Polish business law:
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
The Hague [u.a.]
Kluwer Law Internat.
2003
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | LXXXIX, 591 S. |
| ISBN: | 9041119922 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Polish business law |c ed. by Zdzisław Brodecki |
| 264 | 1 | |a The Hague [u.a.] |b Kluwer Law Internat. |c 2003 | |
| 300 | |a LXXXIX, 591 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Brodecki, Zdzisław |4 edt | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135179196825600 |
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| adam_text | POLISH BUSINESS LAW EDITED BY: ZDZISLAW BRODECKI THE CONTRIBUTORS ARE
PARTNERS AND STAFF OF THE WARSAW OFFICE OF CMS CAMERALI MCKEMIA KLUWER
LAW INTERNATIONAL THE HAGUE / LONDON / NEW YORK TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE
OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS XVIII TABLE OF STATUTES XCI TABLE OF CASES
XCVII LIST OF REPERTORIES CIII PREFACE CV ABOUT THE AUTHORS EVI PART
ONE: LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS 1 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL: THE REPUBLIC OF
POLAND 3 1.1. BACKGROUND AND HISTORY 3 1.1.1. AN HISTORIC OVERVIEW 3
1.1.2. POPULATION AND RELIGION 7 1.1.3. POLAND S HISTORICAL REGIONS 9
1.1.4. THE BALTIC SEA - AN AREA OF CO-OPERATION 11 1.2. REVOLUTIONARY
CHANGES IN POLAND 12 1.2.1. CHANGES FOLLOWING THE FALL OF COMMUNISM 12
1.2.2. ECONOMIE AND SOCIAL REFORMS 13 1.2.3. STABILITY OF INSTITUTIONS
17 TABLE OF CONTENTI 1.3. INTERNATIONALISATION AND EUROPEANISATION OF
POLISH LAW 20 1.3.1. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MUNICIPAL AND
INTERNATIONAL 20 LAW 1.3.2. EC LAW AND POLISH LEGAI ORDER 23 CHAPTER 2
THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF 25 POLAND 2.1. INTRODUCTION 25
2.2. PARLIAMENT 25 2.2.1. COMPOSITION 25 2.2.2. POWERS 26 2.3. THE
PRESIDENT 26 2.4. THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS 27 2.5. LOCAI SELF-GOVERNMENT
29 2.6. THE JUDICIARY 29 2.6.1. COURTS 29 2.6.2. THE CONSTITUTIONAL
TRIBUNAL 33 2.6.3. THE STATE TRIBUNAL 34 2.6.4. OMBUDSMAN 34 2.6.5.
COURTS REGISTERS 35 2.7. LEGAI PROFESSION 35 2.7.1. INTRODUCTION 35
2.7.2. THE POLISH LEGAI PROFESSION 35 2.7.3. ACCOUNTING PROFESSIONS 39
CHAPTER 3 THE POLISH JUDICIAL SYSTEM AND LEGAL 43 PROCEDURE 3.1.
INTRODUCTION 43 3.2. THE CIVIL COURTS 44 3.2.1. FIRST INSTANCE COURTS 44
3.2.2. PROCEDURE 46 3.2.3. PLEADINGS 46 3.2.4. EVIDENCE 47 3.2.5.
JUDGEMENTS 48 3.2.6. APPEALS 49 3.3. COSTS OF LITIGATION 51 3.4.
ARBITRATION 52 3.4.1. GENERAL REMARKS 53 3.4.2. COSTS 56 3.4.3.
PROCEEDINGS AT THE NATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 56 ARBITRATION COURT
TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.5. ENFORCEMENT OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN JUDGEMENTS
AND ARBITRATION 58 AWARDS 3.5.1. INTRODUCTION 58 3.5.2. EXECUTION
PROCEEDINGS 58 3.5.3. ENFORCEMENT AND RECOGNITION OF FOREIGN JUDGEMENTS
59 3.5.4. ENFORCEMENT OF ARBITRATION AWARDS 63 CHAPTER 4 CONFLICT OF
LAWS 65 4.1. INTRODUCTION 65 4.2. INTERNATIONAL RULES ON JURISDICTION 65
4.2.1. JURISDICTION UNDER THE LUGANO CONVENTION 67 4.2.2. JURISDICTION
UNDER THE POLISH CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE 68 4.3. PROROGATION OF
JURISDICTION 70 4.3.1. PROROGATION OF JURISDICTION UNDER THE LUGANO
CONVENTION 71 4.3.2. PROROGATION OF JURISDICTION UNDER THE POLISH CIVIL
71 PROCEDURE CODE 4.4. DEROGATION OF JURISDICTION 71 4.4.1. DEROGATION
OF JURISDICTION IN INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS 71 4.4.2. DEROGATION OF
JURISDICTION IN THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 72 4.5. THE APPLICABLE LAW
IN INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES 72 4.5.1. MARRIAGE 73 4.5.2. FAMILY RELATIONS
74 4.5.3. GUARDIANSHIP AND CURATORSHIP 74 4.5.4. SUCCESSION 75 4.5.5.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 75 4.5.6. TORTIOUS LIABILITY 77 4.5.7. CORPORATE
LIABILITY 78 4.5.8. BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND CHEQUES 78 4.5.9. OWNERSHIP
AND OTHER PROPERTY RIGHTS 79 PART TWO: FIRM AND ITS LAW 81 CHAPTER 5
COMPANY LAW 83 5.1. CONDUCTING BUSINESS ACTIVITY 83 5.1.1. INTRODUCTION
83 5.1.2. FREEDOM TO CONDUCT COMMERCIAI ACTIVITY 84 5.1.3. CONCESSIONS
AND PERMITS* 85 5.1.4. FOREIGN ENTREPRENEURS 90 5.1.5. BRANCH OFFICES
AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES 92 5.2. COMMERCIAI CAPITAL COMPANIES 94
5.2.1. INTRODUCTION 94 5.2.2. THE TYPES OF COMMERCIAI CAPITAL COMPANIES
95 VII TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.2.3. COMPANY NAMES 96 5.2.4. SHARE CAPITAL 97
5.2.5. THE FORMATION OF A COMPANY 99 5.2.6. THE ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF FORMING AN SP. Z OO 104 OR SA 5.2.7. SHARES 105 5.2.8.
PLEDGE AND USUFRUCT OF THE SHARES 107 5.2.9. SHARE TRANSFERS 108 5.2.10.
SHARES HELD BY THE COMPANY ITSELF 110 5.2.11. POSITION OF SHAREHOLDERS
111 5.2.12. MINORITY SHAREHOLDER AND MAJORITY SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS 116
5.2.13. PERSONAL RIGHTS 118 5.2.14. SHAREHOLDERS OBLIGATIONS 118
5.2.15. SHAREHOLDERS MEETINGS 119 5.2.16. VOID AND VOIDABLE RESOLUTIONS
124 5.2.17. FINANCING A COMPANY 125 5.2.18. DEBT FINANCE 127 5.2.19.
MINIMUM CAPITAL AND PROFIT DISTRIBUTION 128 5.2.20. THE MANAGEMENT BOARD
132 5.2.21. THE SUPERVISORY BOARD 136 5.2.22. LOANS TO MANAGEMENT BOARD
MEMBERS AND OTHER OFFICERS 140 5.2.23. BALANCE SHEET AND PROFIT AND LOSS
STATEMENTS 140 5.2.24. DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION OF THE COMPANY 142
5.2.25. MERGERS, DIVISIONS AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF CAPITAL 144 COMPANIES
AND PARTNERSHIPS 5.3. PARTNERSHIPS 148 5.3.1. INTRODUCTION 148 5.3.2.
REGISTERED PARTNERSHIPS 149 5.3.3. PROFESSIONAL PARTNERSHIP 153 5.3.4.
LIMITED PARTNERSHIP 155 5.3.5. LIMITED JOINT-STOCK PARTNERSHIP 157
CHAPTER 6 REAL ESTATE AND CONSTRUCTION LAWS 163 6.1. INTRODUCTION 163
6.2. RIGHTS IN PROPERTY 164 6.2.1. FULL OWNERSHIP 164 6.2.2.
NEIGHBOURHOOD LAW 165 6.2.3. JOINT OWNERSHIP 166 6.2.4. OWNERSHIP OF
INDEPENDENT PREMISES 167 6.2.5. PERPETUAI USUFRUCT 168 6.2.6. MORTGAGE
170 6.2.7. SIMPLE USUFRUCT 171 VIII 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. 6.6. 6.2.8. 6.2.9.
6.2.10. 6.2.11. TABLE OF CONTENTS SERVITUDES CO-OPERATIVE RIGHTS RIGHTS
IN PERSONAM: LEASES AND SIMILAR AGREEMENTS OPERATING AND FINANCIAL
LEASING REAL ESTATE REGISTERS 6.3.1. 6.3.2. MORTGAGE REGISTER ( ETERNAI
BOOKS ) LAND REGISTER ACQUISITION OF REAL ESTATE 6.4.1. 6.4.2. 6.4.3.
6.4.4. 6.4.5. ACQUISITION BY CONTRACT ACQUISITION BY FOREIGN PARTIES
OTHER RESTRICTIONS ON THE ACQUISITION OF REAL ESTATE 171 172 173 176 177
177 179 179 179 181 182 ACQUISITION FROM THE STATE TREASURY AND LOCAI
AUTHORITIES 183 OTHER FORMS OF ACQUISITION EXPROPRIATION AND
RE-PRIVATISATION 6.5.1. 6.5.2. EXPROPRIATION RE-PRIVATISATION
ADMINISTRATIVE CONSTRAINTS OF REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT 6.6.1. 6.6.2.
6.6.3. 6.6.4. 6.6.5. 6.6.6. 6.6.7. 6.6.8. ZONING REGULATIONS AND LOCAI
MASTER PLANS DEVELOPMENT OF RETAIL SCHEMES OTHER GENERAL CONSTRAINTS
LAND SUBDIVISION PLANNING PERMITS BUILDING PERMITS PROCEDURAL ASPECTS OF
SECURING PLANNING AND BUILDING PERMITS OCCUPANCY PERMITS 184 186 186 187
188 188 189 190 191 192 194 196 197 CHAPTER 7 CONTRACTS AND TORTS 199
7.1. CONTRACT 7.1.1. 7.1.2. 7.1.3. 7.1.4. 7.1.5. 7.1.6. 7.1.7. 7.1.8.
7.1.9. 7.1.10. 7.1.11. LAW INTRODUCTION BASIC CATEGORISATION OF
CONTRACTS CAPACITY TO ENTER INTO A CONTRACT AGENCY CONCLUSION OF A
CONTRACT PRELIMINARY CONTRACTS LETTERS OF INTENT THE CONTENTS AND FORM
OF A CONTRACT PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS EXPIRY OF CONTRACTS
PROTECTION OF A CREDITOR IN THE EVENT OF THE DEBTOR S INSOLVENCY 199 199
200 202 205 207 208 209 210 216 221 225 TABLE OF CONTENTS 7.2. TORTS 226
7.2.1. INTRODUCTION 226 7.2.2. PREREQUISITES OF TORTIOUS LIABILITY 227
7.2.3. PRINCIPLES OF LIABILITY 229 7.2.4. LIABILITY FOR ACTS AND
OMISSIONS 231 7.2.5. LIABILITY OF THE STATE TREASURY, STATE LEGAI
ENTITIES AND 232 MUNICIPIALITIES 7.2.6. LIABILITY FOR HARM CAUSED BY
THIRD PARTIES 235 7.2.7. LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES CAUSED BY ANIMALS OR
OTHER 237 PROPERTY 7.2.8. LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES CAUSED BY NATURAI
DISASTERS AND THE 239 USE OF NATURAI FORCES 7.2.9. AVOIDANCE OF IMMITENT
DAMAGE 240 7.2.10. OTHER MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES OF LIABILITY 240 7.2.11.
DEFENCES TO TORTUOUS LIABILITY 241 7.2.12. THE EXTEND OF THE
TORTFEASOR S OBLIGATION TO REDRESS 241 TORTIOUS HARM 7.2.13. LIMITATIONS
ON THE DUTY TO REDRESS TORTIOUS HARM 243 7.2.14. COINCIDENCE OF TORTIOUS
AND CONTRACTED LIABILITY 244 7.2.15. LIMITATION OF ACTIONS 245 CHAPTER 8
BANKING LAW 8.1. INTRODUCTION 8.2. THE BANKING SECTOR 8.2.1.
ESTABLISHING A BANK 8.2.2. ESTABLISHING A BRANCH 8.2.3. E-BANKING 8.2.4.
SPECIALISED BANKS 8.3. MERGER REGULATIONS, LIQUIDATION AND BANKRUPTCY
8.3.1. MERGERS 8.3.2. LIQUIDATION 8.3.3. BANKRUPTCY 8.4. BANKING
SUPERVISION 8.4.1. ORGANISATION OF BANKING SUPERVISION 8.4.2. SCOPE OF
BANKING SUPERVISION 8.4.3. FORMS AND MEANS OF BANKING SUPERVISION 8.5.
THE POLISH CENTRAL BANK (NBP) 8.5.1. GENERAL REMARKS 8.5.2. MONETARY
POLICY 8.5.3. FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTRAI 8.6. BANKING SERVICES 8.6.1.
GENERAL REMARKS 247 247 250 250 251 252 253 256 256 256 258 258 258 260
261 264 264 265 267 268 268 TABLE OF CONTENTS 8.6.2. LOANS 269 8.6.3.
BANK ACCOUNTS 273 8.6.4. BANK GUARANTEES 276 8.7. SPECIAL ENFORCEMENT
RIGHTS 277 CHAPTER 9 INSURANCE 279 9.1. INTRODUCTION 279 9.2. INSURANCE
COMPANIES: FORMS AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION 279 9.2.1. GENERAL
279 9.2.2. JOINT STOCK INSURANCE COMPANIES 280 9.2.3. MUTUAL INSURANCE
COMPANIES 280 9.2.4. MAIN BRANCH OF A FOREIGN INSURANCE COMPANY 281 9.3.
ACCESS TO INSURANCE BUSINESS (REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES) 281 9.3.1.
GENERAL 281 9.3.2. JOINT STOCK COMPANIES 282 9.3.3. MUTUAL INSURANCE
COMPANIES 282 9.3.4. MAIN BRANCHES OF FOREIGN INSURANCE COMPANIES 283
9.4. FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF CONDUCTING INSURANCE ACTIVITY 284 9.4.1.
CAPITALS AND ASSETS OF INSURANCE COMPANIES 284 9.4.2. TECHNICAL
UNDERWRITING RESERVES 285 9.4.3. INVESTMENT POLICY OF INSURANCE COMPANY
ASSETS 285 9.4.4. ACCOUNTANCY AND INSURANCE COMPANIES 286 9.4.5.
TAXATION OF INSURANCE COMPANIES 286 9.5. CONSOLIDATION OF INSURANCE
INDUSTRY 287 9.5.1. MERGER OF INSURANCE COMPANIES 287 9.5.2. TRANSFER OF
INSURANCE PORTFOLIOS 287 9.6. REDRESSING PROCEDURES, LIQUIDATION AND
BANKRUPTCY OF INSURANCE 288 COMPANIES 9.6.1. REDRESSING PROCEDURES 288
9.6.2. LIQUIDATION OF INSURANCE COMPANIES 289 9.6.3. BANKRUPTCY 289 9.7.
SUPERVISION OF INSURANCE COMPANIES 290 9.7.1. ORGANISATION OF INSURANCE
SUPERVISION 290 9.7.2. SCOPE OF INSURANCE SUPERVISION 290 9.7.3. FORMS
AND LEGAI MEANS OF INSURANCE SUPERVISION 291 9.8. INSURANCE
INTERMEDIARIES (AGENTS AND BROKERS) 292 9.8.1. GENERAL 292 9.8.2.
INSURANCE AGENTS 292 9.8.3. INSURANCE BROKERS 293 9.9. INSURANCE
CONTRACTS 294 9.9.1. GENERAL REMARKS 294 9.9.2. INSURABLE RISKS AND
INTERESTS 295 TABLE OF CONTENTS 9.9.3. EXECUTING INSURANCE CONTRACTS 297
9.9.4. INDEMNITY VALUE AND THE INSURED SUM 299 9.9.5. OBLIGATIONS OF THE
INSURED 300 9.9.6. OBLIGATIONS OF THE INSURER 302 9.9.7. SUBROGATION 304
9.9.8. THIRD-PARTY INSURANCE 304 9.9.9. TERMINATION OF INSURANCE
CONTRACTS AND LIMITATION OF 305 ACTIONS 9.9.10. LIMITATION PERIODS 306
9.9.11. REINSURANCE CONTRACTS 306 9.10. DIRTERENT TYPES OF INSURANCE 307
9.10.1. NON-LIFE INSURANCE 308 9.10.2. LIFE INSURANCE 317 CHAPTER 10
PUBLIC TRADING IN SECURITIES 323 10.1. INTRODUCTION 323 10.2. PUBLIC
OFFERINGS OF SECURITIES 323 10.2.1. APPROVAI OF THE SECURITIES
COMMISSION 323 10.2.2. THE PROSPECTUS 324 10.2.3. PROSPECTUS DELIVERY
324 10.2.4. PLACEMENT OF EQUITY SECURITIES 325 10.2.5. PLACEMENT OF DEBT
SECURITIES 326 10.3. TRADING MARKETS 327 10.3.1. THE WARSAW STOCK
EXCHANGE (WSE) 327 10.3.2. ADMISSION OF SECURITIES TO TRADING 327
10.3.3. INTRODUCTION OF SECURITIES TO TRADING 328 10.3.4. EXCHANGE
TRANSACTIONS 329 10.3.5. TRADING SYSTEM 330 10.3.6. ACQUISITION OF
BLOCKS OF SHARES. PUBLIC TENDERS 331 10.3.7. THRESHOLD REPORTING 333
10.4. TRADING 334 10.4.1. REGULATION OF BROKERS 334 10.4.2. MARKET
ANIMATORS 336 10.5. SECURITIES PROCESSING 336 10.5.1. THE NATIONAL
DEPOSITORY OF SECURITIES 336 10.5.2. SETTLEMENT OF STOCK EXCHANGE
TRANSACTIONS 338 10.6. FOREIGN INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS 338 10.6.1.
RESTRICTIONS ON INVESTMENTS 338 10.6.2. METHOD OF PURCHASE 338 10.6.3.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE REGULATIONS 339 10.7. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 339
10.7.1. PERIODIC REPORTING 339 10.7.2. ONGOING DISCLOSURE 340 TABLE OF
CONTENTS CHAPTER 11 TAXLAW 343 11.1. CORPORATE PROFITS TAX 343 11.1.1.
TAX PAYERS 343 11.1.2. INCOME 345 11.1.3. TAX-DEDUCTIBLE AND NON-TAX
DEDUCTIBLE COSTS 348 11.1.4. TAX DEPRECIATION OF ASSETS 350 11.1.5. TAX
YEARS, TAX ADVANCES AND FINAL TAX COMPUTATION 352 11.1.6. PROFIT AND
LOSS 354 11.1.7. MERGERS 354 11.1.8. INCOME FROM DIVIDENDS PAID BY
POLISH COMPANIES 355 11.1.9. TAXATION OF FOREIGN ENTITIES 355 11.2.
PERSONAL INCOME TAX 359 11.2.1. TAX PAYERS 359 11.2.2. CALCULATION OF
PERSONAL INCOME TAX 359 11.2.3. THE VARIOUS SOURCES OF AN INDIVIDUALI
INCOME 361 11.3. VALUE ADDED TAX 365 11.3.1. GENERAL INFORMATION 365
11.3.2. TAX PAYERS 367 11.3.3. VAT EXEMPTIONS 369 11.3.4. TAXPOINT 370
11.3.5. BASIS OF TAXATION 370 11.3.6. VAT RATES 371 11.3.7. INPUT VAT -
TAXPAYER S RIGHT OF RECOVERY 371 11.3.8. VAT-PAYER OBLIGATIONS 373 11.4.
EXCISE TAX 374 CHAPTER 12 INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND SHIPPING 375 12.1.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE 375 12.1.1. PREFERENCIAL TRADE RELATIONS 375 12.1.2.
POLISH CUSTOMS LAW 379 12.2. REGISTRATION OF SHIPS 389 12.2.1.
INTRODUCTION 389 12.2.2. SHIP S NATIONALITY 392 12.2.3. OBLIGATIONS OF
VESSELS WITH POLISH NATIONALITY 394 12.2.4. BAREBOAT-OUT 394 12.2.5.
POLISH REGISTER OF SHIPS 395 12.2.6. MORTGAGES 398 12.2.7. MEASUREMENT
OF VESSELS 399 12.2.8. SHIP S DOCUMENTS 400 12.2.9. SAFETY STANDARDS 400
12.2.10. CLASSIFICATION SOCIETIES 401 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 13
BANKRUPTCY LAW 403 13.1. INTRODUCTION 403 13.2. SCOPE OF THE LAW 404
13.2.1. BANKRUPTCY IN AN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT 404 13.3. BANKRUPTCY
PETITION 405 13.3.1. CAPACITY IN BANKRUPTCY 405 13.3.2. CAPACITY TO BE
BANKRUPT 406 13.3.3. CAPACITY TO BEGIN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS 407
13.3.4. FILING BANKRUPTCY PETITION 409 13.3.5. ADJUDICATION OF
BANKRUPTCY PETITIONS 410 13.4. THE EFFECTS OF COMMENCING BANKRUPTCY
PROCEEDINGS 413 13.4.1. EFFECTS FOR THE BANKRUPT 413 13.4.2. EFFECTS FOR
THE BANKRUPT S ESTATE 414 13.4.3. THE FATE OF A BANKRUPT S OBLIGATIONS
415 13.5. INEFFECTIVE OR VOIDABLE ACTS OF A BANKRUPT 416 13.5.1.
INEFFECTIVE DISPOSITIONS BY OPERATION OF LAW 416 13.5.2. DIFFERENT TYPES
OF INEFFECTIVE DISPOSITIONS 417 13.5.3. MUTUAL CONTRACTS 418 13.6.
BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS 419 13.6.1. THE BANKRUPTCY COURT AND SUPERVISING
JUDGE 420 13.6.2. POWERS OF THE OFFICIAI RECEIVER 422 13.6.3.
PARTICIPANTS OF BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS 423 13.6.4. ARRANGEMENT
PROCEEDINGS 430 13.6.5. CURRENT DEFICIENCIES IN POLISH BANKRUPTCY LAWS
431 PART THREE: PROTECTIVE POLICY 437 CHAPTER 14 PROTECTION OF
COMPETITION AND 439 CONSUMERS 14.1. INTRODUCTION 439 14.2. POLISH
COMPETITION LAW 439 14.3. ANTI-COMPETITIVE AGREEMENTS 441 14.3.1.
COMMERCIAI AGREEMENTS 441 14.3.2. DEFINITION OF AN AGREEMENT 442 14.3.3.
RESTRICTION OF COMPETITION 443 14.3.4. AGREEMENTS OF MINOR IMPORTANCE
443 14.3.5. BLOCK EXEMPTIONS 444 14.3.6. INDIVIDUAI EXEMPTIONS 445
14.3.7. ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT 445 14.3.8. INVALIDITY 446 14.3.9. FINES
447 XIV TABLE OF CONTENTS 14.4. ABUSE OF A DOMINANT POSITION 447 14.4.1.
DOMINANT POSITION 447 14.4.2. ABUSE OF A DOMINANT POSITION 448 14.4.3.
INVALIDITY AND FINES 449 14.5. LEGAI REMEDIES 449 14.5.1. ANTIMONOPOLY
PROCEEDINGS 449 14.5.2. CLAIMS FOR DAMAGES 450 14.5.3. INDIVIDUAI
CONSUMER ACTION 450 14.6. CONTROL OF CONCENTRATIONS 450 14.6.1.
NOTIFIABLE CONCENTRATIONS 450 14.6.2. DEADLINE FOR NOTIFICATION 451
14.6.3. SUSPENSION BEFORE CLEARANCE 451 14.6.4. DECISIONS 451 14.6.5.
EXEMPTIONS 452 14.6.6. CONSEQUENCES OF BREACH 453 14.7. ANTIMONOPOLY
AUTHORITIES 453 14.7.1. PRESIDENT OF THE OFFICE FOR THE PROTECTION OF
COMPETITION 454 AND CONSUMERS 14.7.2. ANTIMONOPOLY COURT 455 14.8.
UNFAIR COMPETITION 455 14.8.1. GENERAL DEFINITION 456 14.8.2. ACTS
CONSTITUTING UNFAIR COMPETITION 456 14.8.3. ADVERTISING 459 14.8.4.
BRIBERY OF A PUBLIC OFFICER 460 14.8.5. ENFORCEMENT 460 14.9. CRIMINAL
LIABILITY 462 14.10. STATE AID 462 14.10.1. DEFINITION AND FORMS OF
STATE AID 462 14.10.2. ADMISSIBILITY 463 14.10.3. MONITORING 463
14.10.4. DUTIES OF ENTREPRENEURS 464 14.10.5. SPECIAL ECONOMIE ZONES 464
14.11. CONSUMER PROTECTION 465 14.11.1. THE DEFINITION OF A CONSUMER 465
14.11.2. CONSUMER CONTRACTS 465 14.11.3. PRODUCT LIABILITY 475 14.11.4.
RIGHT TO INFORMATION 479 14.11.5. ENFORCEMENT OF CONSUMER RIGHTS 480
CHAPTER 15 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW 485 15.1. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
RIGHTS UNDER POLISH LAW - GENERAL REMARKS 485 15.2. AUTHORITY FOR
INDUSTRIAI PROPERTY RIGHTS 487 XV TABLE OF CONTENTS 15.3. PATENTS 488
15.3.1. APPLYING FOR AND GRANTING PROTECTION 489 15.3.2. TRANSFER AND
LICENSING 490 15.3.3. PATENTS AND EMPLOYEES 490 15.3.4. PATENTS IN
PHARMACEUTICAL BUSINESS 490 15.4. UTILITY MODELS 492 15.5. INDUSTRIAI
DESIGNS 492 15.6. TRADE MARKS 493 15.6.1. APPLICATION AND GRANTING OF
TRADEMARKS 494 15.6.2. TRANSFER AND LICENSING 495 15.6.3. INDICATIONS OF
ORIGIN 495 15.6.4. APPLICATION AND GRANTING OF INDICATIONS OF ORIGIN 496
15.6.5. TRANSFER AND LICENSING 497 15.7. COPYRIGHT AND NEIGHBOURING
RIGHTS 497 15.7.1. GENERAL 497 15.7.2. TRANSFER AND LICENSING 498
15.7.3. NEIGHBOURING RIGHTS 499 15.7.4. DERIVATIVE RIGHTS 499 15.7.5.
DRAFT LAW ON AMENDMENTS TO THE ACT 500 15.8. TOPOGRAPHY OF
SEMI-CONDUCTOR PRODUCTS 500 15.9. DISPUTES IN RELATION TO INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS 501 15.9.1. CLAIMS UNDER ACT 501 15.9.2. DISPUTES IN
RELATION TO COPYRIGHT 502 15.10. CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY INFRINGEMENTS 503 15.10.1. PENAI LIABILITY UNDER THE ACT 503
15.10.2. PENAI LIABILITY UNDER THE ACT 505 CHAPTER 16 LABOUR LAW AND
SOCIAL INSURANCE 507 16.1. LABOUR LAW 507 507 508 514 516 518 519 521
522 524 528 528 16.2. SOCIAL INSURANCE 529 16.2.1. INTRODUCTION 529
LABOUR 16.1.1. 16.1.2. 16.1.3. 16.1.4. 16.1.5. 16.16. 16.1.7. 16.1.8.
16.1.9. 16.1.10. 16.1.11. LAW INTRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS
EMPLOYER S DUTIES EMPLOYEE S DUTIES WORKPLACE AND RENUMERATION BY-LAWS
WORKING CONDITIONS EQUAL STATUS OF MEN AND WOMEN AT WORK SPECIAL
PROTECTION FOR WOMEN COLLECTIVE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS WORK PERMITS
TOWARDS THE EUROPEAN UNION 16.2.2. 16.2.3. 16.2.4. 16.2.5. 16.2.6.
16.2.7. SOCIAL INSURANCE CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL
INSURANCE BENEFITS SICKNESS INSURANCE ACCIDENT AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
INSURANCE HEALTH INSURANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS 529 531 532 535 538 540
CHAPTER 17 PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 543 17.1. INTRODUCTION 543
17.2. POLICIES AND PROGRAMS CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
544 17.3. PERMIT REQUIREMENTS 545 17.4. ENFORCEMENT OF POLISH
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION 545 17.5. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE POLISH
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 546 17.6. ACCESS TO ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION 546
17.7. PARTICIPATION BY THE PUBLIC IN ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS RELATED
TO 548 THE ENVIRONMENT 17.8. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 549 17.8.1.
GENERAL REMARKS 549 17.8.2. PIAN AND PROGRAMMES 550 17.8.3. IN
TRANSBOUNDARY CONTEXT 551 17.9. PERMIT REQUIREMENTS FOR BUSINESSES 552
17.9.1. GENERAL RULES 552 17.9.2. IPPC - RELATED INSTALLATIONS 554
17.9.3. NON-IPPC RELATED INSTALLATIONS 555 17.9.4. PREVENTION OF
ACCIDENTS 556 17.9.5. TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENT OF WASTE 557 17.10.
PARTICULAR APPROACHES TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 560 17.10.1.
SUBSTANCES 560 17.10.2. PRODUCTS 562 17.11. LANDFILL PROJECTS 563
17.11.1. ESTABLISHMENT 563 17.11.2. OPERATION 563 17.11.3. POST CLOSURE
OBLIGATIONS 565 17.12. CONTAMINATED LAND 565 17.12.1. DEFINITION OF THE
CONTAMINATED LAND 565 17.12.2. SCOPE OF OBLIGED PERSONS 565 17.12.3.
SCOPE OF THE CLEAN-UP OBLIGATION 566 17.12.4. EXCLUSIONS 566 17.12.5.
THE REGISTER OF CONTAMINATED LAND 567 17.13. TRANSITIONAL PROGRAMMES FOR
NON-COMPLYING COMPANIES 567 17.13.1. SCOPE OF ELIGIBLE BUSINESSES 567
XVII TABLE OF CONTENTS 17.13.2. CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS 568 17.13.3.
PROCEDURE 568 17.14. FINANCIAL AND LEGAI INSTRUMENTS 569 17.14.1.
GENERAL RULES 569 17.14.2. FEES FOR THE USE OF THE ENVIRONMENT 570
17.14.3. INCREASED FEES 571 17.14.4. ADMINISTRATIVE FINES 571 17.14.5.
DEFERMENT, REDUCTION AND REMISSION OF INCREASED FEES FOR 572 THE USE OF
THE ENVIRONMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE FINES 17.14.6. PRODUCT AND DEPOSIT
CHARGES 573 17.15. LIABILITY 573 17.15.1. ADMINISTRATIVE LIABILITY 573
17.15.2. CIVIL LIABILITY 574 17.15.3. PENAI LIABILITY 576 17.16. FUNDS
FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND WATER MANAGEMENT 576 SELECTED
BIBLIOGRAPHY 579 INDEX 587 XVIN
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POLISH BUSINESS LAW EDITED BY: ZDZISLAW BRODECKI THE CONTRIBUTORS ARE
PARTNERS AND STAFF OF THE WARSAW OFFICE OF CMS CAMERALI MCKEMIA KLUWER
LAW INTERNATIONAL THE HAGUE / LONDON / NEW YORK TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE
OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS XVIII TABLE OF STATUTES XCI TABLE OF CASES
XCVII LIST OF REPERTORIES CIII PREFACE CV ABOUT THE AUTHORS EVI PART
ONE: LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS 1 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL: THE REPUBLIC OF
POLAND 3 1.1. BACKGROUND AND HISTORY 3 1.1.1. AN HISTORIC OVERVIEW 3
1.1.2. POPULATION AND RELIGION 7 1.1.3. POLAND'S HISTORICAL REGIONS 9
1.1.4. THE BALTIC SEA - AN AREA OF CO-OPERATION 11 1.2. REVOLUTIONARY
CHANGES IN POLAND 12 1.2.1. CHANGES FOLLOWING THE FALL OF COMMUNISM 12
1.2.2. ECONOMIE AND SOCIAL REFORMS 13 1.2.3. STABILITY OF INSTITUTIONS
17 TABLE OF CONTENTI 1.3. INTERNATIONALISATION AND EUROPEANISATION OF
POLISH LAW 20 1.3.1. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MUNICIPAL AND
INTERNATIONAL 20 LAW 1.3.2. EC LAW AND POLISH LEGAI ORDER 23 CHAPTER 2
THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF 25 POLAND 2.1. INTRODUCTION 25
2.2. PARLIAMENT 25 2.2.1. COMPOSITION 25 2.2.2. POWERS 26 2.3. THE
PRESIDENT 26 2.4. THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS 27 2.5. LOCAI SELF-GOVERNMENT
29 2.6. THE JUDICIARY 29 2.6.1. COURTS 29 2.6.2. THE CONSTITUTIONAL
TRIBUNAL 33 2.6.3. THE STATE TRIBUNAL 34 2.6.4. OMBUDSMAN 34 2.6.5.
COURTS' REGISTERS 35 2.7. LEGAI PROFESSION 35 2.7.1. INTRODUCTION 35
2.7.2. THE POLISH LEGAI PROFESSION 35 2.7.3. ACCOUNTING PROFESSIONS 39
CHAPTER 3 THE POLISH JUDICIAL SYSTEM AND LEGAL 43 PROCEDURE 3.1.
INTRODUCTION 43 3.2. THE CIVIL COURTS 44 3.2.1. FIRST INSTANCE COURTS 44
3.2.2. PROCEDURE 46 3.2.3. PLEADINGS 46 3.2.4. EVIDENCE 47 3.2.5.
JUDGEMENTS 48 3.2.6. APPEALS 49 3.3. COSTS OF LITIGATION 51 3.4.
ARBITRATION 52 3.4.1. GENERAL REMARKS 53 3.4.2. COSTS 56 3.4.3.
PROCEEDINGS AT THE NATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 56 ARBITRATION COURT
TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.5. ENFORCEMENT OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN JUDGEMENTS
AND ARBITRATION 58 AWARDS 3.5.1. INTRODUCTION 58 3.5.2. EXECUTION
PROCEEDINGS 58 3.5.3. ENFORCEMENT AND RECOGNITION OF FOREIGN JUDGEMENTS
59 3.5.4. ENFORCEMENT OF ARBITRATION AWARDS 63 CHAPTER 4 CONFLICT OF
LAWS 65 4.1. INTRODUCTION 65 4.2. INTERNATIONAL RULES ON JURISDICTION 65
4.2.1. JURISDICTION UNDER THE LUGANO CONVENTION 67 4.2.2. JURISDICTION
UNDER THE POLISH CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE 68 4.3. PROROGATION OF
JURISDICTION 70 4.3.1. PROROGATION OF JURISDICTION UNDER THE LUGANO
CONVENTION 71 4.3.2. PROROGATION OF JURISDICTION UNDER THE POLISH CIVIL
71 PROCEDURE CODE 4.4. DEROGATION OF JURISDICTION 71 4.4.1. DEROGATION
OF JURISDICTION IN INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS 71 4.4.2. DEROGATION OF
JURISDICTION IN THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 72 4.5. THE APPLICABLE LAW
IN INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES 72 4.5.1. MARRIAGE 73 4.5.2. FAMILY RELATIONS
74 4.5.3. GUARDIANSHIP AND CURATORSHIP 74 4.5.4. SUCCESSION 75 4.5.5.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 75 4.5.6. TORTIOUS LIABILITY 77 4.5.7. CORPORATE
LIABILITY 78 4.5.8. BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND CHEQUES 78 4.5.9. OWNERSHIP
AND OTHER PROPERTY RIGHTS 79 PART TWO: FIRM AND ITS LAW 81 CHAPTER 5
COMPANY LAW 83 5.1. CONDUCTING BUSINESS ACTIVITY 83 5.1.1. INTRODUCTION
83 5.1.2. FREEDOM TO CONDUCT COMMERCIAI ACTIVITY 84 5.1.3. CONCESSIONS
AND PERMITS* 85 5.1.4. FOREIGN ENTREPRENEURS 90 5.1.5. BRANCH OFFICES
AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES 92 5.2. COMMERCIAI CAPITAL COMPANIES 94
5.2.1. INTRODUCTION 94 5.2.2. THE TYPES OF COMMERCIAI CAPITAL COMPANIES
95 VII TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.2.3. COMPANY NAMES 96 5.2.4. SHARE CAPITAL 97
5.2.5. THE FORMATION OF A COMPANY 99 5.2.6. THE ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF FORMING AN SP. Z OO 104 OR SA 5.2.7. SHARES 105 5.2.8.
PLEDGE AND USUFRUCT OF THE SHARES 107 5.2.9. SHARE TRANSFERS 108 5.2.10.
SHARES HELD BY THE COMPANY ITSELF 110 5.2.11. POSITION OF SHAREHOLDERS
111 5.2.12. MINORITY SHAREHOLDER AND MAJORITY SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS 116
5.2.13. PERSONAL RIGHTS 118 5.2.14. SHAREHOLDERS' OBLIGATIONS 118
5.2.15. SHAREHOLDERS MEETINGS 119 5.2.16. VOID AND VOIDABLE RESOLUTIONS
124 5.2.17. FINANCING A COMPANY 125 5.2.18. DEBT FINANCE 127 5.2.19.
MINIMUM CAPITAL AND PROFIT DISTRIBUTION 128 5.2.20. THE MANAGEMENT BOARD
132 5.2.21. THE SUPERVISORY BOARD 136 5.2.22. LOANS TO MANAGEMENT BOARD
MEMBERS AND OTHER OFFICERS 140 5.2.23. BALANCE SHEET AND PROFIT AND LOSS
STATEMENTS 140 5.2.24. DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION OF THE COMPANY 142
5.2.25. MERGERS, DIVISIONS AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF CAPITAL 144 COMPANIES
AND PARTNERSHIPS 5.3. PARTNERSHIPS 148 5.3.1. INTRODUCTION 148 5.3.2.
REGISTERED PARTNERSHIPS 149 5.3.3. PROFESSIONAL PARTNERSHIP 153 5.3.4.
LIMITED PARTNERSHIP 155 5.3.5. LIMITED JOINT-STOCK PARTNERSHIP 157
CHAPTER 6 REAL ESTATE AND CONSTRUCTION LAWS 163 6.1. INTRODUCTION 163
6.2. RIGHTS IN PROPERTY 164 6.2.1. FULL OWNERSHIP 164 6.2.2.
NEIGHBOURHOOD LAW 165 6.2.3. JOINT OWNERSHIP 166 6.2.4. OWNERSHIP OF
INDEPENDENT PREMISES 167 6.2.5. PERPETUAI USUFRUCT 168 6.2.6. MORTGAGE '
170 6.2.7. SIMPLE USUFRUCT 171 VIII 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. 6.6. 6.2.8. 6.2.9.
6.2.10. 6.2.11. TABLE OF CONTENTS SERVITUDES CO-OPERATIVE RIGHTS RIGHTS
IN PERSONAM: LEASES AND SIMILAR AGREEMENTS OPERATING AND FINANCIAL
LEASING REAL ESTATE REGISTERS 6.3.1. 6.3.2. MORTGAGE REGISTER ('ETERNAI
BOOKS') LAND REGISTER ACQUISITION OF REAL ESTATE 6.4.1. 6.4.2. 6.4.3.
6.4.4. 6.4.5. ACQUISITION BY CONTRACT ACQUISITION BY FOREIGN PARTIES
OTHER RESTRICTIONS ON THE ACQUISITION OF REAL ESTATE 171 172 173 176 177
177 179 179 179 181 182 ACQUISITION FROM THE STATE TREASURY AND LOCAI
AUTHORITIES 183 OTHER FORMS OF ACQUISITION EXPROPRIATION AND
RE-PRIVATISATION 6.5.1. 6.5.2. EXPROPRIATION RE-PRIVATISATION
ADMINISTRATIVE CONSTRAINTS OF REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT 6.6.1. 6.6.2.
6.6.3. 6.6.4. 6.6.5. 6.6.6. 6.6.7. 6.6.8. ZONING REGULATIONS AND LOCAI
MASTER PLANS DEVELOPMENT OF RETAIL SCHEMES OTHER GENERAL CONSTRAINTS
LAND SUBDIVISION PLANNING PERMITS BUILDING PERMITS PROCEDURAL ASPECTS OF
SECURING PLANNING AND BUILDING PERMITS OCCUPANCY PERMITS 184 186 186 187
188 188 189 190 191 192 194 196 197 CHAPTER 7 CONTRACTS AND TORTS 199
7.1. CONTRACT 7.1.1. 7.1.2. 7.1.3. 7.1.4. 7.1.5. 7.1.6. 7.1.7. 7.1.8.
7.1.9. 7.1.10. 7.1.11. LAW INTRODUCTION BASIC CATEGORISATION OF
CONTRACTS CAPACITY TO ENTER INTO A CONTRACT AGENCY CONCLUSION OF A
CONTRACT PRELIMINARY CONTRACTS LETTERS OF INTENT THE CONTENTS AND FORM
OF A CONTRACT PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS EXPIRY OF CONTRACTS
PROTECTION OF A CREDITOR IN THE EVENT OF THE DEBTOR'S INSOLVENCY 199 199
200 202 205 207 208 209 210 216 221 225 TABLE OF CONTENTS 7.2. TORTS 226
7.2.1. INTRODUCTION 226 7.2.2. PREREQUISITES OF TORTIOUS LIABILITY 227
7.2.3. PRINCIPLES OF LIABILITY 229 7.2.4. LIABILITY FOR ACTS AND
OMISSIONS 231 7.2.5. LIABILITY OF THE STATE TREASURY, STATE LEGAI
ENTITIES AND 232 MUNICIPIALITIES 7.2.6. LIABILITY FOR HARM CAUSED BY
THIRD PARTIES 235 7.2.7. LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES CAUSED BY ANIMALS OR
OTHER 237 PROPERTY 7.2.8. LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES CAUSED BY NATURAI
DISASTERS AND THE 239 USE OF NATURAI FORCES 7.2.9. AVOIDANCE OF IMMITENT
DAMAGE 240 7.2.10. OTHER MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES OF LIABILITY 240 7.2.11.
DEFENCES TO TORTUOUS LIABILITY 241 7.2.12. THE EXTEND OF THE
TORTFEASOR'S OBLIGATION TO REDRESS 241 TORTIOUS HARM 7.2.13. LIMITATIONS
ON THE DUTY TO REDRESS TORTIOUS HARM 243 7.2.14. COINCIDENCE OF TORTIOUS
AND CONTRACTED LIABILITY 244 7.2.15. LIMITATION OF ACTIONS 245 CHAPTER 8
BANKING LAW 8.1. INTRODUCTION 8.2. THE BANKING SECTOR 8.2.1.
ESTABLISHING A BANK 8.2.2. ESTABLISHING A BRANCH 8.2.3. E-BANKING 8.2.4.
SPECIALISED BANKS 8.3. MERGER REGULATIONS, LIQUIDATION AND BANKRUPTCY
8.3.1. MERGERS 8.3.2. LIQUIDATION 8.3.3. BANKRUPTCY 8.4. BANKING
SUPERVISION 8.4.1. ORGANISATION OF BANKING SUPERVISION 8.4.2. SCOPE OF
BANKING SUPERVISION 8.4.3. FORMS AND MEANS OF BANKING SUPERVISION 8.5.
THE POLISH CENTRAL BANK (NBP) 8.5.1. GENERAL REMARKS 8.5.2. MONETARY
POLICY 8.5.3. FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTRAI 8.6. BANKING SERVICES 8.6.1.
GENERAL REMARKS 247 247 250 250 251 252 253 256 256 256 258 258 258 260
261 264 264 265 267 268 268 TABLE OF CONTENTS 8.6.2. LOANS 269 8.6.3.
BANK ACCOUNTS 273 8.6.4. BANK GUARANTEES 276 8.7. SPECIAL ENFORCEMENT
RIGHTS 277 CHAPTER 9 INSURANCE 279 9.1. INTRODUCTION 279 9.2. INSURANCE
COMPANIES: FORMS AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION 279 9.2.1. GENERAL
279 9.2.2. JOINT STOCK INSURANCE COMPANIES 280 9.2.3. MUTUAL INSURANCE
COMPANIES 280 9.2.4. MAIN BRANCH OF A FOREIGN INSURANCE COMPANY 281 9.3.
ACCESS TO INSURANCE BUSINESS (REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES) 281 9.3.1.
GENERAL 281 9.3.2. JOINT STOCK COMPANIES 282 9.3.3. MUTUAL INSURANCE
COMPANIES 282 9.3.4. MAIN BRANCHES OF FOREIGN INSURANCE COMPANIES 283
9.4. FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF CONDUCTING INSURANCE ACTIVITY 284 9.4.1.
CAPITALS AND ASSETS OF INSURANCE COMPANIES 284 9.4.2. TECHNICAL
UNDERWRITING RESERVES 285 9.4.3. INVESTMENT POLICY OF INSURANCE COMPANY
ASSETS 285 9.4.4. ACCOUNTANCY AND INSURANCE COMPANIES 286 9.4.5.
TAXATION OF INSURANCE COMPANIES 286 9.5. CONSOLIDATION OF INSURANCE
INDUSTRY 287 9.5.1. MERGER OF INSURANCE COMPANIES 287 9.5.2. TRANSFER OF
INSURANCE PORTFOLIOS 287 9.6. REDRESSING PROCEDURES, LIQUIDATION AND
BANKRUPTCY OF INSURANCE 288 COMPANIES 9.6.1. REDRESSING PROCEDURES 288
9.6.2. LIQUIDATION OF INSURANCE COMPANIES 289 9.6.3. BANKRUPTCY 289 9.7.
SUPERVISION OF INSURANCE COMPANIES 290 9.7.1. ORGANISATION OF INSURANCE
SUPERVISION 290 9.7.2. SCOPE OF INSURANCE SUPERVISION 290 9.7.3. FORMS
AND LEGAI MEANS OF INSURANCE SUPERVISION 291 9.8. INSURANCE
INTERMEDIARIES (AGENTS AND BROKERS) 292 9.8.1. GENERAL 292 9.8.2.
INSURANCE AGENTS 292 9.8.3. INSURANCE BROKERS 293 9.9. INSURANCE
CONTRACTS 294 9.9.1. GENERAL REMARKS 294 9.9.2. INSURABLE RISKS AND
INTERESTS 295 TABLE OF CONTENTS 9.9.3. EXECUTING INSURANCE CONTRACTS 297
9.9.4. INDEMNITY VALUE AND THE INSURED SUM 299 9.9.5. OBLIGATIONS OF THE
INSURED 300 9.9.6. OBLIGATIONS OF THE INSURER 302 9.9.7. SUBROGATION 304
9.9.8. THIRD-PARTY INSURANCE 304 9.9.9. TERMINATION OF INSURANCE
CONTRACTS AND LIMITATION OF 305 ACTIONS 9.9.10. LIMITATION PERIODS 306
9.9.11. REINSURANCE CONTRACTS 306 9.10. DIRTERENT TYPES OF INSURANCE 307
9.10.1. NON-LIFE INSURANCE 308 9.10.2. LIFE INSURANCE 317 CHAPTER 10
PUBLIC TRADING IN SECURITIES 323 10.1. INTRODUCTION 323 10.2. PUBLIC
OFFERINGS OF SECURITIES 323 10.2.1. APPROVAI OF THE SECURITIES
COMMISSION 323 10.2.2. THE PROSPECTUS 324 10.2.3. PROSPECTUS DELIVERY
324 10.2.4. PLACEMENT OF EQUITY SECURITIES 325 10.2.5. PLACEMENT OF DEBT
SECURITIES 326 10.3. TRADING MARKETS 327 10.3.1. THE WARSAW STOCK
EXCHANGE (WSE) 327 10.3.2. ADMISSION OF SECURITIES TO TRADING 327
10.3.3. INTRODUCTION OF SECURITIES TO TRADING 328 10.3.4. EXCHANGE
TRANSACTIONS 329 10.3.5. TRADING SYSTEM 330 10.3.6. ACQUISITION OF
BLOCKS OF SHARES. PUBLIC TENDERS 331 10.3.7. THRESHOLD REPORTING 333
10.4. TRADING 334 10.4.1. REGULATION OF BROKERS 334 10.4.2. MARKET
ANIMATORS 336 10.5. SECURITIES PROCESSING 336 10.5.1. THE NATIONAL
DEPOSITORY OF SECURITIES 336 10.5.2. SETTLEMENT OF STOCK EXCHANGE
TRANSACTIONS 338 10.6. FOREIGN INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS 338 10.6.1.
RESTRICTIONS ON INVESTMENTS 338 10.6.2. METHOD OF PURCHASE 338 10.6.3.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE REGULATIONS 339 10.7. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 339
10.7.1. PERIODIC REPORTING 339 10.7.2. ONGOING DISCLOSURE 340 TABLE OF
CONTENTS CHAPTER 11 TAXLAW 343 11.1. CORPORATE PROFITS TAX 343 11.1.1.
TAX PAYERS 343 11.1.2. INCOME 345 11.1.3. TAX-DEDUCTIBLE AND NON-TAX
DEDUCTIBLE COSTS 348 11.1.4. TAX DEPRECIATION OF ASSETS 350 11.1.5. TAX
YEARS, TAX ADVANCES AND FINAL TAX COMPUTATION 352 11.1.6. PROFIT AND
LOSS 354 11.1.7. MERGERS 354 11.1.8. INCOME FROM DIVIDENDS PAID BY
POLISH COMPANIES 355 11.1.9. TAXATION OF FOREIGN ENTITIES 355 11.2.
PERSONAL INCOME TAX 359 11.2.1. TAX PAYERS 359 11.2.2. CALCULATION OF
PERSONAL INCOME TAX 359 11.2.3. THE VARIOUS SOURCES OF AN INDIVIDUALI
INCOME 361 11.3. VALUE ADDED TAX 365 11.3.1. GENERAL INFORMATION 365
11.3.2. TAX PAYERS 367 11.3.3. VAT EXEMPTIONS 369 11.3.4. TAXPOINT 370
11.3.5. BASIS OF TAXATION 370 11.3.6. VAT RATES 371 11.3.7. INPUT VAT -
TAXPAYER'S RIGHT OF RECOVERY 371 11.3.8. VAT-PAYER OBLIGATIONS 373 11.4.
EXCISE TAX 374 CHAPTER 12 INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND SHIPPING 375 12.1.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE 375 12.1.1. PREFERENCIAL TRADE RELATIONS 375 12.1.2.
POLISH CUSTOMS LAW 379 12.2. REGISTRATION OF SHIPS 389 12.2.1.
INTRODUCTION 389 12.2.2. SHIP'S NATIONALITY 392 12.2.3. OBLIGATIONS OF
VESSELS WITH POLISH NATIONALITY 394 12.2.4. BAREBOAT-OUT 394 12.2.5.
POLISH REGISTER OF SHIPS 395 12.2.6. MORTGAGES 398 12.2.7. MEASUREMENT
OF VESSELS 399 12.2.8. SHIP'S DOCUMENTS 400 12.2.9. SAFETY STANDARDS 400
12.2.10. CLASSIFICATION SOCIETIES 401 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 13
BANKRUPTCY LAW 403 13.1. INTRODUCTION 403 13.2. SCOPE OF THE LAW 404
13.2.1. BANKRUPTCY IN AN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT 404 13.3. BANKRUPTCY
PETITION 405 13.3.1. CAPACITY IN BANKRUPTCY 405 13.3.2. CAPACITY TO BE
BANKRUPT 406 13.3.3. CAPACITY TO BEGIN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS 407
13.3.4. FILING BANKRUPTCY PETITION 409 13.3.5. ADJUDICATION OF
BANKRUPTCY PETITIONS 410 13.4. THE EFFECTS OF COMMENCING BANKRUPTCY
PROCEEDINGS 413 13.4.1. EFFECTS FOR THE BANKRUPT 413 13.4.2. EFFECTS FOR
THE BANKRUPT'S ESTATE 414 13.4.3. THE FATE OF A BANKRUPT'S OBLIGATIONS
415 13.5. INEFFECTIVE OR VOIDABLE ACTS OF A BANKRUPT 416 13.5.1.
INEFFECTIVE DISPOSITIONS BY OPERATION OF LAW 416 13.5.2. DIFFERENT TYPES
OF INEFFECTIVE DISPOSITIONS 417 13.5.3. MUTUAL CONTRACTS 418 13.6.
BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS 419 13.6.1. THE BANKRUPTCY COURT AND SUPERVISING
JUDGE 420 13.6.2. POWERS OF THE OFFICIAI RECEIVER 422 13.6.3.
PARTICIPANTS OF BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS 423 13.6.4. ARRANGEMENT
PROCEEDINGS 430 13.6.5. CURRENT DEFICIENCIES IN POLISH BANKRUPTCY LAWS
431 PART THREE: PROTECTIVE POLICY 437 CHAPTER 14 PROTECTION OF
COMPETITION AND 439 CONSUMERS 14.1. INTRODUCTION 439 14.2. POLISH
COMPETITION LAW 439 14.3. ANTI-COMPETITIVE AGREEMENTS 441 14.3.1.
COMMERCIAI AGREEMENTS 441 14.3.2. DEFINITION OF AN AGREEMENT 442 14.3.3.
RESTRICTION OF COMPETITION 443 14.3.4. AGREEMENTS OF MINOR IMPORTANCE
443 14.3.5. BLOCK EXEMPTIONS 444 14.3.6. INDIVIDUAI EXEMPTIONS 445
14.3.7. ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT 445 14.3.8. INVALIDITY 446 14.3.9. FINES
447 XIV TABLE OF CONTENTS 14.4. ABUSE OF A DOMINANT POSITION 447 14.4.1.
DOMINANT POSITION 447 14.4.2. ABUSE OF A DOMINANT POSITION 448 14.4.3.
INVALIDITY AND FINES 449 14.5. LEGAI REMEDIES 449 14.5.1. ANTIMONOPOLY
PROCEEDINGS 449 14.5.2. CLAIMS FOR DAMAGES 450 14.5.3. INDIVIDUAI
CONSUMER ACTION 450 14.6. CONTROL OF CONCENTRATIONS 450 14.6.1.
NOTIFIABLE CONCENTRATIONS 450 14.6.2. DEADLINE FOR NOTIFICATION 451
14.6.3. SUSPENSION BEFORE CLEARANCE 451 14.6.4. DECISIONS 451 14.6.5.
EXEMPTIONS 452 14.6.6. CONSEQUENCES OF BREACH 453 14.7. ANTIMONOPOLY
AUTHORITIES 453 14.7.1. PRESIDENT OF THE OFFICE FOR THE PROTECTION OF
COMPETITION 454 AND CONSUMERS 14.7.2. ANTIMONOPOLY COURT 455 14.8.
UNFAIR COMPETITION 455 14.8.1. GENERAL DEFINITION 456 14.8.2. ACTS
CONSTITUTING UNFAIR COMPETITION 456 14.8.3. ADVERTISING 459 14.8.4.
BRIBERY OF A PUBLIC OFFICER 460 14.8.5. ENFORCEMENT 460 14.9. CRIMINAL
LIABILITY 462 14.10. STATE AID 462 14.10.1. DEFINITION AND FORMS OF
STATE AID 462 14.10.2. ADMISSIBILITY 463 14.10.3. MONITORING 463
14.10.4. DUTIES OF ENTREPRENEURS 464 14.10.5. SPECIAL ECONOMIE ZONES 464
14.11. CONSUMER PROTECTION 465 14.11.1. THE DEFINITION OF A CONSUMER 465
14.11.2. CONSUMER CONTRACTS 465 14.11.3. PRODUCT LIABILITY 475 14.11.4.
RIGHT TO INFORMATION 479 14.11.5. ENFORCEMENT OF CONSUMER RIGHTS 480
CHAPTER 15 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW 485 15.1. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
RIGHTS UNDER POLISH LAW - GENERAL REMARKS 485 15.2. AUTHORITY FOR
INDUSTRIAI PROPERTY RIGHTS 487 XV TABLE OF CONTENTS 15.3. PATENTS 488
15.3.1. APPLYING FOR AND GRANTING PROTECTION 489 15.3.2. TRANSFER AND
LICENSING 490 15.3.3. PATENTS AND EMPLOYEES 490 15.3.4. PATENTS IN
PHARMACEUTICAL BUSINESS 490 15.4. UTILITY MODELS 492 15.5. INDUSTRIAI
DESIGNS 492 15.6. TRADE MARKS 493 15.6.1. APPLICATION AND GRANTING OF
TRADEMARKS 494 15.6.2. TRANSFER AND LICENSING 495 15.6.3. INDICATIONS OF
ORIGIN 495 15.6.4. APPLICATION AND GRANTING OF INDICATIONS OF ORIGIN 496
15.6.5. TRANSFER AND LICENSING 497 15.7. COPYRIGHT AND NEIGHBOURING
RIGHTS 497 15.7.1. GENERAL 497 15.7.2. TRANSFER AND LICENSING 498
15.7.3. NEIGHBOURING RIGHTS 499 15.7.4. DERIVATIVE RIGHTS 499 15.7.5.
DRAFT LAW ON AMENDMENTS TO THE ACT 500 15.8. TOPOGRAPHY OF
SEMI-CONDUCTOR PRODUCTS 500 15.9. DISPUTES IN RELATION TO INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS 501 15.9.1. CLAIMS UNDER ACT 501 15.9.2. DISPUTES IN
RELATION TO COPYRIGHT 502 15.10. CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY INFRINGEMENTS 503 15.10.1. PENAI LIABILITY UNDER THE ACT 503
15.10.2. PENAI LIABILITY UNDER THE ACT 505 CHAPTER 16 LABOUR LAW AND
SOCIAL INSURANCE 507 16.1. LABOUR LAW 507 507 508 514 516 518 519 521
522 524 528 528 16.2. SOCIAL INSURANCE 529 16.2.1. INTRODUCTION 529
LABOUR 16.1.1. 16.1.2. 16.1.3. 16.1.4. 16.1.5. 16.16. 16.1.7. 16.1.8.
16.1.9. 16.1.10. 16.1.11. LAW INTRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS
EMPLOYER'S DUTIES EMPLOYEE'S DUTIES WORKPLACE AND RENUMERATION BY-LAWS
WORKING CONDITIONS EQUAL STATUS OF MEN AND WOMEN AT WORK SPECIAL
PROTECTION FOR WOMEN COLLECTIVE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS WORK PERMITS
TOWARDS THE EUROPEAN UNION 16.2.2. 16.2.3. 16.2.4. 16.2.5. 16.2.6.
16.2.7. SOCIAL INSURANCE CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL
INSURANCE BENEFITS SICKNESS INSURANCE ACCIDENT AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
INSURANCE HEALTH INSURANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS 529 531 532 535 538 540
CHAPTER 17 PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 543 17.1. INTRODUCTION 543
17.2. POLICIES AND PROGRAMS CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
544 17.3. PERMIT REQUIREMENTS 545 17.4. ENFORCEMENT OF POLISH
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION 545 17.5. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE POLISH
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 546 17.6. ACCESS TO ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION 546
17.7. PARTICIPATION BY THE PUBLIC IN ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS RELATED
TO 548 THE ENVIRONMENT 17.8. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 549 17.8.1.
GENERAL REMARKS 549 17.8.2. PIAN AND PROGRAMMES 550 17.8.3. IN
TRANSBOUNDARY CONTEXT 551 17.9. PERMIT REQUIREMENTS FOR BUSINESSES 552
17.9.1. GENERAL RULES 552 17.9.2. IPPC - RELATED INSTALLATIONS 554
17.9.3. NON-IPPC RELATED INSTALLATIONS 555 17.9.4. PREVENTION OF
ACCIDENTS 556 17.9.5. TRANSBOUNDARY MOVEMENT OF WASTE 557 17.10.
PARTICULAR APPROACHES TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 560 17.10.1.
SUBSTANCES 560 17.10.2. PRODUCTS 562 17.11. LANDFILL PROJECTS 563
17.11.1. ESTABLISHMENT 563 17.11.2. OPERATION 563 17.11.3. POST CLOSURE
OBLIGATIONS 565 17.12. CONTAMINATED LAND 565 17.12.1. DEFINITION OF THE
CONTAMINATED LAND 565 17.12.2. SCOPE OF OBLIGED PERSONS 565 17.12.3.
SCOPE OF THE CLEAN-UP OBLIGATION 566 17.12.4. EXCLUSIONS 566 17.12.5.
THE REGISTER OF CONTAMINATED LAND 567 17.13. TRANSITIONAL PROGRAMMES FOR
NON-COMPLYING COMPANIES 567 17.13.1. SCOPE OF ELIGIBLE BUSINESSES 567
XVII TABLE OF CONTENTS 17.13.2. CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS 568 17.13.3.
PROCEDURE 568 17.14. FINANCIAL AND LEGAI INSTRUMENTS 569 17.14.1.
GENERAL RULES 569 17.14.2. FEES FOR THE USE OF THE ENVIRONMENT 570
17.14.3. INCREASED FEES 571 17.14.4. ADMINISTRATIVE FINES 571 17.14.5.
DEFERMENT, REDUCTION AND REMISSION OF INCREASED FEES FOR 572 THE USE OF
THE ENVIRONMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE FINES 17.14.6. PRODUCT AND DEPOSIT
CHARGES 573 17.15. LIABILITY 573 17.15.1. ADMINISTRATIVE LIABILITY 573
17.15.2. CIVIL LIABILITY 574 17.15.3. PENAI LIABILITY 576 17.16. FUNDS
FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND WATER MANAGEMENT 576 SELECTED
BIBLIOGRAPHY 579 INDEX 587 XVIN |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:36:23Z |
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| title_short | Polish business law |
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