Wildlife demography: analysis of sex, age, and count data
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier
2005
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 636 S. graph. Darst., Tab. |
| ISBN: | 0120887738 9780120887736 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Skalski, John R. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Wildlife demography |b analysis of sex, age, and count data |c John R. Skalski and Kristin E. Ryding ; Joshua J. Millspaugh |
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Elsevier |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 636 S. |b graph. Darst., Tab. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Populationsbiologie |0 (DE-588)4046800-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 689 | 0 | |C b |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ryding, Kristin E. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Millspaugh, Joshua J. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804135043468099584 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Foreword .................................... xi
Preface ..................................... xv
1 Introduction .................................. 1
1.1 Historical Perspectives and Current Needs................ 1
1.2 Scope of Book .............................. 3
2 Primer on Wildlife Population Dynamics .................. 11
2.1 Introduction................................ 11
2.2 Continuous Time Models......................... 12
2.3 Discrete Time Models........................... 14
2.4 Logistic Population Growth........................ 15
2.5 Age Structure Models........................... 26
2.6 Stage Structure Models.......................... 35
2.7 Harvest Management Theory....................... 37
2.7.1 Annual Surplus Model ...................... 39
2.7.2 Sustained Yield Model ...................... 43
2.8 Summary ................................. 47
3 Estimating Population Sex Ratios ...................... 49
3.1 Introduction................................ 49
3.1.1 Statistical Notation ......................... 50
3.1.2 Alternative Definitions of Sex Ratio ............... 51
3.1.3 Direct Versus Indirect Methods of Estimating Sex Ratios .... 52
3.2 Direct Sampling Techniques ....................... 52
3.2.1 Single Sample Survey without Replacement........... 52
3.2.2 Single Sample Survey with Replacement ............ 55
3.2.3 Multiple Samples with Replacement............... 59
3.2.4 Stratified Random Sampling .................... 62
3.2.5 Unequal Detection Probabilities among Sexes.......... 65
3.2.6 Cluster Sampling Methods .................... 66
3.3 Indirect Methods of Estimating Sex Ratios ............... 69
3.3.1 Sampling without Replacement.................. 70
3.3.2 Sampling with Replacement................... 74
3.3.3 Juvenile Sex Ratio * 1 ...................... 75
v¡ Contents
3.4 Sex Ratio Projections Based on Survival and Harvest Rates ...... 76
3.4.1 Constant Annual Survival for All Age Classes.......... 77
3.4.2 Unique Juvenile Survival Probabilities.............. 83
3.4.3 Unique Juvenile, Subadult, and Adult Survival
Probabilities............................ 84
3.4.4 Juvenile Sex Ratio * 1 : 1..................... 84
3.5 Summary ................................. 85
4 Estimating Productivity............................ 89
4.1 Introduction................................ 89
4.1.1 Standard Notation......................... 92
4.1.2 Alternative Definitions of Productivity Measures ........ 92
4.1.3 Direct Versus Indirect Methods of Estimating Productivity ... 93
4.2 Direct Sampling Techniques....................... 94
4.2.1 Single Survey........................... 94
4.2.2 Repeated Surveys......................... 95
4.2.3 Productivity Adjusted for Breeding Success........... 97
4.2.4 Productivity Adjustment for Renesting.............. 98
4.2.5 Estimating Nesting Success: Mayfield (1975) Method...... 102
4.3 Estimating Productivity from Sex and Age Ratios............ 105
4.3.1 Stokes (1954)-Hanson (1963) Method.............. 105
4.3.2 Generalized Stokes (1954)-Hanson (1963) Method ....... 109
4.3.3 Dale (1952 -Stokes (1954) Method ............... 114
4.3.4 Generalized Dale (1952)-Stokes (1954) Method......... 121
4.4 Summary ................................. 125
5 Estimating Survival .............................. 129
5.1 Introduction................................ 130
5.2 Basic Concepts and Notation....................... 130
5.2.1 Basic Concepts .......................... 130
5.2.2 Notation.............................. 133
5.3 Survival Curve Analysis ......................... 133
5.3.1 Kaplan-Meier (1958) or Product-Limit Estimator........ 133
5.3.2 Nelson (1972)-Aalen (1978) Estimator ............. 136
5.3.3 Nonparametric Test for Comparing Survival Curves....... 139
5.3.4 Parametric Survival Curve Analysis ............: . . 141
5.4 Horizontal Life Tables .......................... 150
5.4.1 Standard Life-Table Analysis................... 151
5.4.2 Constant Survival Across Age Classes.............. 155
5.5 Vertical Life Tables............................ 159
5.5.1 Standard Life-Table Analysis................... 160
5.5.2 Estimating Survival with Truncated Age Classes ........ 168
5.5.3 Vertical Life Table with Constrained Survival.......... 168
5.6 Depositional Life Tables ......................... 169
5.6.1 Standard Life-Table Analysis................... 170
5.6.2 Nonstationary Populations: Udevitz and Ballachey
(1998)............................... 172
5.7 /¿-Series Data with Abbreviated or Pooled Age Classes ......... 177
5.7.1 Hayne and Eberhardt (1952) ................... 177
Contents vii
5.7.2 Modified Hayne and Eberhardt (1952) for Unequal
Juvenile Survival ......................... 179
5.7.3 Modified Hayne and Eberhardt (1952) Pooling Older Age
Classes............................... 181
5.7.4 Modified Hayne and Eberthardt (1952) with Pooled Age
Classes and Unique Juvenile Survival .............. 183
5.7.5 Heincke (1913) and Burgoyne (1981) .............. 185
5.8 CrSeries Data with Abbreviated or Pooled Age Classes......... 187
5.8.1 ^-Series with the First Three Age Classes............ 187
5.8.2 Older Age Classes Pooled..................... 190
5.9 Catch-Curve Analyses........................... 193
5.9.1 Estimating Survival Using All Age Classes (Chapman and
Robson 1960)........................... 193
5.9.2 Survival Estimation with Older Age Classes Pooled
(Robson and Chapman 1961)................... 197
5.9.3 Estimator for Left- and Right-Truncated Data: Chapman and
Robson (1960) and Robson and Chapman (1961)........ 199
5.10 Regression Techniques .......................... 205
5.10.1 Regression on Age-Structure Data ................ 205
5.10.2 Regression on Abundance Estimates............... 210
5.11 Estimating Juvenile Survival ....................... 211
5.11.1 Two-Sample Change-in-Ratio Methods of Hanson (1963) and
Paulik and Robson (1969) .................... 212
5.11.2 Three-Sample Change-in-Ratio Methods of Selleck and
Hart (1957) and White et al. (1996) ............... 216
5.11.3 Life-History Methods of Keith and Windberg (1978) ...... 221
5.12 Discussion................................. 225
6 Estimating Harvest and Harvest Mortality ................. 229
6.1 Introduction................................ 229
6.2 Analysis of Harvest Records ....................... 230
6.2.1 Locker and Field Checks ..................... 231
6.2.2 Random Sample of Hunter Responses.............. 233
6.2.3 Resampling for Nonresponse................... 238
6.3 Estimating Harvest by Area........................ 244
6.3.1 Common Reporting and Success Probabilities
(White 1993) ........................... 245
6.3.2 Unique Reporting and Success Probabilities........... 250
6.4 Direct Estimation of Harvest Mortality.................. 255
6.5 Estimating Harvest Mortality from Sex Ratios.............. 256
6.6 Change-in-Ratio Methods......................... 259
6.6.1 Two-Sample Change-in-Ratio Methods (Paulik and
Robson 1969)........................... 259
6.6.2 Three-Sample Change-in-Ratio Method (Selleck and
Hart 1957)............................. 263
6.7 Index-Removal Method: Petrides (1949) and Eberhardt (1982)..... 269
6.8 Catch-Effort Methods........................... 273
6.8.1 Successive Sex Ratios: Paloheimo and Fraser (1981) ...... 273
viii Contents
6.8.2 Age-at-Harvest Data: Paloheimo and Fraser (1981), Harris
and Metzgar (1987)........................ 278
6.9 Proportion of Mortality Owing to Harvest (Gulland 1955) ....... 283
6.10 Summary ................................. 286
7 Estimating the Rate of Population Change ................. 289
7.1 Introduction................................ 289
7.2 Basic Concepts and Definitions...................... 291
7.3 Two-Sample Methods for Estimating r and A .............. 294
7.4 Exponential-Growth Models ....................... 297
7.4.1 Nonlinear Regression for Estimating r or A ........... 297
7.4.2 Log-Linear Regression for Estimating r ............. 301
7.4.3 Ratio Estimators for A ...................... 303
7.4.4 Time-Series Analysis of A .................... 306
7.5 Logistic-Growth Models ......................... 314
7.6 Growth Models with Removals...................... 322
7.6.1 Exponential-Growth Models ................... 322
7.6.2 Accounting for Missing Abundance Values ........... 325
7.6.3 Logistic-Growth Models ..................... 326
7.7 Productivity-Based Estimator of A (Kelker 1947) ............ 328
7.8 Estimating A Using the Lotka Equation (Cole 1954) .......... 330
7.8.1 General Expression........................ 330
7.8.2 Evaluation of Average Fecundity (Henny et al. 1970)...... 335
7.8.3 Special Case: Two Age Classes (Henny et al. 1970,
Cowardin and Johnson 1979)................... 338
7.8.4 Special Case: Two Age Classes with Harvest .......... 340
7.8.5 Special Case: Three Age Classes................. 340
7.8.6 Special Case: Four Age Classes ................. 343
7.8.7 General Case ........................... 344
7.9 Estimating A from a Leslie Matrix (Bernardelli 1941, Leslie 1945,
1948) ................................... 345
7.10 Summary ................................. 355
8 Analysis of Population Indices ........................ 359
8.1 Introduction................................. 359
8.1.1 Relationship between Indices and Abundance.......... 361
8.1.2 Basic Sampling Methods..................... 362
8.2 Description of Common Indices ..................... 374
8.2.1 Pellet Counts ........................... 375
8.2.2 Frequency Index.......................... 378
8.2.3 Auditory Counts.......................... 381
8.2.4 Visual Counts........................... 385
8.2.5 Catch-per-Unit Effort....................... 389
8.2.6 Trap-Line Counts......................... 393
8.2.7 Mark-Recapture Estimates as Indices .............. 394
8.3 Design of Index Studies.......................... 395
8.3.1 Latin-Square Designs....................... 396
8.3.2 Randomized Block Designs.................... 400
Contents ix
8.4 Calibration of Indices........................... 403
8.4.1 Index-Removal Method: Petrides (1949) and Eberhardt
(1982)............................... 403
8.4.2 Intercalibrating Two Indices.................... 406
8.4.3 Ratio Estimators.......................... 407
8.4.4 Regression Estimators....................... 409
8.4.5 Double Sampling for Ratios ................... 413
8.4.6 Double Sampling for Regression................. 417
8.5 Analysis of Index Studies......................... 422
8.5.1 Example: Forest Birds, New South Wales, Australia....... 423
8.5.2 Example: Deer Trail Counts, Wisconsin ............. 426
8.5.3 Example: Dall Sheep (Ovis dalli) Aerial Counts, Arctic
National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska................. 428
8.5.4 Example: White-Tailed Deer Pellet Counts, George Reserve,
Michigan ............................. 430
8.6 Summary ................................. 432
9 Estimating Population Abundance...................... 435
9.1 Introduction................................ 436
9.2 Visual Surveys .............................. 436
9.2.1 Strip Transects........................... 437
9.2.2 Bounded Counts: Robson and Whitlock (1964), Regier and
Robson (1967)........................... 440
9.2.3 Binomial Method-of-Moments (Overton 1969) ......... 441
9.2.4 Sightability Models........................ 444
9.2.5 Sight-Resight Method....................... 451
9.3 Line Transects............................... 455
9.3.1 Fixed-Distance Methods ..................... 456
9.3.2 Right-Angle Distance Methods.................. 461
9.4 Index-Removal Method (Petrides 1949, Eberhardt 1982) ........ 465
9.5 Change-in-Ratio Methods......................... 466
9.5.1 Two-Class Model ......................... 467
9.5.2 Three or More Classes ...................... 471
9.5.3 Sequential Change-in-Ratio.................... 473
9.6 Catch-Effort Methods........................... 475
9.6.1 Maximum Likelihood Model................... 476
9.6.2 Leslie and Davis (1939) Method................. 479
9.6.3 DeLury (1947, 1951) Method .................. 482
9.6.4 Constant Effort Removal Technique (Zippin 1956, 1958) .... 486
9.7 Life-History Models ........................... 496
9.7.1 Sex-Age-Kill Model........................ 497
9.7.2 SAK-MLE Model......................... 502
9.7.3 Duck Nest Survey Model..................... 507
9.8 Age-Structured Population Reconstruction Methods........... 509
9.8.1 Virtual Population Analysis (Fry 1949, 1957) .......... 511
9.8.2 Virtual Population Analysis (Gulland 1965) ........... 516
9.8.3 Cohort Analysis (Pope 1972)................... 522
x Contents
9.8.4 Discrete-Time Virtual Population Analysis (Fryxell et al.
1988) ............................... 526
9.8.5 Statistical Age-at-Harvest Analysis (Gove et al. 2002)...... 528
9.9 Summary ................................. 537
10 Integration of Analytical Techniques..................... 541
10.1 Introduction and Purpose......................... 541
10.2 Management for Desired Sex Ratios of Elk ............... 542
10.3 Combining Field Results with Leslie Matrix Projections ........ 547
10.4 Comparing and Combining Time- and Cohort-Specific Survival
Data ................................... 551
10.5 A Bighorn Sheep Life-History-Based Abundance Estimator ...... 555
10.6 Partitioning Harvest and Natural Mortality................ 560
10.7 Ring-Necked Pheasant Multisurvey Study................ 562
Appendix A: Statistical Concepts and Theory ............... 565
Appendix B: Glossary of Symbols...................... 575
Appendix C: Program USER......................... 579
Appendix D: Mathematica Code for Calculating the Variance of the
Finite Rate of Population Change, Var(i), from a
Matrix Population Model................... 591
References ................................... 599
Index ...................................... 629
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Foreword . xi
Preface . xv
1 Introduction . 1
1.1 Historical Perspectives and Current Needs. 1
1.2 Scope of Book . 3
2 Primer on Wildlife Population Dynamics . 11
2.1 Introduction. 11
2.2 Continuous Time Models. 12
2.3 Discrete Time Models. 14
2.4 Logistic Population Growth. 15
2.5 Age Structure Models. 26
2.6 Stage Structure Models. 35
2.7 Harvest Management Theory. 37
2.7.1 Annual Surplus Model . 39
2.7.2 Sustained Yield Model . 43
2.8 Summary . 47
3 Estimating Population Sex Ratios . 49
3.1 Introduction. 49
3.1.1 Statistical Notation . 50
3.1.2 Alternative Definitions of Sex Ratio . 51
3.1.3 Direct Versus Indirect Methods of Estimating Sex Ratios . 52
3.2 Direct Sampling Techniques . 52
3.2.1 Single Sample Survey without Replacement. 52
3.2.2 Single Sample Survey with Replacement . 55
3.2.3 Multiple Samples with Replacement. 59
3.2.4 Stratified Random Sampling . 62
3.2.5 Unequal Detection Probabilities among Sexes. 65
3.2.6 Cluster Sampling Methods . 66
3.3 Indirect Methods of Estimating Sex Ratios . 69
3.3.1 Sampling without Replacement. 70
3.3.2 Sampling with Replacement. 74
3.3.3 Juvenile Sex Ratio * 1 . 75
v¡ Contents
3.4 Sex Ratio Projections Based on Survival and Harvest Rates . 76
3.4.1 Constant Annual Survival for All Age Classes. 77
3.4.2 Unique Juvenile Survival Probabilities. 83
3.4.3 Unique Juvenile, Subadult, and Adult Survival
Probabilities. 84
3.4.4 Juvenile Sex Ratio * 1 : 1. 84
3.5 Summary . 85
4 Estimating Productivity. 89
4.1 Introduction. 89
4.1.1 Standard Notation. 92
4.1.2 Alternative Definitions of Productivity Measures . 92
4.1.3 Direct Versus Indirect Methods of Estimating Productivity . 93
4.2 Direct Sampling Techniques. 94
4.2.1 Single Survey. 94
4.2.2 Repeated Surveys. 95
4.2.3 Productivity Adjusted for Breeding Success. 97
4.2.4 Productivity Adjustment for Renesting. 98
4.2.5 Estimating Nesting Success: Mayfield (1975) Method. 102
4.3 Estimating Productivity from Sex and Age Ratios. 105
4.3.1 Stokes (1954)-Hanson (1963) Method. 105
4.3.2 Generalized Stokes (1954)-Hanson (1963) Method . 109
4.3.3 Dale (1952 -Stokes (1954) Method . 114
4.3.4 Generalized Dale (1952)-Stokes (1954) Method. 121
4.4 Summary . 125
5 Estimating Survival . 129
5.1 Introduction. 130
5.2 Basic Concepts and Notation. 130
5.2.1 Basic Concepts . 130
5.2.2 Notation. 133
5.3 Survival Curve Analysis . 133
5.3.1 Kaplan-Meier (1958) or Product-Limit Estimator. 133
5.3.2 Nelson (1972)-Aalen (1978) Estimator . 136
5.3.3 Nonparametric Test for Comparing Survival Curves. 139
5.3.4 Parametric Survival Curve Analysis .: . . 141
5.4 Horizontal Life Tables . 150
5.4.1 Standard Life-Table Analysis. 151
5.4.2 Constant Survival Across Age Classes. 155
5.5 Vertical Life Tables. 159
5.5.1 Standard Life-Table Analysis. 160
5.5.2 Estimating Survival with Truncated Age Classes . 168
5.5.3 Vertical Life Table with Constrained Survival. 168
5.6 Depositional Life Tables . 169
5.6.1 Standard Life-Table Analysis. 170
5.6.2 Nonstationary Populations: Udevitz and Ballachey
(1998). 172
5.7 /¿-Series Data with Abbreviated or Pooled Age Classes . 177
5.7.1 Hayne and Eberhardt (1952) . 177
Contents vii
5.7.2 Modified Hayne and Eberhardt (1952) for Unequal
Juvenile Survival . 179
5.7.3 Modified Hayne and Eberhardt (1952) Pooling Older Age
Classes. 181
5.7.4 Modified Hayne and Eberthardt (1952) with Pooled Age
Classes and Unique Juvenile Survival . 183
5.7.5 Heincke (1913) and Burgoyne (1981) . 185
5.8 CrSeries Data with Abbreviated or Pooled Age Classes. 187
5.8.1 ^-Series with the First Three Age Classes. 187
5.8.2 Older Age Classes Pooled. 190
5.9 Catch-Curve Analyses. 193
5.9.1 Estimating Survival Using All Age Classes (Chapman and
Robson 1960). 193
5.9.2 Survival Estimation with Older Age Classes Pooled
(Robson and Chapman 1961). 197
5.9.3 Estimator for Left- and Right-Truncated Data: Chapman and
Robson (1960) and Robson and Chapman (1961). 199
5.10 Regression Techniques . 205
5.10.1 Regression on Age-Structure Data . 205
5.10.2 Regression on Abundance Estimates. 210
5.11 Estimating Juvenile Survival . 211
5.11.1 Two-Sample Change-in-Ratio Methods of Hanson (1963) and
Paulik and Robson (1969) . 212
5.11.2 Three-Sample Change-in-Ratio Methods of Selleck and
Hart (1957) and White et al. (1996) . 216
5.11.3 Life-History Methods of Keith and Windberg (1978) . 221
5.12 Discussion. 225
6 Estimating Harvest and Harvest Mortality . 229
6.1 Introduction. 229
6.2 Analysis of Harvest Records . 230
6.2.1 Locker and Field Checks . 231
6.2.2 Random Sample of Hunter Responses. 233
6.2.3 Resampling for Nonresponse. 238
6.3 Estimating Harvest by Area. 244
6.3.1 Common Reporting and Success Probabilities
(White 1993) . 245
6.3.2 Unique Reporting and Success Probabilities. 250
6.4 Direct Estimation of Harvest Mortality. 255
6.5 Estimating Harvest Mortality from Sex Ratios. 256
6.6 Change-in-Ratio Methods. 259
6.6.1 Two-Sample Change-in-Ratio Methods (Paulik and
Robson 1969). 259
6.6.2 Three-Sample Change-in-Ratio Method (Selleck and
Hart 1957). 263
6.7 Index-Removal Method: Petrides (1949) and Eberhardt (1982). 269
6.8 Catch-Effort Methods. 273
6.8.1 Successive Sex Ratios: Paloheimo and Fraser (1981) . 273
viii Contents
6.8.2 Age-at-Harvest Data: Paloheimo and Fraser (1981), Harris
and Metzgar (1987). 278
6.9 Proportion of Mortality Owing to Harvest (Gulland 1955) . 283
6.10 Summary . 286
7 Estimating the Rate of Population Change . 289
7.1 Introduction. 289
7.2 Basic Concepts and Definitions. 291
7.3 Two-Sample Methods for Estimating r and A . 294
7.4 Exponential-Growth Models . 297
7.4.1 Nonlinear Regression for Estimating r or A . 297
7.4.2 Log-Linear Regression for Estimating r . 301
7.4.3 Ratio Estimators for A . 303
7.4.4 Time-Series Analysis of A . 306
7.5 Logistic-Growth Models . 314
7.6 Growth Models with Removals. 322
7.6.1 Exponential-Growth Models . 322
7.6.2 Accounting for Missing Abundance Values . 325
7.6.3 Logistic-Growth Models . 326
7.7 Productivity-Based Estimator of A (Kelker 1947) . 328
7.8 Estimating A Using the Lotka Equation (Cole 1954) . 330
7.8.1 General Expression. 330
7.8.2 Evaluation of Average Fecundity (Henny et al. 1970). 335
7.8.3 Special Case: Two Age Classes (Henny et al. 1970,
Cowardin and Johnson 1979). 338
7.8.4 Special Case: Two Age Classes with Harvest . 340
7.8.5 Special Case: Three Age Classes. 340
7.8.6 Special Case: Four Age Classes . 343
7.8.7 General Case . 344
7.9 Estimating A from a Leslie Matrix (Bernardelli 1941, Leslie 1945,
1948) . 345
7.10 Summary . 355
8 Analysis of Population Indices . 359
8.1 Introduction. 359
8.1.1 Relationship between Indices and Abundance. 361
8.1.2 Basic Sampling Methods. 362
8.2 Description of Common Indices . 374
8.2.1 Pellet Counts . 375
8.2.2 Frequency Index. 378
8.2.3 Auditory Counts. 381
8.2.4 Visual Counts. 385
8.2.5 Catch-per-Unit Effort. 389
8.2.6 Trap-Line Counts. 393
8.2.7 Mark-Recapture Estimates as Indices . 394
8.3 Design of Index Studies. 395
8.3.1 Latin-Square Designs. 396
8.3.2 Randomized Block Designs. 400
Contents ix
8.4 Calibration of Indices. 403
8.4.1 Index-Removal Method: Petrides (1949) and Eberhardt
(1982). 403
8.4.2 Intercalibrating Two Indices. 406
8.4.3 Ratio Estimators. 407
8.4.4 Regression Estimators. 409
8.4.5 Double Sampling for Ratios . 413
8.4.6 Double Sampling for Regression. 417
8.5 Analysis of Index Studies. 422
8.5.1 Example: Forest Birds, New South Wales, Australia. 423
8.5.2 Example: Deer Trail Counts, Wisconsin . 426
8.5.3 Example: Dall Sheep (Ovis dalli) Aerial Counts, Arctic
National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. 428
8.5.4 Example: White-Tailed Deer Pellet Counts, George Reserve,
Michigan . 430
8.6 Summary . 432
9 Estimating Population Abundance. 435
9.1 Introduction. 436
9.2 Visual Surveys . 436
9.2.1 Strip Transects. 437
9.2.2 Bounded Counts: Robson and Whitlock (1964), Regier and
Robson (1967). 440
9.2.3 Binomial Method-of-Moments (Overton 1969) . 441
9.2.4 Sightability Models. 444
9.2.5 Sight-Resight Method. 451
9.3 Line Transects. 455
9.3.1 Fixed-Distance Methods . 456
9.3.2 Right-Angle Distance Methods. 461
9.4 Index-Removal Method (Petrides 1949, Eberhardt 1982) . 465
9.5 Change-in-Ratio Methods. 466
9.5.1 Two-Class Model . 467
9.5.2 Three or More Classes . 471
9.5.3 Sequential Change-in-Ratio. 473
9.6 Catch-Effort Methods. 475
9.6.1 Maximum Likelihood Model. 476
9.6.2 Leslie and Davis (1939) Method. 479
9.6.3 DeLury (1947, 1951) Method . 482
9.6.4 Constant Effort Removal Technique (Zippin 1956, 1958) . 486
9.7 Life-History Models . 496
9.7.1 Sex-Age-Kill Model. 497
9.7.2 SAK-MLE Model. 502
9.7.3 Duck Nest Survey Model. 507
9.8 Age-Structured Population Reconstruction Methods. 509
9.8.1 Virtual Population Analysis (Fry 1949, 1957) . 511
9.8.2 Virtual Population Analysis (Gulland 1965) . 516
9.8.3 Cohort Analysis (Pope 1972). 522
x Contents
9.8.4 Discrete-Time Virtual Population Analysis (Fryxell et al.
1988) . 526
9.8.5 Statistical Age-at-Harvest Analysis (Gove et al. 2002). 528
9.9 Summary . 537
10 Integration of Analytical Techniques. 541
10.1 Introduction and Purpose. 541
10.2 Management for Desired Sex Ratios of Elk . 542
10.3 Combining Field Results with Leslie Matrix Projections . 547
10.4 Comparing and Combining Time- and Cohort-Specific Survival
Data . 551
10.5 A Bighorn Sheep Life-History-Based Abundance Estimator . 555
10.6 Partitioning Harvest and Natural Mortality. 560
10.7 Ring-Necked Pheasant Multisurvey Study. 562
Appendix A: Statistical Concepts and Theory . 565
Appendix B: Glossary of Symbols. 575
Appendix C: Program USER. 579
Appendix D: Mathematica Code for Calculating the Variance of the
Finite Rate of Population Change, Var(i), from a
Matrix Population Model. 591
References . 599
Index . 629 |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T13:43:12Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:34:14Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0120887738 9780120887736 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Skalski, John R. Verfasser aut Wildlife demography analysis of sex, age, and count data John R. Skalski and Kristin E. Ryding ; Joshua J. Millspaugh Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 2005 XVII, 636 S. graph. Darst., Tab. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Populationsbiologie (DE-588)4046800-8 gnd rswk-swf Wildtiere (DE-588)4135893-4 gnd rswk-swf Wildtiere (DE-588)4135893-4 s Populationsbiologie (DE-588)4046800-8 s b DE-604 Ryding, Kristin E. Verfasser aut Millspaugh, Joshua J. Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014587194&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Skalski, John R. Ryding, Kristin E. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Wildlife demography analysis of sex, age, and count data Populationsbiologie (DE-588)4046800-8 gnd Wildtiere (DE-588)4135893-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046800-8 (DE-588)4135893-4 |
| title | Wildlife demography analysis of sex, age, and count data |
| title_auth | Wildlife demography analysis of sex, age, and count data |
| title_exact_search | Wildlife demography analysis of sex, age, and count data |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Wildlife demography analysis of sex, age, and count data |
| title_full | Wildlife demography analysis of sex, age, and count data John R. Skalski and Kristin E. Ryding ; Joshua J. Millspaugh |
| title_fullStr | Wildlife demography analysis of sex, age, and count data John R. Skalski and Kristin E. Ryding ; Joshua J. Millspaugh |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wildlife demography analysis of sex, age, and count data John R. Skalski and Kristin E. Ryding ; Joshua J. Millspaugh |
| title_short | Wildlife demography |
| title_sort | wildlife demography analysis of sex age and count data |
| title_sub | analysis of sex, age, and count data |
| topic | Populationsbiologie (DE-588)4046800-8 gnd Wildtiere (DE-588)4135893-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Populationsbiologie Wildtiere |
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