Materials science and engineering: an introduction
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
Wiley
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | 7. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Beschreibung für Leser Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | getr. Zählung zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0471736961 9780471736967 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135130303823872 |
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| adam_text | SE VE EDITION MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AN INTRODUCTION WILLIAM
D. CALLISTER, JR. DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING THE UNIVERSITY
OF UTAH WITH SPECIAL CONTRIBUTIONS BY DAVID G. RETHWISCH THE UNIVERSITY
OF IOWA JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. LIST OF SYMBOLS XXIII /. INTRODUCTION 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 2 1.1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 2 1.2 MATERIALS SCIENCE
AND ENGINEERING 3 1.3 WHY STUDY MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING? 5 1.4
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS 5 1.5 ADVANCED MATERIALS 11 1.6 MODERN
MATERIALS NEEDS 12 REFERENCES 13 2. ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND INTERATOMIC
BONDING 15 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 16 2.1 INTRODUCTION 16 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
16 2.2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS 16 2.3 ELECTRONS IN ATOMS 17 2.4 THE
PERIODIC TABLE 23 ATOMIC BONDING IN SOLIDS 24 2.5 BONDING FORCES AND
ENERGIES 24 2.6 PRIMARY INTERATOMIC BONDS 26 2.7 SECONDARY BONDING OR
VAN DER WAALS BONDING 30 2.8 MOLECULES 32 SUMMARY 34 IMPORTANT TERMS AND
CONCEPTS 34 REFERENCES 35 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 35 3. THE STRUCTURE OF
CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS 38 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 39 3.1 INTRODUCTION 39 CRYSTAL
STRUCTURES 39 3.2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS 39 3.3 UNIT CELLS 40 3.4 METALLIC
CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 41 3.5 DENSITY COMPUTATIONS 45 3.6 POLYMORPHISM AND
ALLOTROPY 46 * XV XVI * CONTENTS 3.7 CRYSTAL SYSTEMS 46 CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
POINTS, DIRECTIONS, AND PLANES 49 3.8 POINT COORDINATES 49 3.9
CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DIRECTIONS 51 3.10 CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC PLANES 55 3.11
LINEAR AND PLANAR DENSITIES 60 3.12 CLOSE-PACKED CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 61
CRYSTALLINA AND NONCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 63 3.13 SINGLE CRYSTALS 63 3.14
POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 64 3.15 ANISOTROPY 64 3.16 X-RAY DIFFRACTION:
DETERMINATION OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 66 3.17 NONCRYSTALLINE SOLIDS 71
SUMMARY 72 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 73 REFERENCES 73 QUESTIONS AND
PROBLEMS 74 4. IMPERFECTIONS IN SOLIDS 80 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7
4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 LEARNING OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION 81 81 POINT DEFECTS
81 VACANCIES AND SELF-INTERSTITIALS IMPURITIES IN SOLIDS 83
SPECIFICATION OF COMPOSITION 85 MLSCELLANEOUS IMPERFECTIONS 88
DISLOCATIONS-LINEAR DEFECTS 88 INTERFACIAL DEFECTS 92 BULK OR VOLUME
DEFECTS ATOMIC VIBRATIONS 96 MLCROSCOPIC EXAMINATION GENERAL 97
MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES GRAIN SIZE DETERMINATION SUMMARY 104 IMPORTANT
TERMS AND CONCEPTS 105 REFERENCES 105 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 106 DESIGN
PROBLEMS 108 81 96 97 8 102 5. DIFFUSION 109 110 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 5.1
INTRODUCTION 110 5.2 DIFFUSION MECHANISMS 111 5.3 STEADY-STATE DIFFUSION
112 5.4 NONSTEADY-STATE DIFFUSION 114 5.5 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE
DIFFUSION 118 5.6 OTHER DIFFUSION PATHS 125 SUMMARY 125 IMPORTANT TERMS
AND CONCEPTS 126 REFERENCES 126 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 126 DESIGN
PROBLEMS 129 6. MCCHANICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS 131 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
132 6.1 INTRODUCTION 132 6.2 CONCEPTS OF STRESS AND STRAIN 133 ELASTIC
DEFORMATION 137 6.3 STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR 137 6.4 ANELASTICITY 140 6.5
ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 141 PLASTIC DEFORMATION 143 6.6 TENSILE
PROPERTIES 144 6.7 TRUE STRESS AND STRAIN 151 6.8 ELASTIC RECOVERY AFTER
PLASTIC DEFORMATION 154 6.9 COMPRESSIVE, SHEAR, AND TORSIONAL
DEFORMATION 154 6.10 HARDNESS 155 PROPERTY VARIABILITY AND DESICN/SAFETY
FACTORS 161 6.11 VARIABILITY OF MATERIAL PROPERTIES 161 6.12
DESIGN/SAFETY FACTORS 163 SUMMARY 165 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 166
REFERENCES 166 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 166 DESIGN PROBLEMS 172 7.
DISLOCATIONS AND STRENGTHENING MECHANISMS 174 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6
7.7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 175 INTRODUCTION 175 DISLOCATIONS AND PLASTIC
DEFORMATION 175 BASIC CONCEPTS 175 CHARACTERISTICS OF DISLOCATIONS 178
SLIP SYSTEMS 179 SLIP IN SINGLE CRYSTALS 181 PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF
POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 185 DEFORMATION BY TWINNING 185 CONTENTS *
XVII MECHANISMS OF STRENGTHENING IN METALS 188 7.8 STRENGTHENING BY
GRAIN SIZE REDUCTION 188 7.9 SOLID-SOLUTION STRENGTHENING 190 7.10
STRAIN HARDENING 191 RECOVERY, RECRYSTALLIZATION, AND GRAIN GROWTH 194
7.11 RECOVERY 195 7.12 RECRYSTALLIZATION 195 7.13 GRAIN GROWTH 200
SUMMARY 201 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 202 REFERENCES 202 QUESTIONS
AND PROBLEMS 202 DESIGN PROBLEMS 206 8. FAILURC 207 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
208 8.1 INTRODUCTION 208 FRACTURE 208 8.2 FUNDAMENTALS OF FRACTURE 208
8.3 DUCTILE FRACTURE 209 8.4 BRITTLE FRACTURE 211 8.5 PRINCIPLES OF
FRACTURE MECHANICS 215 8.6 IMPACT FRACTURE TESTING 223 FATIGI K 227 8.7
CYCLIC STRESSES 228 8.8 THE S-N CURVE 229 8.9 CRACK INITIATION AND
PROPAGATION 232 8.10 FACTORS THAT AFFECT FATIGUE LIFE 234 8.11
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 237 CREEP 238 8.12 GENERALIZED CREEP BEHAVIOR 238
8.13 STRESS AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS 239 8.14 DATA EXTRAPOLATION METHODS
241 8.15 ALLOYS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE USE 242 SUMMARY 243 IMPORTANT TERMS
AND CONCEPTS 245 REFERENCES 246 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 246 DESIGN
PROBLEMS 250 9. PHASE DIAGRAMS 252 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 253 9.1
INTRODUCTION 253 DEFINITIONS AND BASIC CONCEPTS 253 9.2 SOLUBILITY LIMIT
254 9.3 PHASES 254 9.4 MICROSTRUCTURE 255 9.5 PHASE EQUILIBRIA 255 9.6
ONE-COMPONENT (OR UNARY) PHASE DIAGRAMS 256 BINARY PHASE DIAGRAMS 258
9.7 BINARY ISOMORPHOUS SYSTEMS 258 9.8 INTERPRETATION OF PHASE DIAGRAMS
260 9.9 DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURE IN ISOMORPHOUS ALLOYS 264 9.10
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ISOMORPHOUS ALLOYS 268 9.11 BINARY EUTECTIC
SYSTEMS 269 9.12 DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURE IN EUTECTIC ALLOYS 276
9.13 EQUILIBRIUM DIAGRAMS HAVING INTERMEDIATE PHASES OR COMPOUNDS 282
9.14 EUTECTIC AND PERITECTIC REACTIONS 284 9.15 CONGRUENT PHASE
TRANSFORMATIONS 286 9.16 CERAMIC AND TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAMS 287 9.17 THE
GIBBS PHASE RULE 287 THE IRON-CARBON SYSTEM 290 9.18 THE IRON-IRON
CARBIDE (FE-FE 3 C) PHASE DIAGRAM 290 9.19 DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURE
IN IRON-CARBON ALLOYS 293 9.20 THE INFLUENCE OF OTHER ALLOYING ELEMENTS
301 SUMMARY 302 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 303 REFERENCES 303
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 304 10. PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN METALS:
DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURE AND ALTERATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
311 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 312 10.1 INTRODUCTION 312 PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
312 10.2 BASIC CONCEPTS 312 10.3 THE KINETICS OF PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
313 10.4 METASTABLE VERSUS EQUILIBRIUM STATES 324 XVIII * CONTENTS
MLCROSTRLCTURAL AND PROPKRTY CHANGES IN IRON-CARBON ALLOYS 324 10.5
ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION DIAGRAMS 325 10.6 CONTINUOUS COOLING
TRANSFORMATION DIAGRAMS 335 10.7 MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF IRON-CARBON
ALLOYS 339 10.8 TEMPERED MARTENSITE 343 10.9 REVIEW OF PHASE
TRANSFORMATIONS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR IRON-CARBON ALLOYS 346
SUMMARY 350 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 351 REFERENCES 352 QUESTIONS
AND PROBLEMS 352 DESIGN PROBLEMS 356 11. APPLICATIONS AND PROCESSING OF
METAL ALLOYS 358 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 359 11.1 INTRODUCTION 359 TYPES OF
METAL ALLOYS 359 11.2 FERROUS ALLOYS 359 11.3 NONFERROUS ALLOYS 372
FABRICATION OF METALS 382 11.4 FORMING OPERATIONS 383 11.5 CASTING 384
11.6 MISCELLANEOUS TECHNIQUES 386 THERMAL PROCESSING OF METALS 387 11.7
ANNEALING PROCESSES 388 11.8 HEAT TREATMENT OF STEELS 390 11.9
PRECIPITATION HARDENING 402 SUMMARY 407 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 409
REFERENCES 409 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 410 DESIGN PROBLEMS 411 12.
STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS 414 2. 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 415 INTRODUCTION 415 CEKAMIC STRUCTURES 415 CRYSTAL
STRUCTURES 415 SILICATE CERAMICS 426 CARBON 430 IMPERFECTIONS IN
CERAMICS 434 DIFFUSION IN IONIC MATERIALS 438 14. 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4
14.5 12.7 CERAMIC PHASE DIAGRAMS 439 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 442 12.8
BRITTLE FRACTURE OF CERAMICS 442 12.9 STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR 447 12.10
MECHANISMS OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION 449 12.11 MISCELLANEOUS MECHANICAL
CONSIDERATIONS 451 SUMMARY 453 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 454
REFERENCES 454 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 455 DESIGN PROBLEMS 459 13.
APPLICATIONS AND PROCESSING OF CERAMICS 460 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 461 13.1
INTRODUCTION 461 TYPES AND APPLICATIONS OF CERAMICS 461 13.2 GLASSES 461
13.3 GLASS-CERAMICS 462 13.4 CLAY PRODUCTS 463 13.5 REFRACTORIES 464
13.6 ABRASIVES 466 13.7 CEMENTS 467 13.8 ADVANCED CERAMICS 468
FABRICATION AND PROCESSING OF CERAMICS 471 13.9 FABRICATION AND
PROCESSING OF GLASSES AND GLASS-CERAMICS 471 13.10 FABRICATION AND
PROCESSING OF CLAY PRODUCTS 476 13.11 POWDER PRESSING 481 13.12 TAPE
CASTING 484 SUMMARY 484 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 486 REFERENCES 486
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 486 DESIGN PROBLEM 488 14. POLYMER STRUCTURES 489
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 490 INTRODUCTION 490 HYDROCARBON MOLECULES 490
POLYMER MOLECULES 492 THE CHEMISTRY OF POLYMER MOLECULES 493 MOLECULAR
WEIGHT 497 CONTENTS * XIX 14.6 MOLECULAR SHAPE 500 14.7 MOLECULAR
STRUCTURE 501 14.8 MOLECULAR CONFIGURATIONS 503 14.9 THERMOPLASTIC AND
THERMOSETTING POLYMERS 506 14.10 COPOLYMERS 507 14.11 POLYMER
CRYSTALLINITY 508 14.12 POLYMER CRYSTALS 512 14.13 DEFECTS IN POLYMERS
514 14.14 DIFFUSION IN POLYMERIE MATERIALS 515 SUMMARY 517 IMPORTANT
TERMS AND CONCEPTS 519 REFERENCES 519 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 519 15.
CHARACTERISTICS, APPLICATIONS, AND PROCESSING OFPOLYMERS 523 LEARNING
OBJECTIVES 524 15.1 INTRODUCTION 524 MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF POLYMERS 524
15.2 STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR 524 15.3 MACROSCOPIC DEFORMATION 527 15.4
VISCOELASTIC DEFORMATION 527 15.5 FRACTURE OF POLYMERS 532 15.6
MISCELLANEOUS MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS 533 MECHANISMS OF DEFORMATION
AND FOR STRENGTHENING OF POI.YMF.RS 535 15.7 DEFORMATION OF
SEMICRYSTALLINE POLYMERS 535 15.8 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF SEMICRYSTALLINE POLYMERS 538 15.9 DEFORMATION OF
ELASTOMERS 541 CRYSTALUZATION, MELTING, AND GLASS TRANSITION PHENOMENA
IN POLYMERS 544 15.10 CRYSTALLIZATION 544 15.11 MELTING 545 15.12 THE
GLASS TRANSITION 545 15.13 MELTING AND GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURES 546
15.14 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE MELTING AND GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURES
547 POLYMER TYPES 549 15.15 PLASTICS 549 15.16 ELASTOMERS 552 15.17
FIBERS 554 15.18 MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS 555 15.19 ADVANCED POLYMERIE
MATERIALS 556 POLYMER SYNTIIESIS AND PROCESSING 560 15.20 POLYMERIZATION
561 15.21 POLYMER ADDITIVES 563 15.22 FORMING TECHNIQUES FOR PLASTICS
15.23 FABRICATION OF ELASTOMERS 567 15.24 FABRICATION OF FIBERS AND
FILMS SUMMARY 569 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 571 REFERENCES 571
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 572 DESIGN QUESTIONS 576 565 568 16. COMPOSITES
577 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 16.10 16.11 16.12 16.13
16.14 16.15 LEARNING OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION 578 578 PARTICLE-REINFORCED
COMPOSITES 580 580 LARGE-PARTICLE COMPOSITES DISPERSION-STRENGTHENED
COMPOSITES 584 FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES 585 INFLUENCE OF FIBER LENGTH
585 INFLUENCE OF FIBER ORIENTATION AND CONCENTRATION 586 THE FIBER PHASE
595 THE MATRIX PHASE 596 POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITES 597 METAL-MATRIX
COMPOSITES 603 CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES 605 CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES
606 HYBRID COMPOSITES 607 PROCESSING OF FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES 607
STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES 610 LAMINAR COMPOSITES 610 SANDWICH PANELS 611
SUMMARY 613 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 615 REFERENCES 616 QUESTIONS
AND PROBLEMS 616 DESIGN PROBLEMS 619 1 7. CORROSION AND DEGRADATION OF
MATERIALS 621 17.1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION 622 622 CORROSION OF
METALS 622 17.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL CONSIDERATIONS 17.3 CORROSION RATES 630
623 XX * CONTENTS 17.4 PREDICTION OF CORROSION RATES 17.5 PASSIVITY 638
17.6 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 640 17.7 FORMS OF CORROSION 640 17.8
CORROSION ENVIRONMENTS 648 17.9 CORROSION PREVENTION 649 17.10 OXIDATION
651 CORROSION OF CERAMIC MATERIALS DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS 655 17.11
SWELLING AND DISSOLUTION 655 17.12 BOND RUPTURE 657 17.13 WEATHERING 658
SUMMARY 659 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS REFERENCES 661 QUESTIONS AND
PROBLEMS 661 DESIGN PROBLEMS 644 18. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES 665 631 654
18.20 18.21 18.22 18.23 18.24 18.25 TYPES OF POLARIZATION 708 FREQUENCY
DEPENDENCE OF THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT 709 DIELECTRIC STRENGTH 711
DIELECTRIC MATERIALS 711 OTHER ELECTRICAL MATERIALS 711 CHARACTERISTICS
OF 660 41 FERROELECTRICITY 711 PIEZOELECTRICITY 712 SUMMARY 713
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS REFERENCES 715 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 716
DESIGN PROBLEMS 720 19. THERMAL PROPERTIES WL 715 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4
18.5 18.6 LEARNING OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION 666 666 666 668 18.7 18.8
18.9 18.10 18.11 18.12 18.13 18.14 18.15 18.16 18.17 18.18 18.19
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION OHM S LAW 666 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY 667
ELECTRONIC AND IONIC CONDUCTION ENERGY BAND STRUCTURES IN SOLIDS 668
CONDUCTION IN TERMS OF BAND AND ATOMIC BONDING MODELS 671 ELECTRON
MOBILITY 673 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF METALS 674 ELECTRICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMERCIAL ALLOYS 677 SEMICONDUCTIVTTY 679 INTRINSIC
SEMICONDUCTION 679 EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTION 682 THE TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENCE OF CARRIER CONCENTRATION 686 FACTORS THAT AFFECT CARRIER
MOBILITY 688 THE HALL EFFECT 692 SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES 694 ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTION IN IONIC CERAMICS AND IN POLYMERS 700 CONDUCTION IN IONIC
MATERIALS 701 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS 701 DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR
702 CAPACITANCE 703 FIELD VECTORS AND POLARIZATION 704 LEARNING
OBJECTIVES W2 19.1 INTRODUCTION W2 19.2 HEAT CAPACITY W2 19.3 THERMAL
EXPANSION W4 19.4 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY W7 19.5 THERMAL STRESSES W12
SUMMARY W14 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS REFERENCES W15 QUESTIONS AND
PROBLEMS W15 DESIGN PROBLEMS W17 W15 ^ O 20. MAGNETIC PROPERTIES W19
LEARNING OBJECTIVES W20 20.1 INTRODUCTION W20 20.2 BASIC CONCEPTS W20
20.3 DIAMAGNETISM AND PARAMAGNETISM W24 20.4 FERROMAGNETISM W26 20.5
ANTIFERROMAGNETISM AND FERRIMAGNETISM W28 20.6 THE INFLUENCE OF
TEMPERATURE ON MAGNETIC BEHAVIOR W32 20.7 DOMAINS AND HYSTERESIS W33
20.8 MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY W37 20.9 SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS W38 20.10 HARD
MAGNETIC MATERIALS W41 20.11 MAGNETIC STORAGE W44 20.12
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY W47 SUMMARY W50 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS W52
REFERENCES W52 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS W53 DESIGN PROBLEMS W56 CONTENTS *
XXI (FL 21. OPTICAL PROPERTIES W57 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 LEARNING
OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION W58 W58 4L BASIC CONCEPTS W58 ELECTROMAGNETIC
RADIATION W58 LIGHT INTERACTIONS WITH SOLIDS W60 ATOMIC AND ELECTRONIC
INTERACTIONS W61 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS W62 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF
NONMETALS W63 21.5 REFRACTION W63 21.6 REFLECTION W65 21.7 ABSORPTION
W65 21.8 TRANSMISSION W68 21.9 COLOR W69 21.10 OPACITY AND TRANSLUCENCY
IN INSULATORS W71 APPLICATIONS OF OPTICAL PHENOMENA W72 21.11
LUMINESCENCE W72 21.12 PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY W72 21.13 LASERS W75 21.14
OPTICAL FIBERS IN COMMUNICATIONS W79 SUMMARY W82 IMPORTANT TERMS AND
CONCEPTS W83 REFERENCES W84 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS W84 DESIGN PROBLEM
W85 22. MATERIALS SELECTION AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS W86 22.8 22.9
22.10 22.11 22.12 22.13 22.14 TESTING PROCEDURE AND RESULTS DISCUSSION
W108 W102 4L ARTIFICIAL TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT W108 ANATOMY OF THE HIP
JOINT W108 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS WILL MATERIALS EMPLOYED W112 CHEMICAL
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING W115 INTRODUCTION W115 ASSESSMENT OF CPC GLOVE
MATERIALS TO PROTECT AGAINST EXPOSURE TO METHYLENE CHLORIDE W115
MATERIALS FOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT PACKAGES W119 22.15 INTRODUCTION W119
22.16 LEADFRAME DESIGN AND MATERIALS W120 22.17 DIE BONDING W121 22.18
WIRE BONDING W124 22.19 PACKAGE ENCAPSULATION W125 22.20 TAPE AUTOMATED
BONDING W127 SUMMARY W129 REFERENCES W130 DESIGN QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS
W131 23. ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SOCIETAL ISSUES IN MATERIALS
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING W135 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 22.7 LEARNING
OBJECTIVES W87 INTRODUCTION W87 MATERIALS SELECTION FOR A TORSIONALLY
STRESSED CYLINDRICAL SHAFT W87 STRENGTH CONSIDERATIONS-TOERSIONALLY
STRESSED SHAFT W88 OTHER PROPERTY CONSIDERATIONS AND THE FINAL DECISION
W93 AUTOMOTIVE VALVE SPRING W94 MECHANICS OF SPRING DEFORMATION W94
VALVE SPRING DESIGN AND MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS W95 ONE COMMONLY EMPLOYED
STEEL ALLOY W98 FAILURE OF AN AUTOMOBILE REAR AXLE W101 INTRODUCTION
W101 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 LEARNING OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION W136 W136
ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS W136 COMPONENT DESIGN W137 MATERIALS W137
MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES W137 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIETAL CONSIDERATIONS
W137 RECYCLING ISSUES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING W140 SUMMARY
W143 REFERENCES W143 DESIGN QUESTION W144 APPENDIX A THE INTERNATIONAL
SYSTEM OF UNITS AI APPENDIX B PROPERTIES OF SELECTED ENGINEERING
MATERIALS A3 B.L DENSITY A3 B.2 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY B.3 POISSON S
RATIO A10 A6 XXII * CONTENTS B.4 STRENGTH AND DUCTILITY ALL B.5 PLANE
STRAIN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS A16 B.6 LINEAR COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL
EXPANSION A17 B.7 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY A21 B.8 SPECIFIC HEAT A24 B.9
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY A26 B.10 METAL ALLOY COMPOSITIONS A29 APPENDIX C
COSTS AND RELATIVE COSTS FOR SELECTED ENGINEERING MATERIALS A31 APPENDIX
E GLASS TRANSITION AND MELTING TEMPERATURES FOR COMMON POLYMERIE
MATERIALS A41 GLOSSARY GO ANSWCRS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS SL INDEX II
APPENDIX D REPEAT UNIT STRUCTURES FOR COMMON POLYMERS A37
|
| adam_txt |
SE VE EDITION MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AN INTRODUCTION WILLIAM
D. CALLISTER, JR. DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING THE UNIVERSITY
OF UTAH WITH SPECIAL CONTRIBUTIONS BY DAVID G. RETHWISCH THE UNIVERSITY
OF IOWA JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. LIST OF SYMBOLS XXIII /. INTRODUCTION 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 2 1.1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 2 1.2 MATERIALS SCIENCE
AND ENGINEERING 3 1.3 WHY STUDY MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING? 5 1.4
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS 5 1.5 ADVANCED MATERIALS 11 1.6 MODERN
MATERIALS' NEEDS 12 REFERENCES 13 2. ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND INTERATOMIC
BONDING 15 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 16 2.1 INTRODUCTION 16 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
16 2.2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS 16 2.3 ELECTRONS IN ATOMS 17 2.4 THE
PERIODIC TABLE 23 ATOMIC BONDING IN SOLIDS 24 2.5 BONDING FORCES AND
ENERGIES 24 2.6 PRIMARY INTERATOMIC BONDS 26 2.7 SECONDARY BONDING OR
VAN DER WAALS BONDING 30 2.8 MOLECULES 32 SUMMARY 34 IMPORTANT TERMS AND
CONCEPTS 34 REFERENCES 35 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 35 3. THE STRUCTURE OF
CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS 38 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 39 3.1 INTRODUCTION 39 CRYSTAL
STRUCTURES 39 3.2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS 39 3.3 UNIT CELLS 40 3.4 METALLIC
CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 41 3.5 DENSITY COMPUTATIONS 45 3.6 POLYMORPHISM AND
ALLOTROPY 46 * XV XVI * CONTENTS 3.7 CRYSTAL SYSTEMS 46 CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
POINTS, DIRECTIONS, AND PLANES 49 3.8 POINT COORDINATES 49 3.9
CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DIRECTIONS 51 3.10 CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC PLANES 55 3.11
LINEAR AND PLANAR DENSITIES 60 3.12 CLOSE-PACKED CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 61
CRYSTALLINA AND NONCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 63 3.13 SINGLE CRYSTALS 63 3.14
POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 64 3.15 ANISOTROPY 64 3.16 X-RAY DIFFRACTION:
DETERMINATION OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 66 3.17 NONCRYSTALLINE SOLIDS 71
SUMMARY 72 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 73 REFERENCES 73 QUESTIONS AND
PROBLEMS 74 4. IMPERFECTIONS IN SOLIDS 80 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7
4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 LEARNING OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION 81 81 POINT DEFECTS
81 VACANCIES AND SELF-INTERSTITIALS IMPURITIES IN SOLIDS 83
SPECIFICATION OF COMPOSITION 85 MLSCELLANEOUS IMPERFECTIONS 88
DISLOCATIONS-LINEAR DEFECTS 88 INTERFACIAL DEFECTS 92 BULK OR VOLUME
DEFECTS ATOMIC VIBRATIONS 96 MLCROSCOPIC EXAMINATION GENERAL 97
MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES GRAIN SIZE DETERMINATION SUMMARY 104 IMPORTANT
TERMS AND CONCEPTS 105 REFERENCES 105 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 106 DESIGN
PROBLEMS 108 81 96 97 8 102 5. DIFFUSION 109 110 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 5.1
INTRODUCTION 110 5.2 DIFFUSION MECHANISMS 111 5.3 STEADY-STATE DIFFUSION
112 5.4 NONSTEADY-STATE DIFFUSION 114 5.5 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE
DIFFUSION 118 5.6 OTHER DIFFUSION PATHS 125 SUMMARY 125 IMPORTANT TERMS
AND CONCEPTS 126 REFERENCES 126 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 126 DESIGN
PROBLEMS 129 6. MCCHANICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS 131 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
132 6.1 INTRODUCTION 132 6.2 CONCEPTS OF STRESS AND STRAIN 133 ELASTIC
DEFORMATION 137 6.3 STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR 137 6.4 ANELASTICITY 140 6.5
ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 141 PLASTIC DEFORMATION 143 6.6 TENSILE
PROPERTIES 144 6.7 TRUE STRESS AND STRAIN 151 6.8 ELASTIC RECOVERY AFTER
PLASTIC DEFORMATION 154 6.9 COMPRESSIVE, SHEAR, AND TORSIONAL
DEFORMATION 154 6.10 HARDNESS 155 PROPERTY VARIABILITY AND DESICN/SAFETY
FACTORS 161 6.11 VARIABILITY OF MATERIAL PROPERTIES 161 6.12
DESIGN/SAFETY FACTORS 163 SUMMARY 165 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 166
REFERENCES 166 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 166 DESIGN PROBLEMS 172 7.
DISLOCATIONS AND STRENGTHENING MECHANISMS 174 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6
7.7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 175 INTRODUCTION 175 DISLOCATIONS AND PLASTIC
DEFORMATION 175 BASIC CONCEPTS 175 CHARACTERISTICS OF DISLOCATIONS 178
SLIP SYSTEMS 179 SLIP IN SINGLE CRYSTALS 181 PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF
POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 185 DEFORMATION BY TWINNING 185 CONTENTS *
XVII MECHANISMS OF STRENGTHENING IN METALS 188 7.8 STRENGTHENING BY
GRAIN SIZE REDUCTION 188 7.9 SOLID-SOLUTION STRENGTHENING 190 7.10
STRAIN HARDENING 191 RECOVERY, RECRYSTALLIZATION, AND GRAIN GROWTH 194
7.11 RECOVERY 195 7.12 RECRYSTALLIZATION 195 7.13 GRAIN GROWTH 200
SUMMARY 201 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 202 REFERENCES 202 QUESTIONS
AND PROBLEMS 202 DESIGN PROBLEMS 206 8. FAILURC 207 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
208 8.1 INTRODUCTION 208 FRACTURE 208 8.2 FUNDAMENTALS OF FRACTURE 208
8.3 DUCTILE FRACTURE 209 8.4 BRITTLE FRACTURE 211 8.5 PRINCIPLES OF
FRACTURE MECHANICS 215 8.6 IMPACT FRACTURE TESTING 223 FATIGI'K 227 8.7
CYCLIC STRESSES 228 8.8 THE S-N CURVE 229 8.9 CRACK INITIATION AND
PROPAGATION 232 8.10 FACTORS THAT AFFECT FATIGUE LIFE 234 8.11
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 237 CREEP 238 8.12 GENERALIZED CREEP BEHAVIOR 238
8.13 STRESS AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS 239 8.14 DATA EXTRAPOLATION METHODS
241 8.15 ALLOYS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE USE 242 SUMMARY 243 IMPORTANT TERMS
AND CONCEPTS 245 REFERENCES 246 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 246 DESIGN
PROBLEMS 250 9. PHASE DIAGRAMS 252 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 253 9.1
INTRODUCTION 253 DEFINITIONS AND BASIC CONCEPTS 253 9.2 SOLUBILITY LIMIT
254 9.3 PHASES 254 9.4 MICROSTRUCTURE 255 9.5 PHASE EQUILIBRIA 255 9.6
ONE-COMPONENT (OR UNARY) PHASE DIAGRAMS 256 BINARY PHASE DIAGRAMS 258
9.7 BINARY ISOMORPHOUS SYSTEMS 258 9.8 INTERPRETATION OF PHASE DIAGRAMS
260 9.9 DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURE IN ISOMORPHOUS ALLOYS 264 9.10
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ISOMORPHOUS ALLOYS 268 9.11 BINARY EUTECTIC
SYSTEMS 269 9.12 DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURE IN EUTECTIC ALLOYS 276
9.13 EQUILIBRIUM DIAGRAMS HAVING INTERMEDIATE PHASES OR COMPOUNDS 282
9.14 EUTECTIC AND PERITECTIC REACTIONS 284 9.15 CONGRUENT PHASE
TRANSFORMATIONS 286 9.16 CERAMIC AND TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAMS 287 9.17 THE
GIBBS PHASE RULE 287 THE IRON-CARBON SYSTEM 290 9.18 THE IRON-IRON
CARBIDE (FE-FE 3 C) PHASE DIAGRAM 290 9.19 DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURE
IN IRON-CARBON ALLOYS 293 9.20 THE INFLUENCE OF OTHER ALLOYING ELEMENTS
301 SUMMARY 302 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 303 REFERENCES 303
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 304 10. PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN METALS:
DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURE AND ALTERATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
311 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 312 10.1 INTRODUCTION 312 PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
312 10.2 BASIC CONCEPTS 312 10.3 THE KINETICS OF PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
313 10.4 METASTABLE VERSUS EQUILIBRIUM STATES 324 XVIII * CONTENTS
MLCROSTRLCTURAL AND PROPKRTY CHANGES IN IRON-CARBON ALLOYS 324 10.5
ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION DIAGRAMS 325 10.6 CONTINUOUS COOLING
TRANSFORMATION DIAGRAMS 335 10.7 MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF IRON-CARBON
ALLOYS 339 10.8 TEMPERED MARTENSITE 343 10.9 REVIEW OF PHASE
TRANSFORMATIONS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR IRON-CARBON ALLOYS 346
SUMMARY 350 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 351 REFERENCES 352 QUESTIONS
AND PROBLEMS 352 DESIGN PROBLEMS 356 11. APPLICATIONS AND PROCESSING OF
METAL ALLOYS 358 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 359 11.1 INTRODUCTION 359 TYPES OF
METAL ALLOYS 359 11.2 FERROUS ALLOYS 359 11.3 NONFERROUS ALLOYS 372
FABRICATION OF METALS 382 11.4 FORMING OPERATIONS 383 11.5 CASTING 384
11.6 MISCELLANEOUS TECHNIQUES 386 THERMAL PROCESSING OF METALS 387 11.7
ANNEALING PROCESSES 388 11.8 HEAT TREATMENT OF STEELS 390 11.9
PRECIPITATION HARDENING 402 SUMMARY 407 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 409
REFERENCES 409 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 410 DESIGN PROBLEMS 411 12.
STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS 414 \2.\ 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 415 INTRODUCTION 415 CEKAMIC STRUCTURES 415 CRYSTAL
STRUCTURES 415 SILICATE CERAMICS 426 CARBON 430 IMPERFECTIONS IN
CERAMICS 434 DIFFUSION IN IONIC MATERIALS 438 14. 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4
14.5 12.7 CERAMIC PHASE DIAGRAMS 439 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 442 12.8
BRITTLE FRACTURE OF CERAMICS 442 12.9 STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR 447 12.10
MECHANISMS OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION 449 12.11 MISCELLANEOUS MECHANICAL
CONSIDERATIONS 451 SUMMARY 453 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 454
REFERENCES 454 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 455 DESIGN PROBLEMS 459 13.
APPLICATIONS AND PROCESSING OF CERAMICS 460 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 461 13.1
INTRODUCTION 461 TYPES AND APPLICATIONS OF CERAMICS 461 13.2 GLASSES 461
13.3 GLASS-CERAMICS 462 13.4 CLAY PRODUCTS 463 13.5 REFRACTORIES 464
13.6 ABRASIVES 466 13.7 CEMENTS 467 13.8 ADVANCED CERAMICS 468
FABRICATION AND PROCESSING OF CERAMICS 471 13.9 FABRICATION AND
PROCESSING OF GLASSES AND GLASS-CERAMICS 471 13.10 FABRICATION AND
PROCESSING OF CLAY PRODUCTS 476 13.11 POWDER PRESSING 481 13.12 TAPE
CASTING 484 SUMMARY 484 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 486 REFERENCES 486
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 486 DESIGN PROBLEM 488 14. POLYMER STRUCTURES 489
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 490 INTRODUCTION 490 HYDROCARBON MOLECULES 490
POLYMER MOLECULES 492 THE CHEMISTRY OF POLYMER MOLECULES 493 MOLECULAR
WEIGHT 497 CONTENTS * XIX 14.6 MOLECULAR SHAPE 500 14.7 MOLECULAR
STRUCTURE 501 14.8 MOLECULAR CONFIGURATIONS 503 14.9 THERMOPLASTIC AND
THERMOSETTING POLYMERS 506 14.10 COPOLYMERS 507 14.11 POLYMER
CRYSTALLINITY 508 14.12 POLYMER CRYSTALS 512 14.13 DEFECTS IN POLYMERS
514 14.14 DIFFUSION IN POLYMERIE MATERIALS 515 SUMMARY 517 IMPORTANT
TERMS AND CONCEPTS 519 REFERENCES 519 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 519 15.
CHARACTERISTICS, APPLICATIONS, AND PROCESSING OFPOLYMERS 523 LEARNING
OBJECTIVES 524 15.1 INTRODUCTION 524 MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF POLYMERS 524
15.2 STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR 524 15.3 MACROSCOPIC DEFORMATION 527 15.4
VISCOELASTIC DEFORMATION 527 15.5 FRACTURE OF POLYMERS 532 15.6
MISCELLANEOUS MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS 533 MECHANISMS OF DEFORMATION
AND FOR STRENGTHENING OF POI.YMF.RS 535 15.7 DEFORMATION OF
SEMICRYSTALLINE POLYMERS 535 15.8 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF SEMICRYSTALLINE POLYMERS 538 15.9 DEFORMATION OF
ELASTOMERS 541 CRYSTALUZATION, MELTING, AND GLASS TRANSITION PHENOMENA
IN POLYMERS 544 15.10 CRYSTALLIZATION 544 15.11 MELTING 545 15.12 THE
GLASS TRANSITION 545 15.13 MELTING AND GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURES 546
15.14 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE MELTING AND GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURES
547 POLYMER TYPES 549 15.15 PLASTICS 549 15.16 ELASTOMERS 552 15.17
FIBERS 554 15.18 MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS 555 15.19 ADVANCED POLYMERIE
MATERIALS 556 POLYMER SYNTIIESIS AND PROCESSING 560 15.20 POLYMERIZATION
561 15.21 POLYMER ADDITIVES 563 15.22 FORMING TECHNIQUES FOR PLASTICS
15.23 FABRICATION OF ELASTOMERS 567 15.24 FABRICATION OF FIBERS AND
FILMS SUMMARY 569 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 571 REFERENCES 571
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 572 DESIGN QUESTIONS 576 565 568 16. COMPOSITES
577 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 16.10 16.11 16.12 16.13
16.14 16.15 LEARNING OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION 578 578 PARTICLE-REINFORCED
COMPOSITES 580 580 LARGE-PARTICLE COMPOSITES DISPERSION-STRENGTHENED
COMPOSITES 584 FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES 585 INFLUENCE OF FIBER LENGTH
585 INFLUENCE OF FIBER ORIENTATION AND CONCENTRATION 586 THE FIBER PHASE
595 THE MATRIX PHASE 596 POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITES 597 METAL-MATRIX
COMPOSITES 603 CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES 605 CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES
606 HYBRID COMPOSITES 607 PROCESSING OF FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES 607
STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES 610 LAMINAR COMPOSITES 610 SANDWICH PANELS 611
SUMMARY 613 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 615 REFERENCES 616 QUESTIONS
AND PROBLEMS 616 DESIGN PROBLEMS 619 1 7. CORROSION AND DEGRADATION OF
MATERIALS 621 17.1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION 622 622 CORROSION OF
METALS 622 17.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL CONSIDERATIONS 17.3 CORROSION RATES 630
623 XX * CONTENTS 17.4 PREDICTION OF CORROSION RATES 17.5 PASSIVITY 638
17.6 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 640 17.7 FORMS OF CORROSION 640 17.8
CORROSION ENVIRONMENTS 648 17.9 CORROSION PREVENTION 649 17.10 OXIDATION
651 CORROSION OF CERAMIC MATERIALS DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS 655 17.11
SWELLING AND DISSOLUTION 655 17.12 BOND RUPTURE 657 17.13 WEATHERING 658
SUMMARY 659 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS REFERENCES 661 QUESTIONS AND
PROBLEMS 661 DESIGN PROBLEMS 644 18. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES 665 631 654
18.20 18.21 18.22 18.23 18.24 18.25 TYPES OF POLARIZATION 708 FREQUENCY
DEPENDENCE OF THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT 709 DIELECTRIC STRENGTH 711
DIELECTRIC MATERIALS 711 OTHER ELECTRICAL MATERIALS 711 CHARACTERISTICS
OF 660 41 FERROELECTRICITY 711 PIEZOELECTRICITY 712 SUMMARY 713
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS REFERENCES 715 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 716
DESIGN PROBLEMS 720 19. THERMAL PROPERTIES WL 715 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4
18.5 18.6 LEARNING OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION 666 666 666 668 18.7 18.8
18.9 18.10 18.11 18.12 18.13 18.14 18.15 18.16 18.17 18.18 18.19
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION OHM'S LAW 666 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY 667
ELECTRONIC AND IONIC CONDUCTION ENERGY BAND STRUCTURES IN SOLIDS 668
CONDUCTION IN TERMS OF BAND AND ATOMIC BONDING MODELS 671 ELECTRON
MOBILITY 673 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF METALS 674 ELECTRICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMERCIAL ALLOYS 677 SEMICONDUCTIVTTY 679 INTRINSIC
SEMICONDUCTION 679 EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTION 682 THE TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENCE OF CARRIER CONCENTRATION 686 FACTORS THAT AFFECT CARRIER
MOBILITY 688 THE HALL EFFECT 692 SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES 694 ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTION IN IONIC CERAMICS AND IN POLYMERS 700 CONDUCTION IN IONIC
MATERIALS 701 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS 701 DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR
702 CAPACITANCE 703 FIELD VECTORS AND POLARIZATION 704 LEARNING
OBJECTIVES W2 19.1 INTRODUCTION W2 19.2 HEAT CAPACITY W2 19.3 THERMAL
EXPANSION W4 19.4 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY W7 19.5 THERMAL STRESSES W12
SUMMARY W14 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS REFERENCES W15 QUESTIONS AND
PROBLEMS W15 DESIGN PROBLEMS W17 W15 ^ O 20. MAGNETIC PROPERTIES W19
LEARNING OBJECTIVES W20 20.1 INTRODUCTION W20 20.2 BASIC CONCEPTS W20
20.3 DIAMAGNETISM AND PARAMAGNETISM W24 20.4 FERROMAGNETISM W26 20.5
ANTIFERROMAGNETISM AND FERRIMAGNETISM W28 20.6 THE INFLUENCE OF
TEMPERATURE ON MAGNETIC BEHAVIOR W32 20.7 DOMAINS AND HYSTERESIS W33
20.8 MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY W37 20.9 SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS W38 20.10 HARD
MAGNETIC MATERIALS W41 20.11 MAGNETIC STORAGE W44 20.12
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY W47 SUMMARY W50 IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS W52
REFERENCES W52 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS W53 DESIGN PROBLEMS W56 CONTENTS *
XXI (FL 21. OPTICAL PROPERTIES W57 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 LEARNING
OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION W58 W58 4L BASIC CONCEPTS W58 ELECTROMAGNETIC
RADIATION W58 LIGHT INTERACTIONS WITH SOLIDS W60 ATOMIC AND ELECTRONIC
INTERACTIONS W61 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS W62 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF
NONMETALS W63 21.5 REFRACTION W63 21.6 REFLECTION W65 21.7 ABSORPTION
W65 21.8 TRANSMISSION W68 21.9 COLOR W69 21.10 OPACITY AND TRANSLUCENCY
IN INSULATORS W71 APPLICATIONS OF OPTICAL PHENOMENA W72 21.11
LUMINESCENCE W72 21.12 PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY W72 21.13 LASERS W75 21.14
OPTICAL FIBERS IN COMMUNICATIONS W79 SUMMARY W82 IMPORTANT TERMS AND
CONCEPTS W83 REFERENCES W84 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS W84 DESIGN PROBLEM
W85 22. MATERIALS SELECTION AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS W86 22.8 22.9
22.10 22.11 22.12 22.13 22.14 TESTING PROCEDURE AND RESULTS DISCUSSION
W108 W102 '4L ARTIFICIAL TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT W108 ANATOMY OF THE HIP
JOINT W108 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS WILL MATERIALS EMPLOYED W112 CHEMICAL
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING W115 INTRODUCTION W115 ASSESSMENT OF CPC GLOVE
MATERIALS TO PROTECT AGAINST EXPOSURE TO METHYLENE CHLORIDE W115
MATERIALS FOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT PACKAGES W119 22.15 INTRODUCTION W119
22.16 LEADFRAME DESIGN AND MATERIALS W120 22.17 DIE BONDING W121 22.18
WIRE BONDING W124 22.19 PACKAGE ENCAPSULATION W125 22.20 TAPE AUTOMATED
BONDING W127 SUMMARY W129 REFERENCES W130 DESIGN QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS
W131 23. ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SOCIETAL ISSUES IN MATERIALS
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING W135 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 22.7 LEARNING
OBJECTIVES W87 INTRODUCTION W87 MATERIALS SELECTION FOR A TORSIONALLY
STRESSED CYLINDRICAL SHAFT W87 STRENGTH CONSIDERATIONS-TOERSIONALLY
STRESSED SHAFT W88 OTHER PROPERTY CONSIDERATIONS AND THE FINAL DECISION
W93 AUTOMOTIVE VALVE SPRING W94 MECHANICS OF SPRING DEFORMATION W94
VALVE SPRING DESIGN AND MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS W95 ONE COMMONLY EMPLOYED
STEEL ALLOY W98 FAILURE OF AN AUTOMOBILE REAR AXLE W101 INTRODUCTION
W101 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 LEARNING OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION W136 W136
ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS W136 COMPONENT DESIGN W137 MATERIALS W137
MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES W137 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIETAL CONSIDERATIONS
W137 RECYCLING ISSUES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING W140 SUMMARY
W143 REFERENCES W143 DESIGN QUESTION W144 APPENDIX A THE INTERNATIONAL
SYSTEM OF UNITS AI APPENDIX B PROPERTIES OF SELECTED ENGINEERING
MATERIALS A3 B.L DENSITY A3 B.2 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY B.3 POISSON'S
RATIO A10 A6 XXII * CONTENTS B.4 STRENGTH AND DUCTILITY ALL B.5 PLANE
STRAIN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS A16 B.6 LINEAR COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL
EXPANSION A17 B.7 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY A21 B.8 SPECIFIC HEAT A24 B.9
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY A26 B.10 METAL ALLOY COMPOSITIONS A29 APPENDIX C
COSTS AND RELATIVE COSTS FOR SELECTED ENGINEERING MATERIALS A31 APPENDIX
E GLASS TRANSITION AND MELTING TEMPERATURES FOR COMMON POLYMERIE
MATERIALS A41 GLOSSARY GO ANSWCRS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS SL INDEX II
APPENDIX D REPEAT UNIT STRUCTURES FOR COMMON POLYMERS A37 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Callister, William D. |
| author_facet | Callister, William D. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Callister, William D. |
| author_variant | w d c wd wdc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021321384 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TA403 |
| callnumber-raw | TA403 |
| callnumber-search | TA403 |
| callnumber-sort | TA 3403 |
| callnumber-subject | TA - General and Civil Engineering |
| classification_rvk | UQ 8000 ZM 3000 |
| classification_tum | WER 001f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)61463872 (DE-599)BVBBV021321384 |
| dewey-full | 620.1/1 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| dewey-raw | 620.1/1 |
| dewey-search | 620.1/1 |
| dewey-sort | 3620.1 11 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Physik Werkstoffwissenschaften Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| discipline_str_mv | Physik Werkstoffwissenschaften Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| edition | 7. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:35:37Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0471736961 9780471736967 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Callister, William D. Verfasser aut Materials science and engineering an introduction William D. Callister 7. ed. New York, NY Wiley 2007 getr. Zählung zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Malzeme bilimi Materiaalkunde gtt Mühendislik Materials Werkstoffforschung (DE-588)4189670-1 gnd rswk-swf Werkstoffkunde (DE-588)4079184-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143389-0 Aufgabensammlung gnd-content (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Werkstoffforschung (DE-588)4189670-1 s Werkstoffkunde (DE-588)4079184-1 s 1\p DE-604 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0625/2005054228-t.html Inhaltsverzeichnis http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0625/2005054228-d.html Beschreibung für Leser http://www3.ub.tu-berlin.de/ihv/001735386.pdf Inhaltsverzeichnis GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014641776&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Callister, William D. Materials science and engineering an introduction Malzeme bilimi Materiaalkunde gtt Mühendislik Materials Werkstoffforschung (DE-588)4189670-1 gnd Werkstoffkunde (DE-588)4079184-1 gnd |
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| title | Materials science and engineering an introduction |
| title_auth | Materials science and engineering an introduction |
| title_exact_search | Materials science and engineering an introduction |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Materials science and engineering an introduction |
| title_full | Materials science and engineering an introduction William D. Callister |
| title_fullStr | Materials science and engineering an introduction William D. Callister |
| title_full_unstemmed | Materials science and engineering an introduction William D. Callister |
| title_short | Materials science and engineering |
| title_sort | materials science and engineering an introduction |
| title_sub | an introduction |
| topic | Malzeme bilimi Materiaalkunde gtt Mühendislik Materials Werkstoffforschung (DE-588)4189670-1 gnd Werkstoffkunde (DE-588)4079184-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Malzeme bilimi Materiaalkunde Mühendislik Materials Werkstoffforschung Werkstoffkunde Aufgabensammlung Lehrbuch |
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Inhaltsverzeichnis
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