Adhesion: current research and applications
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2005
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| Beschreibung: | XXXII, 575 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783527312634 3527312633 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Adhesion |b current research and applications |c ed. by Wulff Possart |
| 264 | 1 | |a Weinheim |b Wiley-VCH |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a XXXII, 575 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 500 | |a Literaturangaben | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Adhésion (Physique) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Adhesion | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804134560816955392 |
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface V
List of Contributors XXIII
1 The Interfacial Chemistry of Adhesion:
Novel Routes to the Holy Grail? 1
J. F. Watts
Abstract 1
1.1 Introduction I
1.2 Development of a Model Interphase 3
1.3 The Buried Interface 8
1.4 Conclusion 15
Acknowledgments 15
References 15
2 Modeling Fundamental Aspects of the Surface Chemistry
of Oxides and their Interactions with Coupling Agents 17
P. Schiffels, M. Amkreutz, A. T. Blumenau, T. Kruger, B. Schneider,
T. Frauenhetm, and O.-D. Hennemann
Abstract 17
2.1 Introduction: Atomistic Simulations in Adhesion 17
2.2 Prediction of Surface Properties: Ideal Reconstructions
on a-Si02 (0001) 19
2.3 Organic Components of the Adhesive and Substrate-Adhesive
1 nteraction 23
2.4 Conclusion and Outlook 29
References 30
3 Adhesion at the Nanoscale: an Approach by AFM 33
M. Brogly, O. Noel, C. Caste/ein, and J. Schultz
Abstract 33
3.1 introduction 34
3.2 Materials and Methods 34
Adhesion ֊ Current Research and Application. Wulf! Possart
Copyright © 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim
ISBN: 3-527-31263-3
VIII I lomeruo
3.2.1 Preparation of Oxidized Silica Surface 35
3.2.2 Grafting of Functionalized SAMs onto Silicon Wafer 35
3.2.3 Crosslinking and Functionalization of PDMS Networks 35
3.2.4 Characterization of the SAMs 36
3.3 Results and Discussion 37
3.3.1 Force-Distance Curve Measurements and AFM Calibration 37
3.3.1.1 Force-Distance Curve Features 37
3.3.1.2 The DD Curve (Contact Mode) 37
3.3.1.3 AFM Calibration 38
3.3.1.3.1 Determination of the Spring Constant of the Cantilever 38
3.3.1.3.2 Nonlinearity of the Quadrant of Photodiodes 38
3.3.1.3.3 Scan Rate of the Cantilever 38
3.3.1.3.4 Systematic Check 39
3.3.2 Force-Distance Curves on Rigid Systems of Controlled Surface
Chemistry 39
3.3.3 Force-Distance Measurements on Polymers 40
3.3.3.1 Force-Indentation Measurements on Polymers 40
3.3.3.2 Force-Indentation Curves on Systems of Controlled Surface
Chemistry and Controlled Mechanical Properties 42
3.4 Conclusion 45
References 45
4 Organization of PCL-h-PMMA Diblock Thin Films:
Relationship to the Adsorption Substrate Chemistry 47
T, Elzein, M. Brogly, andJ. Schultz
Abstract 47
4.1 Introduction 47
4.2 Materials and Methods 48
4.2.1 PCL-i-PMMA Diblocks 48
4.2.2 Infrared Spectroscopy 49
4.2.2.1 Transmission 49
4.2.2.2 Polarization-Modulation Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy
(PM-iRRAS) 49
4.2.3 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) SO
4.3 Results and Discussion 50
4.3.1 PCL-b-PMMA Bulk Characterization 50
4.3.2 PCL-b-PMMA Thin Films on OH-Functionalized Gold Substrates 51
4.3.3 PCL-b-PMMA Thin Films on Gold Substrates 55
4.4 Conclusion 56
References 57
5 Adhesion and Friction Properties of Elastomers at Macroscopic
and Nanoscopic Scales 59
S. Bistac and A. Galliano
Abstract 59
5.1 Introduction 59
5.2 Materials and Methods 60
5.3 Results and Discussion 62
5.3.1 Adherence Energy 62
5.3.2 Macroscale Friction 64
5.3.3 Nanoscale Friction and Adhesion 65
5.4 Conclusion 68
References 69
6 Chemical Structure Formation and Morphology
in Ultrathin Polyurethane Films on Metals 71
C. Wehlack and W. Possart
Abstract 71
6.1 Introduction 71
6.2 Materials and Methods 72
6.2.1 Sample Preparation 72
6.2.2 Experimental Characterization 74
6.2.3 IR Spectra Calculation 74
6.2.4 IR Band Assignment 75
6.3 Results and Discussion 76
6.3.1 Curing at Room Temperature 76
6.3.2 Morphology of Thin Films 79
6.3.3 Chemical Structure of Cured Films 80
6.4 Conclusion 85
Acknowledgments 86
References 87
7 Properties of the Interphase Epoxy-Amine/Metal:
Influences from the Nature of the Amine and the Metal 89
M. Aufray and A. A. Roche
Abstract 89
7.1 Introduction 89
7.2 Materials and Methods 90
7.2.1 Materials 90
7.2.2 Thermal Analysis (DSC) 91
7.2.3 Micro-Infrared Spectroscopy (p-FTIR) 91
7.2.4 Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-NIR) 92
7.2.5 Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy (ICP) 92
7.2.6 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 92
7.2.7 Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM) Coupled with a Hot Stage
Apparatus 92
em*
Results and Discussion 93
1 Interphase Formation Mechanisms 93
2 Formation of New Networks 94
3 Crystallization of “Modified” IPDA 94
4 Modification of Mechanical Properties 95
5 Comparison of Coatings and Metal-Bulk Interphases 97
6 Influence of the Stoichiometric Ratio 100
Conclusion 101
Acknowledgments 102
References 102
Mapping Epoxy Interphases 103
M. Munz, J. Chung, and C. Kalinka
Abstract 103
Introduction 104
Stiffness Mapping by Indentation Techniques 106
.1 SFM-Based Stiffness Mapping in Force Modulation Microscopy
(FMM) Mode 106
:.2 Depth-Sensing Micro-indentation (DSI) 108
« Some Fundamental Aspects of Interphase Mapping by Indentation
Techniques 110
.l Artifacts Induced by Topography 110
Î.2 Artifacts Induced by the Extent of the Stress Field Beneath
the lndenter 114
I Two Cases of Mapped Epoxy Interphases 116
1.1 The Cu/Epoxy Interphase 116
1.2 The PVP/Epoxy Interphase 118
5 Conclusion 121
Acknowledgments 122
References 122
Mechanical Interphases in Epoxies as seen by Nondestructive
High-Performance Brillouin Microscopy 125
J. K. Krüger, U. Miiller, R. Bactavatchalou, D. Liebschner, M. Sander,
W. Possart, C. Wehlack, J. Bailer, and D. Rouxel
Abstract 125
1 Introduction 225
2 Brillouin Spectroscopy on Thermal Phonons and Other Elementary
Excitations 126
2.1 An Introduction to the Physics of Classical Brillouin
Spectroscopy 126
2.2 The Kinematic View of Brillouin Spectroscopy 129
2.3 Scattering Geometries and Other Pitfalls 129
2.4 Brillouin Microscopy 132
3 Mechanical Interphases at Polymer-Substrate Interfaces 134
9.3.1 The Polymer Model System 134
9.3.2 Epoxy/Silicone Rubber Interphase 134
9.3.3 Epoxy/Metal Interphases 136
9.3.3.1 Technical Bulk Metals: Cu, A1 137
9.3.3.2 Thin Evaporated Metal Substrates: Al, Cu, Au, Mg 138
9.3.3.3 Discussion 141
9.4 Conclusion 142
Acknowledgments 142
References 142
10 Structure Formation in Barnacle Adhesive 143
M. Wiegemann
Abstract 143
10.1 Introduction 143
10.2 Barnacles 144
10.2.1 General Aspects of Barnacle Settlement 144
10.2.2 Biochemical Characterization of Barnacle Cement 145
10.2.3 Substrate-Specific Formation of Barnacle Adhesive 146
10.2.4 Substrate-Specific Morphology of Barnacle Base 147
10.2.5 Phenomenological Approach to Adhesive Structure Formation
and Morphology Changes 148
10.3 Homologous (?) Structure Formation of Biological Adhérâtes
on Hydrophobic Surfaces 150
10.4 Theoretical Colloid Approach to Structure Formation in Barnacle
Adhesive 152
10.5 Conclusions 154
Acknowledgments 154
References 154
11 Adhesion Molecule-Modified Cardiovascular Prostheses:
Characterization of Cellular Adhesion in a Cell Culture Model
and by Cellular Force Spectroscopy 157
U. Bakowsky, C. Ehrhardt, C. Loehbach, P. U, C. Kneuer, D.Jahn,
D. Hoekstra, and C.-M. Lehr
Abstract 157
11.1 Introduction 158
11.2 Materials and Methods 160
11.2.1 Chemicals for the Modification 160
11.2.2 Implant Materials 160
11.2.3 Modification of the PTFE Surface 160
11.2.4 Scanning Force Microscopy 162
11.2.5 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 163
11.2.6 Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy 163
11.2.7 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) 163
11.2.8 Isolation and Culture of HUVECs 164
11.2.9 Endothelialization of PTFE Films 164
11.3 Results and Discussion 165
11.3.1 Wet-Chemical Modification of PTFE Polymer Film 165
11.3.2 Cell Adhesion Experiments 166
11.3.2.1 Adhesion and Cultivation in Static Culture 166
11.3.2.2 Perfusion Experiments 366
11.3.3 Cell Adhesion Force Measurements 167
11.4 Conclusion 169
Acknowledgmen ts 170
References 171
12 Surface Engineering by Coating of Hydrophilic Layers:
Bioadhesion and Biocontamination 175
C. Legeay and F. Poncin-Epaillard
Abstract 175
12.1 Introduction 175
12.1.1 The Need for Bioadhesion of Biomaterials 175
12.1.2 Mechanism of Bioadhesion 376
12.2 Surface Engineering 177
12.2.1 Surface Preparation 177
12.2.2 Surface Sterilization ¡78
12.3 Results and Discussion 178
12.3.1 Hydrophobic Cold Plasma Treated Surfaces in Ophthalmology 178
12.3.2 Hydrophilic Cold Plasma Treated Surfaces Based
on Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or Natural Derivative Coatings 179
12.3.2.1 Grafting of Monomer onto Plasma-Pretreated Surfaces 180
12.3.2.2 Coating with Commercial Native or Synthetic Polymers 181
12.3.3 Examples 183
12.3.3.1 With Different Biomolecules, i.e., Proteins 184
12.3.3.2 Implantation (ex in vivo) 184
12.3.3.3 In vivo Implantation 385
12.4 Conclusion 186
References 387
13 New Resins and Nanosystems for High-Performance Adhesives 389
R. Mülhaupt
Abstract 189
13.1 Introduction 190
13.2 Tailor-Made Polymers and Properties on Demand 190
13.2.1 Controlled Polymerization and Catalysis 391
13.2.2 Functional Polymers from the Life Sciences 192
13.2.3 Reactive Extrusion and Isocyanate-Free Polyurethane Chemistry 193
13.3 Nanosystems 194
13.3.1 The Nano Challenge 194
13.3.2 Nanophase Separation 196
13.3.3 Nanomolecules as Molecular Nanoparticles 198
13.3.4 POSS and Nanocomposites 200
13.4 Conclusion 201
Acknowledgments 202
References 202
74 Influence of Proton Donors on the Cationic Polymerization
of Epoxides 205
A. Hartwig K. Koschek, and A. Luhring
Abstract 205
14.1 Introduction 206
14.2 Initiators for the Cationic Polymerization of Epoxides 207
14.3 Influence of Moisture on the Polymerization Kinetics 209
14.4 Modification of the Polymerization Behavior by the Addition
of Alcohols 212
14.5 Conclusion 215
Acknowledgments 215
References 215
75 Novel Adhesion Promoters Based on Hyperbranched Polymers 217
A. Buchman, H. Dodiuk-Kenig 7. Brand, Z. Cold, and S. Kenig
Abstract 237
15.1 Introduction 218
15.2 Experimental 219
15.2.1 Bulk Hyperbranch Incorporation 219
15.2.2 HB Polymers as Adhesion Promoters 220
15.3 Results and Discussion 221
15.4 Conclusion 227
References 228
16 Rheology of Hot-Melt PSAs: Influence of Polymer Structure 229
C. Derail and C. Marin
Abstract 229
16.1 Introduction 229
16.2 Main Features of the Viscoelastic Behavior of the Pure Components,
Blends, and Full Adhesive Formulations 233
16.2.1 Rheological Experiments 231
16.2.2 Rheological Behavior of the Pure Components: [SI], [SIS],
and Pure Blends 231
16.2.3 Rheological Behavior of the Full Adhesive Formulations 233
16.3 A Model of the Rheological Behavior 236
16.3.1 A Model for the Pure Copolymers 236
16.3.2 A Model for the Blends [SIS-SI] 239
16.3.3 A Model for the Full Adhesive Formulations [SIS-SI-Resin] 239
16.4 Discussion 240
I
16.4.1 Molecular Design 240
16.4.2 On the Variation of the Secondary Elastic Plateau Modulus 241
16.5 Conclusions 245
Acknowledgments 247
References 247
17 Preparation and Characterization
of UV-Crossiinkable Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives 249
H.-S. Do, S.-E. Kim, and H. -J. Kim
Abstract 249
17.1 Introduction 249
17.2 Materials and Methods 252
17.2.1 Preparation of UV-Crosslinkable Acrylic PSA 252
17.2.2 Preparation of PSA Samples and UV Curing 253
17.2.3 FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy 253
17.2.4 DSC Measurement 254
17.2.5 PSA Performance 254
17.3 Results and Discussion 254
17.3.1 FTIR-ATR Measurements 254
17.3.2 PSA Performance 258
17.3.2.1 Probe Tack 258
17.3.2.2 Peel Strength 260
17.3.2.3 Shear Adhesion Failure Temperature (SAFT) 261
17.4 Conclusions 263
References 263
18 Contribution of Chemical Interactions to the Adhesion Between
Evaporated Metals and Functional Croups of Different Types
at Polymer Surfaces 265
J. Friedrich, R. Mix, and C. Kuhn
Abstract 265
18.1 Introduction 266
18.1.1 Interactions Between Metal Atoms and Functional Groups
at Polymer Surfaces 266
18.1.2 Preparation of the Plasma-Modified Polymer Surfaces 267
18.1.3 Interactions Between Evaporated Al and Functional Groups 269
18.1.4 Adhesive Bond Strength and Concentration of Functional
Groups 269
18.2 Materials and Methods 270
18.2.1 Materials 270
18.2.2 Plasma Pretreatment of Polymers 271
18.2.3 Deposition of Adhesion-Promoting Plasma Polymer Layers 271
18.2.4 Surface Analysis 271
18.2.5 Labeling of Functional Groups 272
18.2.6 Contact Angle Measurements 272
18.2.7
18.2.8
18.3
18.3.1
18.3.2
18.3.3
18.3.4
18.3.5
18.3.6
18.3.7
18.3.7.1
18.3.7.2
18.4
18.4.1
18.4.2
18.5
19
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.3.1
19.3.2
19.3.3
19.3.3.1
19.3.3.2
19.3.3.3
19.4
20
20.1
20.1.1
Metal Deposition 272
Peel Strength Measurements 273
Results 273
Production of Polymer Surfaces Containing Functional Groups 273
Surface Free Energy Measurements 275
Peel Strength Measurements of Al-Plasma Modified
PP Systems 276
Peel Strength of Al-Plasma-Produced Homopolymer-PP
Systems 277
Peel Strength of Al-Plasma Copolymer-PP Systems 277
Plasma Pretreatment of PTFE Surfaces 279
Peel Strength Measurements of Al-PTFE Systems 281
Hydrogen Plasma Pretreatment of PTFE 281
Hydrogen Plasma Pretreatment of PTFE and Deposition
of Plasma Polymer Layers 281
Discussion 282
Contribution of Chemical Bonds to the Resulting Adhesion
Strength 282
Dependence of Adhesion Strength on Concentration of Functional
Groups at the Polymer S 284
Conclusion 285
References 286
Alkene Pulsed Plasma Functionalized Surfaces:
An Interfacial Diels-Alder Reaction Study 289
F. Siffer, J. Schultz, and V. Roucoules
Abstract 289
Introduction 289
Materials and Methods 290
Results and Discussion 292
Interfacial Chemistry 292
Cycloaddition 294
Kinetics 295
Monolayers 295
Plasma Polymer Thin Films 298
Comparison of Surface Reaction in Monolayers and Plasma Polymer
Thin Films 299
Conclusion 302
References 303
Laser Surface Treatment of Composite Materials
to Enhance Adhesion Properties 305
Q. Bénard, A4. Fois, A4. Crisel, and P. Laurens
Introduction 305
Why Treat a Composite Surface? 305
20.1.2 Available Treatments for Composite Surfaces 305
20.2 Materials and Methods 307
20.2.1 Composite Materials 307
20.2.2 Surface Analyses 307
20.2.3 Single Lap Shear Tests 308
20.3 Results and Discussion 308
20.3.1 Why Excimer Laser Treatment? 308
20.3.2 Excimer Laser Surface Treatment 310
20.3.2.1 Surface Characterization 310
20.3.2.2 Mechanical Tests 312
20.4 Conclusion 317
References 318
21 Effects of the Interphase on the Mechanical Behavior
of Thin Adhesive Films - a Modeling Approach 319
S. Diebels, H. Steeb, and W. Possart
Abstract 329
21.1 Introduction 319
21.2 Theoretical Framework 322
21.3 Applications and Examples 325
21.3.1 Uniaxial Tension Test 326
21.3.2 Simple Shear Test 330
21.4 Conclusion 330
References 333
22 Effect of the Diblock Content on the Adhesive and Deformation
Properties of PSAs Based on Styrenic Block Copolymers 337
C. Cretan, A. Roos, and A. Chiche
22.1 Introduction 337
22.2 Block Copolymer Based Adhesives 339
22.3 Effect of the Diblock Content on Adhesive and Deformation
Properties 348
22.4 Understanding the Structure of the Extended Foam 350
22.5 Interfacial Fracture 356
22.6 Summary 360
Acknowledgments 362
References 361
23 Contact Mechanics and Interfacial Fatigue Studies
Between Thin Semicrystalline and Classy Polymer Films 365
R. L McSwain, A. R. Markowitz, and K. R. Shull
Abstract 365
23.1 Introduction 365
23.2 Materials and Methods 369
23.2.1 Materials and Sample Preparation 369
23.2.2 Pull-Off Test 371
23.2.3 Cyclic Interfacial Fatigue Test 374
23.3 Results 374
23.4 Discussion 381
23.4.1 Wetting Behavior and PEO/TMPC Miscibility 381
23.4.2 PEO/TMPC Interfacial Width and Adhesion 382
23.4.3 PDMS Rupture 384
23.5 Conclusion 385
Acknowledgments 385
References 385
24 Local and Global Aspects of Adhesion Phenomena
in Soft Polymers 387
M.-F. Vallat
Abstract 387
24.1 Introduction 387
24.2 The Molecular Interphase 388
24.2.1 Autohésion of Polyisoprene 389
24.2.2 Autoadhesion of EPDM 393
24.3 Macroscopic Interphases 395
24.3.1 Vulcanized Elastomers 395
24.3.2 Polyurethane Joints 398
24.4 Conclusion 400
References 401
25 Calibration and Evaluation of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Transmission
Measurements of Thin-Bonded Interfaces 403
5. Hirsekorn, A. Koka, S. Kurzenhäuser, and W. Arnold
Abstract 403
25.1 Introduction 403
25.2 Experimental and Calibration Procedure 404
25.3 Calibrated Ultrasonic Transmission Measurements 406
25.4 Ultrasonic Measurement and Destructive Tests 410
25.5 Conclusion 418
Acknowledgm ents 418
References 419
26 Debonding of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives:
A Combined Tack and Ultra-Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Study 421
E. Maurer, S. Loi, and P. Müller-Buschbaum
Abstract 421
26.1 Introduction 421
26.2 In-Situ Small Angle Scattering Using Synchrotron Radiation 423
26.3 Microscopically Inaccessible Substructures 426
26.4 Conclusion 432
Acknowledgments 433
References 433
27 Nondestructive Testing of Adhesive Curing in Glass-Metal
Compounds by Unilateral NMR 435
K. Kremer, B. Blümich, F.-P. Schmitz, andJ. Seitzer
Abstract 435
27.1 Introduction 436
27.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and the NMR-MOUSE 436
27.3 Quality Control 437
27.4 Application 438
27.5 Conclusion and Outlook 442
Acknowledgments 442
References 443
28 Chemical Processes During Aging in Ultra-thin Epoxy Films
on Metals 445
A. Meiser, C. Wehlack, and W. Possart
Abstract 445
28.1 Introduction 445
28.2 Experimental 447
28.2.1 Sample Preparation 447
28.2.2 Aging Conditions 447
28.3 Results and Discussion 448
28.3.1 Crosslinking 448
28.3.2 Additional Aging Effects 451
28.3.3 Band Assignment and Chemical Aging Processes 458
28.4 Conclusion 462
Acknowledgments 463
References 463
29 Depth-Resolved Analysis of the Aging Behavior
of Epoxy Thin Films by Positron Spectroscopy 465
J. Kanzow, F. Faupel, W. Egger, P. Sperr, G. Kôgel, C. Wehlack, A. Meiser,
and W. Possart
Abstract 465
29.1 Introduction 465
29.2 Materials and Methods 466
29.3 Results 467
29.3.1 PALS Investigation of an Unaged Epoxy Film 468
29.3.2 PALS Investigation of Aged Epoxy Films 469
29.3.3 Further Investigations of Aged Epoxy Films 471
29.4 Discussion and Conclusion 474
Acknowledgments 476
References 476
30 Epoxies on Stainless Steel - Curing and Aging 479
D. Fata, C. Bockenheimer, and W. Possart
Abstract 479
30.1 Introduction 480
30.2 Materials and Methods 481
30.2.1 Materials 481
30.2.2 Sample Preparation 482
30.2.3 Aging Experiments 482
30.2.4 Characterization of Aged Specimens 483
30.3 Results and Discussion 484
30.3.1 The RT Curing Epoxy System (EP1) 484
30.3.1.1 Curing of EP1 484
30.3.1.2 Thermal Aging of EP1 after Post-Curing at 40°C 487
30.3.1.3 Hydro-thermal Aging of EP1 492
30.3.2 The Hot-Curing Epoxy System (EP2) 495
30.3.2.1 Curing of EP2 495
30.3.2.2 Thermal Aging of EP2 498
30.3.2.3 Hydro-thermal Aging of EP2 500
30.4 Conclusion 503
Acknowledgment 505
References 505
31 Scanning Kelvin Probe Studies of Ion Transport
and De-adhesion Processes at Polymer/Metal Interfaces 507
K. Wapner and C. Crundmeier
Abstract 507
31.1 Introduction 508
31.2 Theory and Experimental Set-Up of a Scanning Kelvin Probe 509
31.3 Applications of Scanning Kelvin Probe Studies in Adhesion
Science 514
31.3.1 Diffusion of Ions into Metal/Adhesive Interfaces 514
31.3.2 Corrosive Degradation of the Polymer/Metal Interface 516
31.3.2.1 Cathodic Delamination on Adhesive-Coated Iron 516
31.3.2.2 Anodic Delamination (Filiform Corrosion)
on Coated Aluminum 518
31.3.3 Detection of Wet Debonding 520
31.3.4 A New Scanning Kelvin Probe Blister Test 521
Acknowledgment 523
References 523
32 Advanced Mass Transport Applications with Elastic Bonding
of Sandwich Components 525
S. Koch, A. Starlinger, and X. Wang
Abstract 525
32.1 Introduction 525
32.2 Stress Distribution in Different Joints 526
32.2.1 Stress Distribution in Bolted Joints 527
32.2.2 Stress Distribution in a Stiff Adhesive Joint 528
32.2.3 Stress Distribution in an Elastic Adhesive Joint 529
32.3 Applications of Flexible Adhesives in Mass Transportation
Systems 529
32.3.1 GRP Front Cab 530
32.3.2 Application in Tram Design 530
32.4 Methods of Modeling Flexible Adhesives 531
32.4.1 Modeling Methods for Detailed Local Analysis 532
32.4.2 Modeling Methods for Large Global Structural Analysis 533
32.4.3 Comparison of the TR08 Results from FE Analysis
and from Measurement on Lathen Test Track 534
32.5 Joint Design, Production, and Testing 535
32.5.1 Production of Adhesive Joints 536
32.5.2 Joint Testing 536
32.6 Conclusion 537
References 537
33 Adhesive Joints for Modular Components
in Railway Applications 539
C. Nagel, M. Brede, M. Cahmfirescu, J. Sauer, E.A. Ullrich, T. Fertlg,
and O.-D. Hennemann
Abstract 539
33.1 Introduction 539
33.2 Adhesives and Adherends 540
33.3 Surface Pretreatment 541
33.4 Mechanical Behavior of Adhesives and Joints 542
33.4.1 Elastic-Plastic Properties of Structural Adhesive Systems 543
33.4.2 Hyperelastic Properties of Flexible Adhesive Systems 544
33.4.3 Creep Behavior of Adhesive Joints 545
33.4.4 Fatigue Properties of Adhesive Joints 547
33.5 Environmental Influences and Design of Structures 550
33.6 Conclusion 553
Acknowledgment 553
References 554
34 Behavior of Dismantlable Adhesives
Including Thermally Expansive Microcapsules 555
Y. Nishiyama and C Sato
Abstract 555
34.1 Introduction 555
34.2 Materials and Methods 557
34.2.1 Materials 557
34.2.2 Volume Expansion of the Cured Bulk Adhesive 558
34.2.3 Dismantlability of Joints Bonded with the Dismantlable
Adhesive 559
34.2.4 Bond Strength of the Dismantlable Adhesive 559
34.2.5 PVT (Pressure-Volume-Temperature) Tests 560
34.3 Results and Discussion 561
34.3.1 Volume Expansion of the Cured Bulk Adhesive 561
34.3.2 Dismantlability of Joints Bonded with the Dismantlable
Adhesive 562
34.3.3 Bond Strength of the Dismantlable Adhesive 564
34.3.4 PVT Relationship of Microcapsules and Dismantlable Adhesive 565
34.3.5 Discussion 567
34.5 Conclusion 567
References 568
Subject Index 569
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface V
List of Contributors XXIII
1 The Interfacial Chemistry of Adhesion:
Novel Routes to the Holy Grail? 1
J. F. Watts
Abstract 1
1.1 Introduction I
1.2 Development of a Model Interphase 3
1.3 The Buried Interface 8
1.4 Conclusion 15
Acknowledgments 15
References 15
2 Modeling Fundamental Aspects of the Surface Chemistry
of Oxides and their Interactions with Coupling Agents 17
P. Schiffels, M. Amkreutz, A. T. Blumenau, T. Kruger, B. Schneider,
T. Frauenhetm, and O.-D. Hennemann
Abstract 17
2.1 Introduction: Atomistic Simulations in Adhesion 17
2.2 Prediction of Surface Properties: Ideal Reconstructions
on a-Si02 (0001) 19
2.3 Organic Components of the Adhesive and Substrate-Adhesive
1 nteraction 23
2.4 Conclusion and Outlook 29
References 30
3 Adhesion at the Nanoscale: an Approach by AFM 33
M. Brogly, O. Noel, C. Caste/ein, and J. Schultz
Abstract 33
3.1 introduction 34
3.2 Materials and Methods 34
Adhesion ֊ Current Research and Application. Wulf! Possart
Copyright © 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim
ISBN: 3-527-31263-3
VIII I lomeruo
3.2.1 Preparation of Oxidized Silica Surface 35
3.2.2 Grafting of Functionalized SAMs onto Silicon Wafer 35
3.2.3 Crosslinking and Functionalization of PDMS Networks 35
3.2.4 Characterization of the SAMs 36
3.3 Results and Discussion 37
3.3.1 Force-Distance Curve Measurements and AFM Calibration 37
3.3.1.1 Force-Distance Curve Features 37
3.3.1.2 The DD Curve (Contact Mode) 37
3.3.1.3 AFM Calibration 38
3.3.1.3.1 Determination of the Spring Constant of the Cantilever 38
3.3.1.3.2 Nonlinearity of the Quadrant of Photodiodes 38
3.3.1.3.3 Scan Rate of the Cantilever 38
3.3.1.3.4 Systematic Check 39
3.3.2 Force-Distance Curves on Rigid Systems of Controlled Surface
Chemistry 39
3.3.3 Force-Distance Measurements on Polymers 40
3.3.3.1 Force-Indentation Measurements on Polymers 40
3.3.3.2 Force-Indentation Curves on Systems of Controlled Surface
Chemistry and Controlled Mechanical Properties 42
3.4 Conclusion 45
References 45
4 Organization of PCL-h-PMMA Diblock Thin Films:
Relationship to the Adsorption Substrate Chemistry 47
T, Elzein, M. Brogly, andJ. Schultz
Abstract 47
4.1 Introduction 47
4.2 Materials and Methods 48
4.2.1 PCL-i-PMMA Diblocks 48
4.2.2 Infrared Spectroscopy 49
4.2.2.1 Transmission 49
4.2.2.2 Polarization-Modulation Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy
(PM-iRRAS) 49
4.2.3 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) SO
4.3 Results and Discussion 50
4.3.1 PCL-b-PMMA Bulk Characterization 50
4.3.2 PCL-b-PMMA Thin Films on OH-Functionalized Gold Substrates 51
4.3.3 PCL-b-PMMA Thin Films on Gold Substrates 55
4.4 Conclusion 56
References 57
5 Adhesion and Friction Properties of Elastomers at Macroscopic
and Nanoscopic Scales 59
S. Bistac and A. Galliano
Abstract 59
5.1 Introduction 59
5.2 Materials and Methods 60
5.3 Results and Discussion 62
5.3.1 Adherence Energy 62
5.3.2 Macroscale Friction 64
5.3.3 Nanoscale Friction and Adhesion 65
5.4 Conclusion 68
References 69
6 Chemical Structure Formation and Morphology
in Ultrathin Polyurethane Films on Metals 71
C. Wehlack and W. Possart
Abstract 71
6.1 Introduction 71
6.2 Materials and Methods 72
6.2.1 Sample Preparation 72
6.2.2 Experimental Characterization 74
6.2.3 IR Spectra Calculation 74
6.2.4 IR Band Assignment 75
6.3 Results and Discussion 76
6.3.1 Curing at Room Temperature 76
6.3.2 Morphology of Thin Films 79
6.3.3 Chemical Structure of Cured Films 80
6.4 Conclusion 85
Acknowledgments 86
References 87
7 Properties of the Interphase Epoxy-Amine/Metal:
Influences from the Nature of the Amine and the Metal 89
M. Aufray and A. A. Roche
Abstract 89
7.1 Introduction 89
7.2 Materials and Methods 90
7.2.1 Materials 90
7.2.2 Thermal Analysis (DSC) 91
7.2.3 Micro-Infrared Spectroscopy (p-FTIR) 91
7.2.4 Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-NIR) 92
7.2.5 Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy (ICP) 92
7.2.6 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 92
7.2.7 Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM) Coupled with a Hot Stage
Apparatus 92
em*
Results and Discussion 93
1 Interphase Formation Mechanisms 93
2 Formation of New Networks 94
3 Crystallization of “Modified” IPDA 94
4 Modification of Mechanical Properties 95
5 Comparison of Coatings and Metal-Bulk Interphases 97
6 Influence of the Stoichiometric Ratio 100
Conclusion 101
Acknowledgments 102
References 102
Mapping Epoxy Interphases 103
M. Munz, J. Chung, and C. Kalinka
Abstract 103
Introduction 104
Stiffness Mapping by Indentation Techniques 106
.1 SFM-Based Stiffness Mapping in Force Modulation Microscopy
(FMM) Mode 106
:.2 Depth-Sensing Micro-indentation (DSI) 108
« Some Fundamental Aspects of Interphase Mapping by Indentation
Techniques 110
.l Artifacts Induced by Topography 110
Î.2 Artifacts Induced by the Extent of the Stress Field Beneath
the lndenter 114
I Two Cases of Mapped Epoxy Interphases 116
1.1 The Cu/Epoxy Interphase 116
1.2 The PVP/Epoxy Interphase 118
5 Conclusion 121
Acknowledgments 122
References 122
Mechanical Interphases in Epoxies as seen by Nondestructive
High-Performance Brillouin Microscopy 125
J. K. Krüger, U. Miiller, R. Bactavatchalou, D. Liebschner, M. Sander,
W. Possart, C. Wehlack, J. Bailer, and D. Rouxel
Abstract 125
1 Introduction 225
2 Brillouin Spectroscopy on Thermal Phonons and Other Elementary
Excitations 126
2.1 An Introduction to the Physics of Classical Brillouin
Spectroscopy 126
2.2 The Kinematic View of Brillouin Spectroscopy 129
2.3 Scattering Geometries and Other Pitfalls 129
2.4 Brillouin Microscopy 132
3 Mechanical Interphases at Polymer-Substrate Interfaces 134
9.3.1 The Polymer Model System 134
9.3.2 Epoxy/Silicone Rubber Interphase 134
9.3.3 Epoxy/Metal Interphases 136
9.3.3.1 Technical Bulk Metals: Cu, A1 137
9.3.3.2 Thin Evaporated Metal Substrates: Al, Cu, Au, Mg 138
9.3.3.3 Discussion 141
9.4 Conclusion 142
Acknowledgments 142
References 142
10 Structure Formation in Barnacle Adhesive 143
M. Wiegemann
Abstract 143
10.1 Introduction 143
10.2 Barnacles 144
10.2.1 General Aspects of Barnacle Settlement 144
10.2.2 Biochemical Characterization of Barnacle Cement 145
10.2.3 Substrate-Specific Formation of Barnacle Adhesive 146
10.2.4 Substrate-Specific Morphology of Barnacle Base 147
10.2.5 Phenomenological Approach to Adhesive Structure Formation
and Morphology Changes 148
10.3 Homologous (?) Structure Formation of Biological Adhérâtes
on Hydrophobic Surfaces 150
10.4 Theoretical Colloid Approach to Structure Formation in Barnacle
Adhesive 152
10.5 Conclusions 154
Acknowledgments 154
References 154
11 Adhesion Molecule-Modified Cardiovascular Prostheses:
Characterization of Cellular Adhesion in a Cell Culture Model
and by Cellular Force Spectroscopy 157
U. Bakowsky, C. Ehrhardt, C. Loehbach, P. U, C. Kneuer, D.Jahn,
D. Hoekstra, and C.-M. Lehr
Abstract 157
11.1 Introduction 158
11.2 Materials and Methods 160
11.2.1 Chemicals for the Modification 160
11.2.2 Implant Materials 160
11.2.3 Modification of the PTFE Surface 160
11.2.4 Scanning Force Microscopy 162
11.2.5 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 163
11.2.6 Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy 163
11.2.7 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) 163
11.2.8 Isolation and Culture of HUVECs 164
11.2.9 Endothelialization of PTFE Films 164
11.3 Results and Discussion 165
11.3.1 Wet-Chemical Modification of PTFE Polymer Film 165
11.3.2 Cell Adhesion Experiments 166
11.3.2.1 Adhesion and Cultivation in Static Culture 166
11.3.2.2 Perfusion Experiments 366
11.3.3 Cell Adhesion Force Measurements 167
11.4 Conclusion 169
Acknowledgmen ts 170
References 171
12 Surface Engineering by Coating of Hydrophilic Layers:
Bioadhesion and Biocontamination 175
C. Legeay and F. Poncin-Epaillard
Abstract 175
12.1 Introduction 175
12.1.1 The Need for Bioadhesion of Biomaterials 175
12.1.2 Mechanism of Bioadhesion 376
12.2 Surface Engineering 177
12.2.1 Surface Preparation 177
12.2.2 Surface Sterilization ¡78
12.3 Results and Discussion 178
12.3.1 Hydrophobic Cold Plasma Treated Surfaces in Ophthalmology 178
12.3.2 Hydrophilic Cold Plasma Treated Surfaces Based
on Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or Natural Derivative Coatings 179
12.3.2.1 Grafting of Monomer onto Plasma-Pretreated Surfaces 180
12.3.2.2 Coating with Commercial Native or Synthetic Polymers 181
12.3.3 Examples 183
12.3.3.1 With Different Biomolecules, i.e., Proteins 184
12.3.3.2 Implantation (ex in vivo) 184
12.3.3.3 In vivo Implantation 385
12.4 Conclusion 186
References 387
13 New Resins and Nanosystems for High-Performance Adhesives 389
R. Mülhaupt
Abstract 189
13.1 Introduction 190
13.2 Tailor-Made Polymers and Properties on Demand 190
13.2.1 Controlled Polymerization and Catalysis 391
13.2.2 Functional Polymers from the Life Sciences 192
13.2.3 Reactive Extrusion and Isocyanate-Free Polyurethane Chemistry 193
13.3 Nanosystems 194
13.3.1 The Nano Challenge 194
13.3.2 Nanophase Separation 196
13.3.3 Nanomolecules as Molecular Nanoparticles 198
13.3.4 POSS and Nanocomposites 200
13.4 Conclusion 201
Acknowledgments 202
References 202
74 Influence of Proton Donors on the Cationic Polymerization
of Epoxides 205
A. Hartwig K. Koschek, and A. Luhring
Abstract 205
14.1 Introduction 206
14.2 Initiators for the Cationic Polymerization of Epoxides 207
14.3 Influence of Moisture on the Polymerization Kinetics 209
14.4 Modification of the Polymerization Behavior by the Addition
of Alcohols 212
14.5 Conclusion 215
Acknowledgments 215
References 215
75 Novel Adhesion Promoters Based on Hyperbranched Polymers 217
A. Buchman, H. Dodiuk-Kenig 7. Brand, Z. Cold, and S. Kenig
Abstract 237
15.1 Introduction 218
15.2 Experimental 219
15.2.1 Bulk Hyperbranch Incorporation 219
15.2.2 HB Polymers as Adhesion Promoters 220
15.3 Results and Discussion 221
15.4 Conclusion 227
References 228
16 Rheology of Hot-Melt PSAs: Influence of Polymer Structure 229
C. Derail and C. Marin
Abstract 229
16.1 Introduction 229
16.2 Main Features of the Viscoelastic Behavior of the Pure Components,
Blends, and Full Adhesive Formulations 233
16.2.1 Rheological Experiments 231
16.2.2 Rheological Behavior of the Pure Components: [SI], [SIS],
and Pure Blends 231
16.2.3 Rheological Behavior of the Full Adhesive Formulations 233
16.3 A Model of the Rheological Behavior 236
16.3.1 A Model for the Pure Copolymers 236
16.3.2 A Model for the Blends [SIS-SI] 239
16.3.3 A Model for the Full Adhesive Formulations [SIS-SI-Resin] 239
16.4 Discussion 240
I
16.4.1 Molecular Design 240
16.4.2 On the Variation of the Secondary Elastic Plateau Modulus 241
16.5 Conclusions 245
Acknowledgments 247
References 247
17 Preparation and Characterization
of UV-Crossiinkable Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives 249
H.-S. Do, S.-E. Kim, and H. -J. Kim
Abstract 249
17.1 Introduction 249
17.2 Materials and Methods 252
17.2.1 Preparation of UV-Crosslinkable Acrylic PSA 252
17.2.2 Preparation of PSA Samples and UV Curing 253
17.2.3 FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy 253
17.2.4 DSC Measurement 254
17.2.5 PSA Performance 254
17.3 Results and Discussion 254
17.3.1 FTIR-ATR Measurements 254
17.3.2 PSA Performance 258
17.3.2.1 Probe Tack 258
17.3.2.2 Peel Strength 260
17.3.2.3 Shear Adhesion Failure Temperature (SAFT) 261
17.4 Conclusions 263
References 263
18 Contribution of Chemical Interactions to the Adhesion Between
Evaporated Metals and Functional Croups of Different Types
at Polymer Surfaces 265
J. Friedrich, R. Mix, and C. Kuhn
Abstract 265
18.1 Introduction 266
18.1.1 Interactions Between Metal Atoms and Functional Groups
at Polymer Surfaces 266
18.1.2 Preparation of the Plasma-Modified Polymer Surfaces 267
18.1.3 Interactions Between Evaporated Al and Functional Groups 269
18.1.4 Adhesive Bond Strength and Concentration of Functional
Groups 269
18.2 Materials and Methods 270
18.2.1 Materials 270
18.2.2 Plasma Pretreatment of Polymers 271
18.2.3 Deposition of Adhesion-Promoting Plasma Polymer Layers 271
18.2.4 Surface Analysis 271
18.2.5 Labeling of Functional Groups 272
18.2.6 Contact Angle Measurements 272
18.2.7
18.2.8
18.3
18.3.1
18.3.2
18.3.3
18.3.4
18.3.5
18.3.6
18.3.7
18.3.7.1
18.3.7.2
18.4
18.4.1
18.4.2
18.5
19
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.3.1
19.3.2
19.3.3
19.3.3.1
19.3.3.2
19.3.3.3
19.4
20
20.1
20.1.1
Metal Deposition 272
Peel Strength Measurements 273
Results 273
Production of Polymer Surfaces Containing Functional Groups 273
Surface Free Energy Measurements 275
Peel Strength Measurements of Al-Plasma Modified
PP Systems 276
Peel Strength of Al-Plasma-Produced Homopolymer-PP
Systems 277
Peel Strength of Al-Plasma Copolymer-PP Systems 277
Plasma Pretreatment of PTFE Surfaces 279
Peel Strength Measurements of Al-PTFE Systems 281
Hydrogen Plasma Pretreatment of PTFE 281
Hydrogen Plasma Pretreatment of PTFE and Deposition
of Plasma Polymer Layers 281
Discussion 282
Contribution of Chemical Bonds to the Resulting Adhesion
Strength 282
Dependence of Adhesion Strength on Concentration of Functional
Groups at the Polymer S 284
Conclusion 285
References 286
Alkene Pulsed Plasma Functionalized Surfaces:
An Interfacial Diels-Alder Reaction Study 289
F. Siffer, J. Schultz, and V. Roucoules
Abstract 289
Introduction 289
Materials and Methods 290
Results and Discussion 292
Interfacial Chemistry 292
Cycloaddition 294
Kinetics 295
Monolayers 295
Plasma Polymer Thin Films 298
Comparison of Surface Reaction in Monolayers and Plasma Polymer
Thin Films 299
Conclusion 302
References 303
Laser Surface Treatment of Composite Materials
to Enhance Adhesion Properties 305
Q. Bénard, A4. Fois, A4. Crisel, and P. Laurens
Introduction 305
Why Treat a Composite Surface? 305
20.1.2 Available Treatments for Composite Surfaces 305
20.2 Materials and Methods 307
20.2.1 Composite Materials 307
20.2.2 Surface Analyses 307
20.2.3 Single Lap Shear Tests 308
20.3 Results and Discussion 308
20.3.1 Why Excimer Laser Treatment? 308
20.3.2 Excimer Laser Surface Treatment 310
20.3.2.1 Surface Characterization 310
20.3.2.2 Mechanical Tests 312
20.4 Conclusion 317
References 318
21 Effects of the Interphase on the Mechanical Behavior
of Thin Adhesive Films - a Modeling Approach 319
S. Diebels, H. Steeb, and W. Possart
Abstract 329
21.1 Introduction 319
21.2 Theoretical Framework 322
21.3 Applications and Examples 325
21.3.1 Uniaxial Tension Test 326
21.3.2 Simple Shear Test 330
21.4 Conclusion 330
References 333
22 Effect of the Diblock Content on the Adhesive and Deformation
Properties of PSAs Based on Styrenic Block Copolymers 337
C. Cretan, A. Roos, and A. Chiche
22.1 Introduction 337
22.2 Block Copolymer Based Adhesives 339
22.3 Effect of the Diblock Content on Adhesive and Deformation
Properties 348
22.4 Understanding the Structure of the Extended Foam 350
22.5 Interfacial Fracture 356
22.6 Summary 360
Acknowledgments 362
References 361
23 Contact Mechanics and Interfacial Fatigue Studies
Between Thin Semicrystalline and Classy Polymer Films 365
R. L McSwain, A. R. Markowitz, and K. R. Shull
Abstract 365
23.1 Introduction 365
23.2 Materials and Methods 369
23.2.1 Materials and Sample Preparation 369
23.2.2 Pull-Off Test 371
23.2.3 Cyclic Interfacial Fatigue Test 374
23.3 Results 374
23.4 Discussion 381
23.4.1 Wetting Behavior and PEO/TMPC Miscibility 381
23.4.2 PEO/TMPC Interfacial Width and Adhesion 382
23.4.3 PDMS Rupture 384
23.5 Conclusion 385
Acknowledgments 385
References 385
24 Local and Global Aspects of Adhesion Phenomena
in Soft Polymers 387
M.-F. Vallat
Abstract 387
24.1 Introduction 387
24.2 The Molecular Interphase 388
24.2.1 Autohésion of Polyisoprene 389
24.2.2 Autoadhesion of EPDM 393
24.3 Macroscopic Interphases 395
24.3.1 Vulcanized Elastomers 395
24.3.2 Polyurethane Joints 398
24.4 Conclusion 400
References 401
25 Calibration and Evaluation of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Transmission
Measurements of Thin-Bonded Interfaces 403
5. Hirsekorn, A. Koka, S. Kurzenhäuser, and W. Arnold
Abstract 403
25.1 Introduction 403
25.2 Experimental and Calibration Procedure 404
25.3 Calibrated Ultrasonic Transmission Measurements 406
25.4 Ultrasonic Measurement and Destructive Tests 410
25.5 Conclusion 418
Acknowledgm ents 418
References 419
26 Debonding of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives:
A Combined Tack and Ultra-Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Study 421
E. Maurer, S. Loi, and P. Müller-Buschbaum
Abstract 421
26.1 Introduction 421
26.2 In-Situ Small Angle Scattering Using Synchrotron Radiation 423
26.3 Microscopically Inaccessible Substructures 426
26.4 Conclusion 432
Acknowledgments 433
References 433
27 Nondestructive Testing of Adhesive Curing in Glass-Metal
Compounds by Unilateral NMR 435
K. Kremer, B. Blümich, F.-P. Schmitz, andJ. Seitzer
Abstract 435
27.1 Introduction 436
27.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and the NMR-MOUSE 436
27.3 Quality Control 437
27.4 Application 438
27.5 Conclusion and Outlook 442
Acknowledgments 442
References 443
28 Chemical Processes During Aging in Ultra-thin Epoxy Films
on Metals 445
A. Meiser, C. Wehlack, and W. Possart
Abstract 445
28.1 Introduction 445
28.2 Experimental 447
28.2.1 Sample Preparation 447
28.2.2 Aging Conditions 447
28.3 Results and Discussion 448
28.3.1 Crosslinking 448
28.3.2 Additional Aging Effects 451
28.3.3 Band Assignment and Chemical Aging Processes 458
28.4 Conclusion 462
Acknowledgments 463
References 463
29 Depth-Resolved Analysis of the Aging Behavior
of Epoxy Thin Films by Positron Spectroscopy 465
J. Kanzow, F. Faupel, W. Egger, P. Sperr, G. Kôgel, C. Wehlack, A. Meiser,
and W. Possart
Abstract 465
29.1 Introduction 465
29.2 Materials and Methods 466
29.3 Results 467
29.3.1 PALS Investigation of an Unaged Epoxy Film 468
29.3.2 PALS Investigation of Aged Epoxy Films 469
29.3.3 Further Investigations of Aged Epoxy Films 471
29.4 Discussion and Conclusion 474
Acknowledgments 476
References 476
30 Epoxies on Stainless Steel - Curing and Aging 479
D. Fata, C. Bockenheimer, and W. Possart
Abstract 479
30.1 Introduction 480
30.2 Materials and Methods 481
30.2.1 Materials 481
30.2.2 Sample Preparation 482
30.2.3 Aging Experiments 482
30.2.4 Characterization of Aged Specimens 483
30.3 Results and Discussion 484
30.3.1 The RT Curing Epoxy System (EP1) 484
30.3.1.1 Curing of EP1 484
30.3.1.2 Thermal Aging of EP1 after Post-Curing at 40°C 487
30.3.1.3 Hydro-thermal Aging of EP1 492
30.3.2 The Hot-Curing Epoxy System (EP2) 495
30.3.2.1 Curing of EP2 495
30.3.2.2 Thermal Aging of EP2 498
30.3.2.3 Hydro-thermal Aging of EP2 500
30.4 Conclusion 503
Acknowledgment 505
References 505
31 Scanning Kelvin Probe Studies of Ion Transport
and De-adhesion Processes at Polymer/Metal Interfaces 507
K. Wapner and C. Crundmeier
Abstract 507
31.1 Introduction 508
31.2 Theory and Experimental Set-Up of a Scanning Kelvin Probe 509
31.3 Applications of Scanning Kelvin Probe Studies in Adhesion
Science 514
31.3.1 Diffusion of Ions into Metal/Adhesive Interfaces 514
31.3.2 Corrosive Degradation of the Polymer/Metal Interface 516
31.3.2.1 Cathodic Delamination on Adhesive-Coated Iron 516
31.3.2.2 Anodic Delamination (Filiform Corrosion)
on Coated Aluminum 518
31.3.3 Detection of Wet Debonding 520
31.3.4 A New Scanning Kelvin Probe Blister Test 521
Acknowledgment 523
References 523
32 Advanced Mass Transport Applications with Elastic Bonding
of Sandwich Components 525
S. Koch, A. Starlinger, and X. Wang
Abstract 525
32.1 Introduction 525
32.2 Stress Distribution in Different Joints 526
32.2.1 Stress Distribution in Bolted Joints 527
32.2.2 Stress Distribution in a Stiff Adhesive Joint 528
32.2.3 Stress Distribution in an Elastic Adhesive Joint 529
32.3 Applications of Flexible Adhesives in Mass Transportation
Systems 529
32.3.1 GRP Front Cab 530
32.3.2 Application in Tram Design 530
32.4 Methods of Modeling Flexible Adhesives 531
32.4.1 Modeling Methods for Detailed Local Analysis 532
32.4.2 Modeling Methods for Large Global Structural Analysis 533
32.4.3 Comparison of the TR08 Results from FE Analysis
and from Measurement on Lathen Test Track 534
32.5 Joint Design, Production, and Testing 535
32.5.1 Production of Adhesive Joints 536
32.5.2 Joint Testing 536
32.6 Conclusion 537
References 537
33 Adhesive Joints for Modular Components
in Railway Applications 539
C. Nagel, M. Brede, M. Cahmfirescu, J. Sauer, E.A. Ullrich, T. Fertlg,
and O.-D. Hennemann
Abstract 539
33.1 Introduction 539
33.2 Adhesives and Adherends 540
33.3 Surface Pretreatment 541
33.4 Mechanical Behavior of Adhesives and Joints 542
33.4.1 Elastic-Plastic Properties of Structural Adhesive Systems 543
33.4.2 Hyperelastic Properties of Flexible Adhesive Systems 544
33.4.3 Creep Behavior of Adhesive Joints 545
33.4.4 Fatigue Properties of Adhesive Joints 547
33.5 Environmental Influences and Design of Structures 550
33.6 Conclusion 553
Acknowledgment 553
References 554
34 Behavior of Dismantlable Adhesives
Including Thermally Expansive Microcapsules 555
Y. Nishiyama and C Sato
Abstract 555
34.1 Introduction 555
34.2 Materials and Methods 557
34.2.1 Materials 557
34.2.2 Volume Expansion of the Cured Bulk Adhesive 558
34.2.3 Dismantlability of Joints Bonded with the Dismantlable
Adhesive 559
34.2.4 Bond Strength of the Dismantlable Adhesive 559
34.2.5 PVT (Pressure-Volume-Temperature) Tests 560
34.3 Results and Discussion 561
34.3.1 Volume Expansion of the Cured Bulk Adhesive 561
34.3.2 Dismantlability of Joints Bonded with the Dismantlable
Adhesive 562
34.3.3 Bond Strength of the Dismantlable Adhesive 564
34.3.4 PVT Relationship of Microcapsules and Dismantlable Adhesive 565
34.3.5 Discussion 567
34.5 Conclusion 567
References 568
Subject Index 569 |
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| discipline_str_mv | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Chemie |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| id | DE-604.BV020848626 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T13:19:07Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:26:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783527312634 3527312633 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014170364 |
| oclc_num | 62131326 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-1102 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-703 DE-1051 DE-29T DE-634 DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-1102 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-703 DE-1051 DE-29T DE-634 DE-83 |
| physical | XXXII, 575 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Adhesion current research and applications ed. by Wulff Possart Weinheim Wiley-VCH 2005 XXXII, 575 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Adhésion (Physique) Adhesion Adhäsion (DE-588)4000493-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Adhäsion (DE-588)4000493-4 s DE-604 Possart, Wulff Sonstige oth KOBV Fremddatenuebernahme application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014170364&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Adhesion current research and applications Adhésion (Physique) Adhesion Adhäsion (DE-588)4000493-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4000493-4 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Adhesion current research and applications |
| title_auth | Adhesion current research and applications |
| title_exact_search | Adhesion current research and applications |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Adhesion current research and applications |
| title_full | Adhesion current research and applications ed. by Wulff Possart |
| title_fullStr | Adhesion current research and applications ed. by Wulff Possart |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adhesion current research and applications ed. by Wulff Possart |
| title_short | Adhesion |
| title_sort | adhesion current research and applications |
| title_sub | current research and applications |
| topic | Adhésion (Physique) Adhesion Adhäsion (DE-588)4000493-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Adhésion (Physique) Adhesion Adhäsion Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014170364&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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