The science of laboratory diagnosis:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Wiley
2005
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 542 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0470859121 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The science of laboratory diagnosis |c ed. by David Burnett ... |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804133598939316224 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Cont
Preface to the first edition xv
Preface to the second edition xvii
Contributors list xix
SECTION 1 HISTOPATHOLOGY 1
Section Editor John Crocker
1 Specimen handling and preparation for
routine diagnostic histopathology 3
PJ Smith and JL Warfield
Introduction 3
Specimen management systems 4
Specimen receipt and handling 4
Fixation and decalcification 5
Tissue processing and embedding 7
Microtomy 11
Special techniques 13
Further reading 15
Acknowledgements 15
2 General stains 17
Barrie Sims
Why stain? 17
Basic staining mechanisms 17
Common staining methods 20
Conclusions 25
Further reading 25
Acknowledgements 25
3 Enzyme histochemistry 27
Trevor Gray and Neil Hand
Introduction 27
Structure and classification 27
Preservation and preparation 28
Histochemical techniques 29
Diagnostic applications of enzyme histochemistry 31
Conclusion 34
References 34
4 Immunohistochemistry 35
Jane Starczynski and John Crocker
Introduction 35
Direct methods 35
ents
Indirect methods 35
Multi stage methods 35
Applications of immunohistochemistry 41
Quality control 41
Automation 41
Imaging 41
Further reading 42
5 Electron microscopy in pathology 43
Brian Eyden
Introduction 43
Principles of EM technique and organization 44
Applications of transmission electron microscopy 48
Specialized techniques and procedures 54
Summary 59
Acknowledgements 59
References 60
Further reading 60
6 Light microscopy 61
Brian Boullier
Introduction 61
Basic microscope design 61
Types of microscopy 63
Photomicrography 66
Further reading 67
7 Quantitative methods in tissue
pathology 69
Peter W Hamilton and Derek C Allen
Introduction 69
Methods 69
Applications of measurement in diagnostic
pathology 75
Automation in tissue histology 79
Conclusion 81
Further reading 81
8 Proliferation markers in
histopathology 83
Cheryl E Gillett and Diana M Barnes
Introduction 83
Proliferation markers 83
Practical use of markers 88
Method of evaluation 89
In conclusion 92
Further reading 92
¥111 CONT
SECTION 2 CYTOLOGY 93
Section Editor Adrian T Warheld
9 Cytopathology 95
Adrian T Warfield
Introduction 95
Types of cytology specimen 95
Smearing techniques 99
Specimen fixation 99
Cell concentration techniques 99
Staining methods 103
Cytodiagnosis 104
Cytomorphology 105
Accuracy and limitations of cytology 112
Gynaecological cytopathology and cervical
screening 113
Quality assurance in diagnostic cytology 119
Further reading 119
SECTION 3
MICROBIOLOGY BACTERIOLOGY 121
Section Editor Darrel Ho Yen
10 Microscopy in bacteriology: application
and sample preparation 123
Dugald R Baird
Introduction 123
Light microscopy 123
Fluorescence microscopy 123
Specimens for microscopy 124
Examination of unstained specimens
by transmitted light 124
Examination of unstained specimens using
darkground illumination 125
Staining of specimens 125
Further reading 128
11 Cylture media in bacteriology 129
Eric Y Bridson
Culture media in microbiology 129
Formulation of culture media 130
Enrichment and selection in fluid media 131
Chemically defined culture media versus
complex undefined media 131
Growth environmental factors 132
Water activity (aw) 132
Storage of culture media 132
Quality tests 133
The future of culture media 134
Quantal microbiology 134
Further reading 134
ENTS
12 Identification of bacteria 135
Andrew J Hay
Introduction 135
Direct identification 135
Identification following culture 136
Identification of bacteria of medical
importance 140
Further reading 144
13 Automated tests in bacteriology 145
Paul C Boreland
Introduction 145
Blood culture systems 145
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
and identification systems 146
Urine screening systems 148
Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility
testing systems for mycobacteria 149
Comment 150
Further reading 150
14 Bacteriology molecular techniques:
sample preparation and application 151
Richard E Holliman and Julie D Johnson
The need for molecular methods 151
Sample preparation 151
Amplification 152
Quality control 153
Current practice 153
Epidemiology and typing 156
Problems with molecular methods 156
Future application 156
Further reading 157
15 Other tests in bacteriology 159
Darrel Ho Yen
Introduction 159
Tests for antibody 159
Tests for Antigen 162
Antigen specific immune complex testing 162
Other tests 163
Future developments 164
Further reading 164
16 Control of antimicrobial
chemotherapy 165
Ian M Gould
Introduction 165
General principles of laboratory control
of chemotherapy 167
Sensitivity testing 168
CON!
Automation 169
Hospital control and clinical liaison 170
Conclusion 171
Further reading 171
SECTION 4 MICROBIOLOGY VIROLOGY,
MYCOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY 173
Section Editor Darrel Ho Yen
17 Microscopy in virology: application and
sample preparation 175
Marie M Ogilvie
Introduction 175
Histopathology: inclusion bodies and
multinucleate giant cells 175
Virology 176
Immunofluorescence 177
Microscopic examination of cell cultures 178
Developments 180
Acknowledgements 180
Further reading 180
18 Electron microscopy in virology 181
Hazel Appleton
Introduction 181
Methods 181
Uses of electron microscopy 182
Virology laboratory 187
Rapid emergency response 187
Newly emerging viruses 188
Conclusions 188
Further reading 189
19 Tissue culture 191
William L hying and Alan Pawley
Introduction 191
Choice of cell cultures 191
Preparation of cell cultures 192
Clinical specimens for virus isolation 193
Identification of virus growth 193
Conclusions 196
Further reading 196
20 Serological tests in virology 197
Goura Kudesia
Introduction 197
Principles 197
Techniques 198
Interpretation and use of serological tests 203
Future of serology 204
Further reading 205
rENTS ix
21 Automated tests In virology 207
Roger P Eglin
Introduction 207
How automation works in the diagnostic
laboratory 209
Should the Laboratory Automate? 210
Other developments in automation 212
Conclusions 212
Further reading 212
22 Molecular techniques in virology 213
Paul E Klapper
Introduction 213
NucLeic acid amplification techniques 213
Sequence analysis 220
Summary 222
Further reading 222
23 Virology: other tests 225
Alex WL Joss
Detection of prion infection 225
Diagnosis 227
Antiviral susceptibility tests 228
Cell mediated immunity 231
Further reading 232
24 Mycology 233
David W Warnock
Introduction 233
Microscopic examination 234
Culture 235
Identification 236
Serological tests 237
New directions in diagnosis 238
Further reading 238
25 Parasitology 23i
Robert WA Girdwood
Introduction 239
Microscopy 239
Wet mounts 240
Films and smears 240
Histopathology 241
Fluorescence 241
Electron microscopy 241
Culture 241
Animal infection 242
Xenodiagnosis 242
Serology 243
Molecular methods 243
Further reading 244
X CON
SECTION 5 HAEMATOLOGY 245
Section Editor Peter E Rose
26 Blood cell and bone marrow
morphology 247
Supratik Basu
Peripheral blood morphology 247
Examination of bone marrow and bone
marrow morphology 249
Non haemopoietic cells and parasites in blood
and marrow 263
Further reading 263
27 Principles of automated blood
cell counters 265
Graham Martin
Introduction 265
Hb measurement 265
Red cell measurements 265
Reticulocyte and nucleated RBC measurement 267
Nucleated RBCs 267
White cell measurements 268
Further reading 271
28 Methods for the identification of the
haemoglobinopathies 273
Nick Jackson and Anne Sermon
Introduction 273
Screening techniques 273
Laboratory diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies
and thalassaemias 274
Detection, identification and quantitation
of haemglobinopathies 274
Acknowledgements 279
Further reading 279
29 Special von Willebrand factor
investigations 281
Mohammad S Enayat
Introduction 281
Phenotypic tests 282
Genotypic tests for mutation identification 285
Further reading 287
30 Platelet investigations 289
Steven Walton and Peter E Rose
Introduction 289
Structure and function 289
Platelet counting 290
Platelet antibodies 291
FENTS
Bleeding time 291
Platelet adhesion 291
Investigations of platelet aggregation 291
Platelet function analyser PFA 100 292
Investigations into platelet release 292
Flow cytometry 292
Thromboelastogram 293
Further reading 293
31 A hospital transfusion service 295
Steven Walton and Peter E Rose
Blood group identification 295
Methods for blood grouping 296
Antibody screening 297
Cross matching 300
Transfusion practice 300
Further reading 301
32 Flow cytometry and molecular
biology in haematology 303
Ian Chant
Introduction 303
Flow cytometry and immunophenotyping 303
Assessment of platelet function by flow cytometry 307
Molecular biology in haematology 307
Summary 310
Further reading 311
33 Haematinic investigations 313
Frank Wells
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) and folate 313
Iron 317
Summary 321
Further reading 322
34 Laboratory investigation of
haemolysis 323
Paul Revell
Introduction 323
Clinical features 323
Haemolytic disorders 326
Endpiece 332
Further reading 332
35 Laboratory investigation of
haemostasis 333
Peter E Rose and Catherine Caveen
Introduction 333
Prothrombin time 333
Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 335
Thrombin time 337
CON!
Reptilase time 338
Fibrinogen 338
D dimer assays and FDPs 339
Factor assays 339
Markers of activated coagulation 340
Automated coagulation 340
Further reading 341
SECTION 6 CYTOGENETICS 343
Section Editor Brian Boullier
36 Chromosome banding and analysis 345
Mervyn Humphreys
Introduction 345
Chromosome banding 345
Chromosome anaLysis 352
Further reading 355
37 Fluorescence in situ hybridization 357
Ivor Hickey
Choice of probe 357
Labelling of probes 357
Hybridization 358
Detection of hybridized probe 358
Applications in basic research 358
Applications in medical genetics 360
Applications in cancer diagnosis and research 360
Further reading 362
SECTION 7 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 363
Section Editor William J Marshall
38 Acquisition, uses and interpretation
of clinical biochemical data 365
William J Marshall
Introduction 365
Sample collection and analysis 366
The interpretation of laboratory data 367
Evidence based clinical biochemistry 371
Conclusion 371
Further reading 371
39 Immunoassay in clinical
biochemistry 373
Joan Butler and Susan M Chambers
Introduction 373
Assay design 373
ENTS xi
Assay conditions and calibrators 374
Labels 375
Homogeneous assays 376
Separation methods 376
Automation 377
Miniaturization 377
Calculation of results 377
Accuracy and precision 377
Quality control 378
Specificity, cross reactivity
and interference 379
High dose hook effect 380
Further reading 380
40 Ion selective electrodes 381
Alan D Hirst
Introduction 381
Theory 381
Specificity—how electrodes are made selective 384
Electrochemical reactions 386
Glucose electrodes 389
Electrochemical detectors 390
Complex electrodes 390
Other complex enzyme mediated electrodes 391
Point of care testing (POCT) 392
Safeguards 393
Acknowledgements 394
Further reading 394
41 Light absorption, scatter and
luminescence techniques in routine
clinical biochemistry 395
Bernard F Rocks
Introduction 395
Light absorption techniques 395
Turbidimetry and nephelometry 397
Luminescence 399
Further reading 403
42 Analytical atomic spectrometrv 40S
Andrew Taylor
Introduction 405
Principles 405
Instrumentation 407
Applications 413
Quality Assurance 414
Conclusions 414
References 415
43 Dry reagent chemistry techniques 417
JA Schroeder, JC Osypiw and GS Challand
Introduction 417
Principles of Methodology 418
xii CON
Specific Examples 419
Quality Control of Dry Reagent Chemistry 423
Summary 426
Further reading 427
44 Separation techniques 429
Roy Sherwood
Why separate? 429
Chromatography 429
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) 429
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 431
Gas chromatography (GC) 433
Electrophoresis 434
Further reading 436
SECTION 8 IMMUNOLOGY 437
Section Editor David Burnett
45 Protein assays 439
David Burnett
Introduction 439
A short historical perspective 439
Qualitative techniques 440
Quantitative methods 443
Conclusion 446
Acknowledgement 446
Further reading 446
4S Complement assays 447
/ North and K Whaley
Introduction 447
Assay of serum complement levels 449
Further reading 453
47 Cellular immunology 455
Aamoud Huissoon
Introduction 455
Qualitative and quantitative tests 455
Functional studies 459
The future of cellular immunology 462
Further reading 463
48 Immune complex diseases and
cryoglobutins 465
Siraj A Mishah
Introduction 465
Assays for circulating immune complexes 466
Serum sickness 467
Systemic lupus erythematosus 468
Cryoglobulinaemia 477
Further reading 480
ITENTS
49 HLA typing 481
Mark Hathaway
Introduction 481
HLA structure and function 481
Genetics of the MHC 482
The mechanics of HLA typing 482
Molecular typing 483
Summary 486
SECTION 9 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 487
Section Editor John O Leary
50 Laser capture mkrodissection 489
Orla Sheils, Paul Smyth, Esther O Regan,
Stephen Finn, Richard Flavin
and John O Leary
Arcturus LCM PixCell™ and AutoPix™ 489
Laser microbeam microdissection 492
Leica AS LMD 493
Further reading 493
51 Real time PCR gene analysis 495
Cara M Martin, Orla Sheils
and John O Leary
Introduction 495
Real time PCR chemistries 495
TaqMan PCR chemistry—the 5 nuclease assay 496
Minor groove binder TaqMan probes 498
TaqMan primer and probe design 498
Amplicon detection 499
TaqMan real time detection 499
Absolute quantitation 500
Relative quantitation 500
Housekeeping genes 500
TaqMan PCR applications in pathology 501
References 504
52 In cell PCi 505
John O Leary, Cara M Martin
and Orla Sheils
Introduction 505
Overview of methodology 505
In cell PCR technologies: definitions 506
In cell amplification of DNA 508
Detection of amplicons 510
Reaction, tissue and detection controls for
use with in cell DNA PCR assays 510
In cell RNA amplification 511
Problems encountered with in cell PCR
amplification 511
Future work with in cell PCR based assays 512
References 513
C0N7
53 High density SNP and cDNA array
analysis 515
Orla Sheils, Cam M Martin, Paul Smyth,
Jon Sherlock, Stephen Finn, Esther O Regan,
Steve Picton and John O Leary
Introduction 515
Affymetrix GeneChip technology 515
SNP profiling and DNA arrays 517
Applied biosystems expression array system 517
Illumina Array of Arrays ™ 519
Data handling and secondary analysis 520
References 521
54 CGH array analysis of human tissues 523
Esther O Regan, Paul Smyth, Stephen Finn,
Cara M Martin, Orla Sheils and
John O Leary
Background to CGH and array CGH 523
Overview of comparative genomic hybridization 524
ENTS X111
Clinical applications 525
Microarrays 525
Conclusion 528
References 528
55 DNA sequencing 531
Cora M Martin, Steven J Picton,
Orla Sheils and John O Leary
Introduction 531
The history of DNA sequencing 531
Chemical sequencing of DNA 532
The dideoxy method of DNA sequencing 532
Automated sequencing 534
The human genome project 536
Advancing areas in nucleic acid sequencing 537
References 538
Further reading 538
Index 539
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:11:16Z |
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| isbn | 0470859121 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | The science of laboratory diagnosis ed. by David Burnett ... 2. ed. New York Wiley 2005 XXI, 542 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Labormedizin (DE-588)4073931-4 gnd rswk-swf Labormedizin (DE-588)4073931-4 s b DE-604 Burnett, David Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013352612&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The science of laboratory diagnosis Labormedizin (DE-588)4073931-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4073931-4 |
| title | The science of laboratory diagnosis |
| title_auth | The science of laboratory diagnosis |
| title_exact_search | The science of laboratory diagnosis |
| title_full | The science of laboratory diagnosis ed. by David Burnett ... |
| title_fullStr | The science of laboratory diagnosis ed. by David Burnett ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | The science of laboratory diagnosis ed. by David Burnett ... |
| title_short | The science of laboratory diagnosis |
| title_sort | the science of laboratory diagnosis |
| topic | Labormedizin (DE-588)4073931-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Labormedizin |
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