Fox on Canadian law of copyright and industrial designs:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Scarborough
Carswell
2000
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XC, 962 S. |
| ISBN: | 045926009X |
Internformat
MARC
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| 049 | |a DE-M382 | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a McKeown, John S. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fox on Canadian law of copyright and industrial designs |c John S. McKeown |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Scarborough |b Carswell |c 2000 | |
| 300 | |a XC, 962 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Fox, Harold G. |d 1896-1970 |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)1133498191 |4 oth | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m SWB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014672604&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014672604 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135173788270592 |
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE V
TABLE OF CASES XXXI
CHAPTER 1 THE DEFINITION AND NATURE OF COPYRIGHT 1
1. DEFINITION OF COPYRIGHT 1
2. THEORIES OF OWNERSHIP OF COPYRIGHT 3
3. COPYRIGHT AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 5
(A) PATENTS 5
(B) INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS 6
(C) TRADEMARKS 6
4. NO COPYRIGHT IN FUTURE WORKS 7
5. COPYRIGHT REQUIRES NO FORMALITIES 7
6. INTERPRETATION OF THE ACT 8
CHAPTER2 HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION TO THE LAW OF COPYRIGHT 13
1. ROMAN LAW 13
2. MIDDLEAGES 14
3. THE INTRODUCTION AND REGULATION OF PRINTING 14
(A) INTRODUCTION 14
(B) REGULATION 15
4. PREROGATIVE GRANTS 16
5. THE STATIONERS COMPANY 17
6. STAR CHAMBER CONTROL 19
7. ABOLITION OF THE STAR CHAMBER 21
8. STATUTORY REGULATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 21
(A) INTRODUCTION 21
(B) THE LICENSING ACTS 22
(C) THE FIRST COPYRIGHT ACT 24
(D) BATTLE OF THE BOOKSELLERS 25
(E) MILLAR V. TAYLOR 25
(F) DONALDSON V. BECKETT 26
(G) LITERARY COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1842 28
(H) ENGRAVINGS AND PRINTS 29
(I) LITHOGRAPHS 29
(J) SCULPTURE 29
VIII CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
29
(K) DRAMALICWORKS*BULWERLYTTON SACT
0) MUSICALWORKS
(M) FINE ARTS COPYRIGHT ACT, 1862
(N) THE ROYAL COMMISSION REPORT OF 1878 ^
(O) INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT ACTS
(P) THE BRITISH COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1911
3L
(Q) THE BRITISH COPYRIGHT ACT, 1842, APPLIED TO CANADA 31
CHAPTER 3 CANADIAN COPYRIGHT LEGISLATION 33
1. THE HISTORY OF CANADIAN COPYRIGHT LEGISLATION 34
LA) 1832 TO 1875
34
(B) CANADIAN COPYRIGHT ACT M FORCE PRIOR TO 1924 35
(C) BRITISH COPYRIGHT LEGISLATION IN FORCE IN CANADA PRIOR TO 1924 37
(D) BRITISH COPYRIGHT ACT, 1911 38
(E) CANADIAN ACT OF 1921 38
2. CANADIAN LEGISLATIVE REFORM 39
(A) PRIORTO 1985 39
(B) A CHARTER OF RIGHTS FOR CREATORS 40
(C) THE 1988 AMENDMENTS 41
(D) CANADA-UNITED STATES FREE TRADE AGREEMENT 42
(E) THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW IMPROVEMENT ACT 43
(0 THE SOCAN AMENDMENT 44
(G) THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT 44
(H) THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AGREEMENT IMPLEMENTATION ACT 46
(I) THE CHALLENGE OF THE INFORMATION HIGHWAY, FINAL REPORT OF THE
INFORMATION HIGHWAY ADVISORY COUNCIL 47
(T) CATEGORIES OF WORKS 48
(II) USEOFWORKS 48
(III) BROWSING 49
(IV) FAIRDEALING 49
(V) MORAL RIGHTS 50
(VI) CROWN COPYRIGHT 50
(VII) DISTRIBUTION RIGHT/OWNERSHIP 51
(VIII) ADMINISTRATION 51
(IX) PUBLIC EDUCATION 51
(X) BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEM OPERATOR LIABILITY 51
(J) AN ACT TO AMEND THE COPYRIGHT ACT 52
CHAPTER4 SUBJECT-MATTER OF COPYRIGHT 57
1. ORIGINALITY
57
2. IDEAS AND SCHEMES 50
3. COPYRIGHT IN NEWS*BREACH OF CONT^ENCE 62
4. PARTIAL COPYRIGHT ...
63
5. DERIVATIVE WORKS ...
63
6- PROPER SUBJECT-MATTER .
7. IMMORAL WORKS.. ^
TABLE OF CONTENTS IX
(A) OBSCENITY AND THE CRIMINAL LAW 66
(B) OBSCENITY IN CIVIL CASES 70
(C) THE OBSCENITY DEFENCE IN CANADA 70
(D) THE OBSCENITY DEFENCE IN ENGLAND 72
8. WORKS THAT DECEIVE THE PUBLIC 74
9. IRRELIGIOUS WORKS 76
10. RULE AS TO COSTS 77
CHAPTERS ACQUISITION OF COPYRIGHT 79
1. INTRODUCTION 79
2. DEFINITIONS 80
(A) BRITISH SUBJECT 80
(B) DOMICILE 81
(C) RESIDENT OR ORDINARILY RESIDENT 81
(D) MAKING AND MAKER 82
3. SUBSISTENCE OF COPYRIGHT PRIOR TO JANUARY 1,1994 83
4. SUBSISTENCE OF COPYRIGHT FROM JANUARY 1, 1994 TO
JANUARY 1,1996 85
5. SUBSISTENCE OF COPYRIGHT FROM JANUARY 1, 1996 TO
SEPTEMBER 1,1997 87
6. SUBSISTENCE OF COPYRIGHT UNDER THE CURRENT ACT 89
CHAPTER 6 PUBLICATION AND UNPUBLISHED WORKS 91
1. PUBLICATION 91
(A) THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PUBLICATION 91
(B) MEANING OF PUBLICATION 92
(C) MAKING COPIES AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC 94
(D) ACTS NOT CONSTITUTING PUBLICATION 94
(E) SIMULTANEOUS PUBLICATION 95
2. IMPROPER PUBLICATION 95
(A) LETTERS 95
(B) PHOTOGRAPHS 97
(I) PRIVACY RIGHTS 97
(II) PUBLICITY RIGHTS 97
(C) LECTURES 101
3. UNPUBLISHED WORKS 102
(A) COMMON LAW COPYRIGHT IN UNPUBLISHED WORKS 102
(B) COPYRIGHT IN UNPUBLISHED WORKS BEFORE JANUARY 1,1924 104
(C) COPYRIGHT IN UNPUBLISHED WORKS UNDER THE CURRENT ACT 105
CHAPTER7 LITERARY WORKS 109
1. DEFINITIONS HO
2. THE RIGHTS ASSOCIATED WITH A LITERARY WORK 112
3. LITERARYMERIT 112
4. LITERARY CHARACTER 114
X CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
5. PERMANENT CHARACTER
LL
^
(A) FIXATION
(B) NO COPYRIGHT IN NEWS
(C) NO COPYRIGHT IN PROSPECTIVE WORKS
117
6. ORIGINALITY
118
7. BOOKS
119
8. LECTURES
12
0
9. MAPS, CHARTS AND PLANS
121
10. COLLECTIVE WORKS
M
11. COMPILATIONS OF LITERARY WORKS 123
(A) GENERAL
123
(B) ORIGINALITY
12
4
(C) ORIGINALITY OF PARTS IMMATERIAL 127
(D) PARTIAL COPYRIGHT 129
(E) TRADE CATALOGUES 129
(0 ADVERTISEMENTS 131
(G) DIRECTORIES 131
(H) TABLES 138
(I) THE RULES OF A GAME 139
(J) NEWEDITIONS 140
(K) ANTHOLOGIES AND SELECTIONS 141
(1) ABRIDGEMENTS 142
(M) LAW REPORTS 145
(N) SELECTION OR ARRANGEMENT OF DATA 148
(O) OTHER EXAMPLES 148
(P) EXTENT OF PROTECTION IN COMPILATIONS 150
12. TRANSLATIONS 151
13. TITLES OF WORKS 153
14. LETTERS 156
15. COMPUTER PROGRAMS 158
(A) BEFOREJUNE8, 1988 158
(B) THE 1988 AMENDMENTS 161
(I) REFERENCE TO U.S. DECISIONS 162
(II) THE STATUTORY DEFINITION 163
(III) EXEMPTIONS FROM INFRINGEMENT 164
(C) PROTECTED TECHNOLOGY 164
(I) PROGRAMS 164
(II) THE LOOK AND FEEL OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM 165
(III) USER INTERFACES 165
(IV) VIDEO GAMES AND OTHER AUDIO-VISUAL WORKS 166
(V) THE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT TOPOGRAPHY ACT 167
CHAPTER8 DRAMATIC WORKS 169
1. DEFINITIONS
169
2. THE RIGHTS ASSOCIATED WITH A DRAMATIC WORK 170
3. HISTORY OF PROTECTION. .
171
4. FIXATION ^
TABLE OF CONTENTS XI
5. PUBLICATION 172
6. THE RIGHT TO PERFORM THE WORK IN PUBLIC 173
7. WHAT IS PROTECTED AS A DRAMATIC WORK 173
(A) DRAMATIC CHARACTER 173
(B) SPORTING EVENTS 174
(C) SCENIC EFFECTS 175
(D) COMIC BUSINESS 176
(E) FORMATS 177
(0 CHARACTERS 178
(G) PLOT OR PLAN OF A WORK 180
(H) PIECE FOR RECITATION 181
(I) CHOREOGRAPHIC WORKS 181
(J) MIME 182
(K) COMPILATIONS OF DRAMATIC WORKS 182
(1) SONGS AS A DRAMATIC WORK 183
(M) ADAPTATIONS 184
8. CINEMATOGRAPHIC WORKS 184
CHAPTER 9 MUSICAL WORKS 187
1. DEFINITIONS 187
2. THE RIGHTS ASSOCIATED WITH A MUSICAL WORK 188
3. HISTORY OF PROTECTION 188
4. FIXATION 190
5. PUBLICATION 190
6. THE RIGHT TO PERFORM THE WORK IN PUBLIC 190
7. ORIGINALITY 191
8. WHAT IS PROTECTED AS A MUSICAL WORK 192
(A) ADAPTATIONS AND ARRANGEMENTS 192
(B) SONGS 193
(C) COMPILATIONS 194
CHAPTER 10 ARTISTIC WORKS 197
1. DEFINITIONS 197
2. THE RIGHTS ASSOCIATED WITH AN ARTISTIC WORK 199
3. HISTORY OF PROTECTION 200
4. FIXATION 200
5. PUBLICATION 200
6. ORIGINALITY 201
7. ARTISTIC IDEAS OR CONCEPTIONS 202
8. ARTISTIC MERIT OR QUALITY 203
9. REPRODUCTION IN A DIFFERENT MEDIUM 205
10. DESIGNS APPLIED TO USEFUL ARTICLES 205
(A) INTRODUCTION 205
(B) DESIGNS CREATED BEFORE JUNE 8, 1988 206
(I) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 206
(II) NATURE OF DESIGNS 207
XII CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
(III) CAPABLE OF BEING REGISTERED 208
(IV) INTENDED TO BE USED AS MODEL 209
(V) MULTIPLICATION BY INDUSTRIAL PROCESS 209
(VI) AND/OR AND RULE 11(1)
209
(VII) CONCLUSION
21
(C) DESIGNS CREATED AFTER JUNE 8,1988
21
(I) DEFINITIONS
21
(II) EYE APPEALING FEATURES APPLIED TO USEFUL ARTICLES 211
(III) USEFUL ARTICLE FEATURES DICTATED BY UTILITARIAN FUNCTION 214
11. WHAT IS PROTECTED AS AN ARTISTIC WORK 215
(A) PAINTINGS AND DRAWINGS 215
(B) MAPS, CHARTS AND PLANS 216
(C) PHOTOGRAPHS 217
(D) ENGRAVINGS 219
(E) SCULPTURES 221
(0 WORKS OF ARTISTIC CRAFTSMANSHIP 221
(G) ARCHITECTURAL WORKS 222
(H) COMPILATIONS OF ARTISTIC WORKS 226
(I) INTEGRATED CIRCUIT TOPOGRAPHY ACT 227
CHAPTER 11 CINEMATOGRAPHIC WORKS 229
1. DEFINITIONS 229
2. CINEMATOGRAPHIC RIGHTS 230
3. HISTORY OF PROTECTION 231
4. FIXATION 233
5. PUBLICATION 233
6. ORIGINALITY 234
7. MAKER 234
8. TERM OF PROTECTION 235
9. WHAT IS PROTECTED AS A CINEMATOGRAPHIC WORK 236
(A) FILMS 236
(B) VIDEO TAPES 236
(C) COMPILATIONS 237
CHAPTER12 MORALRIGHTS 239
1. DEFINITIONS 239
2. NATURE OF THE RIGHT !. . .!I 1!! !!!!ZZZ Z 240
(A) THE RIGHT TO THE INTEGRITY OF THE WORK 240
(B) THE RIGHT TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE WORK OR TO REMAIN ANONYMOUS ..
242
(C) WORKSOF JOINT AUTHORSHIP 243
(D) TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS 244
3. INFRINGEMENT 244
4. ASSIGNMENT & WAIVER 246
5. HISTORY OF PROTECTION 248
6. CONSTITUTIONALITY 250
7. TERM OF PROTECTION .. ..
2
51
TABLE OF CONTENTS XIII
8. FALSE ATTRIBUTION OF WORKS TO AN AUTHOR 251
CHAPTER 13 PERFORMERS RIGHTS 253
1. DEFINITIONS 253
2. THE PERFORMER 254
3. NATURE OF THE RIGHTS 256
(A) PERFORMERS RIGHTS * CANADA OR ROME CONVENTION COUNTRIES 256
(I) THEACT 256
(II) WHERE THE PERFORMER S PERFORMANCE IS NOT FIXED 257
(III) WHERE THE PERFORMER S PERFORMANCE IS FIXED 257
(IV) LIMITATIONS OF THE RIGHT 258
(V) POINTS OF ATTACHMENT OR CONNECTING FACTORS 259
(VI) TERM OF PROTECTION 260
(VII) OWNERSHIP AND ASSIGNMENT OF RIGHTS 260
(B) PERFORMERS RIGHTS * WTO COUNTRIES 260
(C) THE RIGHT TO EQUITABLE REMUNERATION 262
(I) THE NATURE OF THE RIGHT 262
(II) THE POINTS OF ATTACHMENT OR CONNECTING FACTORS 263
(III) THE AMOUNT OF THE ROYALTY 264
(D) PERFORMERS RIGHTS AND RIGHTS UNDER PART I OF THE ACT 264
4. HISTORY OF PROTECTION 265
5. CONSTRRUNONALITY 267
6. FIXATION 267
CHAPTER 14 SOUND RECORDINGS 269
1. DEFINITIONS 269
2. NATURE OF THE RIGHTS 272
(A) PRIOR TO SEPTEMBER 1,1997 272
(B) AFTER SEPTEMBER 1, 1997 276
(I) COPYRIGHT IN SOUND RECORDINGS 276
(II) THE RIGHT TO EQUITABLE REMUNERATION 278
3. HISTORY OF PROTECTION 278
4. DISTINGUISHED FROM PERFORMING RIGHT 281
5. FIXATION 282
6. PUBLICATION 282
7. ORIGINALITY 282
8. MAKER 283
9. TERM OF PROTECTION 284
10. ASSIGNMENTS 284
CHAPTER 15 BROADCASTERS RIGHTS 285
1. DEFINITIONS 285
2. HISTORY OF PROTECTION 286
3. THE NATURE OF THE RIGHT 288
(A) GENERAL 288
XIV CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
290
(B) FIXATION AND REPRODUCTION
(C) RETRANSMISSION BY ANOTHER BROADCASTER
29U
(D) TELEVISION COMMUNICATION SIGNALS
4. NATIONAL TREATMENT 291
5. OWNERSHIP 292
6 TERM OF PROTECTION
292
7. BROADCASTERS EXCEPTIONS FROM INFRINGEMENT 292
CHAPTER 16 THE TERM OF COPYRIGHT 295
1. HISTORY
295
2. THE GENERAL TERM OF PROTECTION 296
3. ANONYMOUS AND PSEUDONYMOUS WORKS 297
4. POSTHUMOUS WORKS
298
5. WORKS OF JOINT AUTHORSHIP 299
6. PHOTOGRAPHS 301
7. CINEMATOGRAPHIC WORKS 302
8. CROWN COPYRIGHT 303
9. PERFORMERS PERFORMANCES, SOUND RECORDINGS AND
COMMUNICATION SIGNALS 304
10. ABANDONMENT OF COPYRIGHT 305
CHAPTER 17 OWNERSHIP OF COPYRIGHT 311
1. AUTHORSHIP 312
(A) THE GENERAL PRINCIPLE 312
(B) THE MEANING OF THE TERM AUTHOR 312
(C) CORRECTIONS AND REVISIONS 317
(D) COMPUTER GENERATED WORKS 317
(E) COLLECTIVE WORKS 318
(F) COMPILATIONS 320
2. WORKS OF JOINT AUTHORSHIP 322
(A) DEFINITION 322
(B) DISTINGUISHED FROM COLLECTIVE WORKS 322
(C) COLLABORATION 322
(D) THE NATURE OF THE CONTRIBUTION 323
(E) THE NATURE OF JOINT AUTHORS INTEREST 324
3. DIVISION OF OWNERSHIP ON ASSIGNMENT ! . 324
4. SPECIAL CLASSES OF WORKS 325
(A) PHOTOGRAPHS 325
(I) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 325
(II) HISTORY 325
(III) THE AUTHOR OF A PHOTOGRAPH .... . . ... 326
(IV) PHOTOGRAPHS ORDERED FOR VALUABLE CONSIDERATION 327
(A) ORDER 328
(B) VALUABLE CONSIDERATION 329
(C) AGREEMENT TO THE CONTRARY 330
(V) CONTRACTS OF SERVICE 33J
TABLE OF CONTENTS XV
(B) CINEMATOGRAPHIC WORKS 331
(C) ENGRAVINGS 332
(I) SKETCHES AND DRAWINGS 333
(D) PORTRAITS 334
(E) SOUND RECORDINGS 334
(F) OTHER COMMISSIONED WORKS 335
5. CORPORATIONS 336
6. CONTRACTS OF SERVICE 337
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 337
(B) EMPLOYMENT UNDER A CONTRACT OF SERVICE OR APPRENTICESHIP 338
(I) THE CONTROL TEST 338
(II) THE ORGANIZATION OR INTEGRATION TEST 340
(III) THE ECONOMIC REALITY TEST 341
(C) THE WORK MUST BE MADE IN THE COURSE OF EMPLOYMENT 342
(D) ABSENCE OF AGREEMENT TO THE CONTRARY 343
(E) ARTICLES OR OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS TO A NEWSPAPER, MAGAZINE, OR SIMILAR
PERIODICAL 343
7. PRESUMPTIONS AS TO OWNERSHIP 343
CHAPTER 18 CROWN COPYRIGHT 345
1. STATUTORY PROVISIONS 345
2. DEFINITIONS 346
(A) THE CROWN AND HER MAJESTY 346
(B) ANY GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT 347
3. CROWN PREROGATIVE 347
(A) THE NATURE OF THE CONCEPT 347
(B) AUTHORIZED VERSIONS OF THE BIBLE 349
(C) STATUTES 351
(D) LAWREPORTS 352
(E) DURATION 353
4. CROWN IMMUNITY 353
5. CROWN COPYRIGHT 355
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 355
(B) PREPARED OR PUBLISHED BY OR UNDER THE DIRECTION OR CONTROL... 356
(C) OF HER MAJESTY OR ANY GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT 356
(D) EMANATIONS OF THE CROWN 357
(E) SECTION 12 AND CROWN PREROGATIVE 360
(0 STATUTES 360
(G) LAWREPORTS 361
6. FEDERAL POLICY RELATING TO CROWN COPYRIGHT 362
7. ADDITIONAL RIGHTS 363
8. REFORM 363
CHAPTER 19 ASSIGNMENT, TRANSMISSION AND LICENCE 365
1. ASSIGNMENT 366
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 366
VI CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
(B) MUST BE IN WRITING ^68
(C) SUBJECT-MATTER ^69
(D) THE RIGHTS OF THE OWNER
370
(E) DIVISIBILITY OF COPYRIGHT
372
(I) EITHER WHOLLY OR PARTIALLY 372
(II) SUBJECT TO LIMITATIONS RELATING TO TERRITORY, MEDIUM OR SECTOR OF
THE MARKET OR OTHER LIMITATIONS RELATING TO THE SCOPE OF THE
ASSIGNMENT
374
(III) EITHER FOR THE WHOLE TERM OF THE COPYRIGHT OR FOR ANY OTHER PART
THEREOF
374
(F) ASSIGNMENTOF FUTURE RIGHTS IN WORKS 374
(G) CONSTRUCTION 376
(H) ASSIGNMENTS AND THE TRANSFER OF POSSESSION OF PHYSICAL THINGS 378
(I) ASSIGNMENT OR LICENCE 379
(J) LIMITATION ON TERM OF ASSIGNMENT AFTER AUTHOR S DEATH 382
2. DEVOLUTION 383
3. BANKRUPTCY 385
(A) THE PROPERTY OF THE BANKRUPT 385
(B) THE EFFECT OFBANKRUPTCY ON LICENCES 385
(C) PROPOSALS UNDER THE BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY ACT 386
(D) SPECIFIC RIGHTS UNDER THE BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY ACT 386
4. LICENCES 388
(A) PROPRIETARY LICENCES 388
(B) EXCLUSIVE LICENCES 390
(C) NON-PROPRIETARY LICENCES 390
(D) IMPLIED LICENCES 391
(E) ASSIGNMENT AND REVOCATION 392
5. PERFORMANCES, SOUND RECORDINGS AND COMMUNICATION
SIGNALS 393
6. REGISTRATION OF ASSIGNMENTS AND LICENCES 393
7. LICENCES BY OPERATION OF LAW 395
(A) AFTER DEATH OF AUTHOR 395
(B) OWNERS WHO CANNOT BE LOCATED 395
(C) FOR FAILURE TO REPUBLISH 396
(D) BOOKS 396
CHAPTER20 REGISTRATION OF COPYRIGHT 399
1. STATUTORY PROVISIONS 399
2. AUTOMATIC PROTECTION [[[[[][[ . . . . . . . 402
3. REGISTRATION 1 ! ^.... 403
(A) ADMISSIBILITY OF COPIES 403
(B) CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION AS EVIDENCE 404
(C) CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION AS NOTICE 405
(D) NOTICE OF ASSIGNMENT OR LICENCE 406
(E) TO MODIFY THE PRESUMPTIONS CONTAINED IN THE ACT . 406
4. APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTRATION
406
5. RECTIFICATION OF THE REGISTER ]]
4O
G
TABLE OF CONTENTS XVII
(A) JURISDICTION 408
(B) ANY INTERESTED PERSON 410
CHAPTER21 INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT 411
1. GENERAL 412
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 412
(B) THECONCEPT 413
(C) INNOCENT INFRINGEMENT 414
(D) IDEAS 415
(E) CONSENT OR LICENCE 417
(F) THE RIGHT TO REPAIR 418
2. THE RIGHT TO PRODUCE OR REPRODUCE A WORK 420
(A) NATURE OF THE RIGHT 420
(B) INFRINGEMENT OF THE RIGHT TO PRODUCE OR REPRODUCE 422
(C) PRODUCING OR REPRODUCING A SUBSTANTIAL PART OF A WORK 423
(I) THE QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF THE MATERIAL TAKEN 425
(II) ADVERSE ECONOMIC IMPACT 426
(D) COLOURABLE IMITATION 428
(E) INDIRECT REPRODUCTION 429
(F) UNCONSCIOUS REPRODUCTION 432
(G) BURLESQUE OR PARODY 434
(H) ABRIDGEMENTS 436
3. LITERARY WORKS AND COMPILATIONS 437
(A) GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 437
(B) FAIR USE OF EARLIER WORKS 439
(C) USE OF MATERIAL FROM PREVIOUS WORKS 439
(D) COMMON SOURCES 443
(E) EXPLANATION OF SIMILARITIES 446
(F) ANTHOLOGIES 448
(G) COMPUTER PROGRAMS 449
(I) GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 449
(II) THE AMERICAN APPROACH 451
(III) UNITED KINGDOM CASES 454
(IV) CANADIAN CASES 455
(V) CONCLUSION 457
(VI) RELATED COMPUTER ISSUES 458
(A) READING OF A PROGRAM INTO THE MEMORY OF A COMPUTER 458
(B) BROWSING 460
(C) THE REVERSE ENGINEERING OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM 461
4. DRAMATIC WORKS 462
(A) GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 462
(B) USE OF COMMON STOCK INCIDENTS 464
5. MUSICAL WORKS 465
(A) GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 465
(B) PRODUCING OR REPRODUCING A SUBSTANTIAL PART OF THE WORK 466
(C) ARRANGEMENTS AND ADAPTATIONS 468
(D) COMMON SOURCES 468
XVIII CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
6. ARTISTIC WORKS
469
(A) GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
4
^
(B) REPRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT MEDIA 471
(C) PRODUCING OR REPRODUCING A SUBSTANTIAL PART OF THE WORK 473
7. THE RIGHT TO PERFORM THE WORK IN PUBLIC 476
(A) THE NATURE OF THE RIGHT
476
(B) TO PERFORM
477
(C) INPUBLIC
479
8. UNAUTHORIZED PUBLICATION OF UNPUBLISHED WORKS 488
9. THE RIGHT TO TRANSLATE A WORK 488
10. THE RIGHT TO CONVERT A DRAMATIC WORK 489
11. THE RIGHT TO CONVERT A NON-DRAMATIC WORK 489
12. THE RIGHT TO MAKE RECORDINGS 490
13. THE RIGHT TO PRESENT A WORK AS A CINEMATOGRAPHIC
WORK 492
14. THE RIGHT TO COMMUNICATE A WORK TO THE PUBLIC BY
TELECOMMUNICATION 493
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 493
(B) THE NATURE OF THE RIGHT 495
(I) HISTORY 495
(II) RELATION TO THE RIGHT TO PERFORM 496
(III) MEANING OF TO THE PUBLIC 497
(IV) COMMON CARRIERS, NETWORKS AND PROGRAMMING UNDERTAKINGS ... 498
(V) RE-TRANSMISSION 499
(VI) FIXATION 499
(VII) PLACE OF INFRINGEMENT 499
(VIII) COMMUNICATION OF MUSICAL WORKS TO THE PUBLIC BY
TELECOMMUNICATION ON THE INTERNET 501
15. THE RIGHT TO PRESENT AN ARTISTIC WORK IN PUBLIC 505
16. THE RIGHT TO RENT COMPUTER PROGRAMS 506
(A) THE NATURE OF THE RIGHT 506
(B) THE EXTENT OF THE RIGHT 507
(C) COMMERCIAL RENTALS 507
17. THE RIGHT TO RENT SOUND RECORDINGS OF MUSICAL WORKS .. 508
18. PERFORMERS PERFORMANCES, SOUND RECORDINGS AND
COMMUNICATION SIGNALS 508
19. AUTHORIZING INFRINGEMENT ... 508
(A) GENERAL 5
O
G
(B) HISTORY 5O9
(C) MEANING OF TO AUTHORIZE 510
20. INFRINGEMENT BY AGENTS, EMPLOYEES AND INDEPENDENT
CONTRACTORS
515
CHAPTER22 SECONDARY INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT 519
1. STATUTORY PROVISIONS
519
2. SECONDARY INFRINGEMENT .. ...^.. . 522
(A) THE GENERA! PROHIBITION 522
TABLE OF CONTENTS XIX
(B) THE PROSCRIBED ACTIVITY MUST TAKE PLACE IN CANADA 523
(C) KNOWLEDGE OF INFRINGEMENT 524
(D) IF IT HAD BEEN MADE IN CANADA BY THE PERSON WHO MADE IT 526
(E) SALE OR RENTAL OF INFRINGING WORKS 526
(F) DISTRIBUTION TO SUCH AN EXTENT AS TO AFFECT PREJUDICIALLY THE OWNER
OF
THE COPYRIGHT 528
(G) BY WAY OF TRADE DISTRIBUTE, EXPOSE OR OFFER FOR SALE OR RENTAL, OR
EXHIBIT IN PUBLIC 528
(H) POSSESSION OF INFRINGING WORKS 529
(I) IMPORTATION OF INFRINGING WORKS 530
(]) PLATES SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED OR ADAPTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF MAKING
INFRINGING COPIES 531
3. PERMITTING INFRINGING PERFORMANCES IN THEATRES 532
(A) THE NATURE OF THE RIGHT 532
(B) TOPERMIT 532
(C) FOR PROFIT 534
(D) NO REASONABLE GROUND FOR SUSPECTING INFRINGEMENT 535
(E) THEATRE OR OTHER PLACE OF ENTERTAINMENT 537
4. PARALLEL IMPORTATION OF BOOKS 538
(A) INTRODUCTION 538
(B) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 539
(C) EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTOR 540
(D) REMEDIES 541
(D) TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS 542
CHAPTER23 EXCEPTIONS 545
1. INTRODUCTION 546
2. FAIRDEALING 549
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 549
(B) THE MEANING OF FAIR DEALING 549
(C) FAIR DEALING FOR THE PURPOSE OF RESEARCH OR PRIVATE STUDY 552
(D) FAIR DEALING FOR THE PURPOSE OF CRITICISM OR REVIEW 553
(E) FAIR DEALING FOR THE PURPOSE OF NEWS REPORTING 554
3. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 555
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 555
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTIONS 558
(C) LITERARY COLLECTIONS 560
4. LIBRARIES, ARCHIVES AND MUSEUMS 560
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 560
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTIONS 564
5. MACHINES INSTALLED IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS,
LIBRARIES, ARCHIVES AND MUSEUMS 566
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 566
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTION 567
6. COMPUTER PROGRAMS 569
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 569
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTION 569
XX CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
7. THE INCIDENTAL INCLUSION OF A WORK IN ANOTHER WORK .... 570
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 570
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTION
57
8. EPHEMERAL RECORDINGS
571
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 571
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTION 572
9. PRE-RECORDED RECORDINGS
573
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 573
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTION 574
10. RETRANSMISSION
575
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 575
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTION 576
11. PERSONS WITH PERCEPTUAL DISABILITIES 576
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 576
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTION 577
12. STATUTORY OBLIGATIONS 578
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 578
13. MISCELLANEOUS 578
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 578
(B) ARTISTIC WORKS 580
(C) ARCHITECTURAL WORKS AND SCULPTURES OR WORKS OF ARTISTIC
CRAFTSMANSHIP SITUATED IN PUBLIC PLACES 580
(D) NEWSPAPER REPORT OF PUBLIC LECTURE 581
(E) PUBLIC RECITATION OF EXTRACTS 581
(F) REPORT OF AN ADDRESS OF A POLITICAL NATURE GIVEN AT A PUBLIC MEETING
.. 582
(G) PERFORMANCE AT AGRICULTURAL FAIRS 582
(H) PERFORMANCE BY RELIGIOUS, EDUCATIONAL, CHARITABLE OR FRATERNAL
BODIES 583
(I) EQUITABLE REMUNERATION 585
14. CANADIAN CHARTER OF RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS 585
CHAPTER 24 CIVIL REMEDIES FOR INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT 587
1. STATUTORY PROVISIONS 589
2. INTRODUCTION . 589
3. JURISDICTION . 590
4. LIMITATION PERIOD FOR CIVIL REMEDIES 592
5. PARTIES 593
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 593
(B) THE OWNER OF COPYRIGHT 595
(C) WORKS OF JOINT AUTHORSHIP 595
(D) THE AUTHOR 595
(E) PERSONS DERIVING RIGHTS FROM THE OWNER 597
(I) PROPRIETARY LICENCES 597
(II) ASSIGNEES 59G
(F) POTENTIAL DEFENDANTS 599
(G) DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS ........... ........... 602
(I) IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY 6O2
TABLE OF CONTENTS XXI
(II) MATTERS CONSIDERED BY THE COURTS 605
(A) THE SIZE OF THE CORPORATION AND THE DIRECTOR S ROLE 605
(B) THE TYPE OF INFRINGEMENT ALLEGED 606
(C) OTHER FACTORS CONSIDERED 606
(III) PLEADINGS 607
(H) JOINDER 608
6. PLEADINGS 609
(A) NOTICE OF INFRINGEMENT OR DEMAND 609
(B) STATEMENT OF CLAIM 609
(C) STATEMENT OF DEFENCE 611
(I) GENERAL 611
(II) IGNORANCE OR GOOD FAITH 611
(III) BREACH OF THE COMPETITION ACT 614
(D) PARTICULARS 617
7. INTERLOCUTORY INJUNCTIONS 618
(A) GENERAL 618
(B) DISCRETIONARY REMEDY 619
(C) THE THRESHOLD TEST 619
(D) A SERIOUS QUESTION TO BE TRIED 621
(E) IRREPARABLE HARM, BALANCE OF CONVENIENCE AND THE STATUS QUO 621
(I) IRREPARABLE HARM 622
(F) DELAY 623
(G) CLEAR VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT 623
8. ANTON PILLER ORDERS 624
(A) GENERAL 624
(B) AN EXTREMELY STRONG PRIMA FACIE CASE 626
(C) IRREPARABLE POTENTIAL OR ACTUAL DAMAGE 626
(D) CLEAR EVIDENCE OF POSSESSION OF INCRIMINATING MATERIAL AND POTENTIAL
DESTRUCTION 626
(E) FULL AND FRANK DISCLOSURE 627
(0 THE TERMS OF THE ORDER 629
(G) EXECUTING THE ORDER 630
(H) SELF-INCRIMINATION 633
(I) SOLICITOR-CLIENT PRIVILEGE 635
(J) CONTEMPT 635
(K) SETTING ASIDE THE ORDER 636
(1) DAMAGES PURSUANT TO THE PLAINTIFFS UNDERTAKING 637
9. SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS 637
(A) MOTIONS FOR SUMMARY JUDGEMENT 637
(B) SUMMARY APPLICATIONS 637
10. DISCOVERY 638
11. EVIDENCE AT TRIAL 638
(A) GENERAL 638
(B) EVIDENCE OF COPYING 639
(C) SIMILARITIES, ERRORS AND OMISSIONS 639
(D) EXPERT EVIDENCE 641
(E) CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION AS EVIDENCE 642
(F) PRODUCTION AND INSPECTION AT TRIAL 643
XXII CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
12. PRESUMPTIONS
644
(A) GENERAL
644
(B) SUBSISTENCE OF COPYRIGHT O
44
(C) OWNERSHIP OF COPYRIGHT 645
(D) AUTHOR, PERFORMER, MAKER OR BROADCASTER 645
12. PERMANENT INJUNCTION 646
(A) GENERAL
646
(B) ENTITLEMENT 646
(C) DELAY OR ACQUIESCENCE 648
(D) PARTIAL INFRINGEMENT 649
(E) IMMORAL OR ILLEGAL WORKS 649
(F) THE CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING OR OTHER STRUCTURE 650
(G) NON-PARTIES 650
(H) WIDE INJUNCTION 651
(I) BREACH OF INJUNCTION 652
14. DECLARATORY RELIEF 653
15. DAMAGES 654
(A) GENERAL 654
(B) GENERAL PRINCIPLES 654
(C) NOMINAL DAMAGES 657
(D) PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES 658
16. STATUTORY DAMAGES 659
(A) GENERAL 659
(B) THEELECTION 660
(C) ONE WORK OR OTHER SUBJECT-MATTER 660
(D) THE AMOUNT OF STATUTORY DAMAGES 660
(E) EXCEPTIONS 662
(F) LIMITATION ON AWARDS AGAINST EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, LIBRARIES AND
OTHERS 662
(G) TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS 663
17. ACCOUNT OF PROFITS 663
18. RECOVERY OF POSSESSION 665
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 665
(B) HISTORY 666
(C) RECOVERY OF POSSESSION 667
(D) DISPOSITION OF RECOVERED COPIES AND PLATES 668
19. DELIVERY UP 668
20. COSTS .... .... .... ... . ... 670
21. SEIZURE OF IMPORTED COPIES ...................R.. !... . 670
(A) SECTION44 670
(B) REVISED PROCEDURES 671
(I) HISTORY
671
(II) WORKS
672
(III) IMPORTATION OF BOOKS 672
(IV) OTHER SUBJECT-MATTER 673
(V) PROCEDURAL MATTERS 673
(VI) EXCEPTIONS 675
TABLE OF CONTENTS XXIII
CHAPTER 25 CRIMINAL REMEDIES FOR INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT .... 677
1. STATUTORY PROVISIONS 677
2. GENERAL 679
(A) HISTORY 679
(B) INTENTIONAL ELEMENT 680
(C) INFRINGING COPIES 682
(D) PERFORM IN PUBLIC 683
3. SECTION 42 OFFENCES 683
(A) THE PROSCRIBED ACTIVITIES 683
(B) EVIDENCE AT TRIAL 685
(C) PENALTIES 687
(D) DESTRUCTION OR DELIVERY UP 687
4. SECTION 43 OFFENCES 687
(A) PERFORMANCE OF A DRAMATIC OR OPERATIC WORK OR MUSICAL
COMPOSITION 687
(B) IMPROPER ALTERATIONS IN A DRAMATIC OR OPERATIC WORK OR MUSICAL
COMPOSITION 688
5. CRIMINALCODE 689
CHAPTER 26 THE COPYRIGHT BOARD 691
1. HISTORY 691
2. JURISDICTION 693
(A) PERFORMING RIGHTS AND THE COMMUNICATION TO THE PUBLIC BY
TELECOMMUNICATION 693
(B) RETRANSMITTERS AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 694
(C) COPYRIGHT UNDER SECTIONS 3, 15, 18 AND 21 694
(D) PRIVATE COPYING 696
(E) OWNERS OF COPYRIGHT WHO CANNOT BE FOUND 697
(F) COMPENSATION FOR ACTS DONE BEFORE RECOGNITION OF COPYRIGHT 697
(G) RADIO PERFORMANCES IN PLACES OTHER THAN THEATRES 698
3. THE MAKE UP OF THE COPYRIGHT BOARD 698
4. THE POWERS OF THE COPYRIGHT BOARD 699
5. JUDICIAL REVIEW 703
6. THE STATUS OF THE ARTIST ACT 703
CHAPTER 27 COLLECTIVE ADMINISTRATION OF PERFORMING RIGHTS AND
OF COMMUNICATION RIGHTS 707
1. HISTORY 707
2. SOCAN 709
3. STATUTORY DEFINITIONS 710
4. FILING OF PROPOSED TARIFFS 711
5. CONSIDERATION AND APPROVAL OF PROPOSED TARIFFS 712
(A) GENERALLY 712
XXIV CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
(B) EQUITABLE REMUNERATION FOR PERFORMERS AND MAKERS OF SOUND
RECORDINGS
7
6 THE EFFECT OF FIXING ROYALTIES
715
7. RADIO PERFORMANCES IN PLACES OTHER THAN THEATRES 716
(A) HISTORY
7L6
(B) THEEXCEPTION
/1/
(C) THE AMOUNT OF THE ROYALTIES 719
CHAPTER 28 COLLECTIVE ADMINISTRATION IN RELATION TO RIGHTS
UNDER SECTIONS 3,15,18 AND 21 721
1. HISTORY
721
2. DEFINITIONS
722
3. CURRENT SECTION 70.1 COLLECTIVE SOCIETIES 723
4. ARBITRATION 724
5. FILING OF PROPOSED TARIFFS 725
6. EXAMINATION OF AGREEMENTS 725
CHAPTER 29 ROYALTIES IN PARTICULAR CASES 727
1. HISTORY 727
2. DEFINITIONS 728
3. CURRENT SECTION 71 COLLECTIVE SOCIETIES 730
4. FILING OF PROPOSED TARIFFS 730
5. CLAIMS BY NON-MEMBERS 731
CHAPTER30 INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT 733
1. INTRODUCTION 734
2. THE BERNE CONVENTION 736
3. PROTECTION OF FOREIGN WORKS IN CANADA PRIOR TO 1924 737
4. PROTECTION OF BRITISH DOMINION WORKS IN CANADA 738
(A) PRIORTO 1924 738
(B) SUBSEQUENTTO 1924 739
5. THE PARIS REVISION OF THE BERNE CONVENTION 739
(A) THE BERNE UNION 740
(B) THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES 741
(I) NATIONAL TREATMENT 741
(II) AUTOMATIC AND INDEPENDENT PROTECTION 741
(C) COUNTRY OF ORIGIN 742
(D) PROTECTED WORKS 742
(E) CONNECTING FACTORS OR POINTS OF ATTACHMENT 743
(F) PUBLICATION 744
(G) TERM OF PROTECTION 744
(H) MORAL RIGHTS 745
(I) ECONOMIC RIGHTS 745
(J) DISPUTES AND REPRISALS 745
(K) THE STOCKHOLM PROTOCOL AND THE PARIS APPENDIX 747
TABLE OF CONTENTS XXV
(1) FUTURE AMENDMENTS 747
(M) MEMBERS OF THE UNION 749
6. THE UNIVERSAL COPYRIGHT CONVENTION 759
(A) HISTORY 759
(B) GENERAL PRINCIPLES 759
(C) FORMALITIES 760
(D) TERM OF PROTECTION 760
(E) TRANSLATIONS 761
(0 CANADA S RATIFICATION 761
(G) CONTRACTING STATES 761
7. THE ROME CONVENTION 765
(A) HISTORY 765
(B) THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE 766
(C) THE SAFEGUARD ARTICLE 767
(D) MINIMUM PROTECTION FOR PERFORMERS 767
(E) REPRODUCTION RIGHT OF PRODUCERS OF PHONOGRAMS 768
(F) EQUITABLE REMUNERATION 769
(G) MINIMUM PROTECTION FOR BROADCASTING ORGANIZATIONS 769
(H) EXCEPTIONS 770
(I) MINIMUM TERM OF PROTECTION 770
(J) CONTRACTING STATES 771
8. THE GENEVA CONVENTION 774
(A) HISTORY 774
(B) THE BASIC PROTECTION 775
(C) IMPLEMENTATION 775
(D) MINIMUM TERM OF PROTECTION 775
(E) FORMALITIES 776
(F) EXCEPTIONS 776
(G) CONTRACTING STATES 776
9. THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT 779
(A) HISTORY 779
(B) NATIONAL TREATMENT 780
(C) THE BASIC PROTECTION 780
(D) TERM OF PROTECTION 780
(E) SOUND RECORDINGS 781
(F) ENFORCEMENT OF RIGHTS 781
(G) THE CULTURAL INDUSTRIES EXEMPTION *. 781
(H) DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROVISIONS 782
10. TRIPS 782
(A) HISTORY 782
(B) NATIONAL TREATMENT 783
(C) THE BASIC PROTECTION 784
(D) PROTECTION OF PERFORMERS, PRODUCERS OF PHONOGRAMS AND BROADCASTING
ORGANIZATIONS 784
(E) DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROVISIONS 785
(F) THE CONTRACTING STATES 785
11. IMPLEMENTATION OF CONVENTION OBLIGATIONS 791
12 INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE CANADIAN COPYRIGHT ACT... 793
XXVI CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
793
(A) ACQUISITION OF COPYRIGHT ~
(B) PROTECTION OF WORKS ON ADHERENCE
194
(C) EXTENSION OF THE ACT TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES
795
(D) WORKS OF JOINT AUTHORSHIP
796
(E) PHOTOGRAPHS
796
(F) PERFORMERS RIGHTS
/YO
(G) SOUND RECORDINGS
798
(H) THE RIGHT TO EQUITABLE REMUNERATION
7
(I) RIGHTS OF BROADCASTERS
80
(J) RECIPROCITY
80
CHAPTER31 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN 803
1. HISTORY
;
804
(A) THE UNITED KINGDOM 804
(B) CANADA 805
2. SUBJECT-MATTER 806
(A) DEFINITION OF DESIGN 806
(B) SHAPE AND CONFIGURATION 807
(C) PATTERN OR ORNAMENT 808
(D) FINISHED ARTICLE 809
(E) APPEAL TO AND JUDGED SOLELY BY THE EYE 810
(F) FEATURES APPLIED TO A USEFUL ARTICLE DICTATED SOLELY BY UTILITARIAN
FUNCTION 811
(G) METHOD OR PRINCIPLE OF MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION 812
(H) COLOUR 812
(I) SETSANDKITS 813
(J) INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 814
(I) COPYRIGHT 814
(II) PATENTS 815
(III) TRADEMARKS 815
3. ORIGINALITY 816
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 816
(B) THE NATURE OF THE CONCEPT 816
(C) TIME OF ASSESSMENT 819
(D) COMBINATIONS 819
(E) TRADE VARIANTS 820
(F) ORIGINALITY IS QUESTION OF FACT AND EVIDENCE 821
4. PUBLICATION 822
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 822
(B) THE MEANING OF PUBLICATION 822
5. MARKING .Z [[. . . . . . . . . . 825
(A) DESIGNS REGISTERED AFTER JUNE 9,1993 825
(B) DESIGNS REGISTERED BEFORE JUNE 9,1993 826
(I) GENERAL 826
(II) REMOVAL OR OBLITERATION OF MARKING 826
(III) THE EFFECT OF FAILURE TO MARK 827
6. APPLICATION AND REGISTRATION 827
TABLE OF CONTENTS XXVII
(A) APPLICATIONS 827
(B) PROTECTION OF SEPARATE FEATURES 829
(C) REGISTRATION 830
7. THE PROPRIETOR 831
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 831
(B) AUTHOR 832
(C) DESIGNS EXECUTED FOR CONSIDERATION 832
8. TRANSMISSION 833
(A) ASSIGNMENT AND LICENCE 833
(B) NECESSITY FOR REGISTRATION 834
9. TERM 834
(A) DESIGNS REGISTERED BEFORE JANUARY 1, 1994 834
(B) DESIGNS REGISTERED AFTER JANUARY 1,1994 834
10. AMENDMENT OF THE REGISTER 835
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 835
(B) EXPUNGEMENT 835
(I) JURISDICTION 835
(II) PERSON AGGRIEVED 836
(III) WITHOUT SUFFICIENT CAUSE 836
(IV) BURDENOFPROOF 837
11. INFRINGEMENT 837
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 837
(B) THE ACTIVITIES 838
(C) THE ARTICLE IN RESPECT OF WHICH THE DESIGN IS REGISTERED 839
(D) WHETHER A DESIGN NOT DIFFERING SUBSTANTIALLY FROM THE DESIGN HAS
BEEN APPLIED 840
(E) INTENTION 843
(F) INFRINGEMENT IS QUESTION OF FACT AND EVIDENCE 843
12. THE ACTION FOR INFRINGEMENT 843
(A) JURISDICTION 843
(B) BURDENOFPROOF 844
(C) LIMITATION PERIOD 844
(D) EVIDENCE 844
(E) POWER OF THE COURT TO GRANT RELIEF 844
(I) INJUNCTION 845
(II) MEASURE OF DAMAGES 846
(III) DELIVERY UP 847
(F) DEFENCES 847
(G) INVALIDITY 848
(H) PARTICULARS 848
(I) COSTS 849
13. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 849
14. OFFENCES AND PENALTIES 849
CHAPTER32 BREACH OF CONFIDENCE 851
1. COPYRIGHT, PHYSICAL OWNERSHIP AND BREACH OF
CONFIDENCE 852
XXV111
CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
2 THE DOCTRINAL FOUNDATION OF BREACH OF CONFIDENCE 853
3! THE RELATIONSHIP OF BREACH OF CONFIDENCE AND
FIDUCIARY DUTY
855
4 COPYRIGHT AND BREACH OF CONFIDENCE DISTINGUISHED 856
5. BREACH OF CONFIDENCE MAY BE A WIDER RIGHT THAN
COPYRIGHT
858
6. THE ELEMENTS OF THE CAUSE OF ACTION 859
7 CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 860
8. CIRCUMSTANCES IMPARTING AN OBLIGATION OF
CONFIDENCE
864
(A) EXPRESS CONTRACT 864
(B) IMPLIED CONTRACTUAL TERM 864
(C) EXISTING OR ANTICIPATED RELATIONSHIPS 865
9. UNAUTHORIZED DETRIMENTAL USE OF THE INFORMATION 867
10. THIRD PARTY RECIPIENTS 868
11. EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPS 871
(A) DURING EMPLOYMENT 872
(B) POST EMPLOYMENT 873
(I) THE NATURE OF THE OBLIGATION 873
(II) WHAT IS A TRADE SECRET 874
(III) COMPARISON TO PATENTS AND COPYRIGHT 877
(IV) THE EMPLOYEE S GENERAL SKILL AND KNOWLEDGE 878
(V) THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN USE AND COMMUNICATION 880
(VI) RESTRAINT OF TRADE 880
(C) FIDUCIARY DUTY 882
12. THE DEFENCE OF JUST CAUSE FOR DISCLOSURE 884
13. REMEDIES 885
(A) INTERLOCUTORY INJUNCTIONS 886
(B) INJUNCTIONS AT TRIAL 887
(C) DAMAGES 889
(D) ACCOUNT OF PROFITS 894
(E) DESTRUCTION UNDER OATH OR DELIVERY UP 895
(F) CONSTRUCTIVE TRUST 896
14. CONFIDENTIALITY IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS .......... 897
(A) CONFIDENTIALITY ORDERS 897
(B) EXCLUSION OF THE PUBLIC 898
CHAPTER 33 WORKS IN EXISTENCE PRIOR TO JANUARY 1,1924 899
1. STATUTORY PROVISIONS 900
2. THE SUBSTITUTED RIGHT
901
3. COPYRIGHT BEFORE ACT OF 1921
. .[. [ . . . . . . . . . .I . . . .! 901
(A) UNPUBLISHED WORKS 992
(B) LITERARY WORKS 9Q5
(I) CANADIAN ACTOF 1906 995
(II) THE BRITISH COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1842 906
(C) COLLECTIVE WORKS
9O8
(D) LECTURES PJJ
TABLE OF CONTENTS XXIX
(E) DRAMATIC WORKS 911
(I) PROTECTION AS LITERARY WORKS 911
(II) THE BRITISH DRAMATIC COPYRIGHT ACT, 1833 912
(III) EXISTING RIGHTS 912
(F) MUSICALWORKS 913
(I) PROTECTION AS LITERARY WORKS 913
(II) THE PERFORMING RIGHT 913
(G) ARTISTIC WORKS 915
(I) PROTECTION AS UNPUBLISHED WORKS 915
(II) STATUTORY COPYRIGHT 915
(III) ENGRAVINGS AND PHOTOGRAPHS 915
(IV) EXISTING RIGHTS 916
(H) ARCHITECTURAL WORKS 916
(I) MECHANICAL CONTRIVANCES 916
(J) MISCELLANEOUS WORKS 917
4. EFFECT OF THE ACT OF 1921 918
(A) WHO IS ENTITLED TO SUBSTITUTED RIGHT 918
(B) THE APPLICATION OFTHE ACT OF 1921 918
(C) MUST BE EXISTING RIGHT IN CANADA 919
(D) EXTENSION OF TERM AND SCOPE OF COPYRIGHT 921
5. ASSIGNED RIGHTS 922
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 922
(B) THE RIGHTS OF ASSIGNEES 924
(C) MECHANICAL CONTRIVANCES 924
(D) COLLECTIVE WORKS 925
(E) PUBLICATION IN SEPARATE FORM 925
6. SUBSISTING AND VALUABLE RIGHTS OR INTERESTS 926
(A) SUBSECTION 42(3) OF THE ACT 926
(B) RIGHTS OR INTERESTS 927
(C) SUBSISTING AND VALUABLE 929
CHAPTER 34 DELIVERY OF COPIES OF BOOKS TO THE NATIONAL LIBRARIAN
931
1. HISTORY 931
2. THE REQUIRED DEPOSIT 931
3. THEOFFENCE 933
INDEX 935
|
| adam_txt |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE V
TABLE OF CASES XXXI
CHAPTER 1 THE DEFINITION AND NATURE OF COPYRIGHT 1
1. DEFINITION OF COPYRIGHT 1
2. THEORIES OF OWNERSHIP OF COPYRIGHT 3
3. COPYRIGHT AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 5
(A) PATENTS 5
(B) INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS 6
(C) TRADEMARKS 6
4. NO COPYRIGHT IN FUTURE WORKS 7
5. COPYRIGHT REQUIRES NO FORMALITIES 7
6. INTERPRETATION OF THE ACT 8
CHAPTER2 HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION TO THE LAW OF COPYRIGHT 13
1. ROMAN LAW 13
2. MIDDLEAGES 14
3. THE INTRODUCTION AND REGULATION OF PRINTING 14
(A) INTRODUCTION 14
(B) REGULATION 15
4. PREROGATIVE GRANTS 16
5. THE STATIONERS'COMPANY 17
6. STAR CHAMBER CONTROL 19
7. ABOLITION OF THE STAR CHAMBER 21
8. STATUTORY REGULATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 21
(A) INTRODUCTION 21
(B) THE LICENSING ACTS 22
(C) THE FIRST COPYRIGHT ACT 24
(D) BATTLE OF THE BOOKSELLERS 25
(E) MILLAR V. TAYLOR 25
(F) DONALDSON V. BECKETT 26
(G) LITERARY COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1842 28
(H) ENGRAVINGS AND PRINTS 29
(I) LITHOGRAPHS 29
(J) SCULPTURE 29
VIII CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
29
(K) DRAMALICWORKS*BULWERLYTTON'SACT
0) MUSICALWORKS
(M) FINE ARTS COPYRIGHT ACT, 1862
(N) THE ROYAL COMMISSION REPORT OF 1878 ^
(O) INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT ACTS
(P) THE BRITISH COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1911
3L
(Q) THE BRITISH COPYRIGHT ACT, 1842, APPLIED TO CANADA 31
CHAPTER 3 CANADIAN COPYRIGHT LEGISLATION 33
1. THE HISTORY OF CANADIAN COPYRIGHT LEGISLATION 34
LA) 1832 TO 1875
34
(B) CANADIAN COPYRIGHT ACT'M FORCE PRIOR TO 1924 35
(C) BRITISH COPYRIGHT LEGISLATION IN FORCE IN CANADA PRIOR TO 1924 37
(D) BRITISH COPYRIGHT ACT, 1911 38
(E) CANADIAN ACT OF 1921 38
2. CANADIAN LEGISLATIVE REFORM 39
(A) PRIORTO 1985 39
(B) A CHARTER OF RIGHTS FOR CREATORS 40
(C) THE 1988 AMENDMENTS 41
(D) CANADA-UNITED STATES FREE TRADE AGREEMENT 42
(E) THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW IMPROVEMENT ACT 43
(0 THE SOCAN AMENDMENT 44
(G) THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT 44
(H) THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AGREEMENT IMPLEMENTATION ACT 46
(I) THE CHALLENGE OF THE INFORMATION HIGHWAY, FINAL REPORT OF THE
INFORMATION HIGHWAY ADVISORY COUNCIL 47
(T) CATEGORIES OF WORKS 48
(II) USEOFWORKS 48
(III) BROWSING 49
(IV) FAIRDEALING 49
(V) MORAL RIGHTS 50
(VI) CROWN COPYRIGHT 50
(VII) DISTRIBUTION RIGHT/OWNERSHIP 51
(VIII) ADMINISTRATION 51
(IX) PUBLIC EDUCATION 51
(X) BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEM OPERATOR LIABILITY 51
(J) AN ACT TO AMEND THE COPYRIGHT ACT 52
CHAPTER4 SUBJECT-MATTER OF COPYRIGHT 57
1. ORIGINALITY
57
2. IDEAS AND SCHEMES 50
3. COPYRIGHT IN NEWS*BREACH OF CONT^ENCE 62
4. PARTIAL COPYRIGHT .
63
5. DERIVATIVE WORKS .
63
6- PROPER SUBJECT-MATTER .
7. IMMORAL WORKS. ^
TABLE OF CONTENTS IX
(A) OBSCENITY AND THE CRIMINAL LAW 66
(B) OBSCENITY IN CIVIL CASES 70
(C) THE OBSCENITY DEFENCE IN CANADA 70
(D) THE OBSCENITY DEFENCE IN ENGLAND 72
8. WORKS THAT DECEIVE THE PUBLIC 74
9. IRRELIGIOUS WORKS 76
10. RULE AS TO COSTS 77
CHAPTERS ACQUISITION OF COPYRIGHT 79
1. INTRODUCTION 79
2. DEFINITIONS 80
(A) BRITISH SUBJECT 80
(B) DOMICILE 81
(C) RESIDENT OR ORDINARILY RESIDENT 81
(D) "MAKING" AND "MAKER" 82
3. SUBSISTENCE OF COPYRIGHT PRIOR TO JANUARY 1,1994 83
4. SUBSISTENCE OF COPYRIGHT FROM JANUARY 1, 1994 TO
JANUARY 1,1996 85
5. SUBSISTENCE OF COPYRIGHT FROM JANUARY 1, 1996 TO
SEPTEMBER 1,1997 87
6. SUBSISTENCE OF COPYRIGHT UNDER THE CURRENT ACT 89
CHAPTER 6 PUBLICATION AND UNPUBLISHED WORKS 91
1. PUBLICATION 91
(A) THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PUBLICATION 91
(B) MEANING OF PUBLICATION 92
(C) MAKING COPIES AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC 94
(D) ACTS NOT CONSTITUTING PUBLICATION 94
(E) SIMULTANEOUS PUBLICATION 95
2. IMPROPER PUBLICATION 95
(A) LETTERS 95
(B) PHOTOGRAPHS 97
(I) PRIVACY RIGHTS 97
(II) PUBLICITY RIGHTS 97
(C) LECTURES 101
3. UNPUBLISHED WORKS 102
(A) COMMON LAW COPYRIGHT IN UNPUBLISHED WORKS 102
(B) COPYRIGHT IN UNPUBLISHED WORKS BEFORE JANUARY 1,1924 104
(C) COPYRIGHT IN UNPUBLISHED WORKS UNDER THE CURRENT ACT 105
CHAPTER7 LITERARY WORKS 109
1. DEFINITIONS HO
2. THE RIGHTS ASSOCIATED WITH A LITERARY WORK 112
3. LITERARYMERIT 112
4. LITERARY CHARACTER 114
X CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
5. PERMANENT CHARACTER
LL
^
(A) FIXATION
(B) NO COPYRIGHT IN NEWS
(C) NO COPYRIGHT IN PROSPECTIVE WORKS
117
6. ORIGINALITY
118
7. BOOKS
119
8. LECTURES
12
0
9. MAPS, CHARTS AND PLANS
121
10. COLLECTIVE WORKS
M
11. COMPILATIONS OF LITERARY WORKS 123
(A) GENERAL
123
(B) ORIGINALITY
12
4
(C) ORIGINALITY OF PARTS IMMATERIAL 127
(D) PARTIAL COPYRIGHT 129
(E) TRADE CATALOGUES 129
(0 ADVERTISEMENTS 131
(G) DIRECTORIES 131
(H) TABLES 138
(I) THE RULES OF A GAME 139
(J) NEWEDITIONS 140
(K) ANTHOLOGIES AND SELECTIONS 141
(1) ABRIDGEMENTS 142
(M) LAW REPORTS 145
(N) SELECTION OR ARRANGEMENT OF DATA 148
(O) OTHER EXAMPLES 148
(P) EXTENT OF PROTECTION IN COMPILATIONS 150
12. TRANSLATIONS 151
13. TITLES OF WORKS 153
14. LETTERS 156
15. COMPUTER PROGRAMS 158
(A) BEFOREJUNE8, 1988 158
(B) THE 1988 AMENDMENTS 161
(I) REFERENCE TO U.S. DECISIONS 162
(II) THE STATUTORY DEFINITION 163
(III) EXEMPTIONS FROM INFRINGEMENT 164
(C) PROTECTED TECHNOLOGY 164
(I) PROGRAMS 164
(II) THE "LOOK AND FEEL" OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM 165
(III) USER INTERFACES 165
(IV) VIDEO GAMES AND OTHER AUDIO-VISUAL WORKS 166
(V) THE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT TOPOGRAPHY ACT 167
CHAPTER8 DRAMATIC WORKS 169
1. DEFINITIONS
169
2. THE RIGHTS ASSOCIATED WITH A DRAMATIC WORK 170
3. HISTORY OF PROTECTION. .
171
4. FIXATION ^
TABLE OF CONTENTS XI
5. PUBLICATION 172
6. THE RIGHT TO PERFORM THE WORK IN PUBLIC 173
7. WHAT IS PROTECTED AS A DRAMATIC WORK 173
(A) DRAMATIC CHARACTER 173
(B) SPORTING EVENTS 174
(C) SCENIC EFFECTS 175
(D) COMIC BUSINESS 176
(E) FORMATS 177
(0 CHARACTERS 178
(G) PLOT OR PLAN OF A WORK 180
(H) PIECE FOR RECITATION 181
(I) CHOREOGRAPHIC WORKS 181
(J) MIME 182
(K) COMPILATIONS OF DRAMATIC WORKS 182
(1) SONGS AS A DRAMATIC WORK 183
(M) ADAPTATIONS 184
8. CINEMATOGRAPHIC WORKS 184
CHAPTER 9 MUSICAL WORKS 187
1. DEFINITIONS 187
2. THE RIGHTS ASSOCIATED WITH A MUSICAL WORK 188
3. HISTORY OF PROTECTION 188
4. FIXATION 190
5. PUBLICATION 190
6. THE RIGHT TO PERFORM THE WORK IN PUBLIC 190
7. ORIGINALITY 191
8. WHAT IS PROTECTED AS A MUSICAL WORK 192
(A) ADAPTATIONS AND ARRANGEMENTS 192
(B) SONGS 193
(C) COMPILATIONS 194
CHAPTER 10 ARTISTIC WORKS 197
1. DEFINITIONS 197
2. THE RIGHTS ASSOCIATED WITH AN ARTISTIC WORK 199
3. HISTORY OF PROTECTION 200
4. FIXATION 200
5. PUBLICATION 200
6. ORIGINALITY 201
7. ARTISTIC IDEAS OR CONCEPTIONS 202
8. ARTISTIC MERIT OR QUALITY 203
9. REPRODUCTION IN A DIFFERENT MEDIUM 205
10. DESIGNS APPLIED TO USEFUL ARTICLES 205
(A) INTRODUCTION 205
(B) DESIGNS CREATED BEFORE JUNE 8, 1988 206
(I) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 206
(II) NATURE OF DESIGNS 207
XII CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
(III) CAPABLE OF BEING REGISTERED 208
(IV) INTENDED TO BE USED AS MODEL 209
(V) MULTIPLICATION BY INDUSTRIAL PROCESS 209
(VI) AND/OR AND RULE 11(1)
209
(VII) CONCLUSION
21
(C) DESIGNS CREATED AFTER JUNE 8,1988
21
(I) DEFINITIONS
21
(II) EYE APPEALING FEATURES APPLIED TO USEFUL ARTICLES 211
(III) USEFUL ARTICLE FEATURES DICTATED BY UTILITARIAN FUNCTION 214
11. WHAT IS PROTECTED AS AN ARTISTIC WORK 215
(A) PAINTINGS AND DRAWINGS 215
(B) MAPS, CHARTS AND PLANS 216
(C) PHOTOGRAPHS 217
(D) ENGRAVINGS 219
(E) SCULPTURES 221
(0 WORKS OF ARTISTIC CRAFTSMANSHIP 221
(G) ARCHITECTURAL WORKS 222
(H) COMPILATIONS OF ARTISTIC WORKS 226
(I) INTEGRATED CIRCUIT TOPOGRAPHY ACT 227
CHAPTER 11 CINEMATOGRAPHIC WORKS 229
1. DEFINITIONS 229
2. CINEMATOGRAPHIC RIGHTS 230
3. HISTORY OF PROTECTION 231
4. FIXATION 233
5. PUBLICATION 233
6. ORIGINALITY 234
7. MAKER 234
8. TERM OF PROTECTION 235
9. WHAT IS PROTECTED AS A CINEMATOGRAPHIC WORK 236
(A) FILMS 236
(B) VIDEO TAPES 236
(C) COMPILATIONS 237
CHAPTER12 MORALRIGHTS 239
1. DEFINITIONS 239
2. NATURE OF THE RIGHT !.".".!I"""1!!"!!!!ZZZ"Z 240
(A) THE RIGHT TO THE INTEGRITY OF THE WORK 240
(B) THE RIGHT TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE WORK OR TO REMAIN ANONYMOUS .
242
(C) WORKSOF JOINT AUTHORSHIP 243
(D) TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS 244
3. INFRINGEMENT 244
4. ASSIGNMENT & WAIVER 246
5. HISTORY OF PROTECTION 248
6. CONSTITUTIONALITY 250
7. TERM OF PROTECTION . .
2
51
TABLE OF CONTENTS XIII
8. FALSE ATTRIBUTION OF WORKS TO AN AUTHOR 251
CHAPTER 13 PERFORMERS' RIGHTS 253
1. DEFINITIONS 253
2. THE PERFORMER 254
3. NATURE OF THE RIGHTS 256
(A) PERFORMERS'RIGHTS * CANADA OR ROME CONVENTION COUNTRIES 256
(I) THEACT 256
(II) WHERE THE PERFORMER'S PERFORMANCE IS NOT FIXED 257
(III) WHERE THE PERFORMER'S PERFORMANCE IS FIXED 257
(IV) LIMITATIONS OF THE RIGHT 258
(V) POINTS OF ATTACHMENT OR CONNECTING FACTORS 259
(VI) TERM OF PROTECTION 260
(VII) OWNERSHIP AND ASSIGNMENT OF RIGHTS 260
(B) PERFORMERS'RIGHTS * WTO COUNTRIES 260
(C) THE RIGHT TO EQUITABLE REMUNERATION 262
(I) THE NATURE OF THE RIGHT 262
(II) THE POINTS OF ATTACHMENT OR CONNECTING FACTORS 263
(III) THE AMOUNT OF THE ROYALTY 264
(D) PERFORMERS'RIGHTS AND RIGHTS UNDER PART I OF THE ACT 264
4. HISTORY OF PROTECTION 265
5. CONSTRRUNONALITY 267
6. FIXATION 267
CHAPTER 14 SOUND RECORDINGS 269
1. DEFINITIONS 269
2. NATURE OF THE RIGHTS 272
(A) PRIOR TO SEPTEMBER 1,1997 272
(B) AFTER SEPTEMBER 1, 1997 276
(I) COPYRIGHT IN SOUND RECORDINGS 276
(II) THE RIGHT TO EQUITABLE REMUNERATION 278
3. HISTORY OF PROTECTION 278
4. DISTINGUISHED FROM PERFORMING RIGHT 281
5. FIXATION 282
6. PUBLICATION 282
7. ORIGINALITY 282
8. MAKER 283
9. TERM OF PROTECTION 284
10. ASSIGNMENTS 284
CHAPTER 15 BROADCASTERS'RIGHTS 285
1. DEFINITIONS 285
2. HISTORY OF PROTECTION 286
3. THE NATURE OF THE RIGHT 288
(A) GENERAL 288
XIV CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
290
(B) FIXATION AND REPRODUCTION
(C) RETRANSMISSION BY ANOTHER BROADCASTER
29U
(D) TELEVISION COMMUNICATION SIGNALS
4. NATIONAL TREATMENT 291
5. OWNERSHIP 292
6 TERM OF PROTECTION
292
7. BROADCASTERS'EXCEPTIONS FROM INFRINGEMENT 292
CHAPTER 16 THE TERM OF COPYRIGHT 295
1. HISTORY
295
2. THE GENERAL TERM OF PROTECTION 296
3. ANONYMOUS AND PSEUDONYMOUS WORKS 297
4. POSTHUMOUS WORKS
298
5. WORKS OF JOINT AUTHORSHIP 299
6. PHOTOGRAPHS 301
7. CINEMATOGRAPHIC WORKS 302
8. CROWN COPYRIGHT 303
9. PERFORMERS' PERFORMANCES, SOUND RECORDINGS AND
COMMUNICATION SIGNALS 304
10. ABANDONMENT OF COPYRIGHT 305
CHAPTER 17 OWNERSHIP OF COPYRIGHT 311
1. AUTHORSHIP 312
(A) THE GENERAL PRINCIPLE 312
(B) THE MEANING OF THE TERM "AUTHOR" 312
(C) CORRECTIONS AND REVISIONS 317
(D) COMPUTER GENERATED WORKS 317
(E) COLLECTIVE WORKS 318
(F) COMPILATIONS 320
2. WORKS OF JOINT AUTHORSHIP 322
(A) DEFINITION 322
(B) DISTINGUISHED FROM COLLECTIVE WORKS 322
(C) COLLABORATION 322
(D) THE NATURE OF THE CONTRIBUTION 323
(E) THE NATURE OF JOINT AUTHORS'INTEREST 324
3. DIVISION OF OWNERSHIP ON ASSIGNMENT """"""!"". 324
4. SPECIAL CLASSES OF WORKS 325
(A) PHOTOGRAPHS 325
(I) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 325
(II) HISTORY 325
(III) THE AUTHOR OF A PHOTOGRAPH '.'.'.'. 326
(IV) PHOTOGRAPHS ORDERED FOR VALUABLE CONSIDERATION 327
(A) ORDER 328
(B) VALUABLE CONSIDERATION 329
(C) AGREEMENT TO THE CONTRARY 330
(V) CONTRACTS OF SERVICE 33J
TABLE OF CONTENTS XV
(B) CINEMATOGRAPHIC WORKS 331
(C) ENGRAVINGS 332
(I) SKETCHES AND DRAWINGS 333
(D) PORTRAITS 334
(E) SOUND RECORDINGS 334
(F) OTHER COMMISSIONED WORKS 335
5. CORPORATIONS 336
6. CONTRACTS OF SERVICE 337
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 337
(B) EMPLOYMENT UNDER A CONTRACT OF SERVICE OR APPRENTICESHIP 338
(I) THE CONTROL TEST 338
(II) THE ORGANIZATION OR INTEGRATION TEST 340
(III) THE ECONOMIC REALITY TEST 341
(C) THE WORK MUST BE MADE IN THE COURSE OF EMPLOYMENT 342
(D) ABSENCE OF AGREEMENT TO THE CONTRARY 343
(E) ARTICLES OR OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS TO A NEWSPAPER, MAGAZINE, OR SIMILAR
PERIODICAL 343
7. PRESUMPTIONS AS TO OWNERSHIP 343
CHAPTER 18 CROWN COPYRIGHT 345
1. STATUTORY PROVISIONS 345
2. DEFINITIONS 346
(A) THE CROWN AND HER MAJESTY 346
(B) "ANY GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT" 347
3. CROWN PREROGATIVE 347
(A) THE NATURE OF THE CONCEPT 347
(B) AUTHORIZED VERSIONS OF THE BIBLE 349
(C) STATUTES 351
(D) LAWREPORTS 352
(E) DURATION 353
4. CROWN IMMUNITY 353
5. CROWN COPYRIGHT 355
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 355
(B) "PREPARED OR PUBLISHED BY OR UNDER THE DIRECTION OR CONTROL." 356
(C) "OF HER MAJESTY OR ANY GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT" 356
(D) EMANATIONS OF THE CROWN 357
(E) SECTION 12 AND CROWN PREROGATIVE 360
(0 STATUTES 360
(G) LAWREPORTS 361
6. FEDERAL POLICY RELATING TO CROWN COPYRIGHT 362
7. ADDITIONAL RIGHTS 363
8. REFORM 363
CHAPTER 19 ASSIGNMENT, TRANSMISSION AND LICENCE 365
1. ASSIGNMENT 366
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 366
VI CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
(B) MUST BE IN WRITING ^68
(C) SUBJECT-MATTER ^69
(D) THE RIGHTS OF THE OWNER
370
(E) DIVISIBILITY OF COPYRIGHT
372
(I) "EITHER WHOLLY OR PARTIALLY" 372
(II) "SUBJECT TO LIMITATIONS RELATING TO TERRITORY, MEDIUM OR SECTOR OF
THE MARKET OR OTHER LIMITATIONS RELATING TO THE SCOPE OF THE
ASSIGNMENT"
374
(III) "EITHER FOR THE WHOLE TERM OF THE COPYRIGHT OR FOR ANY OTHER PART
THEREOF
374
(F) ASSIGNMENTOF FUTURE RIGHTS IN WORKS 374
(G) CONSTRUCTION 376
(H) ASSIGNMENTS AND THE TRANSFER OF POSSESSION OF PHYSICAL THINGS 378
(I) ASSIGNMENT OR LICENCE 379
(J) LIMITATION ON TERM OF ASSIGNMENT AFTER AUTHOR'S DEATH 382
2. DEVOLUTION 383
3. BANKRUPTCY 385
(A) THE PROPERTY OF THE BANKRUPT 385
(B) THE EFFECT OFBANKRUPTCY ON LICENCES 385
(C) PROPOSALS UNDER THE BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY ACT 386
(D) SPECIFIC RIGHTS UNDER THE BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY ACT 386
4. LICENCES 388
(A) PROPRIETARY LICENCES 388
(B) EXCLUSIVE LICENCES 390
(C) NON-PROPRIETARY LICENCES 390
(D) IMPLIED LICENCES 391
(E) ASSIGNMENT AND REVOCATION 392
5. PERFORMANCES, SOUND RECORDINGS AND COMMUNICATION
SIGNALS 393
6. REGISTRATION OF ASSIGNMENTS AND LICENCES 393
7. LICENCES BY OPERATION OF LAW 395
(A) AFTER DEATH OF AUTHOR 395
(B) OWNERS WHO CANNOT BE LOCATED 395
(C) FOR FAILURE TO REPUBLISH 396
(D) BOOKS 396
CHAPTER20 REGISTRATION OF COPYRIGHT 399
1. STATUTORY PROVISIONS 399
2. AUTOMATIC PROTECTION [[[[[][['.''.".''.'.'.'.'"'' 402
3. REGISTRATION ' '1'"''""!"^. 403
(A) ADMISSIBILITY OF COPIES 403
(B) CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION AS EVIDENCE 404
(C) CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION AS NOTICE 405
(D) NOTICE OF ASSIGNMENT OR LICENCE 406
(E) TO MODIFY THE PRESUMPTIONS CONTAINED IN THE ACT . 406
4. APPLICATIONS FOR REGISTRATION
406
5. RECTIFICATION OF THE REGISTER "]]
4O
G
TABLE OF CONTENTS XVII
(A) JURISDICTION 408
(B) "ANY INTERESTED PERSON" 410
CHAPTER21 INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT 411
1. GENERAL 412
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 412
(B) THECONCEPT 413
(C) INNOCENT INFRINGEMENT 414
(D) IDEAS 415
(E) CONSENT OR LICENCE 417
(F) THE RIGHT TO REPAIR 418
2. THE RIGHT TO PRODUCE OR REPRODUCE A WORK 420
(A) NATURE OF THE RIGHT 420
(B) INFRINGEMENT OF THE RIGHT TO PRODUCE OR REPRODUCE 422
(C) PRODUCING OR REPRODUCING A SUBSTANTIAL PART OF A WORK 423
(I) THE QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF THE MATERIAL TAKEN 425
(II) ADVERSE ECONOMIC IMPACT 426
(D) COLOURABLE IMITATION 428
(E) INDIRECT REPRODUCTION 429
(F) UNCONSCIOUS REPRODUCTION 432
(G) BURLESQUE OR PARODY 434
(H) ABRIDGEMENTS 436
3. LITERARY WORKS AND COMPILATIONS 437
(A) GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 437
(B) FAIR USE OF EARLIER WORKS 439
(C) USE OF MATERIAL FROM PREVIOUS WORKS 439
(D) COMMON SOURCES 443
(E) EXPLANATION OF SIMILARITIES 446
(F) ANTHOLOGIES 448
(G) COMPUTER PROGRAMS 449
(I) GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 449
(II) THE AMERICAN APPROACH 451
(III) UNITED KINGDOM CASES 454
(IV) CANADIAN CASES 455
(V) CONCLUSION 457
(VI) RELATED COMPUTER ISSUES 458
(A) READING OF A PROGRAM INTO THE MEMORY OF A COMPUTER 458
(B) BROWSING 460
(C) THE REVERSE ENGINEERING OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM 461
4. DRAMATIC WORKS 462
(A) GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 462
(B) USE OF COMMON STOCK INCIDENTS 464
5. MUSICAL WORKS 465
(A) GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 465
(B) PRODUCING OR REPRODUCING A SUBSTANTIAL PART OF THE WORK 466
(C) ARRANGEMENTS AND ADAPTATIONS 468
(D) COMMON SOURCES 468
XVIII CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
6. ARTISTIC WORKS
469
(A) GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
4
^
(B) REPRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT MEDIA 471
(C) PRODUCING OR REPRODUCING A SUBSTANTIAL PART OF THE WORK 473
7. THE RIGHT TO PERFORM THE WORK IN PUBLIC 476
(A) THE NATURE OF THE RIGHT
476
(B) TO PERFORM
477
(C) INPUBLIC
479
8. UNAUTHORIZED PUBLICATION OF UNPUBLISHED WORKS 488
9. THE RIGHT TO TRANSLATE A WORK 488
10. THE RIGHT TO CONVERT A DRAMATIC WORK 489
11. THE RIGHT TO CONVERT A NON-DRAMATIC WORK 489
12. THE RIGHT TO MAKE RECORDINGS 490
13. THE RIGHT TO PRESENT A WORK AS A CINEMATOGRAPHIC
WORK 492
14. THE RIGHT TO COMMUNICATE A WORK TO THE PUBLIC BY
TELECOMMUNICATION 493
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 493
(B) THE NATURE OF THE RIGHT 495
(I) HISTORY 495
(II) RELATION TO THE RIGHT TO PERFORM 496
(III) MEANING OF "TO THE PUBLIC" 497
(IV) COMMON CARRIERS, NETWORKS AND PROGRAMMING UNDERTAKINGS . 498
(V) RE-TRANSMISSION 499
(VI) FIXATION 499
(VII) PLACE OF INFRINGEMENT 499
(VIII) COMMUNICATION OF MUSICAL WORKS TO THE PUBLIC BY
TELECOMMUNICATION ON THE INTERNET 501
15. THE RIGHT TO PRESENT AN ARTISTIC WORK IN PUBLIC 505
16. THE RIGHT TO RENT COMPUTER PROGRAMS 506
(A) THE NATURE OF THE RIGHT 506
(B) THE EXTENT OF THE RIGHT 507
(C) COMMERCIAL RENTALS 507
17. THE RIGHT TO RENT SOUND RECORDINGS OF MUSICAL WORKS . 508
18. PERFORMERS' PERFORMANCES, SOUND RECORDINGS AND
COMMUNICATION SIGNALS 508
19. AUTHORIZING INFRINGEMENT \ . 508
(A) GENERAL 5
O
G
(B) HISTORY 5O9
(C) MEANING OF "TO AUTHORIZE" 510
20. INFRINGEMENT BY AGENTS, EMPLOYEES AND INDEPENDENT
CONTRACTORS
515
CHAPTER22 SECONDARY INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT 519
1. STATUTORY PROVISIONS
519
2. SECONDARY INFRINGEMENT ."".^."."" 522
(A) THE GENERA! PROHIBITION 522
TABLE OF CONTENTS XIX
(B) THE PROSCRIBED ACTIVITY MUST TAKE PLACE IN CANADA 523
(C) KNOWLEDGE OF INFRINGEMENT 524
(D) "IF IT HAD BEEN MADE IN CANADA BY THE PERSON WHO MADE IT" 526
(E) SALE OR RENTAL OF INFRINGING WORKS 526
(F) DISTRIBUTION TO SUCH AN EXTENT AS TO AFFECT PREJUDICIALLY THE OWNER
OF
THE COPYRIGHT 528
(G) BY WAY OF TRADE DISTRIBUTE, EXPOSE OR OFFER FOR SALE OR RENTAL, OR
EXHIBIT IN PUBLIC 528
(H) POSSESSION OF INFRINGING WORKS 529
(I) IMPORTATION OF INFRINGING WORKS 530
(]) PLATES SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED OR ADAPTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF MAKING
INFRINGING COPIES 531
3. PERMITTING INFRINGING PERFORMANCES IN THEATRES 532
(A) THE NATURE OF THE RIGHT 532
(B) "TOPERMIT" 532
(C) "FOR PROFIT" 534
(D) NO REASONABLE GROUND FOR SUSPECTING INFRINGEMENT 535
(E) "THEATRE OR OTHER PLACE OF ENTERTAINMENT" 537
4. PARALLEL IMPORTATION OF BOOKS 538
(A) INTRODUCTION 538
(B) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 539
(C) EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTOR 540
(D) REMEDIES 541
(D) TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS 542
CHAPTER23 EXCEPTIONS 545
1. INTRODUCTION 546
2. FAIRDEALING 549
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 549
(B) THE MEANING OF "FAIR DEALING" 549
(C) FAIR DEALING FOR THE PURPOSE OF RESEARCH OR PRIVATE STUDY 552
(D) FAIR DEALING FOR THE PURPOSE OF CRITICISM OR REVIEW 553
(E) FAIR DEALING FOR THE PURPOSE OF NEWS REPORTING 554
3. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 555
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 555
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTIONS 558
(C) LITERARY COLLECTIONS 560
4. LIBRARIES, ARCHIVES AND MUSEUMS 560
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 560
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTIONS 564
5. MACHINES INSTALLED IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS,
LIBRARIES, ARCHIVES AND MUSEUMS 566
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 566
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTION 567
6. COMPUTER PROGRAMS 569
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 569
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTION 569
XX CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
7. THE INCIDENTAL INCLUSION OF A WORK IN ANOTHER WORK . 570
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 570
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTION
57
8. EPHEMERAL RECORDINGS
571
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 571
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTION 572
9. PRE-RECORDED RECORDINGS
573
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 573
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTION 574
10. RETRANSMISSION
575
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 575
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTION 576
11. PERSONS WITH PERCEPTUAL DISABILITIES 576
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 576
(B) THE ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO THE EXCEPTION 577
12. STATUTORY OBLIGATIONS 578
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 578
13. MISCELLANEOUS 578
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 578
(B) ARTISTIC WORKS 580
(C) ARCHITECTURAL WORKS AND SCULPTURES OR WORKS OF ARTISTIC
CRAFTSMANSHIP SITUATED IN PUBLIC PLACES 580
(D) NEWSPAPER REPORT OF PUBLIC LECTURE 581
(E) PUBLIC RECITATION OF EXTRACTS 581
(F) REPORT OF AN ADDRESS OF A POLITICAL NATURE GIVEN AT A PUBLIC MEETING
. 582
(G) PERFORMANCE AT AGRICULTURAL FAIRS 582
(H) PERFORMANCE BY RELIGIOUS, EDUCATIONAL, CHARITABLE OR FRATERNAL
BODIES 583
(I) EQUITABLE REMUNERATION 585
14. CANADIAN CHARTER OF RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS 585
CHAPTER 24 CIVIL REMEDIES FOR INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT 587
1. STATUTORY PROVISIONS 589
2. INTRODUCTION ." 589
3. JURISDICTION '". 590
4. LIMITATION PERIOD FOR CIVIL REMEDIES 592
5. PARTIES 593
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 593
(B) THE OWNER OF COPYRIGHT 595
(C) WORKS OF JOINT AUTHORSHIP 595
(D) THE AUTHOR 595
(E) PERSONS DERIVING RIGHTS FROM THE OWNER 597
(I) PROPRIETARY LICENCES 597
(II) ASSIGNEES 59G
(F) POTENTIAL DEFENDANTS "" 599
(G) DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS .". 602
(I) IMPOSITION OF LIABILITY 6O2
TABLE OF CONTENTS XXI
(II) MATTERS CONSIDERED BY THE COURTS 605
(A) THE SIZE OF THE CORPORATION AND THE DIRECTOR'S ROLE 605
(B) THE TYPE OF INFRINGEMENT ALLEGED 606
(C) OTHER FACTORS CONSIDERED 606
(III) PLEADINGS 607
(H) JOINDER 608
6. PLEADINGS 609
(A) NOTICE OF INFRINGEMENT OR DEMAND 609
(B) STATEMENT OF CLAIM 609
(C) STATEMENT OF DEFENCE 611
(I) GENERAL 611
(II) IGNORANCE OR GOOD FAITH 611
(III) BREACH OF THE COMPETITION ACT 614
(D) PARTICULARS 617
7. INTERLOCUTORY INJUNCTIONS 618
(A) GENERAL 618
(B) DISCRETIONARY REMEDY 619
(C) THE THRESHOLD TEST 619
(D) A SERIOUS QUESTION TO BE TRIED 621
(E) IRREPARABLE HARM, BALANCE OF CONVENIENCE AND THE STATUS QUO 621
(I) IRREPARABLE HARM 622
(F) DELAY 623
(G) CLEAR VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT 623
8. ANTON PILLER ORDERS 624
(A) GENERAL 624
(B) AN EXTREMELY STRONG PRIMA FACIE CASE 626
(C) IRREPARABLE POTENTIAL OR ACTUAL DAMAGE 626
(D) CLEAR EVIDENCE OF POSSESSION OF INCRIMINATING MATERIAL AND POTENTIAL
DESTRUCTION 626
(E) FULL AND FRANK DISCLOSURE 627
(0 THE TERMS OF THE ORDER 629
(G) EXECUTING THE ORDER 630
(H) SELF-INCRIMINATION 633
(I) SOLICITOR-CLIENT PRIVILEGE 635
(J) CONTEMPT 635
(K) SETTING ASIDE THE ORDER 636
(1) DAMAGES PURSUANT TO THE PLAINTIFFS UNDERTAKING 637
9. SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS 637
(A) MOTIONS FOR SUMMARY JUDGEMENT 637
(B) SUMMARY APPLICATIONS 637
10. DISCOVERY 638
11. EVIDENCE AT TRIAL 638
(A) GENERAL 638
(B) EVIDENCE OF COPYING 639
(C) SIMILARITIES, ERRORS AND OMISSIONS 639
(D) EXPERT EVIDENCE 641
(E) CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION AS EVIDENCE 642
(F) PRODUCTION AND INSPECTION AT TRIAL 643
XXII CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
12. PRESUMPTIONS
644
(A) GENERAL
644
(B) SUBSISTENCE OF COPYRIGHT O
44
(C) OWNERSHIP OF COPYRIGHT 645
(D) AUTHOR, PERFORMER, MAKER OR BROADCASTER 645
12. PERMANENT INJUNCTION 646
(A) GENERAL
646
(B) ENTITLEMENT 646
(C) DELAY OR ACQUIESCENCE 648
(D) PARTIAL INFRINGEMENT 649
(E) IMMORAL OR ILLEGAL WORKS 649
(F) THE CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING OR OTHER STRUCTURE 650
(G) NON-PARTIES 650
(H) WIDE INJUNCTION 651
(I) BREACH OF INJUNCTION 652
14. DECLARATORY RELIEF 653
15. DAMAGES 654
(A) GENERAL 654
(B) GENERAL PRINCIPLES 654
(C) NOMINAL DAMAGES 657
(D) PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES 658
16. STATUTORY DAMAGES 659
(A) GENERAL 659
(B) THEELECTION 660
(C) "ONE WORK OR OTHER SUBJECT-MATTER" 660
(D) THE AMOUNT OF STATUTORY DAMAGES 660
(E) EXCEPTIONS 662
(F) LIMITATION ON AWARDS AGAINST EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, LIBRARIES AND
OTHERS 662
(G) TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS 663
17. ACCOUNT OF PROFITS 663
18. RECOVERY OF POSSESSION 665
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 665
(B) HISTORY 666
(C) RECOVERY OF POSSESSION 667
(D) DISPOSITION OF RECOVERED COPIES AND PLATES 668
19. DELIVERY UP 668
20. COSTS '.'.'.'.'.'." 670
21. SEIZURE OF IMPORTED COPIES .R."!."'." 670
(A) SECTION44 670
(B) REVISED PROCEDURES 671
(I) HISTORY
671
(II) WORKS
672
(III) IMPORTATION OF BOOKS 672
(IV) OTHER SUBJECT-MATTER 673
(V) PROCEDURAL MATTERS 673
(VI) EXCEPTIONS 675
TABLE OF CONTENTS XXIII
CHAPTER 25 CRIMINAL REMEDIES FOR INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT . 677
1. STATUTORY PROVISIONS 677
2. GENERAL 679
(A) HISTORY 679
(B) INTENTIONAL ELEMENT 680
(C) INFRINGING COPIES 682
(D) PERFORM IN PUBLIC 683
3. SECTION 42 OFFENCES 683
(A) THE PROSCRIBED ACTIVITIES 683
(B) EVIDENCE AT TRIAL 685
(C) PENALTIES 687
(D) DESTRUCTION OR DELIVERY UP 687
4. SECTION 43 OFFENCES 687
(A) PERFORMANCE OF A DRAMATIC OR OPERATIC WORK OR MUSICAL
COMPOSITION 687
(B) IMPROPER ALTERATIONS IN A DRAMATIC OR OPERATIC WORK OR MUSICAL
COMPOSITION 688
5. CRIMINALCODE 689
CHAPTER 26 THE COPYRIGHT BOARD 691
1. HISTORY 691
2. JURISDICTION 693
(A) PERFORMING RIGHTS AND THE COMMUNICATION TO THE PUBLIC BY
TELECOMMUNICATION 693
(B) RETRANSMITTERS AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 694
(C) COPYRIGHT UNDER SECTIONS 3, 15, 18 AND 21 694
(D) PRIVATE COPYING 696
(E) OWNERS OF COPYRIGHT WHO CANNOT BE FOUND 697
(F) COMPENSATION FOR ACTS DONE BEFORE RECOGNITION OF COPYRIGHT 697
(G) RADIO PERFORMANCES IN PLACES OTHER THAN THEATRES 698
3. THE MAKE UP OF THE COPYRIGHT BOARD 698
4. THE POWERS OF THE COPYRIGHT BOARD 699
5. JUDICIAL REVIEW 703
6. THE STATUS OF THE ARTIST ACT 703
CHAPTER 27 COLLECTIVE ADMINISTRATION OF PERFORMING RIGHTS AND
OF COMMUNICATION RIGHTS 707
1. HISTORY 707
2. SOCAN 709
3. STATUTORY DEFINITIONS 710
4. FILING OF PROPOSED TARIFFS 711
5. CONSIDERATION AND APPROVAL OF PROPOSED TARIFFS 712
(A) GENERALLY 712
XXIV CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
(B) EQUITABLE REMUNERATION FOR PERFORMERS AND MAKERS OF SOUND
RECORDINGS
7
6 THE EFFECT OF FIXING ROYALTIES
715
7. RADIO PERFORMANCES IN PLACES OTHER THAN THEATRES 716
(A) HISTORY
7L6
(B) THEEXCEPTION
/1/
(C) THE AMOUNT OF THE ROYALTIES 719
CHAPTER 28 COLLECTIVE ADMINISTRATION IN RELATION TO RIGHTS
UNDER SECTIONS 3,15,18 AND 21 721
1. HISTORY
721
2. DEFINITIONS
722
3. CURRENT SECTION 70.1 COLLECTIVE SOCIETIES 723
4. ARBITRATION 724
5. FILING OF PROPOSED TARIFFS 725
6. EXAMINATION OF AGREEMENTS 725
CHAPTER 29 ROYALTIES IN PARTICULAR CASES 727
1. HISTORY 727
2. DEFINITIONS 728
3. CURRENT SECTION 71 COLLECTIVE SOCIETIES 730
4. FILING OF PROPOSED TARIFFS 730
5. CLAIMS BY NON-MEMBERS 731
CHAPTER30 INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT 733
1. INTRODUCTION 734
2. THE BERNE CONVENTION 736
3. PROTECTION OF FOREIGN WORKS IN CANADA PRIOR TO 1924 737
4. PROTECTION OF BRITISH DOMINION WORKS IN CANADA 738
(A) PRIORTO 1924 738
(B) SUBSEQUENTTO 1924 739
5. THE PARIS REVISION OF THE BERNE CONVENTION 739
(A) THE BERNE UNION 740
(B) THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES 741
(I) NATIONAL TREATMENT 741
(II) AUTOMATIC AND INDEPENDENT PROTECTION 741
(C) COUNTRY OF ORIGIN 742
(D) PROTECTED WORKS 742
(E) CONNECTING FACTORS OR POINTS OF ATTACHMENT 743
(F) PUBLICATION 744
(G) TERM OF PROTECTION 744
(H) MORAL RIGHTS 745
(I) ECONOMIC RIGHTS 745
(J) DISPUTES AND REPRISALS 745
(K) THE STOCKHOLM PROTOCOL AND THE PARIS APPENDIX 747
TABLE OF CONTENTS XXV
(1) FUTURE AMENDMENTS 747
(M) MEMBERS OF THE UNION 749
6. THE UNIVERSAL COPYRIGHT CONVENTION 759
(A) HISTORY 759
(B) GENERAL PRINCIPLES 759
(C) FORMALITIES 760
(D) TERM OF PROTECTION 760
(E) TRANSLATIONS 761
(0 CANADA'S RATIFICATION 761
(G) CONTRACTING STATES 761
7. THE ROME CONVENTION 765
(A) HISTORY 765
(B) THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE 766
(C) THE SAFEGUARD ARTICLE 767
(D) MINIMUM PROTECTION FOR PERFORMERS 767
(E) REPRODUCTION RIGHT OF PRODUCERS OF PHONOGRAMS 768
(F) EQUITABLE REMUNERATION 769
(G) MINIMUM PROTECTION FOR BROADCASTING ORGANIZATIONS 769
(H) EXCEPTIONS 770
(I) MINIMUM TERM OF PROTECTION 770
(J) CONTRACTING STATES 771
8. THE GENEVA CONVENTION 774
(A) HISTORY 774
(B) THE BASIC PROTECTION 775
(C) IMPLEMENTATION 775
(D) MINIMUM TERM OF PROTECTION 775
(E) FORMALITIES 776
(F) EXCEPTIONS 776
(G) CONTRACTING STATES 776
9. THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT 779
(A) HISTORY 779
(B) NATIONAL TREATMENT 780
(C) THE BASIC PROTECTION 780
(D) TERM OF PROTECTION 780
(E) SOUND RECORDINGS 781
(F) ENFORCEMENT OF RIGHTS 781
(G) THE CULTURAL INDUSTRIES EXEMPTION *. 781
(H) DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROVISIONS 782
10. TRIPS 782
(A) HISTORY 782
(B) NATIONAL TREATMENT 783
(C) THE BASIC PROTECTION 784
(D) PROTECTION OF PERFORMERS, PRODUCERS OF PHONOGRAMS AND BROADCASTING
ORGANIZATIONS 784
(E) DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROVISIONS 785
(F) THE CONTRACTING STATES 785
11. IMPLEMENTATION OF CONVENTION OBLIGATIONS 791
12 INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE CANADIAN COPYRIGHT ACT. 793
XXVI CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
793
(A) ACQUISITION OF COPYRIGHT '~
(B) PROTECTION OF WORKS ON ADHERENCE
194
(C) EXTENSION OF THE ACT TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES
795
(D) WORKS OF JOINT AUTHORSHIP
796
(E) PHOTOGRAPHS
796
(F) PERFORMERS'RIGHTS
/YO
(G) SOUND RECORDINGS
798
(H) THE RIGHT TO EQUITABLE REMUNERATION
7
"
(I) RIGHTS OF BROADCASTERS
80
(J) RECIPROCITY
80
CHAPTER31 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN 803
1. HISTORY
;
804
(A) THE UNITED KINGDOM 804
(B) CANADA 805
2. SUBJECT-MATTER 806
(A) DEFINITION OF DESIGN 806
(B) SHAPE AND CONFIGURATION 807
(C) PATTERN OR ORNAMENT 808
(D) FINISHED ARTICLE 809
(E) APPEAL TO AND JUDGED SOLELY BY THE EYE 810
(F) FEATURES APPLIED TO A USEFUL ARTICLE DICTATED SOLELY BY UTILITARIAN
FUNCTION 811
(G) METHOD OR PRINCIPLE OF MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION 812
(H) COLOUR 812
(I) SETSANDKITS 813
(J) INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 814
(I) COPYRIGHT 814
(II) PATENTS 815
(III) TRADEMARKS 815
3. ORIGINALITY 816
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 816
(B) THE NATURE OF THE CONCEPT 816
(C) TIME OF ASSESSMENT 819
(D) COMBINATIONS 819
(E) TRADE VARIANTS 820
(F) ORIGINALITY IS QUESTION OF FACT AND EVIDENCE 821
4. PUBLICATION 822
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 822
(B) THE MEANING OF PUBLICATION 822
5. MARKING \.Z\[[.".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 825
(A) DESIGNS REGISTERED AFTER JUNE 9,1993 825
(B) DESIGNS REGISTERED BEFORE JUNE 9,1993 826
(I) GENERAL 826
(II) REMOVAL OR OBLITERATION OF MARKING 826
(III) THE EFFECT OF FAILURE TO MARK 827
6. APPLICATION AND REGISTRATION 827
TABLE OF CONTENTS XXVII
(A) APPLICATIONS 827
(B) PROTECTION OF SEPARATE FEATURES 829
(C) REGISTRATION 830
7. THE PROPRIETOR 831
(A) STATUTORY PROVISION 831
(B) AUTHOR 832
(C) DESIGNS EXECUTED FOR CONSIDERATION 832
8. TRANSMISSION 833
(A) ASSIGNMENT AND LICENCE 833
(B) NECESSITY FOR REGISTRATION 834
9. TERM 834
(A) DESIGNS REGISTERED BEFORE JANUARY 1, 1994 834
(B) DESIGNS REGISTERED AFTER JANUARY 1,1994 834
10. AMENDMENT OF THE REGISTER 835
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 835
(B) EXPUNGEMENT 835
(I) JURISDICTION 835
(II) "PERSON AGGRIEVED" 836
(III) "WITHOUT SUFFICIENT CAUSE" 836
(IV) BURDENOFPROOF 837
11. INFRINGEMENT 837
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 837
(B) THE ACTIVITIES 838
(C) THE ARTICLE IN RESPECT OF WHICH THE DESIGN IS REGISTERED 839
(D) WHETHER A DESIGN NOT DIFFERING SUBSTANTIALLY FROM THE DESIGN HAS
BEEN APPLIED 840
(E) INTENTION 843
(F) INFRINGEMENT IS QUESTION OF FACT AND EVIDENCE 843
12. THE ACTION FOR INFRINGEMENT 843
(A) JURISDICTION 843
(B) BURDENOFPROOF 844
(C) LIMITATION PERIOD 844
(D) EVIDENCE 844
(E) POWER OF THE COURT TO GRANT RELIEF 844
(I) INJUNCTION 845
(II) MEASURE OF DAMAGES 846
(III) DELIVERY UP 847
(F) DEFENCES 847
(G) INVALIDITY 848
(H) PARTICULARS 848
(I) COSTS 849
13. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 849
14. OFFENCES AND PENALTIES 849
CHAPTER32 BREACH OF CONFIDENCE 851
1. COPYRIGHT, PHYSICAL OWNERSHIP AND BREACH OF
CONFIDENCE 852
XXV111
CANADIAN LAW OF COPYRIGHT
2 THE DOCTRINAL FOUNDATION OF BREACH OF CONFIDENCE 853
3! THE RELATIONSHIP OF BREACH OF CONFIDENCE AND
FIDUCIARY DUTY
855
4 COPYRIGHT AND BREACH OF CONFIDENCE DISTINGUISHED 856
5. BREACH OF CONFIDENCE MAY BE A WIDER RIGHT THAN
COPYRIGHT
858
6. THE ELEMENTS OF THE CAUSE OF ACTION 859
7 CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 860
8. CIRCUMSTANCES IMPARTING AN OBLIGATION OF
CONFIDENCE
864
(A) EXPRESS CONTRACT 864
(B) IMPLIED CONTRACTUAL TERM 864
(C) EXISTING OR ANTICIPATED RELATIONSHIPS 865
9. UNAUTHORIZED DETRIMENTAL USE OF THE INFORMATION 867
10. THIRD PARTY RECIPIENTS 868
11. EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPS 871
(A) DURING EMPLOYMENT 872
(B) POST EMPLOYMENT 873
(I) THE NATURE OF THE OBLIGATION 873
(II) WHAT IS A TRADE SECRET 874
(III) COMPARISON TO PATENTS AND COPYRIGHT 877
(IV) THE EMPLOYEE'S GENERAL SKILL AND KNOWLEDGE 878
(V) THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN USE AND COMMUNICATION 880
(VI) RESTRAINT OF TRADE 880
(C) FIDUCIARY DUTY 882
12. THE DEFENCE OF JUST CAUSE FOR DISCLOSURE 884
13. REMEDIES 885
(A) INTERLOCUTORY INJUNCTIONS 886
(B) INJUNCTIONS AT TRIAL 887
(C) DAMAGES 889
(D) ACCOUNT OF PROFITS 894
(E) DESTRUCTION UNDER OATH OR DELIVERY UP 895
(F) CONSTRUCTIVE TRUST 896
14. CONFIDENTIALITY IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS .' 897
(A) CONFIDENTIALITY ORDERS 897
(B) EXCLUSION OF THE PUBLIC 898
CHAPTER 33 WORKS IN EXISTENCE PRIOR TO JANUARY 1,1924 899
1. STATUTORY PROVISIONS 900
2. THE SUBSTITUTED RIGHT
901
3. COPYRIGHT BEFORE ACT OF 1921
\.\.[.\[\'.'.'.'.'.'.'.''.\".'.I'.'.".'.! 901
(A) UNPUBLISHED WORKS 992
(B) LITERARY WORKS 9Q5
(I) CANADIAN ACTOF 1906 995
(II) THE BRITISH COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1842 906
(C) COLLECTIVE WORKS
9O8
(D) LECTURES PJJ
TABLE OF CONTENTS XXIX
(E) DRAMATIC WORKS 911
(I) PROTECTION AS LITERARY WORKS 911
(II) THE BRITISH DRAMATIC COPYRIGHT ACT, 1833 912
(III) EXISTING RIGHTS 912
(F) MUSICALWORKS 913
(I) PROTECTION AS LITERARY WORKS 913
(II) THE PERFORMING RIGHT 913
(G) ARTISTIC WORKS 915
(I) PROTECTION AS UNPUBLISHED WORKS 915
(II) STATUTORY COPYRIGHT 915
(III) ENGRAVINGS AND PHOTOGRAPHS 915
(IV) EXISTING RIGHTS 916
(H) ARCHITECTURAL WORKS 916
(I) MECHANICAL CONTRIVANCES 916
(J) MISCELLANEOUS WORKS 917
4. EFFECT OF THE ACT OF 1921 918
(A) WHO IS ENTITLED TO SUBSTITUTED RIGHT 918
(B) THE APPLICATION OFTHE ACT OF 1921 918
(C) MUST BE EXISTING RIGHT IN CANADA 919
(D) EXTENSION OF TERM AND SCOPE OF COPYRIGHT 921
5. ASSIGNED RIGHTS 922
(A) STATUTORY PROVISIONS 922
(B) THE RIGHTS OF ASSIGNEES 924
(C) MECHANICAL CONTRIVANCES 924
(D) COLLECTIVE WORKS 925
(E) PUBLICATION IN SEPARATE FORM 925
6. SUBSISTING AND VALUABLE RIGHTS OR INTERESTS 926
(A) SUBSECTION 42(3) OF THE ACT 926
(B) RIGHTS OR INTERESTS 927
(C) SUBSISTING AND VALUABLE 929
CHAPTER 34 DELIVERY OF COPIES OF BOOKS TO THE NATIONAL LIBRARIAN
931
1. HISTORY 931
2. THE REQUIRED DEPOSIT 931
3. THEOFFENCE 933
INDEX 935 |
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| author | McKeown, John S. |
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| edition | 3. ed. |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:05:40Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:36:18Z |
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| isbn | 045926009X |
| language | English |
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| title_exact_search_txtP | Fox on Canadian law of copyright and industrial designs |
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| title_fullStr | Fox on Canadian law of copyright and industrial designs John S. McKeown |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fox on Canadian law of copyright and industrial designs John S. McKeown |
| title_short | Fox on Canadian law of copyright and industrial designs |
| title_sort | fox on canadian law of copyright and industrial designs |
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