHEDULE 1 - DEFINITIONS 6-175
6.22 SCHEDULE 2 - DISTRIBUTOR REQUIREMENTS 6-178
6.23 SCHEDULE 3 - RETAILER REQUIREMENTS 6-233
6.24 SCHEDULE 4 - TECHNICAL SUPPORT 6-243
6.24.1 CLASSIFICATION OF KNOWHOW 6-243
6.24.2 FORM OF KNOWHOW 6-248
6.24.3 DELIVERY OF KNOWHOW 6-249
6.24.4 ESCROW AGREEMENT FOR MANUFACTURING
INFORMATION 6-250
6.24.5 ADDITIONAL KNOWHOW 6-252
6.24.6 USE OF MANUFACTURING KNOWHOW 6-253
6.24.7 NO MODIFICATION OF PRODUCTS 6-254
6.24.8 NO WARRANTY AS TO ACCURACY OF KNOWHOW 6-255
CONTENTS
6.24.9 NO WARRANTY ON INFRINGEMENT 6-256
6.24.10 SPARES 6-257
6.24.11 EPIDEMIC FAILURE 6-258
6.24.12 DISTRIBUTOR TO SERVICE WARRANTIES 6-259
6.24.13 DISTRIBUTOR TO PROVIDE AFTER-SALES SERVICE 6-264
6.24.14 QUALITY CONTROL IN SERVICING 6-265
6.24.15 PRINCIPAL TO SUPPLY SPARES 6-277
6.24.16 NO OTHER WARRANTIES FROM PRINCIPAL 6-333
6.25 SCHEDULE 5 - AUTHORISED RETAILER AGREEMENT 6-334
6.26 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION IN THE MOTOR VEHICLE SECTOR 6-363
6.27 FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS 6*408
MANUFACTURING AGREEMENTS OUTSIDE THE EC
7.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 7-01
7.2 LICENCE 7-13
7.3 LICENSEE'S GENERAL UNDERTAKINGS 7-14
7.3.1 DUE DILIGENCE 7-14
7.3.2 NO INTERFERENCE WITH SALES OF PRODUCTS 7-15
7.3.3 CONFORMING TO LOCAL LEGISLATION 7-16
7.3.4 PROPER STORAGE OF PRODUCTS 7-17
7.3.5 TARGETS 7-18
7.3.6 NON-COMPETITION CLAUSE 7-19
7.3.7 PATENT AND TRADE MARK NOTICES 7-20
7.3.8 INDEMNITY 7-21
7.4 ENQUIRIES 7-24
7.5 EXTRA-TERRITORIAL ACTIVITIES 7-25
7.6 SUPPLY OF THE PRODUCTS 7-28
7.6.1 OPTIONS TO MANUFACTURE OR PURCHASE 7-28
7.6.2 SUBCONTRACTING 7-29
7.6.3 *PURCHASE FROM PRINCIPAL OF COMPONENTS AND
INGREDIENTS 7-30
7.6.4 QUALITY CONTROL 7-33
7.6.5 TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SUPPLY OF PRODUCTS 7-34
7.6.6 ROYALTY 7-35
7.7 LICENSEE'S RECORDS 7-36
7.8 ADVERTISING AND MERCHANDISING 7-37
7.9 SALES AND MARKETING POLICIES 7-42
7.10 STOCK OF THE PRODUCTS 7^7
7.11 LICENSEE'S STAFF 7^8
7.12 MONTHLY REPORTS 7^*9
7.13 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 7-50
7.14 NO JOINT VENTURE OR PARTNERSHIP 7-51
7.15 COMMENCEMENT AND TERM OF AGREEMENT 7-52
7.16 TERMINATION 7-58
7.17 EFFECTS OF TERMINATION 7-60
7.18 CONFIDENTIALITY 7-70
7.19 TRANSMISSION OF RIGHTS 7-71
XI
CONTENTS
7.20 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 7-76
7.21 SCHEDULE 1 - DEFINITIONS 7-76
7.22 SCHEDULE 2 - TARGETS 7-77
7.23 SCHEDULE 3 - EXCEPTIONS TO ANY RESTRICTIONS UPON THE LICENSEE
DEALING WITH COMPETITIVE GOODS 7-80
7.24 SCHEDULE 4 - ITEMS TO BE PURCHASED FROM PRINCIPAL 7-81
7.25 SCHEDULE 5 - SPECIFICATIONS, PRODUCTION METHODS AND QUALITY
STANDARDS 7-82
7.26 SCHEDULE 6 - TERMS OF SUPPLY OF PRINCIPAL 7-92
7.27 SCHEDULE 7 - ROYALTY 7-93
MANUFACTURING AGREEMENTS INSIDE THE EC
8.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 8-01
8.1.1 CURRENT POSITION UNDER EC COMPETITION LAW 8-01
8.1.2 CURRENT POSITION UNDER UK COMPETITION LAW 8-71
8.2 LICENCE 8-84
8.3 LICENSEE'S GENERAL UNDERTAKING 8-104
8.3.1 DUE DILIGENCE 8-104
8.3.2 CONFORMING TO LOCAL LEGISLATION 8-105
8.3.3 PROPER STORAGE OF PRODUCTS 8-106
8.3.4 TARGETS 8-107
8.3.5 NON-COMPETITION CLAUSE 8-108
8.3.6 PATENT AND TRADE MARK NOTICES 8-109
8.3.7 INDEMNITY 8-110
8.4 ENQUIRIES 8-111
8.5 EXTRA-TERRITORIAL ACTIVITIES 8-112
8.6 SUPPLY OF THE PRODUCTS 8-142
8.6.1 OPTIONS TO MANUFACTURE OR PURCHASE 8-142
8.6.2 SUBCONTRACTING 8-144
8.6.3 PURCHASE FROM LICENSOR OF COMPONENTS AND
INGREDIENTS 8-145
8.6.4 QUALITY CONTROL 8-146
8.6.5 TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SUPPLY OF LICENSOR 8-147
8.6.6 ROYALTY 8-148
8.7 LICENSEE'S RECORDS 8-149
8.8 ADVERTISING AND MERCHANDISING 8-150
8.9 SALES AND MARKETING POLICIES 8-151
8.10 STOCKS OF THE PRODUCTS 8-157
8.11 LICENSEE'S STAFF 8-158
8.12 MONTHLY REPORTS 8-159
8.13 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 8-160
8.14 NO JOINT VENTURE OR PARTNERSHIP 8-166
8.15 COMMENCEMENT AND TERM OF AGREEMENT 8-167
8.16 TERMINATION 8-168
8.17 EFFECTS OF TERMINATION 8-170
8.18 CONFIDENTIALITY 8-175
8.19 TRANSMISSION OF RIGHTS 8-176
XII
CONTENTS
8.20 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 8-177
8.21 SCHEDULE 1 - DEFINITIONS 8-177
8.22 SCHEDULE 2 - TARGETS 8 178
8.23 SCHEDULE 3 * EXCEPTIONS TO ANY RESTRICTIONS UPON THE LICENSEE
DEALING WITH COMPETITIVE GOODS 8-180
8.24 SCHEDULE 4 * ITEMS TO BE PURCHASED FROM LICENSOR 8-181
8.25 SCHEDULE S * SPECIFICATIONS, PRODUCTION METHODS AND QUALITY
STANDARDS 8-182
8.26 SCHEDULE 6 * TERMS OF SUPPLY OF LICENSOR 8-195
8.27 SCHEDULE 7 - ROYALTY 8-196
8.28 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIELD OF LICENSING UNDER EC
COMPETITION LAW 8-200
CONSULTANCY AGREEMENTS
9.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND
9.1.1 GENERAL COMMERCIAL ISSUES
9.1.2 COMPETITION LAW CONSIDERATIONS
9.2 PARTIES
9.3 PURPOSES
9.3.1 MARKETING ASSISTANCE TO DISTRIBUTOR
9.3.2 PRODUCT INTRODUCTION
9.3.3 FINDING A DISTRIBUTOR
9.3.4 LICENCES TO MARKET THE PRODUCTS
9.4 DATE AND TERM
9.5 SUPERVISION AND ASSISTANCE
9.5.1 LIAISON WITH DISTRIBUTOR
9.5.2 TECHNICAL ADVICE
9.5.3 SAMPLING
9.5.4 MARKET RESEARCH
9.5.5 MARKETING ADVICE
9.5.6 INFRINGEMENT WATCH
9.5.7 REPORTS
9.6 PRODUCT INTRODUCTION
9.6.1 SALES PROMOTIONS
9.6.2 CLINICAL TESTS
9.7 IDENTIFYING A DISTRIBUTOR
9.8 REMUNERATION
9.8.1 COMMISSION ON DISTRIBUTOR'S PURCHASES
9.8.2 COMMISSION ON CUSTOMER'S PURCHASES
9.8.3 FIXED SUM FOR PRODUCT INTRODUCTION
9.8.4 FIXED SUM FOR IDENTIFYING DISTRIBUTOR
9.8.5 HOURLY RATE
9.9 EXPENSES
9.10 WARRANTY ON CONFLICT OF INTEREST
9.11 NOTIFICATION OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST
9.12 DUE DILIGENCE
9.13 CONFIDENTIALITY
9-01
9-01
9-03
9-16
9-18
9-18
9-19
9-20
9-21
9-25
9-29
9-29
9-30
9-31
9-32
9-33
9-34
9-35
9-36
9-36
9-37
9-39
9-42
9-42
9-43
9-44
9-45
9-46
9-47
9-49
9-50
9-52
9-53
XUL
CONTENTS
9.14 GOOD BUSINESS PRACTICE 9-54
9.15 DISCLOSURE AND REGISTRATION 9-85
9.15.1 PRINCIPAL MAY DISCLOSE AGREEMENT 9-85
9.15.2 CONSULTANT TO REGISTER AGREEMENT 9-86
9.16 INDEMNITY FOR BREACH 9-87
9.17 TERMINATION WITHOUT NOTICE 9-88
9.18 NO COMPENSATION ON TERMINATION 9-90
9.19 RETURN OF DOCUMENTS 9-91
9.20 PAYMENTS 9-92
9.21 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 9-93
10 ESCROW AGREEMENTS
10.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 10-01
10.2 DEFINITIONS 10-13
10.3 SCOPE AND PURPOSE 10-21
10.4 THE TRUSTS 10-23
10.5 SAFEKEEPING 10-38
10.6 TERM AND TERMINATION 10-42
10.7 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 10-46
10.8 SCHEDULE 1 - THE PACKAGE 10-47
10.9 SCHEDULE 2 - THE CHARGES 10-47
10.10 SCHEDULE 3 - THE DISTRIBUTOR'S CERTIFICATE 10-47
10.11 SCHEDULE 4 - THE PRINCIPAL'S CERTIFICATE 10-51
11 SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION LICENCES
11.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 11-01
11.2 PREAMBLE 11-26
11.3 DEFINITIONS 11-30
11.4 LICENCE FOR SOURCE MATERIAL 11-32
11.5 LICENCE FOR PROGRAM 11-43
11.6 TERMS OF SUBLICENCE 11*46
11.7 COPYRIGHT NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER 11-59
11.8 TERM AND TERMINATION 11-60
11.9 NO WARRANTY 11-66
11.10 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 11-67
11.11 SCHEDULE*COPYRIGHT NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER 11-68
12 TRADE MARK LICENCES
12.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND 12-01
12.2 PREAMBLE 12-08
12.3 GRANT OF RIGHTS 12-10
12.4 SPECIFICATIONS, PRODUCTION METHODS AND QUALITY STANDARDS 12-15
12.5 TERM 12-18
12.6 TRADE MARK RIGHTS 12-21
12.7 NO WARRANTY 12-22
12.8 ASSIGNMENT AND SUBCONTRACTING 12-24
12.9 NOTICES 12-25
12.10 INTERPRETATION CLAUSES AND SIGNATURE 12-26
XIV
CONTENTS
13 AUSTRALIA
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
INTRODUCTION
AGENCY
13.2.1
13.2.2
13.2.3
13.2.4
13.2.5
13.2.6
13.2.7
13.2.8
13.2.9
13.2.10
13.2.11
13.2.12
AGREEMENTS
GENERAL RELATIONSHIP
CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN AUSTRALIA
PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT
SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION
POWER TO BIND
GUARANTEES
TRADEMARKS*AUTHORISED USERS
TERMINATION AND COMPENSATION
SECRET COMMISSIONS AND GIFTS
FORMALITIES
EXCHANGE CONTROL AND WITHHOLDING TAX
OWNERSHIP ISSUES
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS
13.3.1
13.3.2
13.3.3
13.3.4
13.3.5
13.3.6
13.3.7
13.3.8
13.3.9
13.3.10
13.3.11
13.3.12
13.3.13
GENERAL RELATIONSHIP
13-01
13-05
13-05
13-06
13-09
13-15
13-16
13-17
13-19
13-20
13-24
13-25
13-26
13-27
13-31
13-31
CARRYING ON BUSINESS OR PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT
IN AUSTRALIA
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
TRADE PRACTICES ACT
UNFAIR TRADING PRACTICES
DAMAGES FOR NON-PERFORMANCE
SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION
POWER TO BIND
TRADE MARKS*AUTHORISED USERS
COMPENSATION
FORMALITIES, EXCHANGE CONTROL, WITHHOLDING
EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY
SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
MANUFACTURING AGREEMENTS
13.4.1
13.4.2
13.4.3
13.4.5
13.4.6
13.4.7
13.4.8
13.4.9
LEGISLATIVE CONTROLS
TRADE PRACTICES ACT
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
TRADEMARKS*AUTHORISED USERS
UPFRONT FEES
OTHER GENERAL ISSUES
PAYMENTS
LIABILITY
MISCELLANEOUS
13.5.1
13.5.2
13.5.3
13.5.4
13.5.5
13.5.6
13.5.7
CONFIDENTIALITY
RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS
SOFTWARE
ESCROW AGREEMENTS
POWERS OF ATTORNEY
WHOLE AGREEMENT CLAUSES
ARBITRATION
13-32
13-33
13-40
13^7
13-54
13-58
13-59
13-60
13-61
TAX 13-62
13-64
13-69
13-71
13-71
13-72
13-77
13-78
13-79
13-80
13-82
13-88
13-89
13-90
13-91
13-93
13-96
13-97
13-100
13-102
XV
CONTENTS
13.5.8 FORCE MAJEURE
13.5.9 ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
13.5.10 ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS
13.5.11 PRIVACY
14 HONG KONG
14.1 AGENCY AGREEMENTS
14.1.1 DEFINITION
14.1.2
14.1.3
14.1.4
14.2
14.3
CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN HONG KONG
BUSINESS REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE
REGISTRATION AS AN OVERSEAS COMPANY
TAXATION
SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION
AUTHORITY OF AGENT TO BIND PRINCIPAL
DEL CREDERE GUARANTEE
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION-TRADE MARK
10 TERMINATION AND COMPENSATION
11 CORRUPT GIFTS AND SECRET COMMISSIONS
12 FORMALITIES
13 EXCHANGE CONTROLS-WITHHOLDING TAX
14 OWNERSHIP ISSUES-TRACING
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS
14.2.1 DEFINITION
CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN HONG KONG
TAXATION - WITHHOLDING TAX
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
TERMS OF APPOINTMENT
UNFAIR PRACTICES
LIQUIDATED DAMAGES - CONTRACTING OUT
SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION
AUTHORITY OF DISTRIBUTOR TO BIND PRINCIPAL
14.2.10 COMPENSATION
14.2.11 FORMALITIES
14.2.12 EXCHANGE CONTROLS
14.2.13 EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE GOODS OR
SERVICES
14.2.14 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
MANUFACTURING AGREEMENTS
14.3.1 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
TERMS OF TRADE
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION - PATENTS
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PAYMENTS
GENERAL ISSUES
TAXATION
ROYALTIES
IMPORT REQUIREMENTS
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.
14.2.2
14.2.3
14.2.4
14.2.5
14.2.6
14.2.7
14.2.8
14.2.9
14.3.2
14.3.3
14.3.4
14.3.5
14.3.6
14.3.7
14.3.8
14.4 MISCELLANEOUS
13-110
13-113
13-122
13-123
14-06
14-06
14-07
14-13
14-14
14-15
14-20
14-26
14-27
14-29
14-32
14-34
14-40
14-41
14-42
14-43
14-43
14-44
14-45
14-47
14-59
14-60
14-63
14-65
14-66
14-67
14-68
14-69
14-70
14-71
14-72
14-73
14-74
14-75
14-85
14-86
14-87
14-89
14-90
14-93
XVI
14.4.1
14.4.2
14.4.3
14.4.4
14.4.5
14.4.6
14.4.7
14.4.8
CONFIDENTIALITY
RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
ESCROW
POWERS OF ATTORNEY
WHOLE AGREEMENT CLAUSES
ARBITRATION
FORCE MAJEURE
CONTENTS
14-93
14-94
14-96
14-99
14-101
14-104
14-105
14-125
15 JAPAN
15.1 INTRODUCTION 15-01
15.2 GENERAL PROVISIONS 15-04
15.2.1 GOVERNING LAW AND COURT JURISDICTION 15-04
15.2.2 ARBITRATION 15-07
15.2.3 STAMP DUTIES 15-09
15.2.4 COMPETING ACTIVITY 15-10
15.2.5 POWER OF ATTORNEY AND ESCROW AGREEMENT 15-16
15.2.6 PRODUCT LIABILITY 15-17
15.3 AGENCY AGREEMENTS 15-19
15.3.1 TERMINATION 15-21
15.3.2 OSTENSIBLE AUTHORITY 15-22
15.3.3 COLLECTIONS AND BAILEE 15-23
15.3.4 TRADE MARK REGISTRATION 15-26
15.4 DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS 15-27
15.4.1 EXCLUSIVITY 15-28
15.4.2 PARALLEL IMPORTS 15-29
15.4.3 LOWEST PRICES TO DISTRIBUTOR 15-30
15.4.4 SELLING PRICES AND SALES RESTRICTIONS 15-31
15.4.5 STOCK OF THE PRODUCTS 15-32
15.4.6 TERMINATION 15-33
15.4.7 NO COMPENSATION ON TERMINATION 15-35
15.4.8 DUTY TO SUPPLY 15-37
15.4.9 SECURITY INTEREST 15-39
15.5 LICENSING AGREEMENTS 15-41
15.5.1 LICENCE AND REGISTRATION 15-42
15.5.2 FTC GUIDELINES 15-44
15.5.3 EXPORT RESTRICTIONS 15-51
15.5.4 QUALITY STANDARDS AND SUPPLY OF MATERIALS 15-54
15.5.5 GRANT-BACK OF IMPROVEMENTS 15-56
15.5.6 TERMS OF SUPPLY 15-57
15.5.7 ROYALTY PAYMENTS 15-58
15.5.8 RESTRICTIONS ON MARKETING 15-60
15.5.9 SELLING PRICES 15*61
15.5.10 TRADEMARKS 15-62
15.5.11 STOCK OF THE PRODUCTS 15-63
15.5.12 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 15-65
15.5.13 OTHER REGISTRATIONS 15-68
XVII
CONTENTS
15.5.14 ROYALTY WITHHOLDING TAX 15-69
15.5.15 TERMINATION 15-70
15.5.16 FTC REVIEW 15-71
16 SINGAPORE
16.1 AGENCY AND DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS 16-01
16.2 DISTRIBUTOR AND AGENT DISTINGUISHED 16-07
16.3 THE LAW APPLICABLE TO AN AGENCY OR DISTRIBUTION
ARRANGEMENT 16-11
16.4 FISCAL INCENTIVES 16-19
16.5 TYPES OF AGENCY AND DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS 16-24
16.6 ELEMENTS OF A GOOD AGENCY OR DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT 16-30
16.6.1 DEFINITION OF TERRITORY 16-32
16.6.2 ADVERTISING AND MARKET INFORMATION 16-33
16.6.3 PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 16-34
16.6.4 EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR BREACH 16-44
16.6.5 CONFIDENTIALITY AND RESTRAINT OF TRADE 16-45
16.6.6 CONTRACTS (RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES) ACT
(CAP 53B) 16-48
16.6.7 GOVERNMENT AND OTHER STATUTORY APPROVALS 16-50
16.6.8 TERMINATION CLAUSES 16-52
16.6.9 DISPUTE RESOLUTION, CHOICE OF LAW AND
JURISDICTION 16-55
16.6.10 CLAUSES RELEVANT TO DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS ONLY 16-62
16.6.11 CLAUSES RELEVANT AGENCY AGREEMENTS ONLY 16-69
16.7 MANUFACTURING AGREEMENTS 16-72
16.8 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 16-73
16.9 PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 16-75
16.10 CRITICAL CONTRACTUAL TERMS 16-84
16.10.1 RESTRICTIVE TERMS AND CONDITIONS 16*84
16.10.2 ROYALTY TERMS 16-91
16.10.3 EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR BREACH 16-93
16.10.4 TERMINATION 16-94
16.10.5 COMPENSATION ON TERMINATION 16-97
16.10.6 FORMALITIES 16-100
16.11 LAWS RELATING TO UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES 16-104
16.12 OTHER RELEVANT CONSIDERATIONS 16-109
17 UNITED STATES
17.1 INTRODUCTION 17-01
17.2 REGULATORY OVERVIEW 17-03
17.2.1 US FEDERAL LAWS 17-06
17.2.2 US STATE LAW 17-14
17.2.3 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS 17-17
17.3 SELECTED ISSUES 17-18
17.3.1 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: PATENTS, TRADE MARKS,
COPYRIGHTS AND TRADE SECRETS 17-18
17.3.2 US ANTITRUST RESTRICTIONS 17-43
XVIII
CONTENTS
17.3.3 UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE 17^49
17.3.4 UNIFORM COMPUTER INFORMATION TRANSACTION
ACT 17-56
17.3.5 SALES REPRESENTATIVE LAWS 17-59
17.3.6 STATE FRANCHISING AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY LAWS 17-60
17.3.7 STATE "DOING BUSINESS" REGULATIONS 17-69
17.3.8 PRODUCTS LIABILITY 17-77
17.3.9 PACKAGING, LABELLING, CONTENTS, SAFETY AND OTHER
STANDARDS 17-79
17.3.10 GOVERNING LAW; ENFORCEMENT; ARBITRATION 17-80
17.3.11 INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY ISSUES 17-88
17.4 CONTRACT ISSUE CHECKLIST 17-95
17.4.1 MAIN TERMS 17-96
17.4.2 RELATED CONCEPTS 17-103
17.4.3 SAMPLE PROVISIONS/BOILERPLATE 17-108
18 CYPRUS
18.1 INTRODUCTION 18-01
18.2 AGENCY AGREEMENTS 18-06
18.2.1 GENERAL RELATIONSHIP 18-06
18.2.2 CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN CYPRUS 18-11
18.2.3 PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT 18-19
18.2.4 SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION 18-21
18.2.5 POWER TO BIND 18-26
18.2.6 TERMINATION AND COMPENSATION 18-37
18.2.7 COMMISSION ON SALES 18-58
18.2.8 FORMALITIES 18-62
18.2.9 EXCHANGE CONTROL AND WITHHOLDING TAX 18-78
18.2.10 LITIGATION ISSUES-PRINCIPAL'S EXPOSURE TO LOCAL
J URISDICTION 18-83
18.3 DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS-MANUFACTURING AGREEMENTS 18-86
18.4 MISCELLANEOUS 18-89
18.4.1 CONFIDENTIALITY 18-89
18.4.2 RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS 18-91
18.4.3 ESCROW AGREEMENTS 18-92
18.4.4 POWERS OF ATTORNEY 18-93
18.4.5 ARBITRATION 18-94
18.4.6 FORCE MAJEURE 18-95
19 INTERNATIONAL AGENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND LICENSING AGREEMENTS IN
THE CZECH REPUBLIC
19.1 INTRODUCTION 19-01
19.2 AGENCY AGREEMENTS 19-02
19.2.1 GENERAL RELATIONSHIP 19-02
19.2.2 CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC 19-04
19.2.3 TAX STATUS 19-08
19.2.4 SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION 19-11
19.2.5 AGENT'S POWER TO BIND 19-12
XIX
CONTENTS
19.2.6 GUARANTEES 19-13
19.2.7 TRADE MARKS 19-14
19.2.8 TERMINATION AND COMPENSATION 19-15
19.2.9 CORRUPT GIFTS AND COMMISSIONS 19-16
19.2.10 FORMALITIES 19-17
19.2.11 EXCHANGE CONTROL AND WITHHOLDING TAX 19-18
19.2.12 PRINCIPALS'RIGHTS AGAINST THIRD PARTIES 19-19
19.3 DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS 19-22
19.3.1 GENERAL RELATIONSHIP 19-22
19.3.2 CARRYING ON BUSINESS 19-23
19.3.3 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 19-24
19.3.4 ANTI-COMPETITION 19-29
19.3.5 UNFAIR TRADING PRACTICES 19-30
19.3.6 DAMAGES FOR NON-PERFORMANCE 19-31
19.3.7 SPECIFIC PRODUCT REGULATION 19-32
19.3.8 DISTRIBUTOR'S POWER TO BIND 19-33
19.3.9 TRADE MARKS 19-34
19.3.10 COMPENSATION ON TERMINATION 19-35
19.3.11 FORMALITIES, EXCHANGE CONTROL, WITHHOLDING TAX 19-36
19.3.12 EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY 19-37
19.3.13 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTE SYSTEM 19-38
19.4 MANUFACTURING AGREEMENTS 19-39
19.4.1 GENERAL RELATIONSHIP 19-39
19.5 MISCELLANEOUS 19-40
19.5.1 CONFIDENTIALITY 19-40
19.5.2 COVENANTS 19-43
19.5.3 SOFTWARE 19-44
19.5.4 ESCROW AGREEMENTS 19-45
19.5.5 POWER OF ATTORNEY 19-46
19.5.6 WHOLE AGREEMENT CLAUSES 19-48
19.5.7 ARBITRATION 19-49
19.5.8 FORCE MAJEURE 19-52
20 HUNGARY
INTRODUCTION 20-01
20.1 AGENCY AGREEMENTS 20-03
20.1.1 GENERAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGENT AND
PRINCIPAL 20-03
20.1.2 CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN HUNGARY (WHEN THE
PRINCIPAL APPOINTS AN AGENT TO SEEK OUT ORDERS
AND TRANSMIT ENQUIRIES OR WITH DELEGATED POWER
TO CONCLUDE CONTRACTS ON BEHALF OF THE PRINCIPAL) 20-06
20.1.3 CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN HUNGARY (WHEN THE
PRINCIPAL APPOINTS AN AGENT TO SELL GOODS OWNED
BY THE PRINCIPAL, STORED IN THE TERRITORY) 20-08
20.1.4 FORMALITIES OF CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN HUNGARY 20-09
20.1.5 TAXATION 20-10
XX
CONTENTS
20.1.6 SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION 20-13
20.1.7 POWER TO BIND 20-19
20.1.8 DEL CREDERE GUARANTEE 20-21
20.1.9 TRADE MARKS AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
RIGHTS - AUTHORIZED USE 20-23
20.1.10 COMPENSATION ON TERMINATION OF THE AGREEMENT 20-25
20.1.11 CORRUPT GIFTS AND SECRET COMMISSIONS 20-29
20.1.12 FORMALITIES OF THE AGREEMENT 20-30
20.1.13 EXCHANGE CONTROL PERMISSIONS 20-34
20.1.14 WITHHOLDING TAXES 20-35
20.1.15 OWNERSHIP OF THE PRINCIPAL'S PROPERTY
(QUESTIONS 20.1.15. TO 20.1.17.) 20-40
20.2 DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS 20-43
20.2.1 GENERAL DEFINITION 20-43
20.2.2 CARRYING IN BUSINESS IN HUNGARY 20-46
20.2.3 FORMALITIES 20-47
20.2.4 TAXATION 20-48
20.2.5 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION 20-49
20.2.6 APPOINTMENT OF DIFFERENT DISTRIBUTORS IN
HUNGARY 20-53
20.2.7 RESTRICTIVE TRADING PRACTICES 20-54
20.2.8 PRINCIPAL'S POWERS TO IMPOSE DIFFERENT
OBLIGATIONS UPON THE DISTRIBUTOR 20-58
20.2.9 UNFAIR TRADING PRACTICES 20-59
20.2.10 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY 20-61
20.2.11 SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION 20-62
20.2.12 POWER TO BIND 20-63
20.2.13 TRADE MARKS AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
RIGHTS - AUTHORISED USE 20-64
20.2.14 TERMINATION BECAUSE OF BREACH OF CONTRACT 20-65
20.2.15 TERMINATION WITHOUT NOTICE 20-66
20.2.16 FORMALITIES, EXCHANGE CONTROL PERMISSIONS,
WITHHOLDING TAXES 20-67
20.2.17 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY BETWEEN DISTRIBUTOR AND
PRINCIPAL FOR DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS 20-68
20.2.18 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 20-70
20.3 MANUFACTURING AGREEMENTS 20-71
20.3.1 CONTROL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND ITS DETAILS 20-71
20.3.2 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY LEGISLATION 20-76
20.3.3 SET OF RESALE PRICES 20-77
20.3.4 UNFAIR TRADING PRACTICES, LIMITATION OF LIABILITY,
SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION, TRADE MARKS AND
OTHER INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, FORMALITIES,
EXCHANGE CONTROL PERMISSIONS, POWER TO BIND,
TERMINATION OF THE AGREEMENT 20-78
20.4 MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS 20-79
20.4.1 CONFIDENTIALITY 20-79
XXI
CONTENTS
20.4.2 RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS
20.4.3 SOFTWARE
20.4.4 ESCROW AGREEMENTS
20.4.5 POWERS OF ATTORNEY
20.4.6 WHOLE AGREEMENT CLAUSES
20.4.7 ARBITRATION
20.4.8 FORCE MAJEURE (VIS MAIOR)
21 POLAND
21.1 AGENCY AGREEMENTS
21.2
21.1.1 DEFINITION
21.1.2 CONDUCTING BUSINESS IN POLAND
21.1.3 TAXATION
21.1.4 SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION
21.1.5 POWER TO BIND
21.1.6 GUARANTEE
21.1.7 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
21.1.8 TERMINATION AND COMPENSATION
21.1.9 SECRET COMMISSIONS AND GIFTS
21.1.10 FORMALITIES
21.1.11 EXCHANGE CONTROL AND WITHHOLDING TAX
21.1.12 OWNERSHIP ISSUES
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS
21.2.1 DEFINITION
21.2.2 CONDUCTING BUSINESS IN POLAND
21.2.3 EXCHANGE CONTROL AND WITHHOLDING TAX
21.2.4 DESIGN RIGHTS, COPYRIGHT AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS
21.2.5 LAW ON THE PROTECTION OF COMPETITION AND
CONSUMERS
UNFAIR TRADING PRACTICES
21.2.6
21.2.7
21.2.8
21.2.9
20-84
20-85
20-90
20-92
20-93
20-95
20-100
21-01
21-01
21-02
21-06
21-11
21-12
21-13
21-14
21-16
21-21
21-22
21-23
21-29
21-32
21-32
21-33
21-34
21-37
21-42
21-^9
LIQUIDATED DAMAGES AND CONTRACTING OUT LIABILITY 21-50
SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION 21-52
POWER TO BIND 21-53
21.2.10 TERMINATION AND COMPENSATION 21-54
21.2.11 FORMALITIES 21-55
21.2.12 EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY 21-56
21.2.13 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 21-57
21.3 MANUFACTURING AGREEMENT 21-59
21.3.1 DEFINITION 21-59
21.3.2 GENERAL ISSUES 21-60
21.3.3 LAW ON THE PROTECTION OF COMPETITION AND
CONSUMERS 21-61
21.3.4 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 21-68
21.3.5 EXCHANGE CONTROL, WITHHOLDING TAX AND OTHER
TAX ISSUES 21-72
XXU
CONTENTS
21.4 MISCELLANEOUS 21-80
21.4.1 CONFIDENTIALITY 21-80
21.4.2 RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS 21-84
21.4.3 SOFTWARE 21-86
21.4.4 ESCROW AGREEMENTS 21-89
21.4.5 POWERS OF ATTORNEY 21-90
21.4.6 WHOLE AGREEMENT CLAUSES 21-93
21.4.7 ARBITRATION 21-95
21.4.8 FORCE MAJEURE 21-99
22 ROMANIA
22.1 INTRODUCTION 22-01
22.2 GENERAL PROVISIONS 22-06
22.2.1 RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS 22-06
22.2.2 CONFIDENTIALITY 22-10
22.2.3 SOFTWARE 22-15
22.2.4 ESCROW AGREEMENTS 22-18
22.2.5 POWERS OF ATTORNEY (POA) 22-22
22.2.6 WHOLE AGREEMENT CLAUSES 22-26
22.2.7 ARBITRATION 22-27
22.2.8 FORCE MAJEURE 22-36
22.3 AGENCY 22-42
22.3.1 DEFINITION AND GENERAL CONDITIONS 22-42
22.3.2 CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN THE TERRITORY 22-43
22.3.3 GUARANTEES 22-46
22.3.4 CORRUPT GIFTS AND SECRET COMMISSIONS 22-48
22.3.5 OWNERSHIP ISSUES 22-49
22.4 DISTRIBUTION 22-54
22.4.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS AND RELATED LEGISLATION 22-54
22.4.2 CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN THE TERRITORY 22-55
22.4.3 COMPETITION TERMS RELATED TO PRICES AND OTHER
IMPOSED OBLIGATIONS 22-56
22.4.4 EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE GOODS 22-59
22.4.5 SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 22-60
22.5 LICENSING 22-63
22.5.1 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 22-63
22.5.2 CLAUSES INCLUDING PERMITTED OR FORBIDDEN
COMPETITION RESTRICTIONS 22-64
22.5.3 ROYALTY TERMS 22-69
22.5.4 IMPORT CONDITIONS 22-76
22.6 COMMON ELEMENTS OF AGENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND LICENSING
AGREEMENTS 22-78
22.6.1 FORMALITIES RELATED TO CARRYING ON BUSINESS IN
THE TERRITORY 22-78
22.6.2 TAXATION 22-80
22.6.3 SPECIFIC PRODUCT LEGISLATION 22-81
22.6.4 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 22-84
XXIII
CONTENTS
22.6.5 TRADE MARKS AND AUTHORISED USERS
22.6.6 UNFAIR TRADING PRACTICES
22.6.7 POWER TO BIND
22.6.8 LIQUIDATED DAMAGES AND CONTRACTING OUT
22.6.9 TERMINATION AND COMPENSATION
22.6.10 EXECUTION, WITNESSING, STAMPING, REGISTRATION
FORMALITIES
22.6.11 EXCHANGE CONTROL PERMISSIONS AND WITHHOLDING
TAXES
23 CHOOSING BETWEEN AGENTS, DISTRIBUTORS AND LICENSEES PRACTICAL
GUIDELINES
23.1 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL BACKGROUND
23.2 VERTICAL INTEGRATION
23.3 DEMONSTRATORS OR SHOWROOMS
23.4 MARKETING CONSULTANTS
23.5 DISTRIBUTION FRANCHISEES
23.6 PRODUCTION FRANCHISEES
23.7 LICENSING
23.8 COMMERCIAL AGENTS
23.9 DISTRIBUTORS
23.10 COMPARISON BETWEEN AGENT AND DISTRIBUTOR
23.10.1 CONTROL OVER THE GOODS TO BE SOLD
23.10.2 CONTROL OF CUSTOMER BASE
23.10.3 CONTROL OF PRICING AND CONTRACTUAL TERMS
23.10.4 MONITORING OF PERFORMANCE
23.10.5 FINANCIAL CONTROL
23.10.6 TYPE OF INDUSTRY AND GOODS SOLD
23.11 CONCLUSIONS
APPENDICES
22-87
22-89
22-90
22-93
22-96
22-103
22-107
23-01
23-02
23-08
23-11
23-13
23-16
23-18
23-22
23-25
23-27
23-28
23-29
23-31
23-32
23-33
23-34
23-38
INDEX
SPECIMEN QUESTIONNAIRES FOR LOCAL LAWYERS AL-01
QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE LOCAL IMPLEMENTATION OF COUNCIL
DIRECTIVE 86/853 ON THE COORDINATION OF THE LAWS OF THE
MEMBER STATES RELATING TO SELF-EMPLOYED COMMERCIAL
AGENTS A2-01
FLOW CHART 1 - EC AND UK COMPETITION LAW
JURISDICTIONS A3-01
FLOW CHART 2 - ART.81 - GENERAL APPLICATION A3-02
FLOW CHART 3 - VERTICAL RESTRAINTS UNDER EC COMPETITION
LAW A3-O3
FLOW CHART 4 - VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL RESTRAINTS UNDER
UK COMPETITION LAW A3-04
WEB SITES FOR EU AND UK LEGISLATION A4-01
915
XXIV |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Christou, Richard |
| author_facet | Christou, Richard |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Christou, Richard |
| author_variant | r c rc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021464810 |
| classification_rvk | PT 425 |
| ctrlnum | (DE-599)BVBBV021464810 |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | 4. ed. |
| format | Electronic Software eBook |
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| geographic | Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Großbritannien |
| id | DE-604.BV021464810 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:08:54Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:36:34Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0421791101 0421877502 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014686192 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-M382 |
| owner_facet | DE-M382 |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publishDateSearch | 2003 |
| publishDateSort | 2003 |
| publisher | Sweet & Maxwell |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Commercial series |
| spelling | Christou, Richard Verfasser aut International agency, distribution and licensing agreements written and ed. by Richard Christou 4. ed. London Sweet & Maxwell 2003 c rdamedia cd rdacarrier Commercial series Internationales Privatrecht (DE-588)4027446-9 gnd rswk-swf Handelsvertreter (DE-588)4023260-8 gnd rswk-swf Auslandsgeschäft (DE-588)4003763-0 gnd rswk-swf Lizenzvertrag (DE-588)4036081-7 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Internationales Privatrecht (DE-588)4027446-9 s Lizenzvertrag (DE-588)4036081-7 s DE-604 Auslandsgeschäft (DE-588)4003763-0 s Handelsvertreter (DE-588)4023260-8 s SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014686192&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Christou, Richard International agency, distribution and licensing agreements Internationales Privatrecht (DE-588)4027446-9 gnd Handelsvertreter (DE-588)4023260-8 gnd Auslandsgeschäft (DE-588)4003763-0 gnd Lizenzvertrag (DE-588)4036081-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4027446-9 (DE-588)4023260-8 (DE-588)4003763-0 (DE-588)4036081-7 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | International agency, distribution and licensing agreements |
| title_auth | International agency, distribution and licensing agreements |
| title_exact_search | International agency, distribution and licensing agreements |
| title_exact_search_txtP | International agency, distribution and licensing agreements |
| title_full | International agency, distribution and licensing agreements written and ed. by Richard Christou |
| title_fullStr | International agency, distribution and licensing agreements written and ed. by Richard Christou |
| title_full_unstemmed | International agency, distribution and licensing agreements written and ed. by Richard Christou |
| title_short | International agency, distribution and licensing agreements |
| title_sort | international agency distribution and licensing agreements |
| topic | Internationales Privatrecht (DE-588)4027446-9 gnd Handelsvertreter (DE-588)4023260-8 gnd Auslandsgeschäft (DE-588)4003763-0 gnd Lizenzvertrag (DE-588)4036081-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Internationales Privatrecht Handelsvertreter Auslandsgeschäft Lizenzvertrag Großbritannien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014686192&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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