Poverty orientated agricultural and rural development:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Routledge
2007
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| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Routledge studies in development and society
12 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXVII, 342 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780415368537 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135144536145920 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Illustrations xiii
Preface xix
Abbreviations xxiii
Part A
Approaches to poverty reduction through
agricultural development
Introduction 5
Summary 7
Parti
Background to the problem: world food question 18
1 Overview 18
2 Demand 19
2.1 Population growth 19
2.2 Per capita income 21
2.3 Income elasticity of demand 21
2.4 Forecast of demand 21
3 Supply 22
3.1 Available arable land 22
3.2 Soil fertility in the tropics 22
3.3 Soil erosion 25
3.4 Land development on balance 26
3.5 Increase in yields and production forecast 27
4 Main development problem of the world food issue:
poverty, hunger, undernourishment and malnutrition 30
vi Contents
4.1 Incidence of undernourishment 30
4.2 Disposable income, food consumption,
undernourishment 31
5 Relevance of food prices to poverty 32
5.1 Reference level: domestic market 32
5.2 Reference level: world market 34
Part II
Motive for the study: new urban bias in development
cooperation 37
6 Neglect of the agricultural sector in development
cooperation 37
6.1 The causes 39
6.2 Agricultural policy distortions: industrialized
countries, world markets, developing countries 45
7 Neglect of agriculture in the sub Saharan African
countries 57
Part III
Poverty reduction in the conceptual experience of
agricultural development 60
8 Role of agriculture in the early industrial phase of
economic development 60
8.1 Excursus towards an understanding of the
subject matter 60
8.2 Agricultural contributions to economic development 63
8.3 Factor proportions theorem of agricultural development 66
9 Agricultural policy conceptions 1955 2000 69
9.1 Community development (1955 65) 69
9.2 Green revolution (1965 75) 71
9.3 Integrated rural development (1975 85) 79
9.4 Structural adjustment programmes (1985 95) 81
9.5 Sector investment programmes and capacity building
(1995 present) 83
9.6 A brief review of socio political problems in
decentralized rural development 86
Contents vii
Part IV
Economic growth, agricultural development, poverty reduction 88
10 Economic and agricultural growth 89
10.1 Linkage through mutual demand 89
10.2 Urbanization 92
11 Driving forces behind agricultural growth 94
11.1 Empirical evidence at sectoral level 94
11.2 Microeconomic analysis and innovations 97
12 Growth and poverty reduction 101
12.1 Economic growth and poverty reduction 102
12.2 Agricultural development and poverty reduction 105
13 The problems posed by poverty oriented agricultural policy 111
13.1 Price, market and trade policy 112
13.1.1 Agricultural prices and wages 114
13.1.2 Transport costs and market segmentation 117
13.2 Innovation policy 119
13.3 Land reform 122
13.3.1 Social and economic incentives for land reform 123
13.3.2 Sy stematics of reform projects 126
13.3.3 Land reforms in the twentieth century 127
13.3.4 Implementation difficulties and preconditions
for success 127
13.3.5 Successes without land ownership being changed 129
13.3.6 Land reforms in Southern Africa 129
Part V
Conclusions and recommendations 131
14 Conclusions 131
15 Recommendations 133
Notes 135
Bibliography 138
Appendix 149
viii Contents
PartB
Institutional and organizational ways for
rural communities of sub Saharan Africa
to reduce poverty
Introduction 179
Summary 182
Parti
Global framework for sustainable and poverty reducing
agricultural and rural development 190
1 Agenda 21 190
1.1 Sustainable agricultural and rural development 190
1.2 Sustainable development of local communities 193
2 World food summit plan of action 194
2.1 Objectives 194
2.2 Framework for action 195
3 UN Convention to combat desertification 197
3.1 Evolution 197
3.2 Provisions of the convention 198
3.3 Regional implementation in Africa 199
4 UN Millennium Declaration and poverty reduction
strategies 200
4.1 UN Millennium Declaration 200
4.2 Poverty reduction strategy of the IMF and
World Bank 201
4.3 New World Bank strategy for reducing rural
poverty 203
5 Effects of, difficulties with the implementation of and
lessons to be learnt from the structural adjustment
programmes 207
5.1 Effects 207
5.2 Implementation difficulties 208
5.3 Lessons 209
Contents he
Part II
Realistic problem solving approaches 211
6 Requirements to be met by development cooperation 211
7 Focusing on key areas of development policy 212
8 Sequencing of development steps 214
9 Jettisoning of ballast inherent in development
cooperation 216
10 Pooling human and financial resources and setting
priorities 217
11 Donor coordination and international division of labour 219
12 Performance of multifunctional agricultural and rural
development tasks through decentralization 223
12.1 Rural development as a cross section task 223
12.2 Rural development as a joint task 225
12.3 Rural development as a national task 227
Part III
Importance for development policy of, preconditions for
and effects of decentralization 229
13 Decentralization as a recurrent challenge to development
policy 229
14 Importance for broad based socio economic development 232
15 Effects on and risks for development policy 234
16 Importance of fiscal decentralization for development 237
17 Opportunities for development cooperation to promote
decentralization 240
Part IV
Decentralization and development cooperation priorities 242
18 Cooperation between the private and public sectors 242
18.1 Functionality and efficiency 242
18.2 Dysfunctional ities and weaknesses 243
18.3 Problem solving approaches 245
19 Integration of intersectoral programmes into poverty
reduction strategies 247
19.1 National government tasks (The case of Zambia) 248
x Contents
19.2 Local government tasks 251
19.2.1 Integration into the state as a whole (The case
of South Africa) 251
19.2.2 Planning the development of local government
(The case of South Africa) 254
19.2.3 Steering local development (The case of Zimbabwe) 255
19.3 Requirements and opportunities for private sector
development 258
19.3.1 Requirements and starting conditions 258
19.3.2 Obstacles to private sector development 261
19.3.3 Overcoming the obstacles: examples from Malawi,
Zambia and Zimbabwe 262
19.3.4 Local government s role in local economic
development 263
19.4 Local implementation of Agenda 21 (The case of
Zimbabwe) 266
PartV
Institutional and organizational implementation options 268
20 Attempt at a conceptual approach 268
21 Poverty reduction through agriculturally based rural
development 269
21.1 Sectoral integration 269
21.2 Graduated development based on a division
of labour 271
21.3 Integrated local development 273
21.3.1 Expansion of fiscal autonomy 273
21.3.2 Enlargement of the basis for local development
financing 274
21.3.3 Integration into government as a whole 276
21.3.4 Medium term financial planning 279
21.3.5 Local development management 280
22 New ways for development cooperation support 282
22.1 Financial requirements for poverty oriented rural
development 282
22.2 Budget aid 284
22.3 Joint financing as an interim solution 285
Contents xi
Part VI
Conclusions and recommendations 287
23 Conclusions 287
24 Recommendations 288
Notes 290
Bibliography 295
Appendix 303
Index 337
Illustrations
Part A
Approaches to poverty reduction through agricultural
development
Boxes in the text
Box 1 Soil degradation due to permanent intensive rice growing
end of the Asian countries self sufficiency in rice? 29
Box 2 Lack of coherence between the EU s agricultural and
development policies 51
Box 3 Carrying capacity estimates for the Sahel 59
Box 4 Agro historical view: population growth, factor propor¬
tions and technical progress, standards and institutions 74
Box 5 Food security programmes in the Sudano Sahel 80
Box 6 A case of agricultural development accompanied by
rising sectoral terms of trade, Germany 1825 1914 91
Box 7 Increase in grain yields in the Sahel 122
Box 8 Agricultural growth multiplier and the distribution of land
ownership 124
Diagrams in the text
Diagram 1 Real wholesale prices of sorghum in Sudan, monthly
averages, 1978 97 (£/sack) 33
Diagram 2 MUV deflated world market prices of grains
(1990 index =100) 41
Diagram 3 Farm budgeting results based on actual year by year
technical coefficients and gross margins, basic ox
plough technique and resource set unchanged 99
xiv Illustrations
Diagram 4 Grain prices and agricultural wages in the neo¬
classical market mode 115
Diagram 5 Grain prices and wages, Bangladesh, 1973 74 (in Rps) 115
Diagram 6 Total factor productivity and reduction of rural
poverty in India, 1960 93 116
Diagram 7 Labour market pattern of the rural wage trend 121
Figures in the text
Figure 1 Concepts of agricultural development policy, 1955 2002 64
Figure 2 Line followed in Part IV 89
Figure 3 Policy on the agricultural sector 113
Tables in the text
Table 1 Rural population growth rates, 1960 to 2030,
in per cent p.a. 21
Table 2 Degradation of global arable land 27
Table 3 Estimates of world grain production in 2020 28
Table 4 Numbers of undernourished people, by regions of the
world, 1979 99 (in millions) 31
Table 5 Global effects of current agricultural policies on prices
(undistorted prices = 100 per cent) 48
Table 6 OECD agricultural indicators 54
Table 7 Annual urban population growth rates, 1985 90 to
2005 2010(per cent) 58
Table 8 Development of the Indian agricultural sector, in per
cent p.a. 78
Table 9 Growth rates in selected sectors, by regions of the
world, 1990 95, in per cent p.a. 93
Table 10 Demographic data on selected regions, 2000 93
Table 11 Aggregate elasticities of production in the agricultural
sectors of India, Africa and Argentina 95
Table 12 Selected productivity and income parameters of the four
farming systems in the central region of Togo, 1989 90 100
Table 13 Elasticities of the percentage of the rural and urban popu¬
lation living below the poverty line in relation to the sec¬
toral components of economic growth, India, 1951 91 104
Illustrations xv
Table 14 Elasticities of the percentages of the rural and urban
population living below the poverty line in relation to
rural and urban growth, India, 1951 91 106
Table 15 Elasticity of connection in countries with very unequal
income distribution 110
Tables in the appendix
Table Al Growth rates in rice yields in rural practice in Asian
countries (in % p.a.) ] 51
Table A2 Percentage of peasant family household income
spent on food in Sierra Leone, by income deciles 151
Table A3 Percentage of peasant family household income
spent on food in sub Saharan African countries, by
income deciles 152
Table A4 Income elasticities of demand for food in the regions
of the world, 1997 152
Table A5 Producer subsidy equivalents in agriculture by regions
of the world and products, 1999 2000 153
Table A6 Percentage of peasant family household income
spent on food in rural regions of Southern India 154
Table A 7 Agricultural worker s wages in France, 1700 1872 154
Table A8 Structure of average annual expenditure and revenue
of 30 peasant households in the central region of
Malawi, 1972, in DM and % 155
Table A9 Structure of average annual expenditure and revenue
of 25 peasant households in two Ugandan villages,
February 1968 to January 1969, in Shs and % 156
Table AW Breakdown of marginal and average expenditure by
peasant households in Sierra Leone and Northern
Nigeria, in % per capita 157
Table All Sources of income of peasant family farms, by income
categories, Kenya, 1974 75, % of total income 158
Table Al2 Selected price ratios in German agriculture,
1801/10 1955/59 159
Table Al3 Trend in intensity indicators and natural yields in
German agriculture, 1800 1965 161
Table Al 4 Application of plant nutrients in Gentian agriculture.
1800 1968, in kg/ha UAA 162
Table Al5 Labour substitution on the transition from manual
methods to animal powered mechanization, 1890 1900 163
xvi Illustrations
Table A16 Income shares of different quintiles, by decade
and region 164
Table Al 7 Effects on poverty and productivity of additional
government expenditures in India 165
Table A18 Agricultural production and productivity growth in
the People s Republic of China 165
Table Al 9 Effects on poverty and growth of additional govern¬
ment expenditures, by type of investment and region 166
Table A20 Freight rates by various methods of transport,
in €/tonne/km 166
Table A21 Grain prices, agricultural wages and wage price
ratio, Bangladesh, 1973/74 167
Table A22 Rural household expenditure behaviour in sub
Saharan rural areas 168
Table A23 Average budget shares for household expenditure,
Southern Indian villages (per cent) 169
Table A24 International comparison of commodity specific
average production costs and yields in China for
the period 1996 98 170
Table A25 Changes in the nutrient content and pH value of the
uppermost 0 45 cm of soil in well ordered ley
fanning in Uganda, 1963 69 172
Table A26 Changes in the distribution of land ownership in
Latin America 172
Table A27 Current distribution of land ownership and state
of land reform in Southern Africa, 2000 173
Table A28 Price elasticities of production in Ghanaian agriculture 173
PartB
Institutional and organizational ways for rural
communities of sub Saharan Africa to reduce poverty
Boxes in the text
Box 1 Forms of decentralization 230
Box 2 Opportunities and risks inherent in decentralization 235
Box 3 Policy guidelines for fiscal decentralization 239
Box 4 The role of local authorities in South Africa 265
Illustrations xvii
Figures in the text
Figure 1 Normative framework for global agricultural and rural
development in the light of international agreements 191
Figure 2 Regional priorities for early action in scaling up
good practices and innovative approaches 206
Figure 3 Forms of development financing through the
integrated allocation of resources (a, b, c) 222
Figure 4 Rural non farm activities linked to agricultural
growth, by sector 260
Figures in the appendix
Figure Al Framework for sustainable agriculture and rural
development, SARD 305
Figure A2 An illustration of how a PRSP can unfold at the
country level 306
Figure A3 Organization of the rural alliance 307
Figure A4 Participation of traditional leaders and good
governance in South Africa 308
Figure A5 Conceptual model for analyzing and developing
decentralization 309
Figure A6 Development planning pattern in the cooperative
government system of South Africa 310
Figure A 7 Spheres of mediation for developmental local
government in South Africa 311
Figure A8 Challenges and appearance of developmental local
government at municipal level in South Africa 312
Figure A9 Frame for development planning and coordination in
Zimbabwe since 1984 313
Figure A10 District assembly structure as implied by the local
government Act 1993, Ghana 314
Figure All Organization chart for the implementation of
poverty reduction strategies 315
Figure Al2 Incentive structure and support concept for
sustainable land use in Zimbabwe 316
Figure Al 3 Principal themes of action plans in poverty
assessments 317
xviii Illustrations
Tables in the appendix
Table A1 Effects of structural adjustment in 30 sub Saharan
African Countries, 1982 92 318
Table A2 Summary of case studies in reviewed volumes 319
Table A3 Marginal returns to infrastructure and technology
investments in rural India 327
Table A4 Marginal returns to infrastructure and technology
investments in rural China 328
Table A5 Fiscal and political decentralization in federal, semi
and non federal states 329
Table A6 Percentage distribution of actual council revenues
by source, Uganda 1993 94 330
Table A 7 Distribution of tax revenue among different levels
of government 331
Table A8 Distribution of central government expenditure to
sub national governments varies widely 333
Table A9 Central and local contributions to projected district
revenues in Uganda (%), 1995 96 335
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Illustrations xiii
Preface xix
Abbreviations xxiii
Part A
Approaches to poverty reduction through
agricultural development
Introduction 5
Summary 7
Parti
Background to the problem: world food question 18
1 Overview 18
2 Demand 19
2.1 Population growth 19
2.2 Per capita income 21
2.3 Income elasticity of demand 21
2.4 Forecast of demand 21
3 Supply 22
3.1 Available arable land 22
3.2 Soil fertility in the tropics 22
3.3 Soil erosion 25
3.4 Land development on balance 26
3.5 Increase in yields and production forecast 27
4 Main development problem of the world food issue:
poverty, hunger, undernourishment and malnutrition 30
vi Contents
4.1 Incidence of undernourishment 30
4.2 Disposable income, food consumption,
undernourishment 31
5 Relevance of food prices to poverty 32
5.1 Reference level: domestic market 32
5.2 Reference level: world market 34
Part II
Motive for the study: new urban bias in development
cooperation 37
6 Neglect of the agricultural sector in development
cooperation 37
6.1 The causes 39
6.2 Agricultural policy distortions: industrialized
countries, world markets, developing countries 45
7 Neglect of agriculture in the sub Saharan African
countries 57
Part III
Poverty reduction in the conceptual experience of
agricultural development 60
8 Role of agriculture in the early industrial phase of
economic development 60
8.1 Excursus towards an understanding of the
subject matter 60
8.2 Agricultural contributions to economic development 63
8.3 Factor proportions theorem of agricultural development 66
9 Agricultural policy conceptions 1955 2000 69
9.1 Community development (1955 65) 69
9.2 Green revolution (1965 75) 71
9.3 Integrated rural development (1975 85) 79
9.4 Structural adjustment programmes (1985 95) 81
9.5 Sector investment programmes and capacity building
(1995 present) 83
9.6 A brief review of socio political problems in
decentralized rural development 86
Contents vii
Part IV
Economic growth, agricultural development, poverty reduction 88
10 Economic and agricultural growth 89
10.1 Linkage through mutual demand 89
10.2 Urbanization 92
11 Driving forces behind agricultural growth 94
11.1 Empirical evidence at sectoral level 94
11.2 Microeconomic analysis and innovations 97
12 Growth and poverty reduction 101
12.1 Economic growth and poverty reduction 102
12.2 Agricultural development and poverty reduction 105
13 The problems posed by poverty oriented agricultural policy 111
13.1 Price, market and trade policy 112
13.1.1 Agricultural prices and wages 114
13.1.2 Transport costs and market segmentation 117
13.2 Innovation policy 119
13.3 Land reform 122
13.3.1 Social and economic incentives for land reform 123
13.3.2 Sy stematics of reform projects 126
13.3.3 Land reforms in the twentieth century 127
13.3.4 Implementation difficulties and preconditions
for success 127
13.3.5 'Successes' without land ownership being changed 129
13.3.6 Land reforms in Southern Africa 129
Part V
Conclusions and recommendations 131
14 Conclusions 131
15 Recommendations 133
Notes 135
Bibliography 138
Appendix 149
viii Contents
PartB
Institutional and organizational ways for
rural communities of sub Saharan Africa
to reduce poverty
Introduction 179
Summary 182
Parti
Global framework for sustainable and poverty reducing
agricultural and rural development 190
1 Agenda 21 190
1.1 Sustainable agricultural and rural development 190
1.2 Sustainable development of local communities 193
2 World food summit plan of action 194
2.1 Objectives 194
2.2 Framework for action 195
3 UN Convention to combat desertification 197
3.1 Evolution 197
3.2 Provisions of the convention 198
3.3 Regional implementation in Africa 199
4 UN Millennium Declaration and poverty reduction
strategies 200
4.1 UN Millennium Declaration 200
4.2 Poverty reduction strategy of the IMF and
World Bank 201
4.3 New World Bank strategy for reducing rural
poverty 203
5 Effects of, difficulties with the implementation of and
lessons to be learnt from the structural adjustment
programmes 207
5.1 Effects 207
5.2 Implementation difficulties 208
5.3 Lessons 209
Contents he
Part II
Realistic problem solving approaches 211
6 Requirements to be met by development cooperation 211
7 Focusing on key areas of development policy 212
8 Sequencing of development steps 214
9 Jettisoning of ballast inherent in development
cooperation 216
10 Pooling human and financial resources and setting
priorities 217
11 Donor coordination and international division of labour 219
12 Performance of multifunctional agricultural and rural
development tasks through decentralization 223
12.1 Rural development as a cross section task 223
12.2 Rural development as a joint task 225
12.3 Rural development as a national task 227
Part III
Importance for development policy of, preconditions for
and effects of decentralization 229
13 Decentralization as a recurrent challenge to development
policy 229
14 Importance for broad based socio economic development 232
15 Effects on and risks for development policy 234
16 Importance of fiscal decentralization for development 237
17 Opportunities for development cooperation to promote
decentralization 240
Part IV
Decentralization and development cooperation priorities 242
18 Cooperation between the private and public sectors 242
18.1 Functionality and efficiency 242
18.2 Dysfunctional ities and weaknesses 243
18.3 Problem solving approaches 245
19 Integration of intersectoral programmes into poverty
reduction strategies 247
19.1 National government tasks (The case of Zambia) 248
x Contents
19.2 Local government tasks 251
19.2.1 Integration into the state as a whole (The case
of South Africa) 251
19.2.2 Planning the development of local government
(The case of South Africa) 254
19.2.3 Steering local development (The case of Zimbabwe) 255
19.3 Requirements and opportunities for private sector
development 258
19.3.1 Requirements and starting conditions 258
19.3.2 Obstacles to private sector development 261
19.3.3 Overcoming the obstacles: examples from Malawi,
Zambia and Zimbabwe 262
19.3.4 Local government's role in local economic
development 263
19.4 Local implementation of Agenda 21 (The case of
Zimbabwe) 266
PartV
Institutional and organizational implementation options 268
20 Attempt at a conceptual approach 268
21 Poverty reduction through agriculturally based rural
development 269
21.1 Sectoral integration 269
21.2 Graduated development based on a division
of labour 271
21.3 Integrated local development 273
21.3.1 Expansion of fiscal autonomy 273
21.3.2 Enlargement of the basis for local development
financing 274
21.3.3 Integration into government as a whole 276
21.3.4 Medium term financial planning 279
21.3.5 Local development management 280
22 New ways for development cooperation support 282
22.1 Financial requirements for poverty oriented rural
development 282
22.2 Budget aid 284
22.3 Joint financing as an interim solution 285
Contents xi
Part VI
Conclusions and recommendations 287
23 Conclusions 287
24 Recommendations 288
Notes 290
Bibliography 295
Appendix 303
Index 337
Illustrations
Part A
Approaches to poverty reduction through agricultural
development
Boxes in the text
Box 1 Soil degradation due to permanent intensive rice growing
end of the Asian countries' self sufficiency in rice? 29
Box 2 Lack of coherence between the EU's agricultural and
development policies 51
Box 3 Carrying capacity estimates for the Sahel 59
Box 4 Agro historical view: population growth, factor propor¬
tions and technical progress, standards and institutions 74
Box 5 Food security programmes in the Sudano Sahel 80
Box 6 A case of agricultural development accompanied by
rising sectoral terms of trade, Germany 1825 1914 91
Box 7 Increase in grain yields in the Sahel 122
Box 8 Agricultural growth multiplier and the distribution of land
ownership 124
Diagrams in the text
Diagram 1 Real wholesale prices of sorghum in Sudan, monthly
averages, 1978 97 (£/sack) 33
Diagram 2 MUV deflated world market prices of grains
(1990 index =100) 41
Diagram 3 Farm budgeting results based on actual year by year
technical coefficients and gross margins, basic ox
plough technique and resource set unchanged 99
xiv Illustrations
Diagram 4 Grain prices and agricultural wages in the neo¬
classical market mode 115
Diagram 5 Grain prices and wages, Bangladesh, 1973 74 (in Rps) 115
Diagram 6 Total factor productivity and reduction of rural
poverty in India, 1960 93 116
Diagram 7 Labour market pattern of the rural wage trend 121
Figures in the text
Figure 1 Concepts of agricultural development policy, 1955 2002 64
Figure 2 Line followed in Part IV 89
Figure 3 Policy on the agricultural sector 113
Tables in the text
Table 1 Rural population growth rates, 1960 to 2030,
in per cent p.a. 21
Table 2 Degradation of global arable land 27
Table 3 Estimates of world grain production in 2020 28
Table 4 Numbers of undernourished people, by regions of the
world, 1979 99 (in millions) 31
Table 5 Global effects of current agricultural policies on prices
(undistorted prices = 100 per cent) 48
Table 6 OECD agricultural indicators 54
Table 7 Annual urban population growth rates, 1985 90 to
2005 2010(per cent) 58
Table 8 Development of the Indian agricultural sector, in per
cent p.a. 78
Table 9 Growth rates in selected sectors, by regions of the
world, 1990 95, in per cent p.a. 93
Table 10 Demographic data on selected regions, 2000 93
Table 11 Aggregate elasticities of production in the agricultural
sectors of India, Africa and Argentina 95
Table 12 Selected productivity and income parameters of the four
farming systems in the central region of Togo, 1989 90 100
Table 13 Elasticities of the percentage of the rural and urban popu¬
lation living below the poverty line in relation to the sec¬
toral components of economic growth, India, 1951 91 104
Illustrations xv
Table 14 Elasticities of the percentages of the rural and urban
population living below the poverty line in relation to
rural and urban growth, India, 1951 91 106
Table 15 Elasticity of connection in countries with very unequal
income distribution 110
Tables in the appendix
Table Al Growth rates in rice yields in rural practice in Asian
countries (in % p.a.) ] 51
Table A2 Percentage of peasant family household income
spent on food in Sierra Leone, by income deciles 151
Table A3 Percentage of peasant family household income
spent on food in sub Saharan African countries, by
income deciles 152
Table A4 Income elasticities of demand for food in the regions
of the world, 1997 152
Table A5 Producer subsidy equivalents in agriculture by regions
of the world and products, 1999 2000 153
Table A6 Percentage of peasant family household income
spent on food in rural regions of Southern India 154
Table A 7 Agricultural worker's wages in France, 1700 1872 154
Table A8 Structure of average annual expenditure and revenue
of 30 peasant households in the central region of
Malawi, 1972, in DM and % 155
Table A9 Structure of average annual expenditure and revenue
of 25 peasant households in two Ugandan villages,
February 1968 to January 1969, in Shs and % 156
Table AW Breakdown of marginal and average expenditure by
peasant households in Sierra Leone and Northern
Nigeria, in % per capita 157
Table All Sources of income of peasant family farms, by income
categories, Kenya, 1974 75, % of total income 158
Table Al2 Selected price ratios in German agriculture,
1801/10 1955/59 159
Table Al3 Trend in intensity indicators and natural yields in
German agriculture, 1800 1965 161
Table Al 4 Application of plant nutrients in Gentian agriculture.
1800 1968, in kg/ha UAA 162
Table Al5 Labour substitution on the transition from manual
methods to animal powered mechanization, 1890 1900 163
xvi Illustrations
Table A16 Income shares of different quintiles, by decade
and region 164
Table Al 7 Effects on poverty and productivity of additional
government expenditures in India 165
Table A18 Agricultural production and productivity growth in
the People's Republic of China 165
Table Al 9 Effects on poverty and growth of additional govern¬
ment expenditures, by type of investment and region 166
Table A20 Freight rates by various methods of transport,
in €/tonne/km 166
Table A21 Grain prices, agricultural wages and wage price
ratio, Bangladesh, 1973/74 167
Table A22 Rural household expenditure behaviour in sub
Saharan rural areas 168
Table A23 Average budget shares for household expenditure,
Southern Indian villages (per cent) 169
Table A24 International comparison of commodity specific
average production costs and yields in China for
the period 1996 98 170
Table A25 Changes in the nutrient content and pH value of the
uppermost 0 45 cm of soil in well ordered ley
fanning in Uganda, 1963 69 172
Table A26 Changes in the distribution of land ownership in
Latin America 172
Table A27 Current distribution of land ownership and state
of land reform in Southern Africa, 2000 173
Table A28 Price elasticities of production in Ghanaian agriculture 173
PartB
Institutional and organizational ways for rural
communities of sub Saharan Africa to reduce poverty
Boxes in the text
Box 1 Forms of decentralization 230
Box 2 Opportunities and risks inherent in decentralization 235
Box 3 Policy guidelines for fiscal decentralization 239
Box 4 The role of local authorities in South Africa 265
Illustrations xvii
Figures in the text
Figure 1 Normative framework for global agricultural and rural
development in the light of international agreements 191
Figure 2 Regional priorities for early action in scaling up
good practices and innovative approaches 206
Figure 3 Forms of development financing through the
integrated allocation of resources (a, b, c) 222
Figure 4 Rural non farm activities linked to agricultural
growth, by sector 260
Figures in the appendix
Figure Al Framework for sustainable agriculture and rural
development, SARD 305
Figure A2 An illustration of how a PRSP can unfold at the
country level 306
Figure A3 Organization of the rural alliance 307
Figure A4 Participation of traditional leaders and good
governance in South Africa 308
Figure A5 Conceptual model for analyzing and developing
decentralization 309
Figure A6 Development planning pattern in the cooperative
government system of South Africa 310
Figure A 7 Spheres of mediation for developmental local
government in South Africa 311
Figure A8 Challenges and appearance of developmental local
government at municipal level in South Africa 312
Figure A9 Frame for development planning and coordination in
Zimbabwe since 1984 313
Figure A10 District assembly structure as implied by the local
government Act 1993, Ghana 314
Figure All Organization chart for the implementation of
poverty reduction strategies 315
Figure Al2 Incentive structure and support concept for
sustainable land use in Zimbabwe 316
Figure Al 3 Principal themes of action plans in poverty
assessments 317
xviii Illustrations
Tables in the appendix
Table A1 Effects of structural adjustment in 30 sub Saharan
African Countries, 1982 92 318
Table A2 Summary of case studies in reviewed volumes 319
Table A3 Marginal returns to infrastructure and technology
investments in rural India 327
Table A4 Marginal returns to infrastructure and technology
investments in rural China 328
Table A5 Fiscal and political decentralization in federal, semi
and non federal states 329
Table A6 Percentage distribution of actual council revenues
by source, Uganda 1993 94 330
Table A 7 Distribution of tax revenue among different levels
of government 331
Table A8 Distribution of central government expenditure to
sub national governments varies widely 333
Table A9 Central and local contributions to projected district
revenues in Uganda (%), 1995 96 335 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Brandt, Hartmut Otzen, Uwe |
| author_facet | Brandt, Hartmut Otzen, Uwe |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Brandt, Hartmut |
| author_variant | h b hb u o uo |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021331065 |
| callnumber-first | H - Social Science |
| callnumber-label | HD1417 |
| callnumber-raw | HD1417 |
| callnumber-search | HD1417 |
| callnumber-sort | HD 41417 |
| callnumber-subject | HD - Industries, Land Use, Labor |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)67346344 (DE-599)BVBBV021331065 |
| dewey-full | 338.91091724091734 338.1/8091724 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 338 - Production |
| dewey-raw | 338.91091724091734 338.1/8091724 |
| dewey-search | 338.91091724091734 338.1/8091724 |
| dewey-sort | 3338.91091724091734 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| discipline_str_mv | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV021331065 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T14:01:38Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:35:50Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780415368537 |
| language | English German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014651341 |
| oclc_num | 67346344 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | XXVII, 342 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Routledge |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Routledge studies in development and society |
| series2 | Routledge studies in development and society |
| spelling | Brandt, Hartmut Verfasser aut Poverty orientated agricultural and rural development Hartmut Brandt ; Uwe Otzen 1. publ. London [u.a.] Routledge 2007 XXVII, 342 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Routledge studies in development and society 12 Entwicklungsländer Agricultural development projects Developing countries Poverty Developing countries International cooperation Rural development projects Developing countries Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (DE-588)4198756-1 gnd rswk-swf Landwirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4034453-8 gnd rswk-swf Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd rswk-swf Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd rswk-swf Agrarpolitik (DE-588)4000771-6 gnd rswk-swf Entwicklungshilfe (DE-588)4014948-1 gnd rswk-swf Ländliche Entwicklung (DE-588)4034450-2 gnd rswk-swf Ländliche Entwicklung (DE-588)4034450-2 s Entwicklungshilfe (DE-588)4014948-1 s Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (DE-588)4198756-1 s Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 s Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 s DE-604 Agrarpolitik (DE-588)4000771-6 s 1\p DE-604 Landwirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4034453-8 s 2\p DE-604 Otzen, Uwe Verfasser aut Routledge studies in development and society 12 (DE-604)BV011598846 12 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014651341&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Brandt, Hartmut Otzen, Uwe Poverty orientated agricultural and rural development Routledge studies in development and society Entwicklungsländer Agricultural development projects Developing countries Poverty Developing countries International cooperation Rural development projects Developing countries Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (DE-588)4198756-1 gnd Landwirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4034453-8 gnd Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd Agrarpolitik (DE-588)4000771-6 gnd Entwicklungshilfe (DE-588)4014948-1 gnd Ländliche Entwicklung (DE-588)4034450-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4198756-1 (DE-588)4034453-8 (DE-588)4112701-8 (DE-588)4002963-3 (DE-588)4000771-6 (DE-588)4014948-1 (DE-588)4034450-2 |
| title | Poverty orientated agricultural and rural development |
| title_auth | Poverty orientated agricultural and rural development |
| title_exact_search | Poverty orientated agricultural and rural development |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Poverty orientated agricultural and rural development |
| title_full | Poverty orientated agricultural and rural development Hartmut Brandt ; Uwe Otzen |
| title_fullStr | Poverty orientated agricultural and rural development Hartmut Brandt ; Uwe Otzen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Poverty orientated agricultural and rural development Hartmut Brandt ; Uwe Otzen |
| title_short | Poverty orientated agricultural and rural development |
| title_sort | poverty orientated agricultural and rural development |
| topic | Entwicklungsländer Agricultural development projects Developing countries Poverty Developing countries International cooperation Rural development projects Developing countries Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (DE-588)4198756-1 gnd Landwirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4034453-8 gnd Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd Agrarpolitik (DE-588)4000771-6 gnd Entwicklungshilfe (DE-588)4014948-1 gnd Ländliche Entwicklung (DE-588)4034450-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Entwicklungsländer Agricultural development projects Developing countries Poverty Developing countries International cooperation Rural development projects Developing countries Entwicklungszusammenarbeit Landwirtschaftsentwicklung Bekämpfung Armut Agrarpolitik Entwicklungshilfe Ländliche Entwicklung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014651341&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV011598846 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT brandthartmut povertyorientatedagriculturalandruraldevelopment AT otzenuwe povertyorientatedagriculturalandruraldevelopment |