Understanding GPS: principles and applications
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston [u.a.]
Artech House
2006
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Artech House mobile communications series
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 703 S. |
| ISBN: | 1580538940 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Understanding GPS |b principles and applications |c Elliott D. Kaplan, Christopher J. Hegarty (eds.) |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Boston [u.a.] |b Artech House |c 2006 | |
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| 490 | 0 | |a Artech House mobile communications series | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Hegarty, Christopher J. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | UNDERSTANDING GPS PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SECOND EDITION ELLIOTT D.
KAPLAN CHRISTOPHER J. HEGARTY EDITORS ARTECH HOUSE BOSTON|LONDON
ARTECHHOUSE.COM CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CHAPTER 1 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
^ ^ H INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 INTRODUCTION
CONDENSED GPS PROGRAM HISTORY GPS OVERVIEW 1.3.1 PPS 1.3.2 SPS GPS
MODERNIZATION PROGRAM GALILEO SATELLITE SYSTEM RUSSIAN GLONASS SYSTEM
CHINESE BEIDOU SYSTEM AUGMENTATIONS MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS 1.9.1 LAND
1.9.2 AVIATION 1.9.3 SPACE GUIDANCE 1.9.4 MARITIME I ORGANIZATION OF THE
BOOK 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 10 10 11 12 13 14 14 REFERENCES 19 CHAPTER2
FUNDAMENTALS OF SATELLITE NAVIGATION 21 2.1 CONCEPT OF RANGING USING TOA
MEASUREMENTS 21 2.1.1 TWO-DIMENSIONAL POSITION DETERMINATION 21 2.1.2
PRINCIPLE OF POSITION DETERMINATION VIA SATELLITE-GENERATED RANGING
SIGNALS 2.2 REFERENCE COORDINATE SYSTEMS 2.2.1 EARTH-CENTERED INERTIAL
COORDINATE SYSTEM 2.2.2 EARTH-CENTERED EARTH-FIXED COORDINATE SYSTEM
2.2.3 WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM 2.2.4 HEIGHT COORDINATES AND THE GEOID 2.3
FUNDAMENTALS OF SATELLITE ORBITS 2.3.1 ORBITAL MECHANICS 2.3.2
CONSTELLATION DESIGN 2.4 POSITION DETERMINATION USING PRN CODES 2.4.1
DETERMINING SATELLITE-TO-USER RANGE 2.4.2 CALCULATION OF USER POSITION
VM CONTENTS 2.5 OBTAINING USER VELOCITY 58 2.6 TIME AND GPS 61 2.6.1 UTC
GENERATION 61 2.6.2 GPS SYSTEM TIME 62 2.6.3 RECEIVER COMPUTATION OF UTC
(USNO) 62 REFERENCES 63 CHAPTERS GPS SYSTEM SEGMENTS 67 3.1 OVERVIEW OF
THE GPS SYSTEM 67 3.1.1 SPACE SEGMENT OVERVIEW 67 3.1.2 CONTROL SEGMENT
(CS) OVERVIEW 68 3.1.3 USER SEGMENT OVERVIEW 68 3.2 SPACE SEGMENT
DESCRIPTION 68 3.2.1 GPS SATELLITE CONSTELLATION DESCRIPTION 69 3.2.2
CONSTELLATION DESIGN GUIDELINES 71 3.2.3 SPACE SEGMENT PHASED
DEVELOPMENT 71 3.3 CONTROL SEGMENT 87 3.3.1 CURRENT CONFIGURATION 88
3.3.2 CS PLANNED UPGRADES 100 3.4 USER SEGMENT 103 3.4.1 GPS SET
CHARACTERISTICS 103 3.4.2 GPS RECEIVER SELECTION 109 REFERENCES 110
CHAPTER4 GPS SATELLITE SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS 113 4.1 OVERVIEW 113 4.2
MODULATIONS FOR SATELLITE NAVIGATION 113 4.2.1 MODULATION TYPES 113
4.2.2 MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUES 115 4.2.3 SIGNAL MODELS AND
CHARACTERISTICS 116 4.3 LEGACY GPS SIGNALS 123 4.3.1 FREQUENCIES AND
MODULATION FORMAT 123 4.3.2 POWER LEVELS 133 4.3.3 AUTOCORRELATION
FUNCTIONS AND POWER SPECTRAL DENSITIES 135 4.3.4 CROSS-CORRELATION
FUNCTIONS AND CDMA PERFORMANCE 140 4.4 NAVIGATION MESSAGE FORMAT 142 4.5
MODERNIZED GPS SIGNALS 145 4.5.1 L2 CIVIL SIGNAL 145 4.5.2 L5 147 4.5.3
M CODE 148 4.5.4 LI CIVIL SIGNAL 150 4.6 SUMMARY 150 REFERENCES 150
CONTENTS IX CHAPTER 5 SATELLITE SIGNAL ACQUISITION, TRACKING, AND DATA
DEMODULATION 153 5.1 OVERVIEW 153 5.2 GPS RECEIVER CODE AND CARRIER
TRACKING 155 5.2.1 PREDETECTION INTEGRATION 158 5.2.2 BASEBAND SIGNAL
PROCESSING 159 5.2.3 DIGITAL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS 161 5.2.4 CARRIER
AIDING OF CODE LOOP 162 5.2.5 EXTERNAL AIDING 164 5.3 CARRIER TRACKING
LOOPS 164 5.3.1 PHASE LOCK LOOPS 165 5.3.2 COSTAS LOOPS 166 5.3.3
FREQUENCY LOCK LOOPS 170 5.4 CODE TRACKING LOOPS 173 5.5 LOOP FILTERS
179 5.6 MEASUREMENT ERRORS AND TRACKING THRESHOLDS 183 5.6.1 PLL
TRACKING LOOP MEASUREMENT ERRORS 184 5.6.2 FLL TRACKING LOOP MEASUREMENT
ERRORS 192 5.6.3 C/A AND P(Y) CODE TRACKING LOOP MEASUREMENT ERRORS 194
5.6.4 MODERNIZED GPS M CODE TRACKING LOOP MEASUREMENT ERRORS 199 5.7
FORMATION OF PSEUDORANGE, DELTA PSEUDORANGE, AND INTEGRATED DOPPLER 200
5.7.1 PSEUDORANGE 201 5.7.2 DELTA PSEUDORANGE 216 5.7.3 INTEGRATED
DOPPLER 218 5.8 SIGNAL ACQUISITION 219 5.8.1 TONG SEARCH DETECTOR 223
5.8.2 M OF N SEARCH DETECTOR 227 5.8.3 DIRECT ACQUISITION OF GPS
MILITARY SIGNALS 229 5.9 SEQUENCE OF INITIAL RECEIVER OPERATIONS 231
5.10 DATA DEMODULATION 232 5.11 SPECIAL BASEBAND FUNCTIONS 233 5.11.1
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE POWER RATIO METER 233 5.11.2 PHASE LOCK DETECTOR WITH
OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC DECISIONS 233 5.11.3 FALSE FREQUENCY LOCK AND
FALSE PHASE LOCK DETECTOR 235 5.12 USE OF DIGITAL PROCESSING 235 5.13
CONSIDERATIONS FOR INDOOR APPLICATIONS 237 5.14 CODELESS AND
SEMICODELESS PROCESSING 239 REFERENCES 240 CHAPTER6 INTERFERENCE,
MULTIPATH, AND SCINTILLATION 6.1 OVERVIEW 6.2 RADIO FREQUENCY
INTERFERENCE 6.2.1 TYPES AND SOURCES OF RF INTERFERENCE 6.2.2 EFFECTS OF
RF INTERFERENCE ON RECEIVER PERFORMANCE 6.2.3 INTERFERENCE MITIGATION
6.3 MULTIPATH X 6.3.1 MULTIPATH CHARACTERISTICS AND MODELS 6.3.2 EFFECTS
OF MULTIPATH ON RECEIVER PERFORMANCE 6.3.3 MULTIPATH MITIGATION 6.4
IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION REFERENCES ^^M CHAPTER 7 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H PERFORMANCE OF STAND-ALONE GPS 7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 MEASUREMENT ERRORS 7.2.1 SATELLITE CLOCK ERROR 7.2.2 EPHEMERIS ERROR
7.2.3 RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS 7.2.4 ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS 7.2.5 RECEIVER
NOISE AND RESOLUTION 7.2.6 MULTIPATH AND SHADOWING EFFECTS 7.2.7
HARDWARE BIAS ERRORS 7.2.8 PSEUDORANGE ERROR BUDGETS 7.3 PVT ESTIMATION
CONCEPTS 7.3.1 SATELLITE GEOMETRY AND DILUTION OF PRECISION IN GPS 7.3.2
ACCURACY METRICS 7.3.3 WEIGHTED LEAST SQUARES (WLS) 7.3.4 ADDITIONAL
STATE VARIABLES 7.3.5 KALMAN FILTERING 7.4 GPS AVAILABILITY 7.4.1
PREDICTED GPS AVAILABILITY USING THE NOMINAL 24-SATELLITE GPS
CONSTELLATION 7.4.2 EFFECTS OF SATELLITE OUTAGES ON GPS AVAILABILITY 7.5
GPS INTEGRITY 7.5.1 DISCUSSION OF CRITICALITY 7.5.2 SOURCES OF INTEGRITY
ANOMALIES 7.5.3 INTEGRITY ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES 7.6 CONTINUITY 7.7
MEASURED PERFORMANCE REFERENCES ^ H CHAPTER 8 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H DIFFERENTIAL GPS 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.2 SPATIAL AND
TIME CORRELATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GPS ERRORS 8.2.1 SATELLITE CLOCK
ERRORS 8.2.2 EPHEMERIS ERRORS 8.2.3 TROPOSPHERIC ERRORS 8.2.4
IONOSPHERIC ERRORS 8.2.5 RECEIVER NOISE AND MULTIPATH 8.3 CODE-BASED
TECHNIQUES 8.3.1 LOCAL-AREA DGPS CONTENTS 281 285 292 295 297 301 301
302 304 305 306 308 319 319 320 321 322 322 328 332 333 334 334 335 337
343 345 345 346 360 361 375 379 379 381 381 382 384 387 390 391 391
CONTENTS XJ 8.3.2 REGIONAL-AREA DGPS 394 8.3.3 WIDE-AREA DGPS 395 8.4
CARRIER-BASED TECHNIQUES 397 8.4.1 PRECISE BASELINE DETERMINATION IN
REAL TIME 398 8.4.2 STATIC APPLICATION 418 8.4.3 AIRBORNE APPLICATION
420 8.4.4 ATTITUDE DETERMINATION 423 8.5 MESSAGE FORMATS 425 8.5.1
VERSION 2.3 425 8.5.2 VERSION 3.0 428 8.6 EXAMPLES 429 8.6.1 CODE BASED
429 8.6.2 CARRIER BASED 450 REFERENCES 454 CHAPTER 9 INTEGRATION OF GPS
WITH OTHER SENSORS AND NETWORK ASSISTANCE 459 9.1 OVERVIEW 459 9.2
GPS/INERTIAL INTEGRATION 460 9.2.1 GPS RECEIVER PERFORMANCE ISSUES 460
9.2.2 INERTIAL SENSOR PERFORMANCE ISSUES 464 9.2.3 THE KALMAN FILTER 466
9.2.4 GPSI INTEGRATION METHODS 470 9.2.5 RELIABILITY AND INTEGRITY 488
9.2.6 INTEGRATION WITH CRPA 489 9.3 SENSOR INTEGRATION IN LAND VEHICLE
SYSTEMS 491 9.3.1 INTRODUCTION 491 9.3.2 REVIEW OF AVAILABLE SENSOR
TECHNOLOGY 496 9.3.3 SENSOR INTEGRATION PRINCIPLES 515 9.4 NETWORK
ASSISTANCE 522 9.4.1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF ASSISTED GPS 526 9.4.2
REQUIREMENTS OF THE FCC MANDATE 528 9.4.3 TOTAL UNCERTAINTY SEARCH SPACE
535 9.4.4 GPS RECEIVER INTEGRATION IN CELLULAR PHONES*ASSISTANCE DATA
FROM HANDSETS 540 9.4.5 TYPES OF NETWORK ASSISTANCE 543 REFERENCES 554
CHAPTER 10 GALILEO 559 10.1 GALILEO PROGRAM OBJECTIVES 559 10.2 GALILEO
SERVICES AND PERFORMANCE 559 10.2.1 OPEN SERVICE (OS) ^ 560 10.2.2
COMMERCIAL SERVICE (CS) 562 10.2.3 SAFETY OF LIFE (SOL) SERVICE 562
10.2.4 PUBLIC REGULATED SERVICE (PRS) 562 10.2.5 SUPPORT TO SEARCH AND
RESCUE (SAR) SERVICE 563 XII CONTENTS 10.3 GALILEO FREQUENCY PLAN AND
SIGNAL DESIGN 563 10.3.1 FREQUENCIES AND SIGNALS 563 10.3.2 MODULATION
SCHEMES 565 10.3.3 SAR SIGNAL PLAN 576 10.4 INTEROPERABILITY BETWEEN GPS
AND GALILEO 577 10.4.1 SIGNAL IN SPACE 577 10.4.2 GEODETIC COORDINATE
REFERENCE FRAME 578 10.4.3 TIME REFERENCE FRAME 578 10.5 SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE 579 10.5.1 SPACE SEGMENT 581 10.5.2 GROUND SEGMENT 585 10.6
GALILEO SAR ARCHITECTURE 591 10.7 GALILEO DEVELOPMENT PLAN 592
REFERENCES 594 CHAPTER 11 OTHER SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS 595 11.1
THE RUSSIAN GLONASS SYSTEM 595 11.1.1 INTRODUCTION 595 PROGRAM OVERVIEW
595 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 597 CONSTELLATION AND ORBIT 597 SPACECRAFT
DESCRIPTION 599 GROUND SUPPORT 602 USER EQUIPMENT 604 REFERENCE SYSTEMS
605 GLONASS SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS 606 SYSTEM ACCURACY 611 FUTURE
GLONASS DEVELOPMENT 612 OTHER GLONASS INFORMATION SOURCES 614 11.2 THE
CHINESE BEIDOU SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEM 615 INTRODUCTION 615 PROGRAM
HISTORY 616 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE 617 CONSTELLATION AND ORBIT 617
SPACECRAFT 617 RDSS SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE 618 RDSS NAVIGATION SERVICES
621 RDSS NAVIGATION SIGNALS 622 SYSTEM COVERAGE AND ACCURACY 623 FUTURE
DEVELOPMENTS 623 11.3 THE JAPANESE QZSS PROGRAM 625 INTRODUCTION 625
PROGRAM OVERVIEW 625 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 626 CONSTELLATION AND
ORBIT 626 SPACECRAFT DEVELOPMENT 627 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11.
11. 11. 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 THECI 11. 11. 11.
11. 11. 11. 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 ,2.6 ,2.7 11.2.8 11.2.9 11, 11 T 1 11 11 11
11 11 .2.10 .2.11 UA T,, HE JA .3.1 .3.2 .3.3 .3.4 .3.5 CONTENTS XM
11.3.6 GROUND SUPPORT 628 11.3.7 USER EQUIPMENT 628 11.3.8 REFERENCE
SYSTEMS 628 11.3.9 NAVIGATION SERVICES AND SIGNALS 628 11.3.10 SYSTEM
COVERAGE AND ACCURACY 629 11.3.11 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT 629 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
630 REFERENCES 630 CHAPTER 12 GNSS MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS 635 12.1
GNSS: A COMPLEX MARKET BASED ON ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 635 12.1.1 MARKET
SCOPE, SEGMENTATION, AND VALUE 638 12.1.2 UNIQUE ASPECTS OF GNSS MARKET
639 12.1.3 MARKET LIMITATIONS, COMPETITIVE SYSTEMS, AND POLICY 640 12.2
CIVIL NAVIGATION APPLICATIONS OF GNSS 641 12.2.1 MARINE NAVIGATION 642
12.2.2 AIR NAVIGATION 645 12.2.3 LAND NAVIGATION 646 12.3 GNSS IN
SURVEYING, MAPPING, AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS 647 12.3.1
SURVEYING 648 12.3.2 MAPPING 648 12.3.3 GIS 649 12.4 RECREATIONAL
MARKETS FOR GNSS-BASED PRODUCTS 650 12.5 GNSS TIME TRANSFER 650 12.6
DIFFERENTIAL APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES 650 12.6.1 PRECISION APPROACH
AIRCRAFT LANDING SYSTEMS 651 12.6.2 OTHER DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS 651
12.6.3 ATTITUDE DETERMINATION SYSTEMS 652 12.7 GNSS AND TELEMATICS AND
LBS 652 12.8 CREATIVE USES FOR GNSS 654 12.9 GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY
APPLICATIONS 654 12.9.1 MILITARY USER EQUIPMENT*AVIATION, SHIPBOARD, AND
LAND 655 12.9.2 AUTONOMOUS RECEIVERS*SMART WEAPONS 656 12.9.3 SPACE
APPLICATIONS 657 12.9.4 OTHER GOVERNMENT APPLICATIONS 657 12.10 USER
EQUIPMENT NEEDS FOR SPECIFIC MARKETS 657 12.11 FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS FOR
THE GNSS INDUSTRY 660 REFERENCES 661 APPENDIX A LEAST SQUARES AND
WEIGHTED LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATES REFERENCE APPENDIX B STABILITY MEASURES
FOR FREQUENCY SOURCES B.I INTRODUCTION
|
| adam_txt |
UNDERSTANDING GPS PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SECOND EDITION ELLIOTT D.
KAPLAN CHRISTOPHER J. HEGARTY EDITORS ARTECH HOUSE BOSTON|LONDON
ARTECHHOUSE.COM CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CHAPTER 1 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
^ ^ H INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 INTRODUCTION
CONDENSED GPS PROGRAM HISTORY GPS OVERVIEW 1.3.1 PPS 1.3.2 SPS GPS
MODERNIZATION PROGRAM GALILEO SATELLITE SYSTEM RUSSIAN GLONASS SYSTEM
CHINESE BEIDOU SYSTEM AUGMENTATIONS MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS 1.9.1 LAND
1.9.2 AVIATION 1.9.3 SPACE GUIDANCE 1.9.4 MARITIME I ORGANIZATION OF THE
BOOK 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 10 10 11 12 13 14 14 REFERENCES 19 CHAPTER2
FUNDAMENTALS OF SATELLITE NAVIGATION 21 2.1 CONCEPT OF RANGING USING TOA
MEASUREMENTS 21 2.1.1 TWO-DIMENSIONAL POSITION DETERMINATION 21 2.1.2
PRINCIPLE OF POSITION DETERMINATION VIA SATELLITE-GENERATED RANGING
SIGNALS 2.2 REFERENCE COORDINATE SYSTEMS 2.2.1 EARTH-CENTERED INERTIAL
COORDINATE SYSTEM 2.2.2 EARTH-CENTERED EARTH-FIXED COORDINATE SYSTEM
2.2.3 WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM 2.2.4 HEIGHT COORDINATES AND THE GEOID 2.3
FUNDAMENTALS OF SATELLITE ORBITS 2.3.1 ORBITAL MECHANICS 2.3.2
CONSTELLATION DESIGN 2.4 POSITION DETERMINATION USING PRN CODES 2.4.1
DETERMINING SATELLITE-TO-USER RANGE 2.4.2 CALCULATION OF USER POSITION
VM CONTENTS 2.5 OBTAINING USER VELOCITY 58 2.6 TIME AND GPS 61 2.6.1 UTC
GENERATION 61 2.6.2 GPS SYSTEM TIME 62 2.6.3 RECEIVER COMPUTATION OF UTC
(USNO) 62 REFERENCES 63 CHAPTERS GPS SYSTEM SEGMENTS 67 3.1 OVERVIEW OF
THE GPS SYSTEM 67 3.1.1 SPACE SEGMENT OVERVIEW 67 3.1.2 CONTROL SEGMENT
(CS) OVERVIEW 68 3.1.3 USER SEGMENT OVERVIEW 68 3.2 SPACE SEGMENT
DESCRIPTION 68 3.2.1 GPS SATELLITE CONSTELLATION DESCRIPTION 69 3.2.2
CONSTELLATION DESIGN GUIDELINES 71 3.2.3 SPACE SEGMENT PHASED
DEVELOPMENT 71 3.3 CONTROL SEGMENT 87 3.3.1 CURRENT CONFIGURATION 88
3.3.2 CS PLANNED UPGRADES 100 3.4 USER SEGMENT 103 3.4.1 GPS SET
CHARACTERISTICS 103 3.4.2 GPS RECEIVER SELECTION 109 REFERENCES 110
CHAPTER4 GPS SATELLITE SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS 113 4.1 OVERVIEW 113 4.2
MODULATIONS FOR SATELLITE NAVIGATION 113 4.2.1 MODULATION TYPES 113
4.2.2 MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUES 115 4.2.3 SIGNAL MODELS AND
CHARACTERISTICS 116 4.3 LEGACY GPS SIGNALS 123 4.3.1 FREQUENCIES AND
MODULATION FORMAT 123 4.3.2 POWER LEVELS 133 4.3.3 AUTOCORRELATION
FUNCTIONS AND POWER SPECTRAL DENSITIES 135 4.3.4 CROSS-CORRELATION
FUNCTIONS AND CDMA PERFORMANCE 140 4.4 NAVIGATION MESSAGE FORMAT 142 4.5
MODERNIZED GPS SIGNALS 145 4.5.1 L2 CIVIL SIGNAL 145 4.5.2 L5 147 4.5.3
M CODE 148 4.5.4 LI CIVIL SIGNAL 150 4.6 SUMMARY 150 REFERENCES 150
CONTENTS IX CHAPTER 5 SATELLITE SIGNAL ACQUISITION, TRACKING, AND DATA
DEMODULATION 153 5.1 OVERVIEW 153 5.2 GPS RECEIVER CODE AND CARRIER
TRACKING 155 5.2.1 PREDETECTION INTEGRATION 158 5.2.2 BASEBAND SIGNAL
PROCESSING 159 5.2.3 DIGITAL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS 161 5.2.4 CARRIER
AIDING OF CODE LOOP 162 5.2.5 EXTERNAL AIDING 164 5.3 CARRIER TRACKING
LOOPS 164 5.3.1 PHASE LOCK LOOPS 165 5.3.2 COSTAS LOOPS 166 5.3.3
FREQUENCY LOCK LOOPS 170 5.4 CODE TRACKING LOOPS 173 5.5 LOOP FILTERS
179 5.6 MEASUREMENT ERRORS AND TRACKING THRESHOLDS 183 5.6.1 PLL
TRACKING LOOP MEASUREMENT ERRORS 184 5.6.2 FLL TRACKING LOOP MEASUREMENT
ERRORS 192 5.6.3 C/A AND P(Y) CODE TRACKING LOOP MEASUREMENT ERRORS 194
5.6.4 MODERNIZED GPS M CODE TRACKING LOOP MEASUREMENT ERRORS 199 5.7
FORMATION OF PSEUDORANGE, DELTA PSEUDORANGE, AND INTEGRATED DOPPLER 200
5.7.1 PSEUDORANGE 201 5.7.2 DELTA PSEUDORANGE 216 5.7.3 INTEGRATED
DOPPLER 218 5.8 SIGNAL ACQUISITION 219 5.8.1 TONG SEARCH DETECTOR 223
5.8.2 M OF N SEARCH DETECTOR 227 5.8.3 DIRECT ACQUISITION OF GPS
MILITARY SIGNALS 229 5.9 SEQUENCE OF INITIAL RECEIVER OPERATIONS 231
5.10 DATA DEMODULATION 232 5.11 SPECIAL BASEBAND FUNCTIONS 233 5.11.1
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE POWER RATIO METER 233 5.11.2 PHASE LOCK DETECTOR WITH
OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC DECISIONS 233 5.11.3 FALSE FREQUENCY LOCK AND
FALSE PHASE LOCK DETECTOR 235 5.12 USE OF DIGITAL PROCESSING 235 5.13
CONSIDERATIONS FOR INDOOR APPLICATIONS 237 5.14 CODELESS AND
SEMICODELESS PROCESSING 239 REFERENCES 240 CHAPTER6 INTERFERENCE,
MULTIPATH, AND SCINTILLATION 6.1 OVERVIEW 6.2 RADIO FREQUENCY
INTERFERENCE 6.2.1 TYPES AND SOURCES OF RF INTERFERENCE 6.2.2 EFFECTS OF
RF INTERFERENCE ON RECEIVER PERFORMANCE 6.2.3 INTERFERENCE MITIGATION
6.3 MULTIPATH X 6.3.1 MULTIPATH CHARACTERISTICS AND MODELS 6.3.2 EFFECTS
OF MULTIPATH ON RECEIVER PERFORMANCE 6.3.3 MULTIPATH MITIGATION 6.4
IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION REFERENCES ^^M CHAPTER 7 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H PERFORMANCE OF STAND-ALONE GPS 7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 MEASUREMENT ERRORS 7.2.1 SATELLITE CLOCK ERROR 7.2.2 EPHEMERIS ERROR
7.2.3 RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS 7.2.4 ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS 7.2.5 RECEIVER
NOISE AND RESOLUTION 7.2.6 MULTIPATH AND SHADOWING EFFECTS 7.2.7
HARDWARE BIAS ERRORS 7.2.8 PSEUDORANGE ERROR BUDGETS 7.3 PVT ESTIMATION
CONCEPTS 7.3.1 SATELLITE GEOMETRY AND DILUTION OF PRECISION IN GPS 7.3.2
ACCURACY METRICS 7.3.3 WEIGHTED LEAST SQUARES (WLS) 7.3.4 ADDITIONAL
STATE VARIABLES 7.3.5 KALMAN FILTERING 7.4 GPS AVAILABILITY 7.4.1
PREDICTED GPS AVAILABILITY USING THE NOMINAL 24-SATELLITE GPS
CONSTELLATION 7.4.2 EFFECTS OF SATELLITE OUTAGES ON GPS AVAILABILITY 7.5
GPS INTEGRITY 7.5.1 DISCUSSION OF CRITICALITY 7.5.2 SOURCES OF INTEGRITY
ANOMALIES 7.5.3 INTEGRITY ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES 7.6 CONTINUITY 7.7
MEASURED PERFORMANCE REFERENCES ^ H CHAPTER 8 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H DIFFERENTIAL GPS 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.2 SPATIAL AND
TIME CORRELATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GPS ERRORS 8.2.1 SATELLITE CLOCK
ERRORS 8.2.2 EPHEMERIS ERRORS 8.2.3 TROPOSPHERIC ERRORS 8.2.4
IONOSPHERIC ERRORS 8.2.5 RECEIVER NOISE AND MULTIPATH 8.3 CODE-BASED
TECHNIQUES 8.3.1 LOCAL-AREA DGPS CONTENTS 281 285 292 295 297 301 301
302 304 305 306 308 319 319 320 321 322 322 328 332 333 334 334 335 337
343 345 345 346 360 361 375 379 379 381 381 382 384 387 390 391 391
CONTENTS XJ 8.3.2 REGIONAL-AREA DGPS 394 8.3.3 WIDE-AREA DGPS 395 8.4
CARRIER-BASED TECHNIQUES 397 8.4.1 PRECISE BASELINE DETERMINATION IN
REAL TIME 398 8.4.2 STATIC APPLICATION 418 8.4.3 AIRBORNE APPLICATION
420 8.4.4 ATTITUDE DETERMINATION 423 8.5 MESSAGE FORMATS 425 8.5.1
VERSION 2.3 425 8.5.2 VERSION 3.0 428 8.6 EXAMPLES 429 8.6.1 CODE BASED
429 8.6.2 CARRIER BASED 450 REFERENCES 454 CHAPTER 9 INTEGRATION OF GPS
WITH OTHER SENSORS AND NETWORK ASSISTANCE 459 9.1 OVERVIEW 459 9.2
GPS/INERTIAL INTEGRATION 460 9.2.1 GPS RECEIVER PERFORMANCE ISSUES 460
9.2.2 INERTIAL SENSOR PERFORMANCE ISSUES 464 9.2.3 THE KALMAN FILTER 466
9.2.4 GPSI INTEGRATION METHODS 470 9.2.5 RELIABILITY AND INTEGRITY 488
9.2.6 INTEGRATION WITH CRPA 489 9.3 SENSOR INTEGRATION IN LAND VEHICLE
SYSTEMS 491 9.3.1 INTRODUCTION 491 9.3.2 REVIEW OF AVAILABLE SENSOR
TECHNOLOGY 496 9.3.3 SENSOR INTEGRATION PRINCIPLES 515 9.4 NETWORK
ASSISTANCE 522 9.4.1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF ASSISTED GPS 526 9.4.2
REQUIREMENTS OF THE FCC MANDATE 528 9.4.3 TOTAL UNCERTAINTY SEARCH SPACE
535 9.4.4 GPS RECEIVER INTEGRATION IN CELLULAR PHONES*ASSISTANCE DATA
FROM HANDSETS 540 9.4.5 TYPES OF NETWORK ASSISTANCE 543 REFERENCES 554
CHAPTER 10 GALILEO 559 10.1 GALILEO PROGRAM OBJECTIVES 559 10.2 GALILEO
SERVICES AND PERFORMANCE 559 10.2.1 OPEN SERVICE (OS) ^ 560 10.2.2
COMMERCIAL SERVICE (CS) 562 10.2.3 SAFETY OF LIFE (SOL) SERVICE 562
10.2.4 PUBLIC REGULATED SERVICE (PRS) 562 10.2.5 SUPPORT TO SEARCH AND
RESCUE (SAR) SERVICE 563 XII CONTENTS 10.3 GALILEO FREQUENCY PLAN AND
SIGNAL DESIGN 563 10.3.1 FREQUENCIES AND SIGNALS 563 10.3.2 MODULATION
SCHEMES 565 10.3.3 SAR SIGNAL PLAN 576 10.4 INTEROPERABILITY BETWEEN GPS
AND GALILEO 577 10.4.1 SIGNAL IN SPACE 577 10.4.2 GEODETIC COORDINATE
REFERENCE FRAME 578 10.4.3 TIME REFERENCE FRAME 578 10.5 SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE 579 10.5.1 SPACE SEGMENT 581 10.5.2 GROUND SEGMENT 585 10.6
GALILEO SAR ARCHITECTURE 591 10.7 GALILEO DEVELOPMENT PLAN 592
REFERENCES 594 CHAPTER 11 OTHER SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS 595 11.1
THE RUSSIAN GLONASS SYSTEM 595 11.1.1 INTRODUCTION 595 PROGRAM OVERVIEW
595 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 597 CONSTELLATION AND ORBIT 597 SPACECRAFT
DESCRIPTION 599 GROUND SUPPORT 602 USER EQUIPMENT 604 REFERENCE SYSTEMS
605 GLONASS SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS 606 SYSTEM ACCURACY 611 FUTURE
GLONASS DEVELOPMENT 612 OTHER GLONASS INFORMATION SOURCES 614 11.2 THE
CHINESE BEIDOU SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEM 615 INTRODUCTION 615 PROGRAM
HISTORY 616 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE 617 CONSTELLATION AND ORBIT 617
SPACECRAFT 617 RDSS SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE 618 RDSS NAVIGATION SERVICES
621 RDSS NAVIGATION SIGNALS 622 SYSTEM COVERAGE AND ACCURACY 623 FUTURE
DEVELOPMENTS 623 11.3 THE JAPANESE QZSS PROGRAM 625 INTRODUCTION 625
PROGRAM OVERVIEW 625 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 626 CONSTELLATION AND
ORBIT 626 SPACECRAFT DEVELOPMENT 627 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11.
11. 11. 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 THECI 11. 11. 11.
11. 11. 11. 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 ,2.6 ,2.7 11.2.8 11.2.9 11, 11 T 1 11 11 11
11 11 .2.10 .2.11 UA T,, HE JA .3.1 .3.2 .3.3 .3.4 .3.5 CONTENTS XM
11.3.6 GROUND SUPPORT 628 11.3.7 USER EQUIPMENT 628 11.3.8 REFERENCE
SYSTEMS 628 11.3.9 NAVIGATION SERVICES AND SIGNALS 628 11.3.10 SYSTEM
COVERAGE AND ACCURACY 629 11.3.11 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT 629 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
630 REFERENCES 630 CHAPTER 12 GNSS MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS 635 12.1
GNSS: A COMPLEX MARKET BASED ON ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 635 12.1.1 MARKET
SCOPE, SEGMENTATION, AND VALUE 638 12.1.2 UNIQUE ASPECTS OF GNSS MARKET
639 12.1.3 MARKET LIMITATIONS, COMPETITIVE SYSTEMS, AND POLICY 640 12.2
CIVIL NAVIGATION APPLICATIONS OF GNSS 641 12.2.1 MARINE NAVIGATION 642
12.2.2 AIR NAVIGATION 645 12.2.3 LAND NAVIGATION 646 12.3 GNSS IN
SURVEYING, MAPPING, AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS 647 12.3.1
SURVEYING 648 12.3.2 MAPPING 648 12.3.3 GIS 649 12.4 RECREATIONAL
MARKETS FOR GNSS-BASED PRODUCTS 650 12.5 GNSS TIME TRANSFER 650 12.6
DIFFERENTIAL APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES 650 12.6.1 PRECISION APPROACH
AIRCRAFT LANDING SYSTEMS 651 12.6.2 OTHER DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS 651
12.6.3 ATTITUDE DETERMINATION SYSTEMS 652 12.7 GNSS AND TELEMATICS AND
LBS 652 12.8 CREATIVE USES FOR GNSS 654 12.9 GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY
APPLICATIONS 654 12.9.1 MILITARY USER EQUIPMENT*AVIATION, SHIPBOARD, AND
LAND 655 12.9.2 AUTONOMOUS RECEIVERS*SMART WEAPONS 656 12.9.3 SPACE
APPLICATIONS 657 12.9.4 OTHER GOVERNMENT APPLICATIONS 657 12.10 USER
EQUIPMENT NEEDS FOR SPECIFIC MARKETS 657 12.11 FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS FOR
THE GNSS INDUSTRY 660 REFERENCES 661 APPENDIX A LEAST SQUARES AND
WEIGHTED LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATES REFERENCE APPENDIX B STABILITY MEASURES
FOR FREQUENCY SOURCES B.I INTRODUCTION |
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| id | DE-604.BV021274863 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T13:45:38Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:34:26Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1580538940 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2005056270 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014595928 |
| oclc_num | 62128065 |
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| physical | XVII, 703 S. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Artech House |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Artech House mobile communications series |
| spelling | Understanding GPS principles and applications Elliott D. Kaplan, Christopher J. Hegarty (eds.) 2. ed. Boston [u.a.] Artech House 2006 XVII, 703 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Artech House mobile communications series Includes bibliographical references GPS Global Positioning System GPS (DE-588)4216824-7 gnd rswk-swf GPS (DE-588)4216824-7 s DE-604 Kaplan, Elliott D. Sonstige (DE-588)1067260250 oth Hegarty, Christopher J. Sonstige oth HEBIS Datenaustausch Darmstadt application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014595928&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Understanding GPS principles and applications GPS Global Positioning System GPS (DE-588)4216824-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4216824-7 |
| title | Understanding GPS principles and applications |
| title_auth | Understanding GPS principles and applications |
| title_exact_search | Understanding GPS principles and applications |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Understanding GPS principles and applications |
| title_full | Understanding GPS principles and applications Elliott D. Kaplan, Christopher J. Hegarty (eds.) |
| title_fullStr | Understanding GPS principles and applications Elliott D. Kaplan, Christopher J. Hegarty (eds.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding GPS principles and applications Elliott D. Kaplan, Christopher J. Hegarty (eds.) |
| title_short | Understanding GPS |
| title_sort | understanding gps principles and applications |
| title_sub | principles and applications |
| topic | GPS Global Positioning System GPS (DE-588)4216824-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | GPS Global Positioning System |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014595928&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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