Management of first and second stages of labor:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
2005
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America
32,2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV S., S. 145 - 339 Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1416027416 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Management of first and second stages of labor |c guest ed. Suneet P. Chauhan |
| 264 | 1 | |a Philadelphia [u.a.] |b Saunders |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a XIV S., S. 145 - 339 |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America |v 32,2 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Geboorte |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Childbirth | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Delivery (Obstetrics) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Episiotomy |x contraindications | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fetal Monitoring | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Labor (Obstetrics) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Labor Complications | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Labor Pain | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Labor, Obstetric | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pregnancy | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chauhan, Suneet P. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS
Preface xiii
Suneet P. Chauhan
Normal Labor: Mechanism and Duration 145
John B. Liao, Catalin S. Buhimschi, and Errol R. Norwitz
Labor refers to the chain of physiologic events that allows a fetus
to undertake its journey from the uterus to the outside world. The
mean duration of a singleton pregnancy is 40.0 weeks (280 days),
which is dated from the first day of the last normal menstrual period.
The period from 37.0 weeks (259 days) to 42.0 weeks (294 days) of
gestation is regarded as term . This article focuses on the onset,
progress, and mechanics of normal labor at term. Topics such as
preterm labor (labor before 37 weeks), postterm labor (labor after
42 weeks), and abnormal labor and delivery have not been addressed
and are discussed in detail elsewhere in this issue.
Labor with Abnormal Presentation and Position 165
Michael L. Stitely and Robert B. Gherman
Abnormal presentation and position are encountered infrequently
during labor. Breech and transverse presentations should be con¬
verted to cephalic presentations by external cephalic version or
delivered by cesarean section. Face, brow, and compound presen¬
tations are usually managed expectantly. Persistent occiput trans¬
verse positions are managed by rotation to anterior positions and
delivered as such. Occiput posterior positions can be delivered as
such or rotated to occiput anterior positions. As with any position
or presentation, an obstetrician should not hesitate to abandon any
rotational or operative vaginal procedure and proceed to cesarean
delivery if rotation or descent does not occur with relative ease.
VOLUME 32 • NUMBER 2 • JUNE 2005 vii
Induction of Labor 181
Luis Sanchez Ramos
The rate of labor induction continues to rise significantly in the
United States because of a growing use of labor induction for post
term pregnancies and elective induction of labor. Although different
types and doses of prostaglandins used for cervical ripening often
initiate uterine activity, the principal role of these agents is to soften
the unripe cervix independent of uterine activity. Several systematic
reviews with meta analyses have shown that prostaglandins are
superior to placebo and oxytocin alone in ripening of the cervix.
Numerous studies and meta analyses have assessed misoprostol s
efficacy and safety as a labor induction agent. The most appropriate
dose and route of administration has not yet been confirmed.
Abnormalities of the First and Second Stages of Labor 201
Amen Ness, Jay Goldberg, and Vincenzo Berghella
Abnormalities of the first and second stages of labor refer for the
most part to abnormal progression of labor. This article discusses
the risk factors, diagnoses, management options, and outcomes of
the various categories of labor abnormalities, and provides an evi¬
dence based approach where one exists. The article concentrates
on the term, healthy woman carrying a singleton, vertex, normally
grown fetus with no anomalies.
Active Management of Labor 221
Jason A. Pates and Andrew J. Satin
A source of great controversy, the active management of labor, as
classically defined, is routinely misunderstood and misapplied in
many clinical settings. Aggressive induction protocols, early amni
otomy, operative delivery, epidural analgesia, and even early admis¬
sion to labor and delivery units are actions frequently thought to
be synonymous with active management of labor . To regain an
understanding of the active management of labor, one needs to
examine the goal of this management scheme and become more
familiar with its components.
Analgesia and Anesthesia in Labor 231
Janyne Althaus and Joseph Wax
Although management of pain in labor is an integral part of mod¬
ern obstetrics, it is astonishing to realize that obstetric anesthesia
has been used for less than 160 years. This article reviews the var¬
ious pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic options for obstetric
pain management in the United States, including efficacy, benefits,
and risks.
viii CONTENTS
Assessment of the Fetus: Intermittent Auscultation, Electronic
Fetal Heart Rate Tracing, and Fetal Pulse Oximetry 245
James R Smith Jr and J. Honey Onstad
Intrapartum assessment of fetal well being has evolved over the
last 40 years, with the primary focus being fetal heart rate assess¬
ments. Despite widespread use and initial enthusiasm for the poten¬
tial for heart rate monitoring to reduce fetal and neonatal mortality
and morbidity, conclusive evidence of improvement in long term
outcomes is lacking. Its use is associated with an increase in opera¬
tive obstetric interventions and may increase morbidity associated
with such interventions. Current investigation includes fetal pulse
oximetry and further analysis of specific fetal electrocardiographic
changes associated with hypoxic stress. It is likely that fetal heart
rate monitoring will maintain its role as a common intervention in
obstetric units.
Intrapartum Assessment of the Fetus: Historical and
Evidence Based Practice 255
Gary A. Dildy III
The principal purpose of intrapartum fetal assessment is to detect
hypoxemia ischemia, which may lead to fetal jeopardy. A quarter
century ago, electronic fetal monitoring replaced intermittent aus¬
cultation as the primary method of intrapartum fetal assessment in
the United States. It seems that electronic fetal monitoring will con¬
tinue to be the primary mode of intrapartum fetal assessment, with
intermittent auscultation used in some centers primarily for low
risk parturients. From this abridged history of intrapartum fetal
monitoring, it is recognized that all surveillance methods bear
inherent limitations.
Cesarean Delivery for Nonreassuring Fetal Heart Rate Tracing 273
Nancy W. Hendrix and Suneet P. Chauhan
An understanding of cesarean delivery for nonreassuring fetal heart
rate tracing is important for several reasons. This article describes the
prevalence of cesarean delivery for nonreassuring fetal heart rate trac¬
ing and the risk factors, indicates what type of fetal heart rate tracing
abnormalities prompts cesarean delivery, reiterates the intrauterine
resuscitation that the American College of Obstetricians and Gyne¬
cologists recommends before making the incision, explains why
clinicians often do not comply with the American College of Obste¬
tricians and Gynecologists guidelines, and suggests steps clinicians
should undertake to minimize legal liability.
CONTENTS ix
Chorioamnionitis and Labor 287
Rodney K. Edwards
Chorioamnionitis is a puerperal infection that exists in histologic,
clinical, and subclinical forms. This entity is believed to play a
causative role in many cases of spontaneous preterm delivery. It
also is associated with an increased risk of dysfunctional labor.
This article focuses on the effects of chorioamnionitis on the prog¬
ress of labor and the appropriate treatment of patients with clinical
chorioamnionitis. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and associated
maternal and neonatal outcomes also are reviewed.
Shoulder Dystocia: Prevention and Management 297
Robert B. Gherman
Knowledge of the maneuvers used for the alleviation of shoulder
dystocia is relevant not only for obstetric residents and attending
house staff but also for family practitioners, nurses, and nurse mid
wives. The performance of shoulder dystocia drills can be help¬
ful not only to coordinate a teamwork approach to this obstetric
emergency but also to provide an opportunity to practice the
maneuvers. Shoulder dystocia continues to represent an immense
area of clinical interest because it typically occurs without predic¬
tion. All patients in labor should be considered at risk for the
development of shoulder dystocia.
Episiotomy and Vaginal Trauma 307
John R. Scott
The era of routine episiotomy is gradually ending. Previously per¬
ceived benefits gradually have been disproved as evidence based
scientific clinical studies have shown the detrimental effects of epi¬
siotomy; however, circumstances always will exist in which pru¬
dent clinical judgment may dictate the necessity for an episiotomy.
In most of these situations, however, an episiotomy often can be
avoided. Perhaps more hospital perinatal review committees should
evaluate episiotomy rates and strive to convince their staff to reduce
their rates. We can learn to be more patient and allow the natural
forces of labor to gradually stretch the perineum. In reviewing the
extensive volume of published literature on episiotomy and perineal
vaginal trauma, the best advice lies in the dictum Don t just do
something, sit there!
Third Stage of Labor 323
Everett F. Magann and Grainger S. Lanneau
All staff involved in obstetric care should be competent in performing
active management of the third stage of labor. Active management
has been shown to be clearly superior to physiologic or expectant
x CONTENTS
management. Comparison of the various uterotonic agents has
pointed to misoprostol as a potential first line agent in treating
obstetric hemorrhage. Its cost, routes of delivery, and efficacy make
it an appealing drug in urban and rural settings. By being facile with
the active management of labor and the prompt recognition and
treatment of postpartum hemorrhage, the morbidity from significant
blood loss and subsequent surgery can be reduced significantly.
Index 333
CONTENTS X1
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| isbn | 1416027416 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XIV S., S. 145 - 339 Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| series | Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America |
| series2 | Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America |
| spelling | Management of first and second stages of labor guest ed. Suneet P. Chauhan Philadelphia [u.a.] Saunders 2005 XIV S., S. 145 - 339 Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America 32,2 Geboorte gtt Childbirth Delivery (Obstetrics) Episiotomy contraindications Fetal Monitoring Labor (Obstetrics) Labor Complications Labor Pain Labor, Obstetric Pregnancy Chauhan, Suneet P. Sonstige oth Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America 32,2 (DE-604)BV000617486 32,2 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013198390&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Management of first and second stages of labor Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America Geboorte gtt Childbirth Delivery (Obstetrics) Episiotomy contraindications Fetal Monitoring Labor (Obstetrics) Labor Complications Labor Pain Labor, Obstetric Pregnancy |
| title | Management of first and second stages of labor |
| title_auth | Management of first and second stages of labor |
| title_exact_search | Management of first and second stages of labor |
| title_full | Management of first and second stages of labor guest ed. Suneet P. Chauhan |
| title_fullStr | Management of first and second stages of labor guest ed. Suneet P. Chauhan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Management of first and second stages of labor guest ed. Suneet P. Chauhan |
| title_short | Management of first and second stages of labor |
| title_sort | management of first and second stages of labor |
| topic | Geboorte gtt Childbirth Delivery (Obstetrics) Episiotomy contraindications Fetal Monitoring Labor (Obstetrics) Labor Complications Labor Pain Labor, Obstetric Pregnancy |
| topic_facet | Geboorte Childbirth Delivery (Obstetrics) Episiotomy contraindications Fetal Monitoring Labor (Obstetrics) Labor Complications Labor Pain Labor, Obstetric Pregnancy |
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