Utilization of space: today and tomorrow
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2006
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 410 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9783540252009 3540252002 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV021269746 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20060116 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 051219s2006 gw abd| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 016 | 7 | |a 973670169 |2 DE-101 | |
| 020 | |a 9783540252009 |9 978-3-540-25200-9 | ||
| 020 | |a 3540252002 |9 3-540-25200-2 | ||
| 024 | 3 | |a 9783540252009 | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a 10942642 |
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)63678135 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV021269746 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakddb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 044 | |a gw |c XA-DE-BE | ||
| 049 | |a DE-20 |a DE-703 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a TL787 | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 629.4 |2 22 | |
| 084 | |a ZO 8000 |0 (DE-625)157871: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a 520 |2 sdnb | ||
| 084 | |a 620 |2 sdnb | ||
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Utilization of space |b today and tomorrow |c Berndt Feuerbacher ... (eds.) |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2006 | |
| 300 | |a XX, 410 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Astronautics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Space sciences | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Weltraumforschung |0 (DE-588)4117629-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Weltraumforschung |0 (DE-588)4117629-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Feuerbacher, Berndt |d 1940-2020 |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)106391259 |4 oth | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m DNB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014590883&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014590883 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135049027649536 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | BERNDT FEUERBACHER * HEINZ STOEWER (EDS.)
UTILIZATION OF SPACE
TODAY AND TOMORROW
WITH 315 FIGURES
U SPRINGER
UTILIZATION OF SPACE
LIST OF CONTENTS
SPACE: BEYOND THE HORIZON
1 SPACE UTILIZATION
BY BERNDT FEUERBACHER 3
1.1 SPACE HAS CHANGED OUR LIFE 3
1.2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE UTILIZATION 8
1.2.1 THE TECHNOLOGY RACE 8
1.2.2 SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION 8
1.2.3 EARLY COMMERCIAL UTILIZATION 10
1.2.4 EXPLOITATION IN THE SERVICE OF SOCIETY 11
1.3 SPACE QUALITIES FOR UTILIZATION 12
1.3.1 UNIQUE VIEWING POSITIONS 12
1.3.2 LOCAL PRESENCE IN SPACE 15
1.3.3 THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT 17
1.3.4 GLOBAL AND COSMIC DIMENSIONS 21
1.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS 21
2 ACCESS TO SPACE - THE PREREQUISITES FOR SPACE UTILIZATION
BY HEINZ STOEWER 23
2.1 LAUNCH VEHICLES 23
2.1.1 THE PIONEERS - FROM GODDARD AND THE V2 TO SATURN AND APOLLO 23
2.1.2 EXPENDABLE LAUNCH VEHICLES - TODAY S FLEET 24
2.1.3 REUSABLE LAUNCH VEHICLES - SPACE SHUTTLE AND BEYOND 26
2.1.4 ROCKETS FOR SPACE UTILIZATION- SUMMARY 8
2.2 SPACECRAFT AND SATELLITES 29
2.2.1 SPACECRAFT CLASSES - A VARIETY STORE 29
2.2.2 SPACECRAFT HOUSEKEEPING FUNCTIONS 32
2.2.3 PAYLOADS AND INSTRUMENTS 33
2.3 SPACE STATIONS (HUMAN SPACE LABORATORIES) 36
2.4 GROUND SUPPORT CENTERS 38
2.5 ENABLING COMPETENCES 40
2.5.1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 40
2.5.2 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 42
2.5.3 PRODUCT ASSURANCE 43
2.6 THE TECHNOLOGY BASE 46
2.7 CONCLUSIONS 48
XV
UTILIZATION OF SPACE
LOOKING DOWN: OUR EARTH
3 THE EARTH SURFACE
BY STEFAN DECH 53
3.1 SENSING THE EARTH SURFACE 53
3.2 REMOTE SENSING BASICS 54
3.2.1 OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING 56
3.2.2 RADAR REMOTE SENSING 57
3.2.3 PROCESSING DATA TO INFORMATION 59
3.2.4 MANAGING DATA AND PRODUCTS 59
3.3 STATE-OF-THE-ART APPLICATIONS 61
3.3.1 THE LAND SURFACE 61
3.3.2 THE OCEANS AND THE CRYOSPHERE 72
3.3.3 SECURITY, DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND HUMANITARIAN AID 79
3.4 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 86
4 CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT
BY HARTMUT GRAFIL 91
4.1 THE EARTH SYSTEM COMPONENTS 91
4.1.1 COMPONENT INTERACTIONS 91
4.1.2 CHANGES IN ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION SINCE INDUSTRIALIZATION BEGAN
92
4.1.3 VARIABILITY VERSUS CHANGE 92
4.1.4 ADVANTAGES OF EARTH OBSERVATION FROM SPACE 92
4.1.5 DETECTION OF CHANGES IN GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 93
4.1.6 EARTH SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND SUSTAINABILITY 93
4.2 CHALLENGES FOR CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 94
4.2.1 FIRST CHALLENGE: CALIBRATED GLOBAL DATA SETS 94
4.2.2 SECOND CHALLENGE: ASSIMILATION OF REMOTE SENSING DATA INTO EARTH
SYSTEM MODELS 95
4.2.3 THIRD CHALLENGE: EVALUATION OF SATELLITE SERIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
AND CLIMATE
MONITORING 95
4.2.4 FOURTH CHALLENGE: MULTISATELLITE AND MULTISENSOR EVALUATION 96
4.3 VARIABILITY OF BIOSPHERIC AND CLIMATE PARAMETERS FROM SPACE 96
4.3.1 CLOUDINESS 96
4.3.2 OCEAN SURFACE PARAMETERS 97
4.3.3 VEGETATION PERIOD 99
4.4 EMERGING NEW PARAMETERS 99
4.4.1 CARBON DIOXIDE COLUMN CONTENT 100
4.4.2 AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH 100
4.4.3 OTHER TRACE GAS COLUMN CONTENTS 101
4.4.4 EARLY DETECTION OF HIGH IMPACT CYCLONES OVER SEA 101
4.5 FIRST STUDIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE CHANGE USING SATELLITE
DATA 102
4.5.1 THE CRYOSPHERE 102
4.5.2 OZONE DEPLETION 104
4.5.3 AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS 105
4.5.4 NORTHWARD SHIFT OF VEGETATION 105
4.6 THE TRANSITION TO EARTH WATCH MISSIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL EXPLORER
MISSIONS 105
4.6.1 EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 106
4.6.2 OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITES 107
XVI
LIST OF CONTENTS
4.6.3 EUROPEAN CONTRIBUTION AND LEADERSHIP IN EARTH OBSERVATION 107
4.7 CONCLUSION 108
4.7.1 PROPER MIX OF EXPLORATIVE AND OPERATIONAL MISSIONS 108
4.7.2 GLOBAL DATA SETS AS BASIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES 108
4.7.3 SCENARIOS OF EARTH SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 109
4.8 FINAL REMARK 109
5 WEATHER OBSERVATIONS FROM SPACE
BY TILLMANN MOHR AND JOHANNES SCHMETZ ILL
5.1 THE NEED TO OBSERVE THE CHANGING WEATHER ILL
5.2 THE GLOBAL METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE OBSERVING SYSTEM ILL
5.2.1 RETRIEVAL OF GEOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS FROM SATELLITES 113
5.3 OBSERVING THE ATMOSPHERE 114
5.3.1 CLOUDS 114
5.3.2 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY 115
5.3.3 ATMOSPHERIC WINDS 118
5.3.4 DOPPLER WIND LIDAR 120
5.3.5 OCEAN-SURFACE WINDS 121
5.3.6 PRECIPITATION 122
5.3.7 AEROSOLS AND TRACE GASES 123
5.4 APPLICATIONS IN WEATHER FORECASTING 124
5.4.1 NOWCASTING SEVERE WEATHER 124
5.4.2 NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION 126
5.4.3 TRACKING TROPICAL STORMS 128
5.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS 128
6 GEODYNAMICS
BY BERT VERMEERSEN, RON NOOMEN, ERNST SCHRAMA, AND PIETER VISSER 131
6.1 THE CHANGING EARTH 131
6.1.1 DYNAMICS OF THE CRUST AND LITHOSPHERE 131
6.1.2 THE EARTH S INTERIOR AND ITS DYNAMICS 135
6.1.3 COUPLING WITH PROCESSES IN THE OCEAN, CONTINENTAL HYDROLOGY AND
THE ATMOSPHERE 138
6.2 SPACE GEODETIC OBSERVING TECHNIQUES 140
6.2.1 OPTICAL TRACKING OF SATELLITES 140
6.2.2 MICROWAVE TRACKING OF SATELLITES 143
6.2.3 X/S/KU-BAND 144
6.2.4 DOPPLER ORBITOGRAPHY AND RADIOPOSITIONING 145
6.2.5 GALILEO 146
6.2.6 MICROWAVE OBSERVATION OF QUASARS 146
6.2.7 DEFORMATION MONITORING BY RADAR SYSTEMS 148
6.3 EARTH ORIENTATION 148
6.3.1 MOTION OF THE ROTATION AXIS 149
6.3.2 OBSERVATION BY SPACE TECHNIQUES 150
6.3.3 LINK WITH SOLID EARTH, OCEAN AND ATMOSPHERE DYNAMICS 150
6.4 SATELLITE GRAVITY AND GEOPROCESSES 151
6.4.1 THE STATIC GEOID AND THE GRAVITY ANOMALY FIELD 151
6.4.2 OBSERVATION SCENARIOS - PRESENT AND FUTURE 154
6.4.3 TEMPORAL GRAVITY FIELD VARIATIONS AND THEIR LINK TO EARTH
PROCESSES 155
XVII
UTILIZATION OF SPACE
6.5 EARTH MAGNETIC FIELD AND THE GEOSPHERE 157
6.5.1 THE INTERNAL FIELD 158
6.5.2 THE EXTERNAL FIELD 158
6.5.3 APPLICATIONS 159
6.5.4 MONITORING FROM SPACE 160
6.6 PLATE TECTONICS 162
6.6.1 DEFORMATION OBSERVATIONS IN PLATE BOUNDARY ZONES 162
6.6.2 THE NORTH AMERICAN- EURASIAN - AFRICAN PLATE BOUNDARY ZONE 163
6.6.3 THE EURASIAN-AUSTRALIAN-PHILIPPINE PLATE BOUNDARY ZONE 164
6.7 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 164
LOOKING UP: STARS AND PLANETS
7 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
BY RALF-JIIRGEN DETTMAR 169
7.1 ASTRONOMY FROM SPACE 170
7.1.1 ABSORPTION 171
7.1.2 EMISSION 171
7.1.3 TURBULENCE 172
7.1.4 EXTENDED BASELINE 173
7.2 THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT 173
7.3 ASTRONOMICAL THEMES TO COME 174
7.3.1 COSMOLOGY AND STRUCTURE FORMATION 175
7.3.2 BLACK HOLES AND COMPACT OBJECTS 176
7.3.3 FORMATION OF STARS AND PLANETARY SYSTEMS 178
7.4 CURRENT SPACE ASTRONOMY MISSIONS 179
7.4.1 THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE AND THE OPTICAL WAVELENGTH RANGE 180
7.4.2 UV MISSIONS: FUSE, GALEX, AND MORE 181
7.4.3 COVERING THE INFRARED: THE SPITZER OBSERVATORY 182
7.4.4 THE FAR INFRARED AND THE SUB-MM: HERSCHEL 183
7.4.5 LOOKING AT THE MICROWAVE BACKGROUND WITH PLANCK 184
7.4.6 THE X-RAY SKY SEEN WITH NEWTON AND CHANDRA 185
7.4.7 THE HIGH ENERGY END: Y-RAYS 186
7.5 FUTURE MISSIONS 187
7.5.1 THE JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE 187
7.5.2 ASTROMETRY: PRECISE POSITIONS WITH GAIA 188
7.5.3 INTERFEROMETRY IN SPACE 189
7.5.4 A CLOSER LOOK AT EARTH-LIKE PLANETS: DARWIN AND TPF 189
7.5.5 THE NEXT GENERATION OF X-RAY TELESCOPES 190
7.6 PERSPECTIVES AND CONCLUSIONS 191
8 THE SOLAR SYSTEM
BY TILMAN SPOHN AND RALF JAUMANN., 195
8.1 OUR PLANETARY SYSTEM 196
8.2 PLANETARY MISSIONS 197
8.3 PLANET AND SATELLITE ORBITS AND ROTATION STATES 200
8.4 COMPOSITION AND INTERIOR STRUCTURE OF PLANETS 202
8.5 SURFACES AND ATMOSPHERES 206
XVIII
LIST OF CONTENTS
8.6 ENERGY BALANCE AND EVOLUTION 215
8.7 MAGNETIC FIELDS AND FIELD GENERATION 218
8.8 ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM 221
8.9 CONCLUDING REMARKS 222
BETWEEN SPACE AND EARTH
9 COMMUNICATIONS
BY EDWARD ASHFORD 227
9D BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES 227
9.1.1 THE NEED FOR MEANS OF COMMUNICATION 227
9.1.2 RADIO FREQUENCY COMMUNICATIONS - FROM MAXWELL TO MARCONI AND
BEYOND 228
9.1.3 THE ROAD TO SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS - A BRIEF HISTORY 228
9.2 PRINCIPLES OF RADIO COMMUNICATIONS 230
9.2.1 THE PROS AND CONS OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 237
9.2.2 THE DRAWBACKS OF SATELLITES - LIMITED FREQUENCY SPECTRUM 238
9.3 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION LINKS 240
9.4 THE PRESENT SATELLITE SERVICES AND SYSTEMS 242
9.5 WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS 246
10 SATELLITE NAVIGATION
BY GIINTER W. HEIN 251
10.1 SATELLITE NAVIGATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SPACE SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS 251
10.2 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATIONS - A BRIEF OUTLINE 253
10.3 APPLICATIONS 256
10.3.1 ROAD TRANSPORT 256
10.3.2 RAIL 257
10.3.3 MARITIME NAVIGATION 259
10.3.4 AVIATION 260
10.3.5 SPACE 262
10.3.6 TELECOMMUNICATION 263
10.3.7 FINANCE, BANKING AND INSURANCE 264
10.3.8 PRECISION AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT 265
10.3.9 SURVEYING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 265
10.3.10 ELECTRICITY NETWORKS 266
10.3.11 SCIENCE 266
10.4 FUTURE TRENDS 269
SPACE AS A LABORATORY
11 FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS
BY HANSJORG DITTUS 175
11.1 FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS - DEFINITION 275
11.2 SPACE -A UNIQUE LABORATORY 276
11.3 TESTING FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND PREDICTIONS IN SPACE 277
11.4 METROLOGY AND FUNDAMENTAL UNITS 290
11.5 TECHNOLOGY 290
11.6 SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK 293
XIX
UTILIZATION OF SPACE
12 MATERIALS SCIENCES
BY LORENZ RATKE 297
12.1 OBJECTIVES OF MATERIALS SCIENCES IN SPACE 297
12.2 PRINCIPLES OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING 301
12.3 STATE-OF-THE-ART APPLICATIONS 307
12.3.1 DENDRITES 308
12.3.2 COLUMNAR TO EQUIAXED TRANSITION 311
12.3.3 EUTECTICS 313
12.3.4 COARSENING 314
12.3.5 THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES 318
12.3.6 CRYSTAL GROWTH 322
12.4 FUTURE RESEARCH ON THE ISS 327
13 LIFE SCIENCES
BY RUPERT GERZER, RUTH HEMMERSBACH, AND GERDA HORNECK 341
13 LIFE SCIENCES 341
13.1 THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT 341
13.2 ASTROBIOLOGY 344
13.2.1 ASTROBIOLOGY STUDIES IN EARTH ORBIT 345
13.2.2 PERSPECTIVES OF ASTROBIOLOGY 352
13.3 GRAVITATIONAL BIOLOGY 353
13.3.1 LIFE UNDER GRAVITY CONDITIONS 353
13.3.2 GRAVISENSORS 353
13.3.3 EXPERIMENTS IN MICROGRAVITY 356
13.3.4 PERSPECTIVE OF GRAVITATIONAL BIOLOGY 360
13.4 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 361
13.4.1 SPACE-RELATED ASPECTS OF HUMAN HEALTH 362
13.4.2 COUNTERMEASURES 368
13.4.3 THE FUTURE OF HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT 370
ANY LIMITS?
14 CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES
BY BERNDT FEUERBACHER AND HEINZ STOEWER 377
14.1 FOCUSING ON HUMAN NEEDS 377
14.2 REACHING SPACE - THE COSTLY FIRST STEP 378
14.3 CHALLENGES OF SPACE UTILIZATION 380
14.3.1 HUMAN WELFARE - SUSTAINABILITY OF LIFE 380
14.3.2 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION 383
14.3.3 KNOWLEDGE AND EDUCATION 385
14.4 CONCLUSIONS , 388
LIST OF ACRONYMS 389
KEYWORD INDEX 395
XX
|
| adam_txt |
BERNDT FEUERBACHER * HEINZ STOEWER (EDS.)
UTILIZATION OF SPACE
TODAY AND TOMORROW
WITH 315 FIGURES
U SPRINGER
UTILIZATION OF SPACE
LIST OF CONTENTS
SPACE: BEYOND THE HORIZON
1 SPACE UTILIZATION
BY BERNDT FEUERBACHER 3
1.1 SPACE HAS CHANGED OUR LIFE 3
1.2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE UTILIZATION 8
1.2.1 THE TECHNOLOGY RACE 8
1.2.2 SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION 8
1.2.3 EARLY COMMERCIAL UTILIZATION 10
1.2.4 EXPLOITATION IN THE SERVICE OF SOCIETY 11
1.3 SPACE QUALITIES FOR UTILIZATION 12
1.3.1 UNIQUE VIEWING POSITIONS 12
1.3.2 LOCAL PRESENCE IN SPACE 15
1.3.3 THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT 17
1.3.4 GLOBAL AND COSMIC DIMENSIONS 21
1.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS 21
2 ACCESS TO SPACE - THE PREREQUISITES FOR SPACE UTILIZATION
BY HEINZ STOEWER 23
2.1 LAUNCH VEHICLES 23
2.1.1 THE PIONEERS - FROM GODDARD AND THE V2 TO SATURN AND APOLLO 23
2.1.2 EXPENDABLE LAUNCH VEHICLES - TODAY'S FLEET 24
2.1.3 REUSABLE LAUNCH VEHICLES - SPACE SHUTTLE AND BEYOND 26
2.1.4 ROCKETS FOR SPACE UTILIZATION- SUMMARY 8
2.2 SPACECRAFT AND SATELLITES 29
2.2.1 SPACECRAFT CLASSES - A VARIETY STORE 29
2.2.2 SPACECRAFT HOUSEKEEPING FUNCTIONS 32
2.2.3 PAYLOADS AND INSTRUMENTS 33
2.3 SPACE STATIONS (HUMAN SPACE LABORATORIES) 36
2.4 GROUND SUPPORT CENTERS 38
2.5 ENABLING COMPETENCES 40
2.5.1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 40
2.5.2 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 42
2.5.3 PRODUCT ASSURANCE 43
2.6 THE TECHNOLOGY BASE 46
2.7 CONCLUSIONS 48
XV
UTILIZATION OF SPACE
LOOKING DOWN: OUR EARTH
3 THE EARTH SURFACE
BY STEFAN DECH 53
3.1 SENSING THE EARTH SURFACE 53
3.2 REMOTE SENSING BASICS 54
3.2.1 OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING 56
3.2.2 RADAR REMOTE SENSING 57
3.2.3 PROCESSING DATA TO INFORMATION 59
3.2.4 MANAGING DATA AND PRODUCTS 59
3.3 STATE-OF-THE-ART APPLICATIONS 61
3.3.1 THE LAND SURFACE 61
3.3.2 THE OCEANS AND THE CRYOSPHERE 72
3.3.3 SECURITY, DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND HUMANITARIAN AID 79
3.4 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 86
4 CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT
BY HARTMUT GRAFIL 91
4.1 THE EARTH SYSTEM COMPONENTS 91
4.1.1 COMPONENT INTERACTIONS 91
4.1.2 CHANGES IN ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION SINCE INDUSTRIALIZATION BEGAN
92
4.1.3 VARIABILITY VERSUS CHANGE 92
4.1.4 ADVANTAGES OF EARTH OBSERVATION FROM SPACE 92
4.1.5 DETECTION OF CHANGES IN GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 93
4.1.6 EARTH SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND SUSTAINABILITY 93
4.2 CHALLENGES FOR CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 94
4.2.1 FIRST CHALLENGE: CALIBRATED GLOBAL DATA SETS 94
4.2.2 SECOND CHALLENGE: ASSIMILATION OF REMOTE SENSING DATA INTO EARTH
SYSTEM MODELS 95
4.2.3 THIRD CHALLENGE: EVALUATION OF SATELLITE SERIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
AND CLIMATE
MONITORING 95
4.2.4 FOURTH CHALLENGE: MULTISATELLITE AND MULTISENSOR EVALUATION 96
4.3 VARIABILITY OF BIOSPHERIC AND CLIMATE PARAMETERS FROM SPACE 96
4.3.1 CLOUDINESS 96
4.3.2 OCEAN SURFACE PARAMETERS 97
4.3.3 VEGETATION PERIOD 99
4.4 EMERGING NEW PARAMETERS 99
4.4.1 CARBON DIOXIDE COLUMN CONTENT 100
4.4.2 AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH 100
4.4.3 OTHER TRACE GAS COLUMN CONTENTS 101
4.4.4 EARLY DETECTION OF HIGH IMPACT CYCLONES OVER SEA 101
4.5 FIRST STUDIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE CHANGE USING SATELLITE
DATA 102
4.5.1 THE CRYOSPHERE 102
4.5.2 OZONE DEPLETION 104
4.5.3 AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS 105
4.5.4 NORTHWARD SHIFT OF VEGETATION 105
4.6 THE TRANSITION TO EARTH WATCH MISSIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL EXPLORER
MISSIONS 105
4.6.1 EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 106
4.6.2 OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITES 107
XVI
LIST OF CONTENTS
4.6.3 EUROPEAN CONTRIBUTION AND LEADERSHIP IN EARTH OBSERVATION 107
4.7 CONCLUSION 108
4.7.1 PROPER MIX OF EXPLORATIVE AND OPERATIONAL MISSIONS 108
4.7.2 GLOBAL DATA SETS AS BASIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES 108
4.7.3 SCENARIOS OF EARTH SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 109
4.8 FINAL REMARK 109
5 WEATHER OBSERVATIONS FROM SPACE
BY TILLMANN MOHR AND JOHANNES SCHMETZ ILL
5.1 THE NEED TO OBSERVE THE CHANGING WEATHER ILL
5.2 THE GLOBAL METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE OBSERVING SYSTEM ILL
5.2.1 RETRIEVAL OF GEOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS FROM SATELLITES 113
5.3 OBSERVING THE ATMOSPHERE 114
5.3.1 CLOUDS 114
5.3.2 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY 115
5.3.3 ATMOSPHERIC WINDS 118
5.3.4 DOPPLER WIND LIDAR 120
5.3.5 OCEAN-SURFACE WINDS 121
5.3.6 PRECIPITATION 122
5.3.7 AEROSOLS AND TRACE GASES 123
5.4 APPLICATIONS IN WEATHER FORECASTING 124
5.4.1 NOWCASTING SEVERE WEATHER 124
5.4.2 NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION 126
5.4.3 TRACKING TROPICAL STORMS 128
5.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS 128
6 GEODYNAMICS
BY BERT VERMEERSEN, RON NOOMEN, ERNST SCHRAMA, AND PIETER VISSER 131
6.1 THE CHANGING EARTH 131
6.1.1 DYNAMICS OF THE CRUST AND LITHOSPHERE 131
6.1.2 THE EARTH'S INTERIOR AND ITS DYNAMICS 135
6.1.3 COUPLING WITH PROCESSES IN THE OCEAN, CONTINENTAL HYDROLOGY AND
THE ATMOSPHERE 138
6.2 SPACE GEODETIC OBSERVING TECHNIQUES 140
6.2.1 OPTICAL TRACKING OF SATELLITES 140
6.2.2 MICROWAVE TRACKING OF SATELLITES 143
6.2.3 X/S/KU-BAND 144
6.2.4 DOPPLER ORBITOGRAPHY AND RADIOPOSITIONING 145
6.2.5 GALILEO 146
6.2.6 MICROWAVE OBSERVATION OF QUASARS 146
6.2.7 DEFORMATION MONITORING BY RADAR SYSTEMS 148
6.3 EARTH ORIENTATION 148
6.3.1 MOTION OF THE ROTATION AXIS 149
6.3.2 OBSERVATION BY SPACE TECHNIQUES 150
6.3.3 LINK WITH SOLID EARTH, OCEAN AND ATMOSPHERE DYNAMICS 150
6.4 SATELLITE GRAVITY AND GEOPROCESSES 151
6.4.1 THE STATIC GEOID AND THE GRAVITY ANOMALY FIELD 151
6.4.2 OBSERVATION SCENARIOS - PRESENT AND FUTURE 154
6.4.3 TEMPORAL GRAVITY FIELD VARIATIONS AND THEIR LINK TO EARTH
PROCESSES 155
XVII
UTILIZATION OF SPACE
6.5 EARTH MAGNETIC FIELD AND THE GEOSPHERE 157
6.5.1 THE INTERNAL FIELD 158
6.5.2 THE EXTERNAL FIELD 158
6.5.3 APPLICATIONS 159
6.5.4 MONITORING FROM SPACE 160
6.6 PLATE TECTONICS 162
6.6.1 DEFORMATION OBSERVATIONS IN PLATE BOUNDARY ZONES 162
6.6.2 THE NORTH AMERICAN- EURASIAN - AFRICAN PLATE BOUNDARY ZONE 163
6.6.3 THE EURASIAN-AUSTRALIAN-PHILIPPINE PLATE BOUNDARY ZONE 164
6.7 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 164
LOOKING UP: STARS AND PLANETS
7 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
BY RALF-JIIRGEN DETTMAR 169
7.1 ASTRONOMY FROM SPACE 170
7.1.1 ABSORPTION 171
7.1.2 EMISSION 171
7.1.3 TURBULENCE 172
7.1.4 EXTENDED BASELINE 173
7.2 THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT 173
7.3 ASTRONOMICAL THEMES TO COME 174
7.3.1 COSMOLOGY AND STRUCTURE FORMATION 175
7.3.2 BLACK HOLES AND COMPACT OBJECTS 176
7.3.3 FORMATION OF STARS AND PLANETARY SYSTEMS 178
7.4 CURRENT SPACE ASTRONOMY MISSIONS 179
7.4.1 THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE AND THE OPTICAL WAVELENGTH RANGE 180
7.4.2 UV MISSIONS: FUSE, GALEX, AND MORE 181
7.4.3 COVERING THE INFRARED: THE SPITZER OBSERVATORY 182
7.4.4 THE FAR INFRARED AND THE SUB-MM: HERSCHEL 183
7.4.5 LOOKING AT THE MICROWAVE BACKGROUND WITH PLANCK 184
7.4.6 THE X-RAY SKY SEEN WITH NEWTON AND CHANDRA 185
7.4.7 THE HIGH ENERGY END: Y-RAYS 186
7.5 FUTURE MISSIONS 187
7.5.1 THE JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE 187
7.5.2 ASTROMETRY: PRECISE POSITIONS WITH GAIA 188
7.5.3 INTERFEROMETRY IN SPACE 189
7.5.4 A CLOSER LOOK AT EARTH-LIKE PLANETS: DARWIN AND TPF 189
7.5.5 THE NEXT GENERATION OF X-RAY TELESCOPES 190
7.6 PERSPECTIVES AND CONCLUSIONS 191
8 THE SOLAR SYSTEM
BY TILMAN SPOHN AND RALF JAUMANN., 195
8.1 OUR PLANETARY SYSTEM 196
8.2 PLANETARY MISSIONS 197
8.3 PLANET AND SATELLITE ORBITS AND ROTATION STATES 200
8.4 COMPOSITION AND INTERIOR STRUCTURE OF PLANETS 202
8.5 SURFACES AND ATMOSPHERES 206
XVIII
LIST OF CONTENTS
8.6 ENERGY BALANCE AND EVOLUTION 215
8.7 MAGNETIC FIELDS AND FIELD GENERATION 218
8.8 ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM 221
8.9 CONCLUDING REMARKS 222
BETWEEN SPACE AND EARTH
9 COMMUNICATIONS
BY EDWARD ASHFORD 227
9D BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES 227
9.1.1 THE NEED FOR MEANS OF COMMUNICATION 227
9.1.2 RADIO FREQUENCY COMMUNICATIONS - FROM MAXWELL TO MARCONI AND
BEYOND 228
9.1.3 THE ROAD TO SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS - A BRIEF HISTORY 228
9.2 PRINCIPLES OF RADIO COMMUNICATIONS 230
9.2.1 THE PROS AND CONS OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 237
9.2.2 THE DRAWBACKS OF SATELLITES - LIMITED FREQUENCY SPECTRUM 238
9.3 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION LINKS 240
9.4 THE PRESENT SATELLITE SERVICES AND SYSTEMS 242
9.5 WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS 246
10 SATELLITE NAVIGATION
BY GIINTER W. HEIN 251
10.1 SATELLITE NAVIGATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SPACE SCIENCES AND
APPLICATIONS 251
10.2 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATIONS - A BRIEF OUTLINE 253
10.3 APPLICATIONS 256
10.3.1 ROAD TRANSPORT 256
10.3.2 RAIL 257
10.3.3 MARITIME NAVIGATION 259
10.3.4 AVIATION 260
10.3.5 SPACE 262
10.3.6 TELECOMMUNICATION 263
10.3.7 FINANCE, BANKING AND INSURANCE 264
10.3.8 PRECISION AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT 265
10.3.9 SURVEYING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 265
10.3.10 ELECTRICITY NETWORKS 266
10.3.11 SCIENCE 266
10.4 FUTURE TRENDS 269
SPACE AS A LABORATORY
11 FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS
BY HANSJORG DITTUS 175
11.1 FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS - DEFINITION 275
11.2 SPACE -A UNIQUE LABORATORY 276
11.3 TESTING FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND PREDICTIONS IN SPACE 277
11.4 METROLOGY AND FUNDAMENTAL UNITS 290
11.5 TECHNOLOGY 290
11.6 SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK 293
XIX
UTILIZATION OF SPACE
12 MATERIALS SCIENCES
BY LORENZ RATKE 297
12.1 OBJECTIVES OF MATERIALS SCIENCES IN SPACE 297
12.2 PRINCIPLES OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING 301
12.3 STATE-OF-THE-ART APPLICATIONS 307
12.3.1 DENDRITES 308
12.3.2 COLUMNAR TO EQUIAXED TRANSITION 311
12.3.3 EUTECTICS 313
12.3.4 COARSENING 314
12.3.5 THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES 318
12.3.6 CRYSTAL GROWTH 322
12.4 FUTURE RESEARCH ON THE ISS 327
13 LIFE SCIENCES
BY RUPERT GERZER, RUTH HEMMERSBACH, AND GERDA HORNECK 341
13 LIFE SCIENCES 341
13.1 THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT 341
13.2 ASTROBIOLOGY 344
13.2.1 ASTROBIOLOGY STUDIES IN EARTH ORBIT 345
13.2.2 PERSPECTIVES OF ASTROBIOLOGY 352
13.3 GRAVITATIONAL BIOLOGY 353
13.3.1 LIFE UNDER GRAVITY CONDITIONS 353
13.3.2 GRAVISENSORS 353
13.3.3 EXPERIMENTS IN MICROGRAVITY 356
13.3.4 PERSPECTIVE OF GRAVITATIONAL BIOLOGY 360
13.4 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 361
13.4.1 SPACE-RELATED ASPECTS OF HUMAN HEALTH 362
13.4.2 COUNTERMEASURES 368
13.4.3 THE FUTURE OF HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT 370
ANY LIMITS?
14 CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES
BY BERNDT FEUERBACHER AND HEINZ STOEWER 377
14.1 FOCUSING ON HUMAN NEEDS 377
14.2 REACHING SPACE - THE COSTLY FIRST STEP 378
14.3 CHALLENGES OF SPACE UTILIZATION 380
14.3.1 HUMAN WELFARE - SUSTAINABILITY OF LIFE 380
14.3.2 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION 383
14.3.3 KNOWLEDGE AND EDUCATION 385
14.4 CONCLUSIONS , 388
LIST OF ACRONYMS 389
KEYWORD INDEX 395
XX |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)106391259 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021269746 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TL787 |
| callnumber-raw | TL787 |
| callnumber-search | TL787 |
| callnumber-sort | TL 3787 |
| callnumber-subject | TL - Motor Vehicles and Aeronautics |
| classification_rvk | ZO 8000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)63678135 (DE-599)BVBBV021269746 |
| dewey-full | 629.4 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 629 - Other branches of engineering |
| dewey-raw | 629.4 |
| dewey-search | 629.4 |
| dewey-sort | 3629.4 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Maschinenbau / Maschinenwesen Verkehr / Transport Geographie |
| discipline_str_mv | Maschinenbau / Maschinenwesen Verkehr / Transport Geographie |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01541nam a2200445 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV021269746</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20060116 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">051219s2006 gw abd| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="016" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">973670169</subfield><subfield code="2">DE-101</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9783540252009</subfield><subfield code="9">978-3-540-25200-9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3540252002</subfield><subfield code="9">3-540-25200-2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9783540252009</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="028" ind1="5" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">10942642</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)63678135</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV021269746</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakddb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">gw</subfield><subfield code="c">XA-DE-BE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-20</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-703</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">TL787</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">629.4</subfield><subfield code="2">22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZO 8000</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)157871:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">520</subfield><subfield code="2">sdnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">620</subfield><subfield code="2">sdnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Utilization of space</subfield><subfield code="b">today and tomorrow</subfield><subfield code="c">Berndt Feuerbacher ... (eds.)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Berlin [u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="b">Springer</subfield><subfield code="c">2006</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XX, 410 S.</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Astronautics</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Space sciences</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Weltraumforschung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4117629-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Weltraumforschung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4117629-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Feuerbacher, Berndt</subfield><subfield code="d">1940-2020</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)106391259</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">DNB Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014590883&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014590883</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV021269746 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T13:44:06Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:34:19Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783540252009 3540252002 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014590883 |
| oclc_num | 63678135 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-20 DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-20 DE-703 |
| physical | XX, 410 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Utilization of space today and tomorrow Berndt Feuerbacher ... (eds.) Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2006 XX, 410 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Astronautics Space sciences Weltraumforschung (DE-588)4117629-7 gnd rswk-swf Weltraumforschung (DE-588)4117629-7 s DE-604 Feuerbacher, Berndt 1940-2020 Sonstige (DE-588)106391259 oth DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014590883&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Utilization of space today and tomorrow Astronautics Space sciences Weltraumforschung (DE-588)4117629-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4117629-7 |
| title | Utilization of space today and tomorrow |
| title_auth | Utilization of space today and tomorrow |
| title_exact_search | Utilization of space today and tomorrow |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Utilization of space today and tomorrow |
| title_full | Utilization of space today and tomorrow Berndt Feuerbacher ... (eds.) |
| title_fullStr | Utilization of space today and tomorrow Berndt Feuerbacher ... (eds.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Utilization of space today and tomorrow Berndt Feuerbacher ... (eds.) |
| title_short | Utilization of space |
| title_sort | utilization of space today and tomorrow |
| title_sub | today and tomorrow |
| topic | Astronautics Space sciences Weltraumforschung (DE-588)4117629-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Astronautics Space sciences Weltraumforschung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014590883&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT feuerbacherberndt utilizationofspacetodayandtomorrow |