Verfügbarkeit: Poland 1914 - 1931

Poland 1914 - 1931: By Robert Machray

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Machray, Robert 1857-1946 (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Undetermined
Veröffentlicht:	New York E. P. Dutton 1932
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register
Beschreibung:	448 S., 8 Taf., 1 Karte

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGE Activists and Passivists. 1914-1915 27 1. Poland Almost Forgotten — Poland Not Dead — The Three Areas and Their Politics — Liberation, Partial or Complete — The Leaders-Pilsudski — A Romance of History — Pilsudski and the Socialists — Pilsudski s First Moves — The Leaders -Dmowski — Pilsudski Strikes — Dmowski and the Duma — Pilsudski s Plans. z. The American Poles — Pilsudski s Riflemen — The World War Starts — Pilsudski Occupies Kielce — Cracow Currents — Polish Military Organization — Russian Poland — Dmowski s Success — Divergent Polish Views — Polish National Committee — Western Opinion — Relief Funds — Paderewski s Appeal to England. CHAPTER II The Austro-German Kingdom of Poland. 1915—19 і 8 бо ι. Russophil Hopes Dashed — Austrophils Disappointed — Pilsudski Denounces Germany — Poland Partitioned Again — Discontent of the Legions — Polish Question Interests the World — German Views — British Views — French Views — Plight of the Poles — Polish Propaganda in England — Pilsudski Resigns Legion Leadership — Central Powers Need More Men — Reactions to Austro- German Plan — Council of State Formed — The Russian Revolutions — Effect on Polish Question. a. Pilsudski Resigns from. Council of State — Pilsudski Arrested — Puławy and Other Legions — Polish National Committee Recognized** — Polish Regency Council — 2O POLAND 1914^1931 PAGE Russia Eliminated from the War — The Fourteen Points — Polish Legions Attacked — New Polish Council of State — Allies Declare for Poland — Polish Army in France — Recognized by the Allies—Regency Council Proclaims Polish Independence. CHAPTER III The New Polish Republic. 1918-1919 97 1. Pilsudski s Problems — Creates Polish Army — Poland Partly Liberated — Lwow Taken — Growth of Polish Army — Piludski as Chief of the State — The First Cabinet — A Most Democratic Franchise — Warsaw-Paris Negotiations — Paderewski Goes to Poland — Revolution in Poznania — Paderewski and Pilsudski — The Paderewski Cabinet — First General Election — First or Constituent Seym — Lamentable Economic State of Poland — American Help. 2. Struggle for Teschen — Poland and the Peace Conference — Poland and the Jews — The Frontiers Claimed — Polish Army in France Goes to Poland — Lloyd George and Poland — Poland s Substantial Gains — Polish Minority Treaty — Fight for the Eastern Frontiers — Vilna Captured — Eastern Galicia Occupied — Dissensions in the Seym — Agrarian Reform — Paderewski Resigns. CHAPTER IV The Crisis of Fate. 1920 136 1. Soviet s Moves — Polish Army Unified — The Skulski Cabinet — Poland replies to the Soviet — Pilsudski Attacks — Kieff Occupied — Soviet Held in the North — Soviet Success in the South — The First Grabski Cabinet — Soviet Second Offensive in the North — Soviet Swift Advance — Polish Council of National Defence Formed — Poland Appeals to the Allies — Consequences of Polish Reverses — Allied Missions Go to Warsaw — The First Witos Cabinet — Pilsudski s Great Plan. CONTENTS PAGE 2. Warsaw in Danger — Soviet Attacks Pressed — Sikorski s Success — Pilsudski Wins Battle of Warsaw — Pursuit of the Bolsheviks — Comments on Battle of Warsaw — Greatness of Pilsudski s Victory — Polish Triumph in South and North — Battle of the Niemen — Battle of the Szczara — Vilna Reoccupied — Riga Peace Conference — Stormy Debates on Polish Constitution — Poland-Danzig Convention — Polish Economic Situation Bad. CHAPTER V National Consolidation, і 92 і 176 ι . Franco-Polish Alliance — Polish Alliance with Rumania — Treaty of Riga Signed — The Kresy — Polish Constitution Passed — Text of the Constitution — The President — Local Government — The Judicature — National Minorities — Character of the Constitution . a. Upper Silesia Question — British Opinion — Vilna Ques¬ tion — Skirmunt Foreign Minister — His Differences with Pilsudski — The Industri al Triangle — Grave Financial Situation — The Ponikowski Cabinet — Vilna and the League of Nations — Upper Silesia Settlement — Danzig-Polish Treaty — Polish-Czechoslovak Treaty — Census of Poland — Financial Situation Dealt With. CHAPTER VI The Parliament and Pilsudski. 1922-1923 216 ι. Central Lithuania — Vilna Seym s Resolution — Poni- kowski s Second Cabinet — Baltic States Confer at Warsaw — Vilna Incorporated — Genoa Conference — Geneva Con¬ vention Respecting Upper Silesia — Ponikowski Cabinet Resigns — Pilsudski Forces Crisis with the Seym — The Sliwinski Cabinet — The Nowak Cabinet — Poland Occupies her Part of Upper Silesia. 22 POLAND 11914-1931 PAGE 2. Statute of Autonomy for Eastern Galicia — End of First Seym — General Election, 1932— Second Seym Meets — Narutowicz Elected President of Poland — Narutowicz Assassinated — The Sikorski Cabinet — Wojciechowski Elected President — Budget Difficulties — Polish Foreign Policy of Peace — Memel Question — Poland s Eastern Frontiers Fixed — Gdynia Begun — Marshal Foch Visits Poland — Second Witos Cabinet — Pilsudski Resigns from the Army — Rumanian Sovereigns in Warsaw — Witos Overthrown . CHAPTER VII Financial Restoration and Relapse. 1924—1925 257 1. Second Grabski Cabinet — Its Financial Problem — Grabski Financial Dictator — Budget Balanced — The Bank of Poland — Financial Reforms — The State Banks — The National Minorities — Lithuania Gets Memel — National Minorities Exploited against Poland — By Germany — By Soviet Russia — False Impressions of Poland — Favourable Language Laws for National Minorities — Border Affrays — Strike in Polish Upper Silesia — Danzig and Westerplatte — Danzig and Gdynia — Step towards Agrarian Reform — Pilsudski as Author — Better International Situation — Skrzynski s Good Foreign Policy — Thugutt on Polish Politics — Reymont Awarded Nobel Prize. 2. Polish Budget Satisfied — Danzig and Polish Letter- Boxes — Baltic States Confer at Helsingfors — Polish Con¬ cordat with the Vatican — Question of Security — Polish- Czechoslovak Treaty — Corridor s Frontiers Invisible — Polish-Jewish Rapprochement — Negotiations for Polish- German Commercial Treaty—Skrzynski Visits United States — Chicherin in Warsaw — Poland and Locarno — Severe Financial Crisis — Second Grabski Cabinet Resigns — The Skrzynski Cabinet. CONTENTS аз CHAPTER VIII PAGE PiLSUDSKi s Intervention. 1926—1928 301 1. Seym supports Skrzynski — Agrarian Reform Act Passed — Economic Depression Intensified — Pilsudski and the High Command — Rumanian-Polish Alliance Extended — Poland claims Permanent Seat on League Council — Negotiations with Germany suspended — So viet- German Treaty of Berlin — Skrzynski Cabinet in Difficulties — Skrzynski Resigns — Third Witos Cabinet — Pilsudski Marches on Warsaw — Government Resists — The Battle of the Streets — Victory of Pilsudski — First Bartel Cabinet — National Assembly Elects Pilsudski President — Pilsudski Declines — Moscicki Elected President. 2. Confidence Reviving — Constitution modified by the Seym — New Constitutional Act — Pilsudski Given the High Command — Third Bartel Cabinet — First Pilsudski Cabinet — Poles a Unit on Foreign Policy — Poland Gets Renewable Three Years Seat on Council, League of Nations — King of Poland Rumours — The Seym Defiant — -Question of German Disarmament — Summary Close of the Seym — Assassination of Voikoff — The Constitutional Struggle * — Great Stabilization Loan — Budget Discussions — Polish Pact of Non -Aggression — Pilsudski s Is it Peace? to Lithuania. CHAPTER IX The Pilsudski Régime. 1928— і 93 і 347 ι. For or Against Pilsudski — Industrial Support — Atti¬ tude of the Church — Government Direction — General Election, 1928— No Majority for Pilsudski — Seym Elects anti-Pilsudski Speaker — Budget Shows Progress of Poland —Königsberg Conference — Fourth Bartel Cabinet — Why Pilsudski Resigned Premiership — Pilsudski on Vilna — Poland s Improved Economic Situation — Decennial Cele¬ brations — Lugano Council of the League — Stresemann s Gaffe — LitvinofT Protocol. 24 POLAND 1914-1931 PAGE 2.. Draft of New Constitution — Improved Relations with Danzig — National Minorities and the League — Seym Im¬ peaches Czechowicz — The Switalski Cabinet — Polish Upper Silesia Inquiry —Poznan National Exposition—Check to Poland s Prosperity — The World Depression — Pressure on the Seym — Armed Men in Seym Lobby — Polish-Rumanian and Other Relations — Pilsudski s Aims — Fifth Bartel Cabinet. 3. The Hague Conferences, 1929—1930— Polish-German Commercial Treaty Signed — Fifth Bartel Cabinet Resigns — Drafts of New Constitution — Budget and the Crisis — First Sławek Cabinet — Polish Foreign Policy Continuity —- Polish-German Tension — Danzig s Demand — Economic Situation Worsens — Warsaw Agrarian Conference — Tre- viranus and Revision — Second Pilsudski Cabinet — General Election, 1930— Second Sławek Cabinet — Elections in Polish Upper Silesia — Case of Imprisoned Deputies — Pilsudski Takes a Holiday — Polish-Rumanian Alliance Renewed — Sławek Justifies Arrest of Deputies — Sabotage Campaign in Eastern Galicia — Polish Resentment Against Germany — Zaleski on Polish Foreign Policy — Poland Ratifies German Treaties — New Constitution Referred to Commission — Budget Economies — French Confidence in Poland — Poland and the League — The Prystor Cabinet — The Stahlhelm at Breslau— French and Polish Negotiations with the Soviet — Poland and the League in September, 1931— The Parliament Resumes—New Poland Thirteen Years Old. Bibliography 425 Index 429 IND EX Abteilung für Polnische Wehrmacht, 77 Activists, io, 33, 71, 76, 90, 113 Adamski, Bishop, 109 Adatchi, 364, 371, 375 Agrarian Conference, Warsaw, 397 Agrarian Reform, 133, 150, 205, 25г, 256, 265, 275, 299, 303-4 Albert, King of the Belgians, 152 Al.UiN-STEIN (Olsztyn), Г22, I24, I53 Allies, The, The Great Allies, the Entente or Entente Powers, 9, 10, 71, 76, S3» 85, 87, 88, 95, 100, J05, 106, ход, из, χτγ, ΐτ8, i24, 126, 138, 142, 151, 154, 156, 165, 168, 184, 191, 196, 199, 207, 209, 225, 226, 247, 274, 288, 295, 338> 375 386 Allies and Associated Powers, The, 9, 14, 86, 105, 107, in, 282 Alsace, 67 Ambassador of Peace, An, 197 Ambassadors Conference, 153, 274, 184, 194, 97» 208, 209, 228, 248, 249, 266, 267, 279, 357 America, Americans, see United States American Poles, 45—6, 57, 84, 293 American-Polish Chamber of Commerce, 17 Anglo-French Entente, 198 Anschluss, 310, 414, 419 Apponyi, 273 Askenazy, Simon (1867— ), historian; Professor, Lwow, 1897; Polish delegate, League of Nations, 1921— 2; author of biographies of Prince Joseph Ponia- towski and Lukasinski; other works, Danzig and Poland (Eng. edn. 1921), Uwagi (Remarks), etc.; 119, 207 Asquith, Earl of Oxford and, 69, 94 Association France-Pologne, 17 Austria, Austria-Hungary, Habsburg or Austrian Empire, the Dual Monarchy, 27, 42, 43. 44, 53, 62, 68, 69, 72, 84, 85, 87, 88, 95, 96, 139 Austria, Republic of, 132, 310, 386, 414 Austro-German Customs Union, 413—4, 419 Austro-Germans, see Central Powers Austkophils, 33, 50, 53, 54, 56, 61-2, 8z, 86, 113 Auta, The, 146 AvEZZANA, 250 Balachowtcz, 175 Balfour, Earl of, 79, 84, 93, 94, 207 Balicki, Sigismond (1858-1916), a founder of the National Democrat Party before the World War; author, sociological works; 54 Baltic, The, 15, 121, 130, 141, 142; Baltic States, 137, 172, 226, 227, 279, 366, 377; Baltic States Conferences, 137. 222, 239, 279, 286 Bank of Poland (Bank Polski), 261-2, 264, 382, 284, 296, 297, 299, 326, 327 331, 343 Baranowicze, 129, 169, 170 Bartel, Casimir (1882- ), statesman; Professor, Lwow Polytechnic; deputy, Seym, 1922—30; Prime Minister, 1926, 1927-8, 1929; 39> З20, 323, 325, 326, „ З27, 333, 347. 355, 360, 369, 373, З85, 386 Barthou, Louis J. F., 178, 225, 226 Bartoz, 44 Batig ν olles, Société de construction des, 275 Baudouin de Courtenay, John (1845—1927), scientist; Professor, Kazan, Dorpat, Cracow; 242 Beck, Colonel Joseph (1894- ), with Pilsudski s Legions, 1914— 8; Colonel, General Staff; attaché, Paris, 1923-5; private secretary to Pilsudski ; Minister without portfolio, 1930; Under-Secretary, Foreign Affairs, 1930; 399, 402 Beelaerts van Blokland, 345, 357, 361 Belfort, 92 Belgium, 69, 204, 308, 361 Belgrade, 211, 222 Bello с , 94 Benesh, Dr. Edward, 134, 153, 84, 117, 211-2, 225, 289, 3ro, 311 432 POLAND 1914-1931 Dawes Plan, see Reparations Dęblin (Ivangorod), 160 Denikin, юз, 13S Derby, Lord, 252 Deutsche Warschauer Zeitung, 76 Dewey, Charles S., 17, 342 Dluski, Casimir (1864- ), physician; member, Pilsudski delegation to Polxsh National Committee, Paris, 1917— 9; assistant delegate, Peace Conference, 1919; 106—7, iti . Dmowski (pronounced Dmoiski), Roman (1864- ), statesman; leader, National Democrats since 1Ö93; member, Duma, and President, Polish Club, Petrograd; President, Polish National Committee, Paris, 1917-9; delegate, Peace Con¬ ference, Paris, 1919; deputy, Seym, 1919—22; Minister, Foreign Affairs, i923; since 1924 retired from active political life. Author of several important books, see Bibliography; o, 10, 34, 35, 39-40, 42, 44, 52, 53. 54» 6l> 68> 71, 76, 79, 82> 83-5, 92-4, 105, Ї17, 120-1, 122, 123, 125, 126, 130, !34> 145, 155» 158» 182, 256, 336. ЗУ2 Dnieper, The, 144 DoMBROVA (Dąbrowa), 50, 273 DORPAT, 39 , Dowbor-Musnicki, General Joseph (1867- ), served in Russian Army, Russo-Japanese War; organized Polish Army Corps in Russia, 1917» and after its demobilization returned to Poland; organized Polish forces m Poznania; retired; 83, 89, 158, 318 Downarowicz, Stanislas (1874- ), head of Kresy administration, 1919-20; Governor of Polesia, 1921, 1922-4; Minister, Interior, 1921-2; 220, 221 Dresden Conference, 239 Drohobycz, 131 Druskieniki, 169 Drużyny Bartoszowe, 44 Drużyny Strzeleckie, 43 DuBANOwicz, Edward (1881- ), lawyer; Professor, Lwow; deputy, Seym, 1919—27; leader, National Christian Party, 1922-7; i73> l85, S6 Dubno, 131 Duca, I., 236, 255 Duisburg, 196 Duma, The, 30, 40, 41, 54, 76 Dunajec, The, 56 Dusseldorf, 196 Dvina, The (Duna), 137, 146, 149 DviNSK (Duaaburg), 137, 42 г Dyboski, Roman, historian and littérateur ; Professor, Cracow; 16 Eastern Galicia (Little Poland), 55, 98, 101, in, 120, 127, 128, 130-1, 135, 144, 15г, і7б, і82, 183-4, 206, 207, an, 226, 237, 249, 406 East Prussia, 54, 121, 126, 163, 289 Eberhardt, Julian (1886— ), civil engineer; Minister, Communications, 1919; III Eclair, 227 Economic Progress of Poland, 17 Economics, School of, London, 71 Eighteenth Decisive Battle of the World (Warsaw), 165 Electoral Law, 206, 234 England, Great Britain, British, 14, 28, 56, 57, 71, 72, уд, 94, io5, 120, 123, 124, 138, 143, 151, 152, 154, 178, 194, 196, 198, 204, 209, 216, 247, 253, 267, 277, 282, 288, 308, 327, 340, 360, 365, 421 Englich, Joseph (1875—1924), Minister, Finance, 1919; no Entestophils, 10, 53, 61 Epoka, 373 Erzberger, 123 Estonia, ioi, 137, 142, 222, 226, 239, 279, 286, 266, 377, 307 Falcons (Sokols), Union of Polish, 85 Fascism, 336 Faury, General, 168 Ferdinand, King of Rumania, 236, 355 Fierich, Francis (1860-1927), lawyer; Professor, Cracow; President Codification Commission; 190 Filasiewicz, Stanislas, 16 INDEX 433 Finland, 137, 151, 222, -227, 239, 279, 286, 366, 377, 397 Fischer, 159 Foch, Marshal, 99, 105, 109, 121, 154, 251-2, 338 Fourteen Points, The, 79, 88, 95 France, French, 11, 28, 42, 56, 57, 69, 93, 105, 120, 123, 138, 140, 143, 54, 156, Г94, 196, 199, 204, 209, 217, 222, 247, 249, 252, 270, 2.77, 289, 295, 308, 310, 312, 342, 360, 361, 365,393, 405, 409, 41З, 414, 410; French Foreign Office (Quai d Orsay), 107, 17S Francis Joseph, Emperor, 49, 79 Franco-Czechoslovak Treaty, 266 Franco-Polish Alliance, ii, 176, 177—8, 227, 246 Franco-Russian Alliance, 69, 129, 177 Frederick, Archduke, 49 Fribourg, 325 Fronczak, Major Francis, American Pole; doctor in U.S. Army; member, Polish National Committee on behalf of American Poles, 1917— 9; 84 Frvstad, 116 Galatz, 376 Galicia, 30, 32, 39, 50, 5.4, 60, 65, 79, 98, 120, 387; see Eastern Galicia. Galicia, Diet of, 32, 113 Galvanauskas, 200, 207 Gasparri, Cardinal, 57-8 Gazeta Polska, 165 Gazeta Warszawska, 52, 53, 336 Gdynia, 13, 250, 274-5, 325-6, 35<3, 363, 3/6, 394. 305, 39б, 413» 45, 422 General Elections, Polish, io, 13, πι, 239, 352-3» 4°r Geneva, passim, see League of Nations Geneva Convention re Upper Silesia, 228 Geneva Protocol, 277, 286, 288; re Austria, 414, 419 Genoa Conference, 2x2, 216, зг7> 224, 225-7* 3» George, D. Lloyd, 84, 88, gx, 118, 122, 123-4, 151» 152, 154, 156, 59> l65. I 6, 194» 197, 198, 216, 217, 226 Germany, German Empire, 28, 41, 42, 53, 60, 64, 67, 68, 69, 81, 91, 93, 95» 9» Germany, Republic of, the Reich, 9, 10, 11, 14, 96, 100, 109, 117» 53> τ5%, ΐ94. 195-6, 197, 198, 203, 204, 208, 209, 215, 216, 225, 227, 247, 267, 268, 273, 278, 291, 292, 295, 307, 308, 309, 311-2, 334, Збі, 365, 366, 382, 306, 307, 388, 393-4» 4O3> 408, 4x0, 411, 4x4, 46-8, 419 German Soldiers Councils, 99, 100, 108 Giesche Mines, 328 Ginet, 35 GioLirn, r 66 t v Glabinski (pronounced Glombinski), Stanislas (1886- ), economist and poli¬ tician; Professor, Lwow; member, Austrian Reichsrat, 1902-18; Pres., Polish Club, Vienna; Austrian Minister of Railways; deputy, Seym, 1919- 27; President, National Populist Party; Minister, Education, 1923; senator, 1927; 205, 237, 251» 253, 355 G lici Witz, 204, 208 Glogau, 337, 338 Glos Prawdy, 358, 373 GoocH, Professor, 94 Ί Górecki (pronounced Gooretski), General Roman (188S- ), lawyer; served in PiJsudski s Legions, J914-8; became Chief of Army Administration; general, 1924; President, National Economic Bank, 1927; 371 GOREMYKIN, 60 „ ,, Government Block (Non-party Block of Co-operation with the Government^ 13, 298-9, 348, 353, 380, 383, 389, З98. 400 401, 402, 41 ir 422 Grabski, Ladislas (1873- ), statesman and economist; mem ber, iJuma, 1905-17; interned by Germany, xgrS; Prime Minister, 1920; Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, 1923-5; retired from political lite, uec- XV2J> President, Agricultural College, Warsaw; 12, 140, 147, i49, 151» ^52, «, І9З. 246, 253, 255» 257, 258, 26O, 264, 265, 271, 276, 280, 282, 2 Ѕш,аЛЅиѕ ÍI87O- ), Professor, Lwow; member, Committee, Paris; deputy, Seym, 1918-28; several times tion; 106, 134, 172, 290 Grandi, 395—6 Gravina, 415, 419 Great Britain, see England ЕЕ 434 POLAND 1914-1931 Great Britain to Poland and Galicia Committee, 59 Greece, 180, 386 Grey of Fallodon, Lord (Sir Edward), 56 Grodno, 130, 149, 167, 168, 169, 271 Grove, 116 Grezsicki, 65 Grünwald (Tannenberg), 51 Habsburg Empire, Habsburgs, see Austria Hacia, Casimir (1877- ), Polish economist; Minister, Trade and Commerce Г919; no Hague Agreements, The, 41 χ Hague Conferences, The, 216, 227, 386—7 Hague Court, The, 212, 266, 286, 357, 414, 415, 419, zz Halicz, 131 1 Haller, General Joseph (1873- ), officer, Austrian Army; Command, 2nd Brigade, Legions; Commander-in-Chief, Polish Army in France, 1917-8; Com¬ mand, Volunteer Army, 1920; Chief Command, Northern Front, 1920; retired, 1926; 64, 72, 87, 89, 93, 123, 150, 155, 160, 241, 318 Haller, General Stanislas (1872- ), officer, Austrian Army; joined Polish Army, 1918; Chief of Staff, 1923—6; retired, 1926; 155, 254 Harley, 72 Harriman, 328 Hatzfelt, Prince, 58 Helsingfors, 137, 286 Henderson, Arthur, 415 Henrys, General, 140 Hergt, 338, 339 Herriot, 270, 277, 278, 279 Hersent, 275 Heydekrug, 248 Hindenburg, Marshal, 56, 60; President, Germany, 297, 361, з87> 47 Hitler, Hitlerite, 13, 403 Holland, 308, 342 Holowko, Thaddeus {1892-1931), journalist; served in Pilsudski s Legions; im¬ prisoned by Germans, 1917; Chief, Eastern section, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1926; deputy, Seym, 1930; a leader of the Government Block and a strong advocate of a good understanding with the National Minorities, particularly with the Ukrainians in Eastern Galicia; 420 Holz, 290 Hoover, President, United States, 71, 115, 11G; 377, 417, 418, 421 Horodło, Treaty of, 219 Horyn, The, 147 House, Colonel, 106 Howard, 118 Hramada, 339 Hull, 363 Humanité, 159 Hungary, 211, 375, 386, 397 Hymans, Г84, 199—200, 207 Hythe, 159 Independentists, 44, 45, 50, 56, 63, 113 Information, 164 Inter-Allied Commission, to Poland, ir8, 121; to Germany, 337 International, Second, The, 34; Third International, 267 Ishii, 204 Italy, Italians, 67, 124, 194, 196, 288, 308, 357, 395, 396 Iwanows κι, George (1878- ), in Iz(s)volsky, 68, 78 Jablonkow(ff), 116 Jagellón, 93 Janicki, Stanislas (1872- ), agriculturist and economist; Minister of Agricul¬ ture, 1918, 1919, 1924; nt Janiszewski, Thomas (1865- ), doctor; Minister, Public Health, 1919; ixo Japan, 38-9, 124, 288 Jaronski, 51, 54 INDEX 435 Jastrzembski, Sigismond (1874—1925}, financier; director of Shanghai bank; returned to Poland, 1921; Minister, Finance, 1922—3; 232, 234, 238, 244, 246 Jaworski, Leopold (1865—1930), politician ; member, Austrian Reichsrat; President, Supreme National Committee, 1914— 7, supporting Pilsudski s Legions; Professor, Cracow; 34, 43, 45, 50, 73, 74, 75 jAW(v)ORZYNA, 212, 239, 266 Jews in Poland, 107, 114, 119, 120, 126, 158, 212, 218, 290-1, 293, 307, 353, 401 Joffe, 172, 182 Jonescu, Take, 179 Journal des Débats, 222, 249 JozEWSKi, Henry (1892— ), Governor of Volhynia, 1926—9, and since 1930; Minister, Interior, 1930; 399 JUSSERAND, 154 Kakowski, Cardinal Alexander (1862- ), Archbp., Warsaw, 1913; member, Regency Council, 1917-8; Cardinal, 1918; 86, 103 Kalisz, 244 Kameneff, 159 Kaniow(ff), Battle of, 89 Karakhan, 202 Karwina, ri6 Kasprzcyki, General Thaddeus (1892- ), officer, Pilsudski s Legions, 1914-8; general ; 63 Katowice (Kattowitz), 204, 208, 235 Kellogg—Briand Pact, see Briand Kemmerer, Dr. Edwin W., 16, 301, 305 Kerenskv, 83, 215 Kernan, 118 Kessler, Count, 100 Kharkoff University, 36 Kieff, Government and city, 121, 131, 143, 144» 47 Kielce, 47, 53 KiERBEDZ Bridge, 316 Klarner, Czeslas (1872- ), economist; Vice-Minister, Finance, 1924-5; Ministry of Industry and Commerce, 1925; Minister, Finance, 1926; 325, 326 Klochowicz, Anna, 17 KOLCHAK ОГ KOLTCHAK, IO2, 138 Königsberg, 123, 27s, 290, 337, 338, 356, 360. Conferences, 356, 361 Königsberger Allgemeine Zeitting, 398 Königshütte, 208 . KoRFAKTY, Adalbert (1873- ), politician; member, Prussian Diet, 1:902-8; German Reichstag, 2903-11; deputy, Seym, 1919-30; Minister without portfolio, 1923; senator, 1930; since 1926 Leader of Opposition, Upper Silesia; 108, 113, 195, 199, 206, 233, 234. 251, 256, 315, 400, 402 Kosciuszko, Polish national hero, 44, 45 Kosciuszko, Army of, 85 Kov(w)el, 167 KOVERDA, 340 KovNO (Kaunas), 200, 224-5, 345, 35s Kresy, The, or Eastern Borderlands, 30, 98, 100, 102, 115, 121, 129, 131, 133, 142, 168, 176, 182, 183-4, 267, 269, 284, 288, 304, 389 Kryzanowski, 60 Kucharski, Ladislas, 255 . j r> Kucharzewski, John (1876- ), historian; Prime Minister under Regency Council, 1917-8; 86, 87, 90, 95, 255 . . R Kühn, Alphonse (1879- ), Minister, Communications, since 1928, 35» Кик, General von, 64, 74, 77г 86 K ur j er Polski, 255 K urj er Poranny, 53, 315, 316 Kurjer Poznanski, 320 KíJSTRIN, 337, 338 „ KuTRZEBA, Stanislas (1876- ), historian; Professor, Cracow; 123 .,,_,_,., Kwiatkowski (pronounced Kfiatkofski), Eugene (1888- ), member ^{sudski s Legions, 1914-8; Professor, Warsaw Polytechnic; Minister, Industry and Commerce, 1926-30; 17, 325, 327» 333, 384, 402 Landwarow-Kaisiadoris Railway, 422 Lansing, 94 4з6 POLAND 1914-1931 Latvia, Latvians, ioi, 136-7, 15г, 170, 2i2, 322, 226, 239, 279, 286, 366, 377? 393» 397, 422 Law, Bonar, 67, 216 League of Nations, 125, 152, 171, i74, i8l> i84, 99, 203, 204, 206-8, 211, 248-9, 265, 268, 273, 278, 286, 288, 307-8, 333-4, 344-5, 361, З68, 370, 375, 386, 393, 403, 407, 408-9, 414-5, 419-21 .,,..... <,- Leacue of the Polish State {Liga Państwowości Polskiej), 66—7, 75 Lednicki, Alexander (1866- ), lawyer; member, Duma, 1906; during World War, President, Union of Polish Associations, Russia, 1917, 7^, 79 Legion of Women, 150 Legions, Polish, 48, 49, 50, 54, 62, 63, 64, 65, 76, 80, 98, ібг. Congresses of Legionaries, 255, 276, 360 Lenin, 86, 138 Lida, 102, 129, 169 Linde, Hubert (1869-1926), economist; Minister, Posts, 1919; President, Savings Banks, 1923—6; Minister, Finance, 1923; in, 255, 258 LlPINSKI, 65 LlSSINGEN, 73 Litanie des Pèlerins polonais, 47 Lithuania, Lithuanians, ii, 14, 98, ιοί, ізі, i3°, 37> ΐ39» 151» Σ54, 167, i68 , іб9, І7О, τγΐ, 172, 176, 182, 183, 199-200, 2i2, 217, 2i8, 2ΐ9· 220, 22ΐ, 239» 247~9> 2Ó6-7, 271, 272, 279» з86, 288, 295, 337, 345-6, 35^-8, з64, Збб , 382-4, 4»9 Little Entente, The, 176, 179, 181, 211, 212, 222, 225, 238, 247, 310, 357, 375. 386, 397, 414 Little Entente, The, 13 Litva ks, 119 Litvi NOFF, Litvinofť Protocol, 366—7 Loans to Poland, internal loans, 13, 250, 264, 265, 285, 297, 342-3, 413 Locarno Conference, 277, 282, 293, 294—5, 307, 308, 312 Lodz, 30, 37, 54, 115, 213, 379 Lodz, Battle of, 83 T / V It· ТЭ Tf? О О ft London, 38, 71, 196, 225, 325· 363 > passim. London Conferences, 196, 216 Longhena, 118 Lord,xi8 Lowczowek, 54 Lublin, 17, 64, 75; passim. Lublin s People s Republic, 96, 103 Lublin, Treaty of, 219 Lubomirski, Prince Zdislas (1863— ), Mayor, Warsaw, 1915—7; member, Regency Council, 1917— 8; senator, 1928; President, Foreign Affairs Com¬ mission, Senate; 86, 96 Lucerne, 165 Luck, 131, 167 Ludendorff, General, 70, 74, 88, 91 Lugano Conference, 295, 363 Luniniec, 170 Lutoslawski, Casimir (1880—1924), Papal prelate; deputy, Seym, 1919-24; a National Democrat leader, 186 Lvoff, Prince, 129 Lwow, 42, 44, 48, 54, 55, 98, 100-1, 119, 127, 128, 151, 247, 329, 255, 325, 379 McDonnell, 285 Mackensen, Marshal, 60, 6r, 416 Madeira, 405 Madgearu, 376 Madrid, 375 Magdeburg, 9, 81, 86, 96, 99, 100, 107, 321, 415 Maklakoff, 55 Makowski, Wenceslas (1880- ), lawyer; Minister, Justice, 1918; 1922; 1923; 1926; 232, 367 Malachowski, Count Stanislas, statesman; Marshal or Speaker of the Four Years Seym, 1788-91, and one of the creators of the 3rd of May Consti¬ tution; 193 Malczewski, General Julius (1872- ), served in Austrian Army; Minister, War, 1926; retired; 315 Małkin, 149 INDEX 437 Manœuvre libératrice du Marechal Pilsudski contre les Bolcheviks août 1920, 16, 157, 164 Marie, Queen of Rumania, 255 Marienwerder (Kwidzyn), 122, 124, 153 Masaryk, President, 84, 89, 134, 154, 310 Matin, 289, 323 Matsuda, 250 Matuszewski (pronounced MaŁoos heŕs fei), Ignatius (1891— ), soldier and politician; Colonel, General Staff; Military attaché, Rome, 1925; Head of Administrative Department, Foreign Affairs, 1926; Minister, Budapest, 1927; Acting Minister, Finance, 1939—31; 373, 378, 384, 404, 416 Max of Baden, Prince, 95 May Revolution (Pilsudski s coup ď état), 12, 15; 3x6 ff.; 330, 336, 347; see Pilsudski, Marshal Joseph Meierovics, 279 Memel, Memelland, 247—9, 266, 295 Messager Polonais, 17 Meysztowicz, Alexander, before World War member, Russian Imperial Council; President, Land Bank; President, Central Lithuania; Minister, Justice, 1926; 51, 207, 217 Michaelis de Henning, Eugene, 83, 89 Michalskí George (1870- ), economist; Minister, Finance, 1921-2; deputy, Seym, 1922; Professor, Warsaw; 206, 213, 214, 215, 220, 221, 224, 229, 232, 233, 234, 284, 285 Mickiewicz, 47, 281 Miechow(ff), 47 Miedzy Wisla a W kra, 16, 161 MlERZANOVO, 325 Milan, 265 Millerand, 151, I54, 59, 178 MiLYUKOFF, 79 MlNKIEWICZ, III MlNORESCU, 382, 405 Minorities (general), National, 119, 126, 365, 370; passim Minorities, Polish National, 14, 15, 114, 119, 208, 212, 232, 238, 239, 240, 242, 251, 252, 253, 265, 371, 273, 275, 353. 364, З70, 378, 383» 384, 401, 408-9 Minorities Treaty, Polish National, 126-7, хді, 2о8, 266, 268-73, 292, 409 Minsk, 83, 132, 543, 152, 169, 170, 183 mlrkine-guetzêvitch, 1 6 Mittel Europa, 414 Mlynárski, Felix (1884— ), economist and sociologist; Vice-President, Bank of Poland, 1924—9; member, Financial Commission, League of Nations, 1928; 17, 297-8 Modlin (Novo Georgievsk), 155, xbt mohileff, 121, 2 88 molodeczno, i46 Montagna, 118 Moraczewski (pronounced Morachefski), Andrew (1870- ), railway engineer; member, Reichsrat, 1907-18; officer, Pilsudski s Legions, 1914-8; Prune Minister and Railways Minister, 1918-9; deputy, Seym, since 1919; Minister, Public Works, 1925-6, 1926-8; Socialist supporting Pilsudski; 104, no, 114 Morawski, Casimir (1852-1925), scholar; Professor, Cracow; President, Polish Academy of Sciences, 1918-25; author, philological works; 244 MORGENTHAU, 12 7 „ . -, * τι ι 1 Moscicki (pronounced Mosshitski), Ignatius (1867- ), third President of Poland, 1926- ; 12, 324, 333, 335, 354, 373, 38г, 382, 385, 3QO, 391, 392, 399, 4θο Moscow, 82, 89, 129; passim. Moscow Conference, Baltic btates, 239 Mozyrz, 17 Muller, 387 Muravi EFF, 36 Murman Coast, 89 My Life : the Rise and Fall of a Dictator, 88, 142 Mysli Nowoczesnego Polaka (Ideas of a Modern Pole), 39 My War Memoirs, 84 Nancy, 92 Napoleon, 70, 252 Narkw(ff), 161, 16г 4з8 POLAND 1914-1931 Narutowicz (pronounced Narootovitch), Gabriel (1865-1922), first President of Poland, 1922; Professor, Zurich Polytechnic, 1908-20; Minister, Public Works, 1920; Foreign Minister, 1922; elected President, December 9, ana assassinated December 16, 1922; 11, 147, 54. 206, 220, 225, 232, 234· 239, 242-3, 244, 255, 321 National Alliance, 45 National Assembly, 242, 244, 321, 323-67 National Christian Party, 113, 302; passim National Democrats, 10, 11, 12, 34, 38, 39, ąi, 44, 48, 52, 105, пз, Ш, 14і» 142, 145, 148, І5О, і86, 19З, 2oi, 205, 221, 232, 299, З02, 30У, 35, З2», ЗЗ2, ЗЗб, 342, 344, 35О, 353, Зб8, 378, З8о, 38í, 3^3, 39°, 392, аої, 4°4, 4 National Economic Bank {Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego), 204-5, 372 National Exhibition, Poznan, 13, 376-7 National League, 34 National Workers (Labour) Party, 232, 303 Neuilly, Treaty of, 181 Newton, 85 New York, 342 Niagara, 85; Fort Niagara, 85 Nicholas, Grand Duke, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60, 70 Niedzialkowski, Miecislas (1893- ), deputy, Seym; leader, Radical Opposi¬ tion, Seym; editor, Robotnik; member, Executive, and International; ΣΙΖ, 192, 384 Niemcy, Rosja a kwestja polska, 42 Niemen, The, 129, 149, 163, 169, 170, 266, 267, 295, 422 Niemen, Battle of the, 168-9 Niessel, 118 Nieśwież, 335, 336 NiEwiADOMSKi, EHsha (1S69-1923), painter and journalist; assassinated Presi¬ dent Narutowicz, was tried, condemned, and shot January 31, 1923; 243 Non-Party Block of Co-operation with the Government, see Government Block noułens, i18 Novak, 377 nov(w)ogrodek, 129, 169, i83, 27 1 , 272 Nowak, Julius I. (1865- ), Professor, Cracow; Prime Minister, 1922; senator, 1922; 234,237,239 Observations, German Delegation, Paris, 1919, 14, 124 Odessa, 131 Oppeln, 117, 121, 134, 153 Optants, Polish or German, 292, 309, 368 Organizacja Bojowa, 40 Orlando, 91 Orsza, 17 OsiNSKi, Alexander (1870— ), served in Russian Army; joined Polish Army, 1917; Inspector-General, Infantry, 1919; Chief of Army Administration; Chief Inspector, Military Instruction; 253, 254 Ostrow(ff), 81, 422 Ostrowski, Joseph {1850—1923), a leader of the Realist Party before World War; member, Regency Council, 1917— 8; 86 Otchiai, 118 Otwock, 63 Paderevvski, Ignatius John (1878- ), statesman and musician; Prime Minis¬ ter, 19Г9; 10, 57, 58, 82, 84, 85, 93, 107-10, 114, 115, 123, 125, 126, 127, 132, 134-5, 153, 174, 241, 244 Painlevé, 82, 270 Pamiętniki, 43 Paris, io, 39, 46, 82, 84, 88, 92, 93, 105, 106, 119, 120, 122, 132, 134, гуу, 204, 225, 270; passim Paris Peace Conference, το, 14,94, tos, 106, πι, 123-7, 132 Paris Polish-Danzig Convention, 174 Paris Upper Silesia Convention, 204 Paskevitch, 155 Passivists, 10, 33, 113 INDEX 439 Pastoral, Polish Episcopate, 349-50 Patek, Stanislas (1866- ), lawyer, before World War prominent in political trials, Warsaw; Foreign Minister, 1920-1; Minister, Tokyo, 1922; Minister. Moscow, 1925; 140, 142, 147,341,418 Peasant Parties, (a) Piast, sometimes called Populist; led by Witos; moderate —Centre rather than Left; n, 113, 114, 239, 302, 315; passim: (b) Wyzwo¬ lenie (Deliverance); also called Populist; led for some years by Thugutt; Radical — Left; H4, 185, 232, 239, 280, 302, 315; passim; (c) Independent — small group People s Inbependekt Party, 302 Persia, 291 Péta in, Marshal, 178 Petlura (assassinated 1926), ιοί, 144 Petrograd, 37, бо, бі, 76, ι ^7 Pewny, 407 Philadelphia, 45 Phipps, Sir Eric, 250 Piast, 93, 113 Pichón, 92 Pierwsza Brygada, 316 PiLSUDSKA, Maria, mother of the Marshal, 35-6 PiLSUDSKi, John, brother of the Marshal; Chief, Appeal Court, Vilna; deputy, Seym, 1928; Finance Minister, 1931; 367, 391, 416, 421 PiLSUDSKi, Joseph, father of the Marshal, 35 PiLSUDSKi, Marshal Joseph (1867- ), 9, 10, xi, 12, 13, 15, 16; birth and early years, 34-5; Siberia, 36; first political moves, 37-9, 40-1; hostile to Russia, 42-3, 44-5; his Riflemen, 46; takes Kielce, 47-8; forms organizations, 49, 53 54Î denounces Germany, 62—4; the two Io3ralties, 65-6, 68; resigns Legion leadership, 72—4, 76; head of State Council s Military Commission, 77, and resigns post and membership of Council, 80; instructs Legions not to take oath to Central Powers and is arrested, 81, 86; released, 96; takes over from Regency Council, 96; Chief of the State and Commander-in-Chief — his problems, 97—105; creates Polish Army, 98—9, 102; Cabinet-making, 103—4; summons Constituent Seym, 104; action re National Committee, Paris, 106—7; foils a plot, 110; collaborates with Paderewski, no; is confirmed, though somewhat ironically, by Seym in his offices, 114; fights the Bolsheviks, 128; takes Vilna, 129—30; occupies Eastern Galicia, 130— χ; cold to Paderewski, 134—5; becomes Marshal of Poland, 141; again attacks Soviet, 143; his campaign in Ukraine, 143-4; Kieff occupied, 144; acclaimed in Warsaw, 145; Ukraine campaign fails, 145, 146-7, and his plans in the North mis¬ carry, Γ49; 150; vote of confidence in him, 155; his great plan, 155, 156—7, 158; 160; wins Battle of Warsaw, 161—2; pursues Bolsheviks, 163; successful offensive in the North and South, 167, with smashing victories in Battles of the Niemen and Szczara, 168—71; Vilna occupied, 170, 172; increased prestige, 175; visits France, 177—8; differences with Skirmunt, 202—3; 206, 219, 220, 234; forces crisis with Seym, 229-43; speech at Katowice, 235; visits Rumania, 236—7; 239, 240; opens second Seym, 241; 242, 243, 244, 252; resigns from Army, 253—5; 255; in retirement, 276-7; 288; opposes Sikorski, 299—300, 302, 305—6; intervenes — the coup ď état t 315—9; Minister of War, 320; elected President of Poland, but declines, 321—4; 326, 328; obtains the High Command, 330; 331; Prime Minister, Minister of War, 332~з; 335, ЗЗ6, 337, 339, З41, З42, 345-6, 347, З48, 349, 35°, 351 ; scores in General Election, 1928, 352, but has no majority in the Seym, 353 ; 354, 355; resigns Premiership, 358, and explains reasons, 359-6°; at Vilna, 360; 367, 368, 369, 371, 372, 373, 374, 378, 379, 380-2, 383, 384, 385, 386, 388, 389, 391, 393, 393, 397, 398; Prime Minister again, 399, 400; Poland for Pilsudski in General Election, 1930, 401-2 ; holiday in Madeira, 404-5, 4125415 Piltz, Erasmus (1851—1929), politician, diplomatist and journalist; member, National Committee, Paris, 1917-9, and represented it with French Govern¬ ment; Minister, Belgrade and Prague; retired 1923; 84, 211 Pinsk, 102, 127, 167, 169, 170 Pittsburg, 85 Pius XI (Cardinal Ratti), Nuncio, Warsaw, 1919-20; 160, 286, 287 Plock, 163 PODOLIA, 87, 121 POINCARÉ, 82, 92, 216, 25O, 277, 278 Poland: (a) Austrian Poland, 27, 30, 31, 32, 42, 44, 49, 5o, 81, 119 (6) German Poland, 27, 3°, 31, 32, 6g> 75, 79, 9#, <>9 (c) Russian Poland, 27, 30, 31, 32, 36, 45, 49, 5, 68, 72, 78, 79, 81, 119 44O POLAND 1914-1931 Poland: (d) Congress Poland, 27, 4г, 49, 55, 57, бі, б2, 6ą, 66, 72, 74, 9і» (e) Austro-Germán Kingdom, 60—96 (f) New Polish Republic, from November, 1918, 97 ff. Poland, 17 Poland, Constitution of, sec Constitution Poland, Old and New, 16 Polesia, 182, 183, 271 Polish Affairs, Committee on, Peace Conference, 118, 120, 121, 123, 125 Polish Alliance with France, see Franco-Polish Alliance Polish Alliance with Rumania, 11, 15, 176, 179-81, 236-7, 247, 3o6~7> 4°5 Polish Army, see also Legions, 67, 73, 74, 76, 78, 79, 80, 90, 99, 102, 122, i39> 141, 150, 159, 212, 252, 276, 326, 330 Polish Army in. France, The, 82, 84, 92—4, 99, 105, 122 Polish Auxiliary Corps (Polnische НШѕкогрѕ), 7з, So, 81, 87 Polish Central Relief Committee, U.S.A., 57 Polish Council of the Ukion of Parties, 82 Polish Economist, 17, 297 Polish History, Outlines of, 16 Polish Information Committee, 71 Polish League, 34 Polish Liaison Committee, 118 Polish Military Organization, 50, 63, 81, 99 Polish National Organization, 49 Polish News, 72 Polish Parliament, see National Assembly, Senate, Seym Polish Parties, і і 3-4. See Activists, Ententophils, Passivists, etc. Polish Question, The, 16, 28, 29, 44, 53, 59, 66, 67, 69, 76, 79, 87 Polish-Russian Commission, 60 Polish State Land Bank (Państwowy Bank Rolny), 264, 355, 356, 37г Polish State Loan Bank, 260, 262 Polish Territorial Land Fund, 215 Polityka Polska, 7b, 123 Polnische Wehrmacht, 81, 99 Pologne, La, 16 Pologne, La, magazine, 17 Pologne restaurée, La, 16 Polonia, Risurrezione della 16 Pomerania (Pomorze), 120, 121, 125, 141, 212, 250, 338, 350, 387, 409, 410. See also Corridor. PoNiATowsKi Bridge, 316, 317 PoNiATOWSKi, Marshal Prince Joseph (1762-1813), 48, 252 PoNiKowsKi, Anthony (1878— ), politician; Professor, Warsaw Polytechnic, 1916; Prime Minister, 1918, and 1921-2; Minister, Education, 1922; 86, 206, 209, 220, 221, 223, 224, 228-31, 238, 400 Populist, term used by several Polish parties, rather loosely, 66, 103, 109, 114, 140; passim. See also Peasant parties. The National Democrats call them¬ selves National Populist party Post Office Savi nos Bank, 365 Potulicki, 16 Poznan (Posen), 13, 54, 58, 108, 109, 158, 213, 318, 320, 321, 376 Poznania, 108, πι, ΐΐ2, 115, izo, 121, 125, 197, 213, 223, 320, 387, 4«8 Praga, Warsaw, 160, 36 Prague, sii, 281, 310 PRIPET, Pripet Marshes, 143, 149, 168, 170 Problems of Central and Eastern Europe, 84 Proszynski, Casimir, prominent pedagogue; organized Polish national educa¬ tion; 71 pruchník, iii Prussia, 29, 32, 139, 387 Prussia, Diet of, io8, in, 112 Prussia, East, see East Prussia, West Prussia and Pomerania Pra stor, Colonel Alexander (1875- ), former revolutionary Socialist; exiled, Siberia, and liberated by Russian Revolution; Lieut.-Colonel, General Stan ; Chief of Zeligowski s army, 1920; Minister, Labour, 1929—30; Minister, Trade and Industry; Prime Minister, 1931 ; 348, 389—90, 402, 416, 421 Przanowski, Stephen (1876- ), politician; Minister, Food, 1918; Minister, Commerce and Industry, 1920-1; 232 Przbylski, Captain, 16 Przedświt, 38 INDEX 441 Przegląd Wieczorny (The Evening Review), 316 Przegląd Wszechpolski, 39 Przemysł (pronounced Pshemysl), 55, ιοί Przesmycki, Zenon (1861- ), poet; Minister, Arts and Culture, 1919 PüciuLSKi, General, Austrian officer, in nominal command, Pilsudski s Legions; 65, 73 ; Pułaski, General Count Casimir ; fought in American War of Independence ; 45, 48 Puławy, 161 Puławy Legio.v, 54, 83 Pułtusk, 157 Question polonaise pendant la guerre mondiale , 16 Quiñones σ>ε Leon, 364 ÇjUIRIELLIÍ, Pierre de, 222 Quo Vadis? 281 Rada Narodowa, 44 Rada Obrony Państwa (Council for Defence of the State), 149-50 Radcliffe, Sir Percy, 154 Radom, $д8 Radziwiłł, Prince Ferdinand, 112 Radziwiłł, Prince Janus (1880- ), Director, State Department, 1917-9; deputy, Seym, 1928; President, Seym Commission, Foreign Affairs; 95, 335, 367, 410 Radziwiłł, Prince Stanislas, 335 Radzymin, 160 Rajchman , 71 Rapallo, Soviet-German Treaty of, 217, 325, 227, 279, 3ft, 418 Rataj (pronounced Ratay), Matthias (1884- ), politician; member, Piast Party, 1919; deputy, Seym; Minister, Education, 1920— r ; Marshal or Speaker of Seym, 1922-8; Acting President of Poland, 1922 and 1926; 241, 243, 299, 319, 320, 321, 323, 326, 344, 355 Ratajczak, 109 Ratti, see Pius XI Realists, 33, 52 Regency Council, Regents, 86, 88, 90, 92, 95, 96, 97> 103 Reichsbank, 215 Reichsrat, Austrian, 30, 32, 80, 87, 103, 113; German, 387 Reichstag, 30, 68, 113, 209, 228, 387, 398, 403 Relief Funds for Poland, 57 Rembertow(ff) Military Camp, 235, 316 Reparations, 196, 226; Dawes PJan, 216, 277-8, 287; Young Plan, 38-, З86, 387 Reply, Allies, to Germany, 14 Report on Financial Conditions in Poland, 258 Reports, Bank of Poland, National Economic Bank, Dewey, 17 Reval, 26 Rewizja Konstytucji, 185 Reymont, 281—2 Rhineland, 361 RiBOT, 82 Riga, 170, 172; Peace Conference, 172; Treaty, 182-3, 184, 1S5, 226, 227, 249, 269, 293 Risurrezione della Polonia, 16, 160 -о Robotnik, Pilsudski s, 37, 38, 244; daily Socialist organ, Warsaw, since 191», Roja, Generai Boleslas; command, 3rd Brigade, Legions; deputy, Seym, 1927-8; member, Radical Peasant Party, 72, 101 Rok 1863 (The Year 1863), 37, 57 Rok Г920 (The Year 1920), 136, 156, 276 Rome, 84, 91, 288, 357, 395; for Holy See, see Vatican Rome, Congress of Oppressed Nationalities, 91 Rond, General Le, 199, 235 RoNiKiEK, 95 Rov(w)no, 131» 167 , __. ,, лж. j - RozwADowsKi, General Thaddeus (1866-1928), before World War served m Austrian Army; joined Polish Army as first Chief, General Staff, 1918; head, Military Mission, Paris, 1919; Chief, General Staff, 1920; Inspector, 2nd Army, 1921; Inspector, Cavalry, 1922; dismissed, 1926; 155, 156, 164, 317 RUHRORT, I96 442 POLAND 1914^-1931 Ruhr, 196, 216, 249, 277 Rumania, Rumanians, xi, 15, 128, 131, 176, 179-81; 217. 225, 236-7, 247, 300-/» 362, 366, 382, 405, 409. See also Polish Alliance with Rumania Rummel, Julius, a creator of Gdynia, 250 Russia, Imperial Council, see Council of the Russian Empire Russian Political Conference, 129, 137 Russian Revolutions, 1905. 40; τ9ϊ7, 78, 8з, 8б, 88 Russia, Soviet, The Soviet, Bolsheviks, Reds, ii, 15, 86, 87, 88, 89, 100, 101, 102, in, 115, 127, 128, 136, 137, 138, 141-4» 145, 148, 149, 150» 5ΐ> Ϊ52, 153, 156-72, X76, 2Ο2, 222, 225, 226, 227, 249, 2б7, 269, 271, 272, 292, Зіі, 312, 34O-I, 357, Зб6, 395, 418-9 Russia, Tsarist, 9, 27, 40-2, 50, 51, 52, 76, 78, «2, 126 RussoPHiLs, 44-5, 50» 53, 54» 56, 60, 63, 113 Ruthenians, Polish name for Ukrainians, q,v. Rybárski, Roman (1887- ), economist; Professor, Warsaw; Under-Secretary, Treasury, 1919; deputy, Seym, and leader of Nationalist Opposition, 1928; 384, 400 Rydz-Smigly, General Edward (1886- ), officer, Pilsudski s Legions, 1914-0; Chief, Polish Military Organization, 1917-8; command, 2nd Army, Battle of Warsaw, 1920; Inspector, Army, 1922; 99, 129, 146, 318, 398 Rzeczpospolita (The Republic), 315 Sahm, 174, 210, 369, 394, 395» 414; see Danzig St. Germain, Treaty of, 132, 414 San, The, 98 Sapieha, Archbishop Prince Adam (1867-- ), Bishop, 19Г2; Archbishop of Cracow, 1925; 58 Sapieha, Prince Eustace (1881- ), Minister, London, 1919-20; Foreign Minister, 1920-1; deputy, Seym, 1928-9; ior, no, Г47, 154, 158, 173, 179. 180, 194, 201 Sauerwein, 322 Savinkoff, 202 Sazonoff, 67, 70, 129, 137 Schacht, 374 Schneider-Creusot, 275, 413 Schober, 414, 419 Senate, Polish, 173, 186, 241, 304, 3 9, ЗЗ2, 341» 353, 354, 37, 4oi; passim Seyda, L., 95, 109 Seyda, Marian (1879— ), member, National Committee, Paris, 1917-9; deputy, Seym, 1919—30; Foreign Minister, 1923; senator, 1930; 106, 253, 256 Seym, Polish: (a) first or Constituent, 10, 111-2, 122, 126, 132, 133, 134, 138, 143» 145, 150. 173» I84. 192, 19З, 205, 209, 223, 224, 227, 228, 229-34; (б) second, 12, 13, 239-40, 241, 242, 244, 246, 257-65, 271, 282-5, 290, 293, 294, 296, 298-300. Зої, 302-4, 307, 308, 326-8, 336, 341, 342, 344; (c) third, 13, 354, 256, 362, 367, 368, 372-4, 38o-2, 383, 384> 388, 390, 399; (<) fourth, 13, 402, 404, 405-6, 407, 410, 412, 413, 421-3 Seymik, 237, 271 Seym, Upper Silesia, 236, 402—3 Seyny, 167, 169 Siberia, 36, 89 SlDZlKAUSKAS, 218 Siedlce, 162 Sienkiewicz, 57, 281 Si Korski, General Ladislas {1881- ), before World War organized Polish military associations; during the War, Chief, Military Department supplying Pilsudski s Legions; interned in Austria, 1918; command, 5th Army, Battle of Warsaw, 1920 ; Chief of Staff, 1921— 2 ; Prime Minister and Minister, Interior, 1922-3; Minister, War, 1924—5; retired, 1928; xi, 62, 160, 161, 223, 243, 245, 246-7, 249, 250, 252, 253, 276, 277, 288, 299, ЗОО, 306, 315, 317 Silesia, see Upper Silesia; German Silesia, 273; passim Silesia, Insurgents Union of, 408—9 Sinaia, 236, 397 Skierski, General Stephen, served in Russian Army; joined Polish Army, 1918; command, 4th Army, 1920; Inspector of Army; 162, 168 Skirmunt, Constantine (1866- ), member, Russian Imperial Council, 1909— 17; member, Polish National Committee, representing it at Rome, 1917— 19; Minister, Rome, 1919— 21; Foreign Minister, 1921—2; first delegate, Genoa Conference, 1922; delegate, League of Nations, 1923; Minister, 1922, and Ambassador, 1929, London; 84, 94, 200-2, 206, 211, 217, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 226-7, 232, 334, 266,267, 278 INDEX 443 Skladkowski, General Felician Slawoj- (1882- ), member, Pilsudski s Legions, 19x4—8; chief of Army Health Department, 1922—26; Governor, Warsaw, 1926; Minister, Interior, 1926-31; Inspector, Army, 1931; 333, 354» 399 Skoczow(ff), 117 Skrzynski (pronounced Skshinski), Count Alexander (1882-1931), in Austrian diplomatic service, 1910-4; Minister, Bucarest, 19x9—22; Foreign Minister, 1922—3, and 1924-5; Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, 1925-6; author, Poland and Peace —Eng. edition, X923; 12, 244, 249, 272, 273, 276, 277, 278, 279, 288, 289, 290, 292, 293, 294, 295, 297, 299, 300, 301, 302, 305, 306, 308, 3Г0, 3ГІ, 312-4, 320, 421 Skrzynski, Ladislas (1873- ), in Austrian diplomatic service, 1897-1918; Under-Secretary, Foreign Affairs, 1919; Minister, Madrid, 1919-21; Minister, 1921, and Ambassador, 1925, Vatican; 135 Skułski, Leopold (1877- ), deputy, Constituent Seym; Prime Minister, 1919—20; Minister, Interior, 1920—1 ; 140—1, 147, 154 Sla wjek (pronounced SJavek), Colonel Valerian (1879- ), former revolutionary Socialist; member, Legions, 1914— 7; imprisoned by the Germans, 1917; Lieut. - Colonel, Genera] Staff; deputy, Seym, and leader. Government Block, 1928—30; Prime Minister, 1930—1 ; leader, Government Block, since May, 1931 ; 348, 368, 369, 379, 380, 385, 391, 398, 399, 400, 402, 406, 415-6 Slezevicius, 337 Sliwinski, Arthur (1877— ), politician and historian; Prime Minister, 1922; 64, 232-3, 235 Slovakia, 211 Sluts к, 169 Smetona, 337, 357, 383 ÖMOGORZEWSKI, Casimir, author and historian, 16, and see Bibliography SoBANSKi, Count Ladislas {1877- ); Minister, Brussels, Madrid; 84, 93 Socialists, Polish, 32, 33-4» 36, 37, 109, 113, 114, 185, 232, 239, 302, 309, 311, 31З, 320, 328, ЗЗІ, 336, 341, 344, 352, 353, 380, 381, 383, 384, 389, 390 Sokal, Francis (1881— ), Minister, Labour, 1924—5; delegate, League of Nations since 1926; member, International Labour Office since 1924; 344 Soicolnicki, Michael (1880— }, historian and diplomatist; served in Legions, 19Г4— 8; Minister, Helsingfors, 1920—2; chief, Department Historical Studies, Foreign Office, 1926; Minister, Copenhagen, 1931; 62, 106 SONNINO, 94 SOSINSKI, ІГЗ SosNKOwsKi, General Casimir (1885— ), with Pilsudski organized Legions, Chief of Staff, Legions, 1914-6; interned with PiJsudski in Magdeburg, 1917-8; Minister, War, 1920-4; Inspector, Army, 1927; 42, 72, 81, 156, 164, 178, 206, 232, 234, 244, 357, 276 Soviet, see Russia Soviets in World Affairs, The, 159 Spa, 122, 151, 152-3 Spain, 204, 334 Spala, 316 Spisz and Orava, 117, 121, 134, 153 Stahlhelm, 408, 416—7 Stanislav(w)ov(w), 131, 237 Stecki, John (1871- * ), economist and politician; member, Duma; Minister, Agriculture; senator, 1922; author, works on economics; 86 Steczkowski, John K. (1862-1929), economist and politician; Director, Bank of Galicia, since 1913; Finance Minister, 1917; Prime Minister and Finance Minister, 1918; director, state railways, 1920; Finance Minister, 1920—1; President, National Economic Bank, 1922-7; 86, 90, 91, 92, 193, 205 Steed, H. Wickham, 94 Stettin, 123, 275 Stolpce, 272 Stolypin, 41 Strandman, 377, 393 Strasburger, Henry (1867— ), diplomatist and economist; Under-Secretary of State, 1918-24; Acting Minister, Commerce and Industry, 1918, 1921, 1922; Commissary-General for Poland in Danzig since 1924; 274, 285, 395, 414, 42O Stresemann, 338, 339, 365, 370, 375, 387 . Strokski, Stanislas (1882- ), journalist and politician; Professor, Cracow, 1910; member, Galician Diet; interned by the Austrians, 1914-7; 1920, editor, Rzeczpospolita, Warsaw; deputy, Seym, since 1922; 307, 410 Strzelec, 48 444 POLAND 1914-1931 Stuart Wortley, 59 SujKowsKi, Anthony (1S67- ), geographer; Professor, Commercial Academy, Warsaw; member, Polish delegation, Paris, 1919; Minister, Education, 1926; author, works on geography; 106 SULEJOWEK, 254, 276, 315 Supinski, Peon, in Supreme Council, Allies, 117, 121, 122, 123, 124, 127, 128, 131, 135, I51* 152-3, 184, 194, 207 Supreme National Committee (Naczelny Komitet Narodowy), 48, 49, 50, 53> 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 73, 77, 78 Supreme Polish Military Committee (Naczelny Polski Komitet Wojskowy), 83 Supreme Popular Council, Poznania, 108, πι Suv(w)alki, 167 Sweden, 225, 308, 342 Swedish Match Company, 413 Swienciany, 271 swiezynski, 96 Switalski, Casimir {1886- ), member, Pilsudski s Legions, 1914-8; deputy, Seym, 1928; Minister, Education, 1918; Prime Minister, 1929; Marshal, Seym, 1930; 358. 373, 37Ѕ, 380, 383, 385, 402 Switzerland, 57, 225, 342 Szczara, Battle of the, 168, 169—70 Szebeko, Ignatius {i860— ), lawyer and politician; member, Russian Imperial Council, 1909, 1912; Minister, Berlin, 1919-21; deputy, Seym, 1922; 203 Szept YCKi (pronounced Sheptitski), General Count Stanislas (1867— ), officer, Austrian Army; Austrian Military Attache with Russian Army in Manchuria, 1904—5; Major-General and Chief of Staff of 2nd Austrian Army Corps, 1914; Lieut.-Genera], in nominal command, Pilsudski s Legions, 1916; Minister, War, 1918 and 1923; retired, 1926; 73, 148, 154, 235, 254 Szlakiem I-ej Brygady, 65 Szymanski, Julius (1870- ), physician; Professor, Vilna; Marshal, Senate, 1928-30;355,391 T adema, Miss Alma, 59 Targowski, Joseph (1883— ), m diplomatic service, 1919-23; deputy, Seym, 1928—30; leader, Government Block, Senate, 19.31; 236 Tarnopol, 167, 237 Tarnowski, Count Adam, Austrian diplomat of Polish extraction; Minister, Sofia, 1912—7; appointed Ambassador to U.S.A., but never acted as such, as U.S.A. entered World War; 86 Temps, 289, 311, 419 Terms of Peace, Allies, to Germany, 124 Teschen (Cieszyn), 64, 79, 98, 116-7, 121, 134, 151, 152, 153 Tetmajer, Vladimir (1862—1923), painter; member, Austrian Reichsrat; a founder, Piast Peasant party; 80 Teutonic Knights, 125 Thomas, Albert, 69 Thorn (Torun), 125 Thugutt, Stanislas (1873— ), leader, Radical Peasant party; Minister, Interior, 1918— 9; deputy, Seym, and President, Radical Peasant Parliamentary Union Wyzwolenie, 1922—8; Vice-Premier without portfolio, 1924—5; 62, 64, 104, 114, 257, 270, 276, 279-81, 284, 285 Tibal, Professor André, 16 Times, The, 56, 58, 70, 178, 197, 207, 311, 352, 359, 365, 407, 417 Tisza, 49 Tokyo, 39 Tommasini, 16, 160 toretta, i18 Tower, 141 Trampczynski (pronounced Trompchinski), Adalbert (i860- ), lawyer and politician; deputy, Prussian Diet, 1910-8; deputy, Reichstag, 1912-8; Marshal, Constituent Seym, 1918-22; member, National Democrat party; Marshal, Senate, 1922-8; senator and leader Nationalist Opposition, Senate, from 1928; 109, 112, 193, 205, 229, 231, 235, 241, 320, 323, 400 Treaties, Important, made by Poland — with Czechoslovakia, 1925, 289; with France, 1921, 176^-9; with Germany, 1930, 388; with Rumania, 1921, 179- 83> 306-7, 405; with Soviet Russia, 1921, 182 Trembovla, 13 г INDEX 445 Trêves, 109 Trcviranus, 398, 416 Trianon, Treaty of, 181 Trotsky, 86, 87, 88, 138, Г42, 144, 145, 148, 149, 184 Truskawiec, 420 TuBELIS, 383 TuKiucHÈvsKV, 145-6, 148-9» !55, 157, ібо, ібі, ібз, ібб, іву, 168, ібд, 171, і8о, о,77 Turkey, 96, 180 Tyrrell, Lord (Sir William), 118 Udržal, 134 Ukraine, Ukrainians (Ruthenes), 55, 83, 9S, 100, 101, in, 120, 127, 128, 130, 131, 144-5, 147, 175) 183, 212, 237 , 251, 271, 307, 353, 401, 406-S, 415, 420 Ukrainian Military Organization, 406—7, 420 Ukrainian, People s Republic, Western (in Kastern Galicia), 98, 101, 131, 184 Ukrainian Republic (in Russian Ukraine), 87, юг, 120, 131, 182 Ukrainian Soviet Republic, 182, 184, 267 Ulitz, 365, 368, 371 Uniate Eastern Church, 237 United States, 57, 7j, 72, 79, 82, 93, 94, 108, 120, 199, 265, 282, 367 Upper Silesia, 11, 14, 12т, 124, i75, 189, 194-9, 203, 207-9, 2x2, 228, 235, 236, 239, 268, 272, 273, 287, 291, 312, 338, 345, 357, 361, 364-6, 371, 375, 3Š7, 394, 402-3, 408, 413, 415, 420-1 Valdemaras (Wolclemaras), 337, 345-6, 356, 357, 360, 364, 382 Vatican, 57, 222, 237, 287-8, 377 Vaughan, 59 Venizelos, 405 Verdun, 92, 178 Versailles, 91 Versailles, Treaty of, 109, 125, 126, 131, 141, 165, 174, 197, 198, 247, 249, 292, 309 Vevey, 57, 281 Vienna, 50, 6x, 68, 74, 281, 310 Vienna, Congress of, 27, 41 ViLiA, The, 130 Vilna and district; see also Central Lithuania; xx, 14, 35, 36, 102, 139, 148, J49, 151, 170, 182, 183, 184, 199-200, 206-7, 212, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 226, 249, 271, 272, 357, 360 Vistula, The, 155, 156, 161, 162; passtm Vistula, The March to the, 276 Vistula, Miracle of the: the Battle of Warsaw, g.v. Also called the Battle of the Vistula Vitebsk, 121 VlVIANI, 69 Vladivostok, 90 VoiKOFF, 340 VOLHYNIA, 65, 87, ΙΟΙ, 121, 183, 271 Volksbund, 364, 365, 366, 368 Volunteer Army, 150 Walka rewolucyjna m zaborze rosyjskim (Revolutionary Struggle in Russian Poland), 36 War Memoirs, My, 84 Warmia, 120, 121 Warsaw, 14, 37, 38, 50, 54, 55, 60, 61, 70, 73, 86, 96, 97, 98, 109, 110, in, 119, 132, 134, 145, 147, 149, 152, 157, 158, 160, 162, 163, 164, 180, 194, 213, 215, 222, 233, 239, 249, 252, 310, 315, 316, 32г, 358, з66, 395, 397, 4О5 Warsaw, Battle of, 11, 161—3, 164—6 Warsaw, Grand Duchy of, 27 Warsaw, University of, 67 Washington, 59 Wasilewski, Leon {1870— ), journalist and politician; edited Polish Socialist publications, London; Foreign Minister, 1918-9; Minister, Estonia, 1920; chairman, Polish-Soviet Frontiers Commission, 1921-4; author, many ethnographic and historical works; 104, 172 446 POLAND 1914-1931 Westerplatte, 273 West Prussia, 120, rzx, τ 35, 147, iç7 Wembley, 376 Weygand, General, 154, i55> *5б, 164, 165, іб8, 178 White Russia, White Russians, 100, 101, 130, 172, 173» l83> 212, 227, 251, 27г, ЗО2, ЗО7, 353, 4°i White Russian Soviet Republic, 182, 227, 267, 329 Wiart, Carton de, 118 WiELowiEYSKi, Joseph {1879- ), diplomatist; member, National Committee, Paris, 1917— 9; Minister, Bucarest, 1925-7; senator, 1931; 84, 106 Wieniavva-Dlugoszewski, Colonel Boleslas (1875- ), personal A.D.C, to Pilsudski, 1914—22; Command, Cavalry Division; 63 Wieprz (pronounced Vepsh), The, 156, ібо, 161 Wilanow(ff), 319 William II, German Emperor, 86, 91; Ex-Crown Prince, 416 Williamstown Institute, 293 Wilson, President Woodrow, 59, 72, 79, 88, 105, 108, ii8, 124, 125, 197 Wirth, Dr. Karl, 209, 228 Witenberg, J. C, 72 Witos (pronounced Vitos), Vincent (1874- ), peasant leader and statesman; member, Galician Diet, 1908-14; member, Reichsrat, 1914-8; founder and President, Moderate Peasant Party, Piast; deputy, Seym, since гдгд; Prime Minister, 1920, Σ923. and 1926; ir, 12, 103, 112, 114, 147, 154, 158, 19З, 194, 205, 220, 232, 233, 251, 253-4, 255-6, 257, 259, 314, 350, 353> 399 Wkra, The, 160 Wojciechowski (pronounced Voychekhofski), Stanislas (1852— ), second President of Poland; a founder of Polish Socialist Party; compelled to emigrate to England, became interested in the Co-operative movement, and on his return headed similar movement in Poland, 1906—25; Professor, Commercial Academy, Warsaw; Minister, Interior, 1919—20; elected President of Poland, December, 1922 ; resigned, May 1926; 11, 12, 37, 82, 83, no, 140, 242, 244-5, 249, 250, 251, 253, 257, 281, 293, 298, 299, 300 WoLKOWYSK, 169 World Depression, The, 379, 404, 421, 422, 423 World Revolution, The, 11, 138, 148, 168, 293 World War, Great War, 9, 27, 29, 35, 47, 95, 96 Wrangel, General, 142 Wroblewski, Ladislas (1875— ), economist; Undcr-Secretary of State, 1918— 21 ; Minister, London, 1921— 2; Minister, Washington, 1922-4; President, Bank of Poland, since 1929; 96 Wroczynski, John (1876- ), a director of War Office, 1918—9; Chief of Army Inspection, 1920; retired 1921; n 1 Year 1863, The, and The Year 1920, see Rok 1863, Rok 1920 Yecoroff, 166 yoshizawa, 409, 415 Young Plan, see Reparations Young, Sir Hilton E., 16, 256, 258-9 Yudenitch, 102, 137, 138 Yugoslavia, Yugoslavs, 84, 176 Zakopane, 46 Zaleski, August (1883— ), statesman and diplomatist; during ¥orld War, President, Polish Democratic Committee, London; Charge d Affaires, Berne, 1918; Minister, Athens, 1920; Minister, Rome, 1922; Foreign Minister since 1926; senator, 1928; 15, 71, 72, 94, 221, 320, 326, 333, 334, 337, 338, 345, 346, 356, 357, 360, 361, 363, 364, 366, 367, 368, 370, 373, 374, 375, 382, 383, 393, 395, 402, 405, 416, 420, 422 Zamosc, 166 Zamoyski, Count Maurice (1871- ), diplomatist and politician; member, Duma, 1906; member, National Committee, Paris, 1917— 9; Minister, Paris, 1919-24; Foreign Minister, 1924; retired, 1925; 84, 93, 242, 250, 257, 272, 276, 279 Zaunius, 383 Zbrucz, The, 17, 131 Zdzjbchowski, George (1880- ), economist and politician; head, Military Department, Interparty Council, Petrograd, 1917—8; President, Timber Union; deputy, Seym, 1922-7; Minister, Finance, 1925-6; author, works on economics; 285, 303, 305, 308, 311, 314 INDEX 447 Żegluga Polska, 363 Zeligowski (pronounced Sheligofski), Generai Lucien {1865— ), Lieut. - Colonel, Russian Army; joined Polish Army, 1918; general, 1918; occupied Vilna, October 1920; Minister, War, 1925-6; retired. 1927; Z70-1, 200, 207, 219, 300, 305, 315 ZlEHM, 4I4, 420 ZiELiNSKi, General Sigismond (1858—1925), Lieut.-General, Austrian Army; Command, Polish Auxiliary Corps, 1917; fought Ukrainians, 1918-9, Bol¬ sheviks, 1920; 81 Zloty, 238; passim Zu low, 35, 36 Zurich, 244 Związek Strzelecki, 43 Związek Walki Czynnej, 42 ZwiERZYNSKi, Alexander, journalist; deputy, Seym, since 1922; 402
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title	Poland 1914 - 1931 By Robert Machray
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