Essentials of genetics:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Upper Saddle River, NJ
Prentice Hall
2005
|
| Ausgabe: | 5. ed., internat. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 568, [54] S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0131290290 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Essentials of genetics |c William S. Klug ; Michael R. Cummings |
| 250 | |a 5. ed., internat. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Upper Saddle River, NJ |b Prentice Hall |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a XVIII, 568, [54] S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135114055090176 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | 1 An Introduction to Genetics 1
2 Mitosis and Meiosis 17
3 Mendelian Genetics 38
4 Modification of Mendelian
Ratios 60
5 Sex Determination and Sex
Chromosomes 92
6 Quantitative Genetics 113
7 Chromosome Mutations: Variation
in Number and Arrangement 133
8 Linkage and Chromosome
Mapping in Eukaryotes 156
9 Mapping in Bacteria and
Bacteriophages 182
10 DNA Structure and Analysis 205
11 DNA—Replication and
Synthesis 231
12 Chromosome Structure and DNA
Sequence Organization 253
13 The Genetic Code and
Transcription 272
14 Translation and Proteins 295
15 Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and
Transposable Elements 322
16 Regulation of Gene
Expression 352
17 Recombinant DNA
Technology 377
18 Genomics, Bioinformatics, and
Proteomics 401
19 Applications and Ethics of
Biotechnology 433
20 Genes and Development 460
21 The Genetic Basis of Cancer 480
22 Population Genetics 501
23 Genetics and Evolution 528
24 Conservation Genetics 552
PREFACE xiv
chapter 1 ^m^mmmmmmmmm
An Introduction to Genetics 1
1.1 Genetics Has a Rich and Interesting History 2
1.2 Nucleic Acids and Proteins Serve as the
Molecular Basis of Genetics 6
1.3 Genetics Has Been Investigated Using Many
Different Approaches 8
1.4 Genetics Has a Profound Impact
on Society 10
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
The Frankenfood Debates: Genetically Modified Foods 14
Chapter Summary 15
Key Terms 15
Problems and Discussion Questions 15
Selected Readings 16
CHAPTER 2 i^HMHHHMHBHHBi
Mitosis and Meiosis 17
2.1 Cell Structure Is Closely Tied to Genetic
Function 18
2.2 Chromosomes Exist in Homologous Pairs
in Diploid Organisms 20
2.3 Mitosis Partitions Chromosomes into
Dividing Cells 22
2.4 The Cell Cycle Is Genetically Regulated 26
2.5 Meiosis Reduces the Chromosome Number
from Diploid to Haploid in Germ Cells
and Spores 27
2.6 The Development of Gametes Varies During
Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis 31
2.7 Meiosis Is Critical to the Successful Sexual
Reproduction of All Diploid Organisms 32
2.8 Electron Microscopy Has Revealed the
Cytological Nature of Mitotic and Meiotic
Chromosomes 32
Chapter Summary 34
Key Terms 34
Insights and Solutions 35
Problems and Discussion Questions 36
Selected Readings 37
CHAPTER 3 MHHHHHHMHHH
Mendelian Genetics 38
3.1 Mendel Used a Model Experimental Approach
to Study Patterns of Inheritance 39
3.2 The Monohybrid Cross Reveals How One Trait Is
Transmitted from Generation to Generation 40
3.3 Mendel s Dihybrid Cross Generated a Unique
F2 Ratio 43
3.4 The Trihybrid Cross Demonstrates that
Mendel s Principles Apply to Inheritance
of Multiple Traits 46
3.5 Mendel s Work Was Rediscovered in the Early
Twentieth Century 47
3.6 Independent Assortment Leads to Extensive
Genetic Variation 49
3.7 Laws of Probability Help to Explain
Genetic Events 49
How Mendel s Peas Become Wrinkled:
A Molecular E planation 49
3.8 Chi Square Analysis Evaluates the Influence
of Chance on Genetic Data 50
3.9 Pedigrees Reveal Patterns of Inheritance
in Humans 52
Chapter Summary 54
Key Terms 54
Insights and Solutions 54
Problems and Discussion Questions 56
Selected Readings 59
chapter 4 mmKamammmmm^m
Modification of Mendelian Ratios 60
4.1 Alleles Alter Phenotypes in Different Ways 61
4.2 Geneticists Use a Variety of Symbols for Alleles 62
4.3 Neither Allele Is Dominant in Incomplete, or
Partial, Dominance 62
4.4 In Codominance, the Influence of Both Alleles
in a Heterozygote Is Clearly Evident 63
4.5 Multiple Alleles of a Gene May Exist
in a Population 63
4.6 Lethal Alleles Represent Essential Genes 64
4.7 Combinations of Two Gene Pairs with Two Modes
of Inheritance Modify the 9:3:3:1 Ratio 66
4.8 Phenotypes Are Often Affected by More than
One Gene 66
VII
4.9 Complementation Analysis Can Determine if
Two Mutations Causing a Similar Phenotype
AreAlleles71
4.10 X Linkage Describes Genes on the
X Chromosome 72
4.11 In Sex Limited and Sex Influenced Inheritance,
an Individual s Sex Influences the
Phenotype 74
4.12 Phenotypic Expression Is Not Always a Direct
Reflection of the Genotype 75
4.13 Extranuclear Inheritance Modifies Mendelian
Patterns 78
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Improving the Genetic Fate of Purebred Dogs 83
Chapter Summary 84
Key Terms 84
Insights and Solutions 85
Problems and Discussion Questions 86
Selected Readings 91
chapter 5 mmmmmmmmmmti^m
Sex Determination and Sex
Chromosomes 92
5.1 Life Cycles Depend on Sexual Differentiation 93
5.2 X and Y Chromosomes Were First Linked to Sex
Determination Early in the Twentieth Century 96
5.3 The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness
in Humans 98
5.4 The Ratio of Males to Females in Humans
Is Not 1.0 102
5.5 Dosage Compensation Prevents Excessive
Expression of X Linked Genes in Humans and
Other Mammals 103
5.6 The Ratio of X Chromosomes to Sets of
Autosomes Determines Sex in Drosophila 105
5.7 Temperature Variation Controls Sex
Determination in Reptiles 107
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
A Question of Gender: Sex Selection in Humans 108
Chapter Summary 109
Key Terms 109
Insights and Solutions 110
Problems and Discussion Questions 110
Selected Readings 112
CHAPTER 6 ¦¦¦1HHHHHHHH
Quantitative Genetics 113
6.1 Continuous Variation Characterizes the
Inheritance of Quantitative Traits 114
6.2 The Study of Polygenic Traits Relies on Statistical
Analysis 119
6.3 Heritability Is a Measure of the Genetic
Contribution to Phenotypic Variability 121
6.4 Quantitative Trait Loci Can Be Mapped 124
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
The Green Revolution Revisited 126
Chapter Summary 127
Key Terms 127
Insights and Solutions 128
Problems and Discussion Questions 129
Selected Readings 132
CHAPTER 7 ^^^^^^^^^^^H
Chromosome Mutations: Variation
in Number and Arrangement 133
7.1 Specific Terminology Describes Variations in
Chromosome Number 134
7.2 Variation in the Number of Chromosomes Results
from Nondisjunction 134
7.3 Monosomy, the Loss of a Single Chromosome,
May Have Severe Phenotypic Effects 135
7.4 Trisomy Involves the Addition of a Chromosome
to a Diploid Genome 136
7.5 Polyploidy, in Which More than Two Haploid Sets
of Chromosomes Are Present, Is Prevalent
in Plants 139
7.6 Variation Occurs in the Structure and
Arrangement of Chromosomes 141
7.7 A Deletion Is a Missing Region
of a Chromosome 142
7.8 A Duplication Is a Repeated Segment
of a Chromosome 142
7.9 Inversions Rearrange the Linear Gene
Sequence 145
7.10 Translocations Alter the Location of
Chromosomal Segments in the Genome 146
7.11 Fragile Sites in Humans Are Susceptible to
Chromosome Breakage 149
Chapter Summary 151
Key Terms 151
Insights and Solutions 152
Problems and Discussion Questions 153
Selected Readings 154
CHAPTER 8 M^H^HHI^^HHI
Linkage and Chromosome Mapping
in Eukaryotes 156
8.1 Genes Linked on the Same Chromosome
Segregate Together 157
8.2 Crossing over Serves as the Basis of Determining
the Distance Between Genes During
Mapping 159
8.3 Determining the Gene Sequence During
Mapping Relies on the Analysis of Multiple
Crossovers 162
8.4 As the Distance Between Two Genes Increases,
Mapping Estimates Become More
Inaccurate 168
8.5 Drosophila Genes Have Been Extensively
Mapped 169
8.6 Lod Score Analysis and Somatic Cell
Hybridization Were Historically Important
in Creating Human Chromosome Maps 169
8.7 Linkage and Mapping Studies Can Be Performed
in Haploid Organisms 171
8.8 Other Aspects of Genetic Exchange 173
8.9 Did Mendel Encounter Linkage? 175
Why Didn t Gregor Mendel Find Linkage? 175
Chapter Summary 176
Key Terms 176
Insights and Solutions 176
Problems and Discussion Questions 178
Selected Readings 181
CHAPTER 9 ¦HHMHMHHHHHH
Mapping in Bacteria and
Bacteriophages 182
9.1 Bacteria Mutate Spontaneously and Grow
at an Exponential Rate 183
9.2 Conjugation Is One Means of Genetic
Recombination in Bacteria 184
9.3 Rec Proteins Are Essential to Bacterial
Recombination 190
9.4 F Factors Are Plasmids 191
9.5 Transformation Is Another Process Leading
to Genetic Recombination in Bacteria 191
9.6 Bacteriophages Are Bacterial Viruses 192
9.7 Transduction Is Virus Mediated Bacterial
DNA Transfer 195
9.8 Bacteriophages Undergo Intergenic
Recombination 197
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Eradicating Cholera: Edible Vaccines 199
Chapter Summary 200
Key Terms 200
Insights and Solutions 201
Problems and Discussion Questions 202
Selected Readings 204
CHAPTER 10 ¦¦¦MHMMHHH
DNA Structure and Analysis 205
10.1 The Genetic Material Must Exhibit Four
Characteristics 206
10.2 Until 1944, Observations Favored Protein
as the Genetic Material 207
10.3 Evidence Favoring DNA as the Genetic Material
Was First Obtained During the Study of
Bacteria and Bacteriophages 207
10.4 Indirect and Direct Evidence Supports
the Concept that DNA Is the Genetic Material
in Eukaryotes 211
10.5 RNA Serves as the Genetic Material in
Some Viruses 213
10.6 The Structure of DNA Holds the Key
to Understanding Its Function 214
Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid 219
10.7 Alternative Forms of DNA Exist 220
10.8 The Structure of RNA Is Chemically Similar to
DNA, but Single Stranded 221
10.9 Many Analytical Techniques Have Been Useful
During the Investigation of DNA and RNA 222
10.10 Nucleic Acids Can Be Separated Using
Electrophoresis 225
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
The Twists and Turns of the Helical Revolution 226
Chapter Summary 227
Key Terms 227
Insights and Solutions 228
Problems and Discussion Questions 228
Selected Readings 230
chapter 11 ^mmmtmm^mmmm
DNA—Replication and Synthesis 231
11.1 DNA Is Reproduced by Semiconservative
Replication 232
11.2 DNA Synthesis in Bacteria Involves Three
Polymerases, as Well as Other Enzymes 236
11.3 Many Complex Issues Must Be Resolved During
DNA Replication 238
11.4 A Coherent Model Summarizes DNA
Replication 241
11.5 Replication Is Controlled by a Variety
of Genes 242
11.6 Eukaryotic DNA Synthesis Is Similar to, but More
Complex than. Synthesis in Prokaryotes 242
11.7 The Ends of Linear Chromosomes Are
Problematic During Replication 244
11.8 DNA Recombination, Like DNA Replication,
Is Directed by Specific Enzymes 245
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Telomerase: The Key to Immortality? 248
Chapter Summary 249
Key Terms 249
Insights and Solutions 250
Problems and Discussion Questions 250
Selected Readings 251
CHAPTER 12 ^HI^^^^^^^^HHM
Chromosome Structure and DNA
Sequence Organization 253
12.1 Viral and Bacterial Chromosomes Are Relatively
Simple DNA Molecules 254
12.2 Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Contain DNA
Similar to Bacteria and Viruses 255
12.3 Specialized Chromosomes Reveal Variations
in the Organization of DNA 258
12.4 DNA Is Organized into Chromatin
in Eukaryotes 260
12.5 Eukaryotic Genomes Demonstrate Complex
Sequence Organization Characterized
by Repetitive DNA 264
12.6 The Vast Majority of a Eukaryotic Genome Does
Not Encode Functional Genes 267
Chapter Summary 267
Key Terms 268
Insights and Solutions 268
Problems and Discussion Questions 269
Selected Readings 271
chapter 13 m^m^mmmmm^^mm
The Genetic Code and
Transcription 272
13.1 The Genetic Code Exhibits a Number
of Characteristics 273
13.2 Early Studies Established the Basic Operational
Patterns of the Code 274
13.3 Studies by Nirenberg, Matthaei, and Others
Deciphered the Code 274
13.4 The Coding Dictionary Reveals the Function
of the 64 Triplets 278
13.5 The Genetic Code Has Been Confirmed in Studies
of Bacteriophage MS2 279
13.6 The Genetic Code Is Nearly Universal 280
13.7 Transcription Synthesizes RNA on a DNA
Template 280
13.8 RNA Polymerase Directs RNA Synthesis 281
13.9 Transcription in Eukaryotes Differs from
Prokaryotic Transcription in Several Ways 282
13.10 The Coding Regions of Eukaryotic Genes Are
Interrupted by Intervening Sequences 285
13.11 RNA Editing Modifies the Final Transcript 288
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Antisense Oligonucleotides: Attacking the Messenger 289
Chapter Summary 290
Key Terms 290
Insights and Solutions 291
Problems and Discussion Questions 291
Selected Readings 294
CHAPTER 14 ¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦
Translation and Proteins 295
14.1 Translation of mRNA Depends on Ribosomes
and Transfer RNAs 296
14.2 Translation of mRNA Can Be Divided into
Three Steps 299
14.3 Crystallographic Analysis Has Revealed Many
Details About the Functional Prokaryotic
Ribosome 303
14.4 Translation Is More Complex in Eukaryotes 303
14.5 The Initial Insight that Proteins Are Important
in Heredity Was Provided by the Study of
Inborn Errors of Metabolism 304
14.6 Studies of Neurospora Led to the
One Gene: One Enzyme Hypothesis 305
14.7 Studies of Human Hemoglobin Established that
One Gene Encodes One Polypeptide 307
14.8 The Nucleotide Sequence of a Gene and the
Amino Acid Sequence of the Corresponding
Protein Exhibit Colinearity 309
14.9 Protein Structure Is the Basis of Biological
Diversity 309
14.10 Posttranslational Modification Alters the Final
Protein Product 312
14.11 Protein Function Is Directly Related to the
Structure of the Molecule 313
14.12 Proteins Consist of Functional Domains 314
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Mad Cows and Heresies: The Priori Story 316
Chapter Summary 317
Key Terms 317
Insights and Solutions 318
Problems and Discussion Questions 318
Selected Readings 320
CHAPTER 15 ¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦
Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and
Transposable Elements 322
15.1 Mutations May Be Classified in Various Ways 323
15.2 Genetic Techniques, Cell Cultures, and Pedigree
Analysis Are All Used to Detect Mutations 324
15.3 The Spontaneous Mutation Rate Varies Greatly
Among Organisms 327
15.4 Mutations Occur in Many Forms and Arise
in Different Ways 327
15.5 Ultraviolet and Ionizing Radiation Are
Mutagenic 331
15.6 Gene Sequencing Has Enhanced Understanding
of Mutations in Humans 332
15.7 The Ames Test Is Used to Assess the Mutagenicity
of Compounds 334
15.8 Organisms Can Counteract DNA Damage by
Activating Several Types of Repair Systems 335
15.9 Site Directed Mutagenesis Allows Researchers to
Investigate Specific Genes 340
15.10 Transposable Genetic Elements Move Within the
Genome and May Disrupt Genetic Function 341
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Chernobyl s Legacy 345
Chapter Summary 346
Key Terms 346
Insights and Solutions 347
Problems and Discussion Questions 348
Selected Readings 350
CHAPTER 16 ¦¦¦^^¦¦MH^^HI
Regulation of Gene Expression 352
16.1 Prokaryotes Exhibit Efficient Genetic Mechanisms
to Respond to Environmental Conditions 353
16.2 Lactose Metabolism in E. coli Is Regulated by an
Inducible System 353
16.3 Crystal Structure Analysis of Repressor Complexes
Has Confirmed the Operon Model 359
16.4 Tryptophan Metabolism in E. coli Is Controlled
by a Repressible Gene System 360
16.5 Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Differs from
Regulation in Prokaryotes 362
16.6 Regulatory Elements and Transcription Factors
Control the Expression of Eukaryotic Genes 363
16.7 Steroid Hormones Regulate Some Genes 368
16.8 Posttranscriptional Events Also Regulate Gene
Expression 368
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Why Is There No Effective AIDS Vaccine? 370
Chapter Summary 371
Key Terms 371
Insights and Solutions 372
Problems and Discussion Questions 372
Selected Readings 376
chapter 17 wammmmmmm^mmm
Recombinant DNA Technology 377
17.1 An Overview of Recombinant DNA
Technology 378
17.2 Recombinant DNA Molecules Are Constructed
Using Several Components 378
17.3 Cloning in Prokaryotic Host Cells 382
17.4 Cloning in Eukaryotic Host Cells 382
17.5 The Polymerase Chain Reaction Permits Cloning
Without Host Cells 383
17.6 Libraries Are Collections of Cloned
Sequences 385
17.7 Specific Clones Can Be Recovered
from a Library 386
17.8 Cloned Sequences Can Be Characterized
in Several Ways 388
17.9 DNA Sequencing: The Ultimate Way to
Characterize a Clone 392
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Beyond Dolly: The Cloning of Humans 395
Chapter Summary 396
Key Terms 396
Insights and Solutions 396
Problems and Discussion Questions 397
Selected Readings 400
chapter 18 ^mm^m^^^m^^m
Genomics, Bioinformatics,
and Proteomics 401
18.1 Genomics: Sequencing Helps Identify and Map
All Genes in a Genome 402
18.2 Bioinformatics Provides Tools for Analyzing
Genomic Information 403
18.3 Functional Genomics Classifies Genes
and Identifies Their Functions 405
18.4 Prokaryotic Genomes Have Some Unexpected
Features 408
18.5 Eukaryotic Genomes Have a Mosaic of
Organizational Patterns 411
18.6 Genomics Provides Insight into Genome
Evolution 416
18.7 Comparative Genomics: Multigene Families
Diversify Gene Function 419
18.8 Proteomics Identifies and Analyzes the
Proteins in a Cell 422
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Footprints of a Killer 426
Chapter Summary 427
Key Terms 427
Insights and Solutions 428
Problems and Discussion Questions 428
Selected Readings 432
CHAPTER 19 ¦IMMHHaHlHaBH
Applications and Ethics
of Biotechnology 433
19.1 Biotechnology Has Revolutionized
Agriculture 434
19.2 Pharmaceutical Products Are Synthesized
in Genetically Altered Organisms 436
19.3 Biotechnology Is Used to Diagnose and Screen
Genetic Disorders 439
19.4 Genetic Disorders Can Be Treated by Gene
Therapy 444
19.5 Gene Therapy Raises Many Ethical Concerns 447
19.6 Ethical Issues Are an Outgrowth of the Human
Genome Project 447
19.7 Mapping Human Genes with Recombinant
DNA Technology 448
19.8 DNA Fingerprints Can Identify Individuals 451
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Gene Therapy—Two Steps Forward or Two Steps Back? 453
Chapter Summary 454
Key Terms 454
Insights and Solutions 454
Problems and Discussion Questions 455
Selected Readings 459
CHAPTER 20 ¦¦^HHMHH^HIH
Genes and Development 460
20.1 Basic Concepts in Developmental Genetics 461
20.2 Maternal and Zygotic Genes Interact to Establish
the Body Axis in Drosophila 461
20.3 Homeotic Genes Control Pattern Formation Along
the Anterior Posterior Body Axis 467
20.4 Cell Cell Interactions Can Control
Developmental Fate 471
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Stem Cell Wars 475
Chapter Summary 476
Key Terms 476
Insights and Solutions 476
Problems and Discussion Questions 477
Selected Readings 479
chapter 21 wmmmmmm^mmKm
The Genetic Basis of Cancer 480
21.1 Cancer as a Disorder of the Cell Cycle 481
21.2 Genes that Control the Cell Cycle Are Involved
in Cancer 483
21.3 Tumor Suppressor Genes Repress Cell
Division 484
21.4 Proto oncogenes Promote or Maintain Cell
Division 487
21.5 Colon Cancer as a Genetic Model of Cancer 490
21.6 The Pathway to Cancer Leads Through
Gatekeeper and Caretaker Genes 492
21.7 Chromosomal Translocations Are a Hallmark
of Leukemia 492
21.8 Environmental Factors Contribute
to Cancer 493
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY. AND SOCIETY
The Double Edged Sword of Genetic Testing: The Case of
Breast Cancer 496
Chapter Summary 497
Key Terms 497
Insights and Solutions 497
Problems and Discussion Questions 498
Selected Readings 500
CHAPTER 22 ¦¦¦¦¦^^^^¦^¦H
Population Genetics 501
22.1 Populations and Gene Pools 502
22.2 Calculating Allele Frequencies 502
22.3 The Hardy Weinberg Law 505
22.4 Extensions of the Hardy Weinberg Law 508
22.5 Using the Hardy Weinberg Law: Calculating
Heterozygote Frequency 509
22.6 Natural Selection 509
22.7 Mutation 514
22.8 Migration 516
22.9 Genetic Drift 517
22.10 Nonrandom Mating 520
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Tracking Our Genetic Footprints out of Africa 523
Chapter Summary 524
Key Terms 524
Insights and Solutions 525
Problems and Discussion Questions 525
Selected Readings 527
CHAPTER 23 ¦¦¦¦¦¦^H^^HBi
Genetics and Evolution 528
23.1 Speciation Can Occur by Transformation or
Splitting of Gene Pools 529
23.2 Genetic Variation Is Present in Populations
and Species 530
23.3 Explaining High Levels of Genetic Variation
in Populations 532
23.4 The Genetic Structure of Populations Changes
Across Space and Time 533
23.5 Reduced Gene Flow, Selection, and Drift Can
Form New Species 535
23.6 Using Genetic Differences to Reconstruct
Evolutionary History 540
23.7 Evolutionary History Can Be Used to Answer
Many Questions 544
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
What Can We Learn from the Failure of
the Eugenics Movement? 547
Chapter Summary 548
Key Terms 548
Insights and Solutions 548
Problems and Discussion Questions 549
Selected Readings 550
CHAPTER 24 MHIHB^^^B^^^H
Conservation Genetics 552
24.1 Genetic Diversity Is at the Heart of
Conservation Genetics 554
24.2 Population Size Has a Major Impact on
Species Survival 557
24.3 Genetic Effects Are More Pronounced in Small,
Isolated Populations 558
24.4 Genetic Erosion Diminishes Genetic
Diversity 560
24.5 Conservation of Genetic Diversity Is Essential
to Species Survival 561
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Gene Pools and Endangered Species: The Plight of
the Florida Panther 565
Chapter Summary 566
Key Terms 566
Insights and Solutions 566
Problems and Discussion Questions 567
Selected Readings 568
APPENDIX: ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS A 1
GLOSSARY G 1
INDEX 1 1
|
| adam_txt |
1 An Introduction to Genetics 1
2 Mitosis and Meiosis 17
3 Mendelian Genetics 38
4 Modification of Mendelian
Ratios 60
5 Sex Determination and Sex
Chromosomes 92
6 Quantitative Genetics 113
7 Chromosome Mutations: Variation
in Number and Arrangement 133
8 Linkage and Chromosome
Mapping in Eukaryotes 156
9 Mapping in Bacteria and
Bacteriophages 182
10 DNA Structure and Analysis 205
11 DNA—Replication and
Synthesis 231
12 Chromosome Structure and DNA
Sequence Organization 253
13 The Genetic Code and
Transcription 272
14 Translation and Proteins 295
15 Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and
Transposable Elements 322
16 Regulation of Gene
Expression 352
17 Recombinant DNA
Technology 377
18 Genomics, Bioinformatics, and
Proteomics 401
19 Applications and Ethics of
Biotechnology 433
20 Genes and Development 460
21 The Genetic Basis of Cancer 480
22 Population Genetics 501
23 Genetics and Evolution 528
24 Conservation Genetics 552
PREFACE xiv
chapter 1 ^m^mmmmmmmmm
An Introduction to Genetics 1
1.1 Genetics Has a Rich and Interesting History 2
1.2 Nucleic Acids and Proteins Serve as the
Molecular Basis of Genetics 6
1.3 Genetics Has Been Investigated Using Many
Different Approaches 8
1.4 Genetics Has a Profound Impact
on Society 10
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
The Frankenfood Debates: Genetically Modified Foods 14
Chapter Summary 15
Key Terms 15
Problems and Discussion Questions 15
Selected Readings 16
CHAPTER 2 i^HMHHHMHBHHBi
Mitosis and Meiosis 17
2.1 Cell Structure Is Closely Tied to Genetic
Function 18
2.2 Chromosomes Exist in Homologous Pairs
in Diploid Organisms 20
2.3 Mitosis Partitions Chromosomes into
Dividing Cells 22
2.4 The Cell Cycle Is Genetically Regulated 26
2.5 Meiosis Reduces the Chromosome Number
from Diploid to Haploid in Germ Cells
and Spores 27
2.6 The Development of Gametes Varies During
Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis 31
2.7 Meiosis Is Critical to the Successful Sexual
Reproduction of All Diploid Organisms 32
2.8 Electron Microscopy Has Revealed the
Cytological Nature of Mitotic and Meiotic
Chromosomes 32
Chapter Summary 34
Key Terms 34
Insights and Solutions 35
Problems and Discussion Questions 36
Selected Readings 37
CHAPTER 3 MHHHHHHMHHH
Mendelian Genetics 38
3.1 Mendel Used a Model Experimental Approach
to Study Patterns of Inheritance 39
3.2 The Monohybrid Cross Reveals How One Trait Is
Transmitted from Generation to Generation 40
3.3 Mendel's Dihybrid Cross Generated a Unique
F2 Ratio 43
3.4 The Trihybrid Cross Demonstrates that
Mendel's Principles Apply to Inheritance
of Multiple Traits 46
3.5 Mendel's Work Was Rediscovered in the Early
Twentieth Century 47
3.6 Independent Assortment Leads to Extensive
Genetic Variation 49
3.7 Laws of Probability Help to Explain
Genetic Events 49
How Mendel's Peas Become Wrinkled:
A Molecular E\planation 49
3.8 Chi Square Analysis Evaluates the Influence
of Chance on Genetic Data 50
3.9 Pedigrees Reveal Patterns of Inheritance
in Humans 52
Chapter Summary 54
Key Terms 54
Insights and Solutions 54
Problems and Discussion Questions 56
Selected Readings 59
chapter 4 mmKamammmmm^m
Modification of Mendelian Ratios 60
4.1 Alleles Alter Phenotypes in Different Ways 61
4.2 Geneticists Use a Variety of Symbols for Alleles 62
4.3 Neither Allele Is Dominant in Incomplete, or
Partial, Dominance 62
4.4 In Codominance, the Influence of Both Alleles
in a Heterozygote Is Clearly Evident 63
4.5 Multiple Alleles of a Gene May Exist
in a Population 63
4.6 Lethal Alleles Represent Essential Genes 64
4.7 Combinations of Two Gene Pairs with Two Modes
of Inheritance Modify the 9:3:3:1 Ratio 66
4.8 Phenotypes Are Often Affected by More than
One Gene 66
VII
4.9 Complementation Analysis Can Determine if
Two Mutations Causing a Similar Phenotype
AreAlleles71
4.10 X Linkage Describes Genes on the
X Chromosome 72
4.11 In Sex Limited and Sex Influenced Inheritance,
an Individual's Sex Influences the
Phenotype 74
4.12 Phenotypic Expression Is Not Always a Direct
Reflection of the Genotype 75
4.13 Extranuclear Inheritance Modifies Mendelian
Patterns 78
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Improving the Genetic Fate of Purebred Dogs 83
Chapter Summary 84
Key Terms 84
Insights and Solutions 85
Problems and Discussion Questions 86
Selected Readings 91
chapter 5 mmmmmmmmmmti^m
Sex Determination and Sex
Chromosomes 92
5.1 Life Cycles Depend on Sexual Differentiation 93
5.2 X and Y Chromosomes Were First Linked to Sex
Determination Early in the Twentieth Century 96
5.3 The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness
in Humans 98
5.4 The Ratio of Males to Females in Humans
Is Not 1.0 102
5.5 Dosage Compensation Prevents Excessive
Expression of X Linked Genes in Humans and
Other Mammals 103
5.6 The Ratio of X Chromosomes to Sets of
Autosomes Determines Sex in Drosophila 105
5.7 Temperature Variation Controls Sex
Determination in Reptiles 107
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
A Question of Gender: Sex Selection in Humans 108
Chapter Summary 109
Key Terms 109
Insights and Solutions 110
Problems and Discussion Questions 110
Selected Readings 112
CHAPTER 6 ¦¦¦1HHHHHHHH
Quantitative Genetics 113
6.1 Continuous Variation Characterizes the
Inheritance of Quantitative Traits 114
6.2 The Study of Polygenic Traits Relies on Statistical
Analysis 119
6.3 Heritability Is a Measure of the Genetic
Contribution to Phenotypic Variability 121
6.4 Quantitative Trait Loci Can Be Mapped 124
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
The Green Revolution Revisited 126
Chapter Summary 127
Key Terms 127
Insights and Solutions 128
Problems and Discussion Questions 129
Selected Readings 132
CHAPTER 7 ^^^^^^^^^^^H
Chromosome Mutations: Variation
in Number and Arrangement 133
7.1 Specific Terminology Describes Variations in
Chromosome Number 134
7.2 Variation in the Number of Chromosomes Results
from Nondisjunction 134
7.3 Monosomy, the Loss of a Single Chromosome,
May Have Severe Phenotypic Effects 135
7.4 Trisomy Involves the Addition of a Chromosome
to a Diploid Genome 136
7.5 Polyploidy, in Which More than Two Haploid Sets
of Chromosomes Are Present, Is Prevalent
in Plants 139
7.6 Variation Occurs in the Structure and
Arrangement of Chromosomes 141
7.7 A Deletion Is a Missing Region
of a Chromosome 142
7.8 A Duplication Is a Repeated Segment
of a Chromosome 142
7.9 Inversions Rearrange the Linear Gene
Sequence 145
7.10 Translocations Alter the Location of
Chromosomal Segments in the Genome 146
7.11 Fragile Sites in Humans Are Susceptible to
Chromosome Breakage 149
Chapter Summary 151
Key Terms 151
Insights and Solutions 152
Problems and Discussion Questions 153
Selected Readings 154
CHAPTER 8 M^H^HHI^^HHI
Linkage and Chromosome Mapping
in Eukaryotes 156
8.1 Genes Linked on the Same Chromosome
Segregate Together 157
8.2 Crossing over Serves as the Basis of Determining
the Distance Between Genes During
Mapping 159
8.3 Determining the Gene Sequence During
Mapping Relies on the Analysis of Multiple
Crossovers 162
8.4 As the Distance Between Two Genes Increases,
Mapping Estimates Become More
Inaccurate 168
8.5 Drosophila Genes Have Been Extensively
Mapped 169
8.6 Lod Score Analysis and Somatic Cell
Hybridization Were Historically Important
in Creating Human Chromosome Maps 169
8.7 Linkage and Mapping Studies Can Be Performed
in Haploid Organisms 171
8.8 Other Aspects of Genetic Exchange 173
8.9 Did Mendel Encounter Linkage? 175
Why Didn't Gregor Mendel Find Linkage? 175
Chapter Summary 176
Key Terms 176
Insights and Solutions 176
Problems and Discussion Questions 178
Selected Readings 181
CHAPTER 9 ¦HHMHMHHHHHH
Mapping in Bacteria and
Bacteriophages 182
9.1 Bacteria Mutate Spontaneously and Grow
at an Exponential Rate 183
9.2 Conjugation Is One Means of Genetic
Recombination in Bacteria 184
9.3 Rec Proteins Are Essential to Bacterial
Recombination 190
9.4 F Factors Are Plasmids 191
9.5 Transformation Is Another Process Leading
to Genetic Recombination in Bacteria 191
9.6 Bacteriophages Are Bacterial Viruses 192
9.7 Transduction Is Virus Mediated Bacterial
DNA Transfer 195
9.8 Bacteriophages Undergo Intergenic
Recombination 197
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Eradicating Cholera: Edible Vaccines 199
Chapter Summary 200
Key Terms 200
Insights and Solutions 201
Problems and Discussion Questions 202
Selected Readings 204
CHAPTER 10 ¦¦¦MHMMHHH
DNA Structure and Analysis 205
10.1 The Genetic Material Must Exhibit Four
Characteristics 206
10.2 Until 1944, Observations Favored Protein
as the Genetic Material 207
10.3 Evidence Favoring DNA as the Genetic Material
Was First Obtained During the Study of
Bacteria and Bacteriophages 207
10.4 Indirect and Direct Evidence Supports
the Concept that DNA Is the Genetic Material
in Eukaryotes 211
10.5 RNA Serves as the Genetic Material in
Some Viruses 213
10.6 The Structure of DNA Holds the Key
to Understanding Its Function 214
Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid 219
10.7 Alternative Forms of DNA Exist 220
10.8 The Structure of RNA Is Chemically Similar to
DNA, but Single Stranded 221
10.9 Many Analytical Techniques Have Been Useful
During the Investigation of DNA and RNA 222
10.10 Nucleic Acids Can Be Separated Using
Electrophoresis 225
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
The Twists and Turns of the Helical Revolution 226
Chapter Summary 227
Key Terms 227
Insights and Solutions 228
Problems and Discussion Questions 228
Selected Readings 230
chapter 11 ^mmmtmm^mmmm
DNA—Replication and Synthesis 231
11.1 DNA Is Reproduced by Semiconservative
Replication 232
11.2 DNA Synthesis in Bacteria Involves Three
Polymerases, as Well as Other Enzymes 236
11.3 Many Complex Issues Must Be Resolved During
DNA Replication 238
11.4 A Coherent Model Summarizes DNA
Replication 241
11.5 Replication Is Controlled by a Variety
of Genes 242
11.6 Eukaryotic DNA Synthesis Is Similar to, but More
Complex than. Synthesis in Prokaryotes 242
11.7 The Ends of Linear Chromosomes Are
Problematic During Replication 244
11.8 DNA Recombination, Like DNA Replication,
Is Directed by Specific Enzymes 245
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Telomerase: The Key to Immortality? 248
Chapter Summary 249
Key Terms 249
Insights and Solutions 250
Problems and Discussion Questions 250
Selected Readings 251
CHAPTER 12 ^HI^^^^^^^^HHM
Chromosome Structure and DNA
Sequence Organization 253
12.1 Viral and Bacterial Chromosomes Are Relatively
Simple DNA Molecules 254
12.2 Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Contain DNA
Similar to Bacteria and Viruses 255
12.3 Specialized Chromosomes Reveal Variations
in the Organization of DNA 258
12.4 DNA Is Organized into Chromatin
in Eukaryotes 260
12.5 Eukaryotic Genomes Demonstrate Complex
Sequence Organization Characterized
by Repetitive DNA 264
12.6 The Vast Majority of a Eukaryotic Genome Does
Not Encode Functional Genes 267
Chapter Summary 267
Key Terms 268
Insights and Solutions 268
Problems and Discussion Questions 269
Selected Readings 271
chapter 13 m^m^mmmmm^^mm
The Genetic Code and
Transcription 272
13.1 The Genetic Code Exhibits a Number
of Characteristics 273
13.2 Early Studies Established the Basic Operational
Patterns of the Code 274
13.3 Studies by Nirenberg, Matthaei, and Others
Deciphered the Code 274
13.4 The Coding Dictionary Reveals the Function
of the 64 Triplets 278
13.5 The Genetic Code Has Been Confirmed in Studies
of Bacteriophage MS2 279
13.6 The Genetic Code Is Nearly Universal 280
13.7 Transcription Synthesizes RNA on a DNA
Template 280
13.8 RNA Polymerase Directs RNA Synthesis 281
13.9 Transcription in Eukaryotes Differs from
Prokaryotic Transcription in Several Ways 282
13.10 The Coding Regions of Eukaryotic Genes Are
Interrupted by Intervening Sequences 285
13.11 RNA Editing Modifies the Final Transcript 288
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Antisense Oligonucleotides: Attacking the Messenger 289
Chapter Summary 290
Key Terms 290
Insights and Solutions 291
Problems and Discussion Questions 291
Selected Readings 294
CHAPTER 14 ¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦
Translation and Proteins 295
14.1 Translation of mRNA Depends on Ribosomes
and Transfer RNAs 296
14.2 Translation of mRNA Can Be Divided into
Three Steps 299
14.3 Crystallographic Analysis Has Revealed Many
Details About the Functional Prokaryotic
Ribosome 303
14.4 Translation Is More Complex in Eukaryotes 303
14.5 The Initial Insight that Proteins Are Important
in Heredity Was Provided by the Study of
Inborn Errors of Metabolism 304
14.6 Studies of Neurospora Led to the
One Gene: One Enzyme Hypothesis 305
14.7 Studies of Human Hemoglobin Established that
One Gene Encodes One Polypeptide 307
14.8 The Nucleotide Sequence of a Gene and the
Amino Acid Sequence of the Corresponding
Protein Exhibit Colinearity 309
14.9 Protein Structure Is the Basis of Biological
Diversity 309
14.10 Posttranslational Modification Alters the Final
Protein Product 312
14.11 Protein Function Is Directly Related to the
Structure of the Molecule 313
14.12 Proteins Consist of Functional Domains 314
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Mad Cows and Heresies: The Priori Story 316
Chapter Summary 317
Key Terms 317
Insights and Solutions 318
Problems and Discussion Questions 318
Selected Readings 320
CHAPTER 15 ¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦
Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and
Transposable Elements 322
15.1 Mutations May Be Classified in Various Ways 323
15.2 Genetic Techniques, Cell Cultures, and Pedigree
Analysis Are All Used to Detect Mutations 324
15.3 The Spontaneous Mutation Rate Varies Greatly
Among Organisms 327
15.4 Mutations Occur in Many Forms and Arise
in Different Ways 327
15.5 Ultraviolet and Ionizing Radiation Are
Mutagenic 331
15.6 Gene Sequencing Has Enhanced Understanding
of Mutations in Humans 332
15.7 The Ames Test Is Used to Assess the Mutagenicity
of Compounds 334
15.8 Organisms Can Counteract DNA Damage by
Activating Several Types of Repair Systems 335
15.9 Site Directed Mutagenesis Allows Researchers to
Investigate Specific Genes 340
15.10 Transposable Genetic Elements Move Within the
Genome and May Disrupt Genetic Function 341
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Chernobyl's Legacy 345
Chapter Summary 346
Key Terms 346
Insights and Solutions 347
Problems and Discussion Questions 348
Selected Readings 350
CHAPTER 16 ¦¦¦^^¦¦MH^^HI
Regulation of Gene Expression 352
16.1 Prokaryotes Exhibit Efficient Genetic Mechanisms
to Respond to Environmental Conditions 353
16.2 Lactose Metabolism in E. coli Is Regulated by an
Inducible System 353
16.3 Crystal Structure Analysis of Repressor Complexes
Has Confirmed the Operon Model 359
16.4 Tryptophan Metabolism in E. coli Is Controlled
by a Repressible Gene System 360
16.5 Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Differs from
Regulation in Prokaryotes 362
16.6 Regulatory Elements and Transcription Factors
Control the Expression of Eukaryotic Genes 363
16.7 Steroid Hormones Regulate Some Genes 368
16.8 Posttranscriptional Events Also Regulate Gene
Expression 368
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Why Is There No Effective AIDS Vaccine? 370
Chapter Summary 371
Key Terms 371
Insights and Solutions 372
Problems and Discussion Questions 372
Selected Readings 376
chapter 17 wammmmmmm^mmm
Recombinant DNA Technology 377
17.1 An Overview of Recombinant DNA
Technology 378
17.2 Recombinant DNA Molecules Are Constructed
Using Several Components 378
17.3 Cloning in Prokaryotic Host Cells 382
17.4 Cloning in Eukaryotic Host Cells 382
17.5 The Polymerase Chain Reaction Permits Cloning
Without Host Cells 383
17.6 Libraries Are Collections of Cloned
Sequences 385
17.7 Specific Clones Can Be Recovered
from a Library 386
17.8 Cloned Sequences Can Be Characterized
in Several Ways 388
17.9 DNA Sequencing: The Ultimate Way to
Characterize a Clone 392
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Beyond Dolly: The Cloning of Humans 395
Chapter Summary 396
Key Terms 396
Insights and Solutions 396
Problems and Discussion Questions 397
Selected Readings 400
chapter 18 ^mm^m^^^m^^m
Genomics, Bioinformatics,
and Proteomics 401
18.1 Genomics: Sequencing Helps Identify and Map
All Genes in a Genome 402
18.2 Bioinformatics Provides Tools for Analyzing
Genomic Information 403
18.3 Functional Genomics Classifies Genes
and Identifies Their Functions 405
18.4 Prokaryotic Genomes Have Some Unexpected
Features 408
18.5 Eukaryotic Genomes Have a Mosaic of
Organizational Patterns 411
18.6 Genomics Provides Insight into Genome
Evolution 416
18.7 Comparative Genomics: Multigene Families
Diversify Gene Function 419
18.8 Proteomics Identifies and Analyzes the
Proteins in a Cell 422
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Footprints of a Killer 426
Chapter Summary 427
Key Terms 427
Insights and Solutions 428
Problems and Discussion Questions 428
Selected Readings 432
CHAPTER 19 ¦IMMHHaHlHaBH
Applications and Ethics
of Biotechnology 433
19.1 Biotechnology Has Revolutionized
Agriculture 434
19.2 Pharmaceutical Products Are Synthesized
in Genetically Altered Organisms 436
19.3 Biotechnology Is Used to Diagnose and Screen
Genetic Disorders 439
19.4 Genetic Disorders Can Be Treated by Gene
Therapy 444
19.5 Gene Therapy Raises Many Ethical Concerns 447
19.6 Ethical Issues Are an Outgrowth of the Human
Genome Project 447
19.7 Mapping Human Genes with Recombinant
DNA Technology 448
19.8 DNA Fingerprints Can Identify Individuals 451
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Gene Therapy—Two Steps Forward or Two Steps Back? 453
Chapter Summary 454
Key Terms 454
Insights and Solutions 454
Problems and Discussion Questions 455
Selected Readings 459
CHAPTER 20 ¦¦^HHMHH^HIH
Genes and Development 460
20.1 Basic Concepts in Developmental Genetics 461
20.2 Maternal and Zygotic Genes Interact to Establish
the Body Axis in Drosophila 461
20.3 Homeotic Genes Control Pattern Formation Along
the Anterior Posterior Body Axis 467
20.4 Cell Cell Interactions Can Control
Developmental Fate 471
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Stem Cell Wars 475
Chapter Summary 476
Key Terms 476
Insights and Solutions 476
Problems and Discussion Questions 477
Selected Readings 479
chapter 21 wmmmmmm^mmKm
The Genetic Basis of Cancer 480
21.1 Cancer as a Disorder of the Cell Cycle 481
21.2 Genes that Control the Cell Cycle Are Involved
in Cancer 483
21.3 Tumor Suppressor Genes Repress Cell
Division 484
21.4 Proto oncogenes Promote or Maintain Cell
Division 487
21.5 Colon Cancer as a Genetic Model of Cancer 490
21.6 The Pathway to Cancer Leads Through
Gatekeeper and Caretaker Genes 492
21.7 Chromosomal Translocations Are a Hallmark
of Leukemia 492
21.8 Environmental Factors Contribute
to Cancer 493
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY. AND SOCIETY
The Double Edged Sword of Genetic Testing: The Case of
Breast Cancer 496
Chapter Summary 497
Key Terms 497
Insights and Solutions 497
Problems and Discussion Questions 498
Selected Readings 500
CHAPTER 22 ¦¦¦¦¦^^^^¦^¦H
Population Genetics 501
22.1 Populations and Gene Pools 502
22.2 Calculating Allele Frequencies 502
22.3 The Hardy Weinberg Law 505
22.4 Extensions of the Hardy Weinberg Law 508
22.5 Using the Hardy Weinberg Law: Calculating
Heterozygote Frequency 509
22.6 Natural Selection 509
22.7 Mutation 514
22.8 Migration 516
22.9 Genetic Drift 517
22.10 Nonrandom Mating 520
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Tracking Our Genetic Footprints out of Africa 523
Chapter Summary 524
Key Terms 524
Insights and Solutions 525
Problems and Discussion Questions 525
Selected Readings 527
CHAPTER 23 ¦¦¦¦¦¦^H^^HBi
Genetics and Evolution 528
23.1 Speciation Can Occur by Transformation or
Splitting of Gene Pools 529
23.2 Genetic Variation Is Present in Populations
and Species 530
23.3 Explaining High Levels of Genetic Variation
in Populations 532
23.4 The Genetic Structure of Populations Changes
Across Space and Time 533
23.5 Reduced Gene Flow, Selection, and Drift Can
Form New Species 535
23.6 Using Genetic Differences to Reconstruct
Evolutionary History 540
23.7 Evolutionary History Can Be Used to Answer
Many Questions 544
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
What Can We Learn from the Failure of
the Eugenics Movement? 547
Chapter Summary 548
Key Terms 548
Insights and Solutions 548
Problems and Discussion Questions 549
Selected Readings 550
CHAPTER 24 MHIHB^^^B^^^H
Conservation Genetics 552
24.1 Genetic Diversity Is at the Heart of
Conservation Genetics 554
24.2 Population Size Has a Major Impact on
Species Survival 557
24.3 Genetic Effects Are More Pronounced in Small,
Isolated Populations 558
24.4 Genetic Erosion Diminishes Genetic
Diversity 560
24.5 Conservation of Genetic Diversity Is Essential
to Species Survival 561
GENETICS, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
Gene Pools and Endangered Species: The Plight of
the Florida Panther 565
Chapter Summary 566
Key Terms 566
Insights and Solutions 566
Problems and Discussion Questions 567
Selected Readings 568
APPENDIX: ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS A 1
GLOSSARY G 1
INDEX 1 1 |
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| author | Klug, William S. 1941- Cummings, Michael R. 1941- |
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| dewey-full | 572.8 576.5 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 572 - Biochemistry 576 - Genetics and evolution |
| dewey-raw | 572.8 576.5 |
| dewey-search | 572.8 576.5 |
| dewey-sort | 3572.8 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Biologie |
| edition | 5. ed., internat. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| index_date | 2024-07-02T13:55:50Z |
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| publisher | Prentice Hall |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Klug, William S. 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)135813859 aut Essentials of genetics William S. Klug ; Michael R. Cummings 5. ed., internat. ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall 2005 XVIII, 568, [54] S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 s 1\p DE-604 Cummings, Michael R. 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)135813905 aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014631197&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Klug, William S. 1941- Cummings, Michael R. 1941- Essentials of genetics Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071711-2 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Essentials of genetics |
| title_auth | Essentials of genetics |
| title_exact_search | Essentials of genetics |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Essentials of genetics |
| title_full | Essentials of genetics William S. Klug ; Michael R. Cummings |
| title_fullStr | Essentials of genetics William S. Klug ; Michael R. Cummings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Essentials of genetics William S. Klug ; Michael R. Cummings |
| title_short | Essentials of genetics |
| title_sort | essentials of genetics |
| topic | Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Genetik Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014631197&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT klugwilliams essentialsofgenetics AT cummingsmichaelr essentialsofgenetics |