Austrian legal system & laws:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Cavendish
2003
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXVIII, 232 S. |
| ISBN: | 1859417574 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Austrian legal system & laws |c Nigel Foster |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London [u.a.] |b Cavendish |c 2003 | |
| 300 | |a XXVIII, 232 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014675304 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135177389080576 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE VII
INTRODUCTION XIX
ABBREVIATIONS XXIII
TIMELINE: DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUSTRIAN STATE XXVII
PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUSTRIAN LEGAL SYSTEM
1 POLITICAL AND LEGAL HISTORY 3
1.1 INTRODUCTION 3
1.2 DEVELOPMENTS TO C 1000 AD 4
1.2.1 POLITICAL AND GEOGRAPHIC 4
1.2.2 LEGAL 4
1.3 THE HIGH TO LATE MIDDLE AGES 6
1.3.1 POLITICAL AND GEOGRAPHIC 6
1.3.2 LEGAL 8
1.4 EARLY MODERN PERIOD 9
1.4.1 POLITICAL AND GEOGRAPHIC 9
1.4.2 THE RECEPTION OF ROMAN LAW 10
1.5 MIDDLE MODERN PERIOD 11
1.5.1 POLITICAL AND GEOGRAPHIC 11
1.5.2 LEGAL 13
1.6 LATE MODEM PERIOD 14
1.6.1 POLITICAL AND GEOGRAPHIC 14
1.6.2 LEGAL 17
2 INSTITUTIONS OF THE POLITICAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS 19
2.1 INTRODUCTION 19
2.2 THE FRAMEWORK OF STATE 19
2.3 THE CONSTITUTIONAL ORGANS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT 20
2.3.1 THE FEDERAL PRESIDENT (BUNDESPRDSIDENT) 20
2.3.2 THE FEDERAL ASSEMBLY (BUNDESVERSAMMLUNG) 22
2.3.3 THE NATIONAL COUNCIL (NATIONALRAT) 22
2.3.4 THE FEDERAL COUNCIL (BUNDESRAT) 26
2.3.5 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT (BUNDESREGIERUNG) 27
AUSTRIAN LEGAL SYSTEM & LAWS
2.3.6 FEDERAL CHANCELLOR (BUNDESKANZLER) 28
2.3.7 THE LANDER (BUNDESLANDER) 29
2.3.8 PROVINCIAL PARLIAMENTS (LANDTAGE) 29
2.3.9 PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS (LANDESREGIERUNGEN) 30
2.3.10 THE LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES (GEMEINDEN) 30
2.3.11 THE OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN (VOLKSANWALTSCHAFT) 31
2.4 POLITICAL PARTIES 31
2.5 THE SOCIAL PARTNERS 34
2.6 THE STRUCTURE OF COURTS 34
2.6.1 COURTS OF ORDINARY JURISDICTION (DIE ORDENTLICHEN GERICHTE) 34
2.6.2 COURTS OF PUBLIC LAW JURISDICTION 38
2.6.3 COURTS OF EXTRAORDINARY JURISDICTION 42
SOURCES OF LAW 45
3.1 INTRODUCTION 45
3.2 THE HIERARCHY OF LAWS (STUFENBAU DER RECHTSORDNUNG) 45
3.2.1 CONSTITUTIONAL LAWS 46
3.2.2 ORDINARY STATUTES {GESETZE) 46
3.2.3 LEGISLATIVE COMPETENCE 47
3.2.4 THE FEDERAL LEGISLATIVE PROCESS (WEGDER
BUNDESGESETZGEBUNG) 48
3.2.5 SECONDARY AND DELEGATED LEGISLATION 52
3.2.6 BUNDESLANDER LAW-MAKING WITHIN THE BUNDESRAT 53
3.2.7 INDIVIDUAL BUNDESLANDER LAW-MAKING 53
3.3 CUSTOMARY LAW (GEWOHNHEITSRECHT) 53
3.4 JUDICIAL LAW MAKING (RICHTERRECHT) AND CASE LAW 54
3.4.1 THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT AS A LAW-MAKER 55
3.4.2 INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF LAW
(RECHTSANWENDUNG) 55
3.5 LEGAL WRITING (RECHTSLEHRE/WISSENSCHAFT) 56
3.6 EUROPEAN LAW 57
3.6.1 THE ACCESSION TREATY OF AUSTRIA 57
3.6.2 THE STATUS OF COMMUNITY LAW IN AUSTRIA 58
3.7 THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS (ECHR) 58
CONTENTS XI
3.8 INTERNATIONAL LAW 59
3.8.1 INTERNATIONAL TREATIES (STAATSVERTRIIGE) 59
3.8.2 INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMARY LAW (VOLKERRECHTLICHES
GEWOHNHEITSRECHT) 59
3.8.3 TRANSFER OF NATIONAL COMPETENCE 60
LEGAL EDUCATION AND THE LEGAL PROFESSIONS 61
4.1 INTRODUCTION 61
4.2 UNIVERSITY STUDY 61
4.2.1 LEGAL EDUCATION 61
4.2.2 PRACTICAL TRAINING 64
4.3 THE LEGAL PROFESSIONS 65
4.3.1 JUDICIAL TRAINING 65
4.3.2 JUDICIAL APPOINTMENT 66
4.3.3 THE JUDGES OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 67
4.3.4 THE JUDGES OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE SUPREME COURT 67
4.3.5 PUBLIC PROSECUTORS (STAATSANWALTE) 67
4.3.6 THE OFFICE OF THE STATE ATTORNEY 68
4.3.7 ATTORNEYS {RECHTSANWALTE) 68
4.3.8 THE NOTARY (NOTAR) 70
4.3.9 CRIMINAL LAW DEFENCE (VERTEIDIGUNG IN STRAFOACHEN) 72
4.3.10 ALTERNATIVE LEGAL PROFESSIONS 72
4.3.11 RIGHTS ALLOWED TO NON-AUSTRIAN ATTORNEYS 74
4.4 LAY PARTICIPATION IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM 75
4.4.1 SELECTION PROCESS 76
4.4.2 RIGHTS AND DUTIES 77
THE OPERATION OF JUSTICE 79
5.1 INTRODUCTION 79
5.2 LEGAL REPRESENTATION 79
5.2.1 COURTS OF ORDINARY JURISDICTION 79
5.3 LITIGATION COSTS 80
5.3.1 COURT COSTS 81
5.3.2 FEES FOR LEGAL REPRESENTATION 81
5.4 LEGAL ADVICE AND LEGAL AID 82
AUSTRIAN LEGAL SYSTEM & LAWS
5.5 LEGAL PUBLICATIONS
5.5.1
5.5.2
5.5.3
5.5.4
5.5.5
5.5.6
5.5.7
5.5.8
5.5.9
5.5.10
OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS OF LEGISLATION PUBLISHED IN
LAW GAZETTES
PRIVATE LEGISLATION COLLECTIONS
COMMENTARIES
CITATION OF STATUTES
OFFICIAL CASE REPORTING
PRIVATE CASE REPORTING
TEXTBOOKS AND CASEBOOKS
LEGAL PERIODICALS
ELECTRONIC MATERIAL
ACADEMIC LEGAL OPINION
5.6 ASPECTS OF CIVIL PROCEDURE
5.6.1
5.6.2
5.6.3
5.6.4
5.6.5
5.6.6
5.6.7
5.6.8
5.6.9
5.6.10
5.6.11
5.6.12
5.6.13
5.7 ASOECT
THE PRINCIPLES OF ORAL AND WRITTEN PROCESS (MUNDLICHKEIT
AND AKTENPROZEFI)
THE PRINCIPLE OF PUBLICITY (OFFENTLICHKEIT)
THE PRINCIPLE OF DIRECTNESS (UNMITTELBARKEITGRUNDSATZ)
THE PRINCIPLE OF PARTY CONTROL (PARTEIDISPOSITION/
DISPOSITIONSGRUNDSATZ)
THE PRINCIPLE OF CO-OPERATION (KOOPERATIONSGRUNDSATZ)
THE CONCENTRATION OF THE PROCEEDINGS
(VERFAHRENSKOZENTRATION)
THE RIGHT FOR BOTH SIDES TO BE HEARD (DAS BEIDERSEITIGE
RECHTLICHE GEHOR)
BASIC CIVIL LAW PROCEDURE
COURT JURISDICTION (ZUSTIINDIGKEIT)
BASIC PROCEDURE BEFORE THE BEZIRKSGERICHT
BASIC PROCEDURE BEFORE THE GERICHTSHQFERSTER INSTANZ
APPEALS
ENFORCEMENT (ZWANGSVOLLSTRECKUNG/ VOLLSTRECKBARKEIT)
S OF CRIMINAL LAW? NRRVPHNRN
83
83
83
84
84
84
85
85
86
86
86
87
87
87
87
88
88
88
88
89
89
89
90
92
92
92
5.7.1 FORMAL CHARGE (ANKLAGEPROZEFL/
ANKLAGEGRUNDSATZ) 93
5.7.2 RIGHT OF THE STATE TO BRING CHARGES
(STAATSANKLAGE/OFFIZIALVERFOLGUNG/OFFIZIALGRUNDSATZ) 93
5.7.3 THE PRINCIPLE OF OFFICIAL DUTY (OFFIZIALMAXIMEL/
OFFIZIALGRUNDSATZ) 93
CONTENTS
5.7.4
5.7.5
5.7.6
5.7.7
5.7.8
5.7.9
5.7.10
5.7.11
5.7.12
5.7.13
5.7.14
THE PRINCIPLE OF PUBLICITY (GRUNDSATZ DER OFFENTLICHKEIT)
THE PRINCIPLE OF ORAL PROCEEDINGS (MIINDLICHKEITSGRUNDSATZ)
THE PRINCIPLE OF IMMEDIACY (UNMITTELBARKEITSGRUNDSATZ)
LAY PARTICIPATION (LAIENBETEILIGUNG)
THE RIGHT OF THE JUDGE TO ASSESS THE EVIDENCE
(DIEFREIE BEWEISVRIIRDIGUNG DES RICHTERS)
THE RIGHT TO A LAWFUL JUDGE (RECHT AUFDEN GESETZLICHEN
RICHTER)
JURISDICTION (ZUSTDNDIGKEIT)
DEFENCE
PROCEDURE
APPEALS (RECHTSMITTEL)
EXECUTION
PART 2: SUBSTANTIVE LAW
6 PUBLIC LAW: CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT
6.2.1
6.2.2
1867 AND ITS LEGACY
POST-FIRST WORLD WAR
6.3 SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
6.3.5
6.3.6
THE CONSTITUTION AS AMENDED
PRE-1920 ELEMENTS
CONSTITUTIONAL STATUTES (BUNDESVERFASSUNGSGESETZE (BVG))
CONSTITUTIONAL DECISIONS (BUNDES VETFASSUNGSBESTIMMUNGEN)
INTERNATIONAL LAW
THE RANKING OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAWS
6.4 THE FORM OF STATE AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STATE
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.4.3
THE DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLICAN PRINCIPLE (DEMOKRATISCH-
REPUBLIKANISCHES PRINZIP)
THE FEDERAL STATE PRINCIPLE {BUNDESSTAATLICHES PRINZIP)
RECHTSSTAATVRINZIV
93
94
94
94
94
94
94
95
96
98
98
103
103
103
105
105
107
107
107
107
107
108
108
108
109
109
110
6.4.4 THE SEPARATION OF POWERS (GEWALTENTEILUNG/
GEWALTENTRENNUNG) 111
6.4.5 THE SOCIAL STATE AND LIBERAL PRINCIPLES (SOZIALSTMTSPRINZIP
UND LIBERALES PRINZIP) 111
AUSTRIAN LEGAL SYSTEM & LAWS
6.5 CONSTITUTIONALLY PROTECTED FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 111
6.5.1 THE TYPES OF RIGHTS AND RIGHTS RECIPIENTS 112
6.5.2 LIMITATIONS/CONDITIONS (GRUNDRECHTSSCHRANKEN) 113
6.5.3 THE THIRD EFFECT (DRITTWIRKUNG DER GRUNDRECHTE) 113
6.5.4 THE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS 114
6.5.5 PROCEDURAL RIGHTS H
7
6.5.6 JUDICIAL PROTECTION OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS (SCHUTZ DER
GRUNDRECHTE) US
6.6 CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW (NORMENKONTROLLE/GESETZPRUFUNG) 118
6.6.1 THE REVIEW ROLE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 118
6.6.2 PROCEDURE
12
6.6.3 EFFECT OF JUDGMENT 121
6.7 ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW (VERWALTUNGSGERICHTSBARKEIT) 121
6.7.1 APPEALS BY PRIVATE PARTIES (PARTEIBESCHWERDE) 121
6.8 ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT 122
6.8.1 THE DIVISION OF STATE FROM SOCIETY (TRENNUNG VON STOAT UND
GESELLSCHAFT)
123
6.8.2 GUARANTEED RIGHTS
I23
6.83 METHODS OF REGULATION I
23
6.9 THE SOCIAL PARTNERSHIP (SOZIALPARTNERSCHAFT) I
24
6.9.1 ORIGINS *
24
6.9.2 THE CHAMBERS I
25
6.9.3 FUNCTIONS OF THE CHAMBERS L
2
^
6.9.4 THE SOCIAL PARTNERSHIP IN ACTION L
2
^
6.9.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE 1
2
8
AUSTRIA IN EUROPE 133
7.1 INTRODUCTION 133
7.2 AUSTRIAN MOVES TOWARDS EUROPEAN INTEGRATION 133
7.2.1 EEA AND EC MEMBERSHIP 135
7.3 THE POLITICAL, CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF COMMUNITY
MEMBERSHIP 136
7.3.1 THE QUESTION OF NEUTRALITY 136
7.3.2 THE ACCESSION PROCEDURE 137
7.3.3 IMPACT ON THE CONSTITUTION 139
7.3.4 PRINCIPAL CHANGES TO THE CONSTITUTION 141
CONTENTS XV
7.3.5 WAS ACCESSION CONSTITUTIONALLY CORRECT? 142
7.3.6 LEGAL ASPECTS 143
7.4 THE RECEPTION OF COMMUNITY LAW IN THE COURTS 145
7.5 SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENTS 146
CIVIL LAW (PMVATRECHTIZLVLLRECHT) 149
8.1 INTRODUCTION 149
8.2 SOURCES OF CIVIL LAW 149
8.2.1 THE STRUCTURE AND DIVISION OF CIVIL LAW 149
8.2.2 UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES 150
8.3 LEGAL SUBJECTS AND LEGAL CAPACITY (RECHTSSUBJEKTE UND
RECHTSFAHIGKEIT) 151
8.3.1 NATURAL PERSON (NATURLICHE PERSON) 151
8.3.2 LEGAL PERSONS (JURISTISCHE PERSON) 153
8.4 THE LAW OF OBLIGATIONS (SCHULDRECHT) 154
8.5 THE LEGAL TRANSACTION (DAS RECHTSGESCHAFT) 154
8.5.1 DECLARATIONS OF INTENT (WILLENSERKLARUNGEN) AND FORMATION
OF CONTRACT (ZUSTANDEKOMMEN / VERTRAGSABSCHLUFL) 154
8.5.2 INTERPRETATION (AUSLEGUNG) 156
8.5.3 CONCLUSION OF INTERNET AND OTHER ELECTRONIC CONTRACTS 157
8.6 GENERAL BUSINESS CONDITIONS (ALLGEMEINE GESCHAFTSBEDINGUNGEN
(AGB)) 157
8.6.1 GENERAL CONTROL OVER STANDARD CONDITIONS
(GELTUNGSKONTROLLE) 158
8.6.2 CONTROL OVER CONTENT (INHALTSKONTROLLE) 158
8.7 CONTRACTUAL DEFECTS (GESCMFTSMANGEL) 159
8.7.1 THE PRE-CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIP (DAS VORVERTRAGLICHE
SCHULDVERHALTNIS) 159
8.7.2 CONTRACTUAL PROBLEMS: FORMATION (FEHLER DES
VERTRAGSABSCHLUSSES/URSPRUNGLICHE/WURZELMANGEL) 159
8.7.3 RECISSION {ANFECHTUNG) 162
8.7.4 ILLEGAL OR IMMORAL CONTRACTS (GESETZ/VERBOTS- ODER
SITTENWIDRIGKEIT) 162
8.7.5 COLLAPSE OF THE FOUNDATION OF THE CONTRACT (WEGFALL/MANGEL
DER GESCHIIFTSGRUNDLAGE) 163
8.7.6 INITIAL IMPOSSIBILITY (URSPRIIGLICHE UNMOGLICHKEIT) 163
AUSTRIAN LEGAL SYSTEM & LAWS
8.8 CONTRACTUAL PROBLEMS IN: PERFORMANCE (LEISTUNGSSTORUNGEN/MANGEL
DER VERTRAGSERFIILLUNG) 164
8.8.1 SUBSEQUENT IMPOSSIBILITY (NACHTRAGLICHE UNMOGLICHKEIT) 164
8.8.2 DELAY (VERZUG) 165
8.8.3 BREACH OF WARRANTY (GEWAHRLEISTUNG) 166
8.8.4 FUNDAMENTAL OR POSITIVE BREACH OF CONTRACT {POSITIVE
VERTRAGSVERLETZUNG) 167
8.9 DAMAGES (SCHADENERSATZ) 167
8.10 OBLIGATIONAL RELATIONS (VERTRAGLICHE SCHULDVERHALTNISSE) 167
8.10.1 THE DUTIES OF THE CONTRACTUAL PARTIES (PFLICHTEN DER
VERTRAGSTEILE) 168
8.11 STATUTORY RELATIONSHIPS (GESETZLICHE SCHULDVERHALTNISSE) 168
8.11.1 DELICTUAL COMPENSATION LAW (SCHADENSERSATZRECHT) 168
8.11.2 LIABILITY FOR DANGEROUS ACTIVITIES AND STRICT LIABILITY
(GEFAHRDUNGSHAFTUNG) 171
8.12 UNJUSTIFIED ENRICHMENT (UNGERECHTFERTIGE BEREICHUNG) 172
9 COMMERCIAL LAW AND THE LAW OF BUSINESS ASSOCIATION 175
9.1 INTRODUCTION 175
9.2 COMMERCIAL LAW 175
9.2.1 HISTORY 175
9.2.2 THE STRUCTURE OF THE HGB 176
9.2.3 HGB BOOK 1 176
9.2.4 COMMERCIAL REPRESENTATION 178
9.2.5 BOOK 2: PARTNERSHIPS UNDER THE COMMERCIAL CODE 181
9.2.6 BOOK 3: BUSINESS ACCOUNTS 181
9.2.7 BOOK 4: COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS 181
9.2.8 COMMERCIAL SALES (HANDELSKAUF) 183
9.2.9 COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION 183
9.3 THE LAW OF BUSINESS ASSOCIATION 183
9.3.1 PARTNERSHIPS (PERSONONENGESELLSCHAFTEN) 184
9.4 COMPANY LAW (GESELLSCHAFTSRECHT) 187
9.4.1 THE PRIVATE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY (GESELLSCHAFT MIT
BESCHRIINKTER HAFTUNG (GMBH)) 187
9.4.2 MANAGEMENT, POLICY AND SUPERVISION (GESCHAFTSFUHRUNG) 189
9.4.3 DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION (AUFLOSUNG) 190
CONTENTS
9.5 THE JOINT STOCK CORPORATION (AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT (AG)) 191
9.5.1 FORMATION 191
9.5.2 CAPITAL AND SHARES 192
9.5.3 MANAGEMENT, POLICY AND SUPERVISION (GESCHAFTSFIIHRUNG) 192
9.5.4 ACCOUNTING PROVISIONS 194
9.5.5 DISSOLUTION (AUFLOSUNG) 194
9.6 TAKEOVER, MERGERS AND TRANSFORMATIONS 194
9.6.1 TAKEOVERS (OBERNAHMEANGEBOT (UBG)) 194
9.6.2 MERGER (VERSCHMELZUNG) 195
9.6.3 TRANSFORMATION (UMWANDLUNG) 196
9.7 THE LAW OF GROUPS OF COMPANIES (KONZEMRECHT) 196
10 LABOUR LAW 199
10.1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF AUSTRIAN
LABOUR LAW 199
10.2 CATEGORIES OF LABOUR LAW 199
10.2.1 INDIVIDUAL LABOUR LAW 200
10.2.2 COLLECTIVE LABOUR LAW 200
10.2.3 PROCEDURAL LAW 200
10.3 SOURCES OF LABOUR LAW 200
10.3.1 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 200
10.3.2 STATUTE LAW AND REGULATIONS 201
10.3.3 COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS 202
10.3.4 WORKS AGREEMENTS 202
10.3.5 INDIVIDUAL CONTRACTS OF EMPLOYMENT 202
10.3.6 CASE LAW 203
10.4 INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYMENT LAW 203
10.4.1 THE EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT {ARBEITSVERTRAG) 204
10.4.2 ENDING THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP AND DISMISSAL 206
10.5 EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LAWS 209
10.6 COLLECTIVE LABOUR LAW 210
10.6.1 EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEE INSTITUTIONS 210
10.6.2 STATUTORY REPRESENTATIVE BODIES (GESETZLICHE
INTERESSENVERTRETUNGEN) 212
AUSTRIAN LEGAL SYSTEM & LAWS
10.6.3 THE ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRIAN INDUSTRIALISTS
(DIE VEREINIGUNG DER OSTERREICHISCHER INDUSTRIELLER (VOL)) 213
10.6.4 COLLECTIVE BARGAINING (KOLLECTIWERTRAGVERHANDLUNGEN) 213
10.7 INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE LAW 214
10.7.1 INDUSTRIAL ACTION (ARBEITSKAMPFRECHT) 215
10.8 WORKER PARTICIPATION (WIRTSCHAFTLICHE MITBESTIMMUNG) 216
10.8.1 WORKS COUNCILS (BETRIEBSRDTE) 216
10.8.2 WORKS COUNCIL RIGHTS OF PARTICIPATION 217
10.8.3 SUPERVISORY BOARDS (AUFSICHTSRDTE) 218
10.9 PROCEDURAL LAW 218
10.9.1 LABOUR LAW COURTS 218
10.9.2 THE FEDERAL CONCILIATION OFFICE (BUNDESEINIGUNGSAMT) 218
10.9.3 INDIVIDUAL DISPUTES 219
INDEX 221
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
PREFACE VII
INTRODUCTION XIX
ABBREVIATIONS XXIII
TIMELINE: DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUSTRIAN STATE XXVII
PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE AUSTRIAN LEGAL SYSTEM
1 POLITICAL AND LEGAL HISTORY 3
1.1 INTRODUCTION 3
1.2 DEVELOPMENTS TO C 1000 AD 4
1.2.1 POLITICAL AND GEOGRAPHIC 4
1.2.2 LEGAL 4
1.3 THE HIGH TO LATE MIDDLE AGES 6
1.3.1 POLITICAL AND GEOGRAPHIC 6
1.3.2 LEGAL 8
1.4 EARLY MODERN PERIOD 9
1.4.1 POLITICAL AND GEOGRAPHIC 9
1.4.2 THE RECEPTION OF ROMAN LAW 10
1.5 MIDDLE MODERN PERIOD 11
1.5.1 POLITICAL AND GEOGRAPHIC 11
1.5.2 LEGAL 13
1.6 LATE MODEM PERIOD 14
1.6.1 POLITICAL AND GEOGRAPHIC 14
1.6.2 LEGAL 17
2 INSTITUTIONS OF THE POLITICAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS 19
2.1 INTRODUCTION 19
2.2 THE FRAMEWORK OF STATE 19
2.3 THE CONSTITUTIONAL ORGANS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT 20
2.3.1 THE FEDERAL PRESIDENT (BUNDESPRDSIDENT) 20
2.3.2 THE FEDERAL ASSEMBLY (BUNDESVERSAMMLUNG) 22
2.3.3 THE NATIONAL COUNCIL (NATIONALRAT) 22
2.3.4 THE FEDERAL COUNCIL (BUNDESRAT) 26
2.3.5 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT (BUNDESREGIERUNG) 27
AUSTRIAN LEGAL SYSTEM & LAWS
2.3.6 FEDERAL CHANCELLOR (BUNDESKANZLER) 28
2.3.7 THE LANDER (BUNDESLANDER) 29
2.3.8 PROVINCIAL PARLIAMENTS (LANDTAGE) 29
2.3.9 PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS (LANDESREGIERUNGEN) 30
2.3.10 THE LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES (GEMEINDEN) 30
2.3.11 THE OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN (VOLKSANWALTSCHAFT) 31
2.4 POLITICAL PARTIES 31
2.5 THE SOCIAL PARTNERS 34
2.6 THE STRUCTURE OF COURTS 34
2.6.1 COURTS OF ORDINARY JURISDICTION (DIE ORDENTLICHEN GERICHTE) 34
2.6.2 COURTS OF PUBLIC LAW JURISDICTION 38
2.6.3 COURTS OF EXTRAORDINARY JURISDICTION 42
SOURCES OF LAW 45
3.1 INTRODUCTION 45
3.2 THE HIERARCHY OF LAWS (STUFENBAU DER RECHTSORDNUNG) 45
3.2.1 CONSTITUTIONAL LAWS 46
3.2.2 'ORDINARY' STATUTES {GESETZE) 46
3.2.3 LEGISLATIVE COMPETENCE 47
3.2.4 THE FEDERAL LEGISLATIVE PROCESS (WEGDER
BUNDESGESETZGEBUNG) 48
3.2.5 SECONDARY AND DELEGATED LEGISLATION 52
3.2.6 BUNDESLANDER LAW-MAKING WITHIN THE BUNDESRAT 53
3.2.7 INDIVIDUAL BUNDESLANDER LAW-MAKING 53
3.3 CUSTOMARY LAW (GEWOHNHEITSRECHT) 53
3.4 JUDICIAL LAW MAKING (RICHTERRECHT) AND CASE LAW 54
3.4.1 THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT AS A LAW-MAKER 55
3.4.2 INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF LAW
(RECHTSANWENDUNG) 55
3.5 LEGAL WRITING (RECHTSLEHRE/WISSENSCHAFT) 56
3.6 EUROPEAN LAW 57
3.6.1 THE ACCESSION TREATY OF AUSTRIA 57
3.6.2 THE STATUS OF COMMUNITY LAW IN AUSTRIA 58
3.7 THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS (ECHR) 58
CONTENTS XI
3.8 INTERNATIONAL LAW 59
3.8.1 INTERNATIONAL TREATIES (STAATSVERTRIIGE) 59
3.8.2 INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMARY LAW (VOLKERRECHTLICHES
GEWOHNHEITSRECHT) 59
3.8.3 TRANSFER OF NATIONAL COMPETENCE 60
LEGAL EDUCATION AND THE LEGAL PROFESSIONS 61
4.1 INTRODUCTION 61
4.2 UNIVERSITY STUDY 61
4.2.1 LEGAL EDUCATION 61
4.2.2 PRACTICAL TRAINING 64
4.3 THE LEGAL PROFESSIONS 65
4.3.1 JUDICIAL TRAINING 65
4.3.2 JUDICIAL APPOINTMENT 66
4.3.3 THE JUDGES OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 67
4.3.4 THE JUDGES OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE SUPREME COURT 67
4.3.5 PUBLIC PROSECUTORS (STAATSANWALTE) 67
4.3.6 THE OFFICE OF THE STATE ATTORNEY 68
4.3.7 ATTORNEYS {RECHTSANWALTE) 68
4.3.8 THE NOTARY (NOTAR) 70
4.3.9 CRIMINAL LAW DEFENCE (VERTEIDIGUNG IN STRAFOACHEN) 72
4.3.10 ALTERNATIVE LEGAL PROFESSIONS 72
4.3.11 RIGHTS ALLOWED TO NON-AUSTRIAN ATTORNEYS 74
4.4 LAY PARTICIPATION IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM 75
4.4.1 SELECTION PROCESS 76
4.4.2 RIGHTS AND DUTIES 77
THE OPERATION OF JUSTICE 79
5.1 INTRODUCTION 79
5.2 LEGAL REPRESENTATION 79
5.2.1 COURTS OF ORDINARY JURISDICTION 79
5.3 LITIGATION COSTS 80
5.3.1 COURT COSTS 81
5.3.2 FEES FOR LEGAL REPRESENTATION 81
5.4 LEGAL ADVICE AND LEGAL AID 82
AUSTRIAN LEGAL SYSTEM & LAWS
5.5 LEGAL PUBLICATIONS
5.5.1
5.5.2
5.5.3
5.5.4
5.5.5
5.5.6
5.5.7
5.5.8
5.5.9
5.5.10
OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS OF LEGISLATION PUBLISHED IN
LAW GAZETTES
PRIVATE LEGISLATION COLLECTIONS
COMMENTARIES
CITATION OF STATUTES
OFFICIAL CASE REPORTING
PRIVATE CASE REPORTING
TEXTBOOKS AND CASEBOOKS
LEGAL PERIODICALS
ELECTRONIC MATERIAL
ACADEMIC LEGAL OPINION
5.6 ASPECTS OF CIVIL PROCEDURE
5.6.1
5.6.2
5.6.3
5.6.4
5.6.5
5.6.6
5.6.7
5.6.8
5.6.9
5.6.10
5.6.11
5.6.12
5.6.13
5.7 ASOECT
THE PRINCIPLES OF ORAL AND WRITTEN PROCESS (MUNDLICHKEIT
AND AKTENPROZEFI)
THE PRINCIPLE OF PUBLICITY (OFFENTLICHKEIT)
THE PRINCIPLE OF DIRECTNESS (UNMITTELBARKEITGRUNDSATZ)
THE PRINCIPLE OF PARTY CONTROL (PARTEIDISPOSITION/
DISPOSITIONSGRUNDSATZ)
THE PRINCIPLE OF CO-OPERATION (KOOPERATIONSGRUNDSATZ)
THE CONCENTRATION OF THE PROCEEDINGS
(VERFAHRENSKOZENTRATION)
THE RIGHT FOR BOTH SIDES TO BE HEARD (DAS BEIDERSEITIGE
RECHTLICHE GEHOR)
BASIC CIVIL LAW PROCEDURE
COURT JURISDICTION (ZUSTIINDIGKEIT)
BASIC PROCEDURE BEFORE THE BEZIRKSGERICHT
BASIC PROCEDURE BEFORE THE GERICHTSHQFERSTER INSTANZ
APPEALS
ENFORCEMENT (ZWANGSVOLLSTRECKUNG/ VOLLSTRECKBARKEIT)
S OF CRIMINAL LAW? NRRVPHNRN
83
83
83
84
84
84
85
85
86
86
86
87
87
87
87
88
88
88
88
89
89
89
90
92
92
92
5.7.1 FORMAL CHARGE (ANKLAGEPROZEFL/
ANKLAGEGRUNDSATZ) 93
5.7.2 RIGHT OF THE STATE TO BRING CHARGES
(STAATSANKLAGE/OFFIZIALVERFOLGUNG/OFFIZIALGRUNDSATZ) 93
5.7.3 THE PRINCIPLE OF OFFICIAL DUTY (OFFIZIALMAXIMEL/
OFFIZIALGRUNDSATZ) 93
CONTENTS
5.7.4
5.7.5
5.7.6
5.7.7
5.7.8
5.7.9
5.7.10
5.7.11
5.7.12
5.7.13
5.7.14
THE PRINCIPLE OF PUBLICITY (GRUNDSATZ DER OFFENTLICHKEIT)
THE PRINCIPLE OF ORAL PROCEEDINGS (MIINDLICHKEITSGRUNDSATZ)
THE PRINCIPLE OF IMMEDIACY (UNMITTELBARKEITSGRUNDSATZ)
LAY PARTICIPATION (LAIENBETEILIGUNG)
THE RIGHT OF THE JUDGE TO ASSESS THE EVIDENCE
(DIEFREIE BEWEISVRIIRDIGUNG DES RICHTERS)
THE RIGHT TO A LAWFUL JUDGE (RECHT AUFDEN GESETZLICHEN
RICHTER)
JURISDICTION (ZUSTDNDIGKEIT)
DEFENCE
PROCEDURE
APPEALS (RECHTSMITTEL)
EXECUTION
PART 2: SUBSTANTIVE LAW
6 PUBLIC LAW: CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT
6.2.1
6.2.2
1867 AND ITS LEGACY
POST-FIRST WORLD WAR
6.3 SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
6.3.5
6.3.6
THE CONSTITUTION AS AMENDED
PRE-1920 ELEMENTS
CONSTITUTIONAL STATUTES (BUNDESVERFASSUNGSGESETZE (BVG))
CONSTITUTIONAL DECISIONS (BUNDES VETFASSUNGSBESTIMMUNGEN)
INTERNATIONAL LAW
THE RANKING OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAWS
6.4 THE FORM OF STATE AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STATE
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.4.3
THE DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLICAN PRINCIPLE (DEMOKRATISCH-
REPUBLIKANISCHES PRINZIP)
THE FEDERAL STATE PRINCIPLE {BUNDESSTAATLICHES PRINZIP)
RECHTSSTAATVRINZIV
93
94
94
94
94
94
94
95
96
98
98
103
103
103
105
105
107
107
107
107
107
108
108
108
109
109
110
6.4.4 THE SEPARATION OF POWERS (GEWALTENTEILUNG/
GEWALTENTRENNUNG) 111
6.4.5 THE SOCIAL STATE AND LIBERAL PRINCIPLES (SOZIALSTMTSPRINZIP
UND LIBERALES PRINZIP) 111
AUSTRIAN LEGAL SYSTEM & LAWS
6.5 CONSTITUTIONALLY PROTECTED FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 111
6.5.1 THE TYPES OF RIGHTS AND RIGHTS RECIPIENTS 112
6.5.2 LIMITATIONS/CONDITIONS (GRUNDRECHTSSCHRANKEN) 113
6.5.3 THE THIRD EFFECT (DRITTWIRKUNG DER GRUNDRECHTE) 113
6.5.4 THE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS 114
6.5.5 PROCEDURAL RIGHTS H
7
6.5.6 JUDICIAL PROTECTION OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS (SCHUTZ DER
GRUNDRECHTE) US
6.6 CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW (NORMENKONTROLLE/GESETZPRUFUNG) 118
6.6.1 THE REVIEW ROLE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT 118
6.6.2 PROCEDURE
12
6.6.3 EFFECT OF JUDGMENT 121
6.7 ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW (VERWALTUNGSGERICHTSBARKEIT) 121
6.7.1 APPEALS BY PRIVATE PARTIES (PARTEIBESCHWERDE) 121
6.8 ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT 122
6.8.1 THE DIVISION OF STATE FROM SOCIETY (TRENNUNG VON STOAT UND
GESELLSCHAFT)
123
6.8.2 GUARANTEED RIGHTS
I23
6.83 METHODS OF REGULATION I
23
6.9 THE SOCIAL PARTNERSHIP (SOZIALPARTNERSCHAFT) I
24
6.9.1 ORIGINS *
24
6.9.2 THE CHAMBERS I
25
6.9.3 FUNCTIONS OF THE CHAMBERS L
2
^
6.9.4 THE SOCIAL PARTNERSHIP IN ACTION L
2
^
6.9.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE 1
2
8
AUSTRIA IN EUROPE 133
7.1 INTRODUCTION 133
7.2 AUSTRIAN MOVES TOWARDS EUROPEAN INTEGRATION 133
7.2.1 EEA AND EC MEMBERSHIP 135
7.3 THE POLITICAL, CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF COMMUNITY
MEMBERSHIP 136
7.3.1 THE QUESTION OF NEUTRALITY 136
7.3.2 THE ACCESSION PROCEDURE 137
7.3.3 IMPACT ON THE CONSTITUTION 139
7.3.4 PRINCIPAL CHANGES TO THE CONSTITUTION 141
CONTENTS XV
7.3.5 WAS ACCESSION CONSTITUTIONALLY CORRECT? 142
7.3.6 LEGAL ASPECTS 143
7.4 THE RECEPTION OF COMMUNITY LAW IN THE COURTS 145
7.5 SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENTS 146
CIVIL LAW (PMVATRECHTIZLVLLRECHT) 149
8.1 INTRODUCTION 149
8.2 SOURCES OF CIVIL LAW 149
8.2.1 THE STRUCTURE AND DIVISION OF CIVIL LAW 149
8.2.2 UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES 150
8.3 LEGAL SUBJECTS AND LEGAL CAPACITY (RECHTSSUBJEKTE UND
RECHTSFAHIGKEIT) 151
8.3.1 NATURAL PERSON (NATURLICHE PERSON) 151
8.3.2 LEGAL PERSONS (JURISTISCHE PERSON) 153
8.4 THE LAW OF OBLIGATIONS (SCHULDRECHT) 154
8.5 THE LEGAL TRANSACTION (DAS RECHTSGESCHAFT) 154
8.5.1 DECLARATIONS OF INTENT (WILLENSERKLARUNGEN) AND FORMATION
OF CONTRACT (ZUSTANDEKOMMEN / VERTRAGSABSCHLUFL) 154
8.5.2 INTERPRETATION (AUSLEGUNG) 156
8.5.3 CONCLUSION OF INTERNET AND OTHER ELECTRONIC CONTRACTS 157
8.6 GENERAL BUSINESS CONDITIONS (ALLGEMEINE GESCHAFTSBEDINGUNGEN
(AGB)) 157
8.6.1 GENERAL CONTROL OVER STANDARD CONDITIONS
(GELTUNGSKONTROLLE) 158
8.6.2 CONTROL OVER CONTENT (INHALTSKONTROLLE) 158
8.7 CONTRACTUAL DEFECTS (GESCMFTSMANGEL) 159
8.7.1 THE PRE-CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIP (DAS VORVERTRAGLICHE
SCHULDVERHALTNIS) 159
8.7.2 CONTRACTUAL PROBLEMS: FORMATION (FEHLER DES
VERTRAGSABSCHLUSSES/URSPRUNGLICHE/WURZELMANGEL) 159
8.7.3 RECISSION {ANFECHTUNG) 162
8.7.4 ILLEGAL OR IMMORAL CONTRACTS (GESETZ/VERBOTS- ODER
SITTENWIDRIGKEIT) 162
8.7.5 COLLAPSE OF THE FOUNDATION OF THE CONTRACT (WEGFALL/MANGEL
DER GESCHIIFTSGRUNDLAGE) 163
8.7.6 INITIAL IMPOSSIBILITY (URSPRIIGLICHE UNMOGLICHKEIT) 163
AUSTRIAN LEGAL SYSTEM & LAWS
8.8 CONTRACTUAL PROBLEMS IN: PERFORMANCE (LEISTUNGSSTORUNGEN/MANGEL
DER VERTRAGSERFIILLUNG) 164
8.8.1 SUBSEQUENT IMPOSSIBILITY (NACHTRAGLICHE UNMOGLICHKEIT) 164
8.8.2 DELAY (VERZUG) 165
8.8.3 BREACH OF WARRANTY (GEWAHRLEISTUNG) 166
8.8.4 FUNDAMENTAL OR POSITIVE BREACH OF CONTRACT {POSITIVE
VERTRAGSVERLETZUNG) 167
8.9 DAMAGES (SCHADENERSATZ) 167
8.10 OBLIGATIONAL RELATIONS (VERTRAGLICHE SCHULDVERHALTNISSE) 167
8.10.1 THE DUTIES OF THE CONTRACTUAL PARTIES (PFLICHTEN DER
VERTRAGSTEILE) 168
8.11 STATUTORY RELATIONSHIPS (GESETZLICHE SCHULDVERHALTNISSE) 168
8.11.1 DELICTUAL COMPENSATION LAW (SCHADENSERSATZRECHT) 168
8.11.2 LIABILITY FOR DANGEROUS ACTIVITIES AND STRICT LIABILITY
(GEFAHRDUNGSHAFTUNG) 171
8.12 UNJUSTIFIED ENRICHMENT (UNGERECHTFERTIGE BEREICHUNG) 172
9 COMMERCIAL LAW AND THE LAW OF BUSINESS ASSOCIATION 175
9.1 INTRODUCTION 175
9.2 COMMERCIAL LAW 175
9.2.1 HISTORY 175
9.2.2 THE STRUCTURE OF THE HGB 176
9.2.3 HGB BOOK 1 176
9.2.4 COMMERCIAL REPRESENTATION 178
9.2.5 BOOK 2: PARTNERSHIPS UNDER THE COMMERCIAL CODE 181
9.2.6 BOOK 3: BUSINESS ACCOUNTS 181
9.2.7 BOOK 4: COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS 181
9.2.8 COMMERCIAL SALES (HANDELSKAUF) 183
9.2.9 COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION 183
9.3 THE LAW OF BUSINESS ASSOCIATION 183
9.3.1 PARTNERSHIPS (PERSONONENGESELLSCHAFTEN) 184
9.4 COMPANY LAW (GESELLSCHAFTSRECHT) 187
9.4.1 THE PRIVATE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY (GESELLSCHAFT MIT
BESCHRIINKTER HAFTUNG (GMBH)) 187
9.4.2 MANAGEMENT, POLICY AND SUPERVISION (GESCHAFTSFUHRUNG) 189
9.4.3 DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION (AUFLOSUNG) 190
CONTENTS
9.5 THE JOINT STOCK CORPORATION (AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT (AG)) 191
9.5.1 FORMATION 191
9.5.2 CAPITAL AND SHARES 192
9.5.3 MANAGEMENT, POLICY AND SUPERVISION (GESCHAFTSFIIHRUNG) 192
9.5.4 ACCOUNTING PROVISIONS 194
9.5.5 DISSOLUTION (AUFLOSUNG) 194
9.6 TAKEOVER, MERGERS AND TRANSFORMATIONS 194
9.6.1 TAKEOVERS (OBERNAHMEANGEBOT (UBG)) 194
9.6.2 MERGER (VERSCHMELZUNG) 195
9.6.3 TRANSFORMATION (UMWANDLUNG) 196
9.7 THE LAW OF GROUPS OF COMPANIES (KONZEMRECHT) 196
10 LABOUR LAW 199
10.1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF AUSTRIAN
LABOUR LAW 199
10.2 CATEGORIES OF LABOUR LAW 199
10.2.1 INDIVIDUAL LABOUR LAW 200
10.2.2 COLLECTIVE LABOUR LAW 200
10.2.3 PROCEDURAL LAW 200
10.3 SOURCES OF LABOUR LAW 200
10.3.1 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 200
10.3.2 STATUTE LAW AND REGULATIONS 201
10.3.3 COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS 202
10.3.4 WORKS AGREEMENTS 202
10.3.5 INDIVIDUAL CONTRACTS OF EMPLOYMENT 202
10.3.6 CASE LAW 203
10.4 INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYMENT LAW 203
10.4.1 THE EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT {ARBEITSVERTRAG) 204
10.4.2 ENDING THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP AND DISMISSAL 206
10.5 EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LAWS 209
10.6 COLLECTIVE LABOUR LAW 210
10.6.1 EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEE INSTITUTIONS 210
10.6.2 STATUTORY REPRESENTATIVE BODIES (GESETZLICHE
INTERESSENVERTRETUNGEN) 212
AUSTRIAN LEGAL SYSTEM & LAWS
10.6.3 THE ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRIAN INDUSTRIALISTS
(DIE VEREINIGUNG DER OSTERREICHISCHER INDUSTRIELLER (VOL)) 213
10.6.4 COLLECTIVE BARGAINING (KOLLECTIWERTRAGVERHANDLUNGEN) 213
10.7 INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE LAW 214
10.7.1 INDUSTRIAL ACTION (ARBEITSKAMPFRECHT) 215
10.8 WORKER PARTICIPATION (WIRTSCHAFTLICHE MITBESTIMMUNG) 216
10.8.1 WORKS COUNCILS (BETRIEBSRDTE) 216
10.8.2 WORKS COUNCIL RIGHTS OF PARTICIPATION 217
10.8.3 SUPERVISORY BOARDS (AUFSICHTSRDTE) 218
10.9 PROCEDURAL LAW 218
10.9.1 LABOUR LAW COURTS 218
10.9.2 THE FEDERAL CONCILIATION OFFICE (BUNDESEINIGUNGSAMT) 218
10.9.3 INDIVIDUAL DISPUTES 219
INDEX 221 |
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| author | Foster, Nigel G. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)171319591 |
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| edition | 1. publ. |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:06:07Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:36:21Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1859417574 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Foster, Nigel G. Verfasser (DE-588)171319591 aut Austrian legal system & laws Nigel Foster 1. publ. London [u.a.] Cavendish 2003 XXVIII, 232 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014675304&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Foster, Nigel G. Austrian legal system & laws |
| title | Austrian legal system & laws |
| title_auth | Austrian legal system & laws |
| title_exact_search | Austrian legal system & laws |
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| title_full | Austrian legal system & laws Nigel Foster |
| title_fullStr | Austrian legal system & laws Nigel Foster |
| title_full_unstemmed | Austrian legal system & laws Nigel Foster |
| title_short | Austrian legal system & laws |
| title_sort | austrian legal system laws |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014675304&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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