Travel and tropical medicine:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
2005
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Infectious disease clinics of North America
19,1 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 279 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 1416026673 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804133392442195968 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | TRAVEL AND TROPICAL MEDICINE
CONTENTS
Dedication
Alberto M. Acosta and Rebecca Wolfe Acosta xiii
Preface: Coming of Age in Travel Medicine and Tropical
Diseases: A Need for Continued Advocacy and Mentorship
David R. Hill and Frank J. Bia xv
Surveillance of Imported Diseases as a Window to Travel
Health Risks 1
Tomas Jelinek and Nikolai Miihlberger
Surveillance of imported infectious diseases can provide valuable
information for potentially exposed travelers and for affected pop¬
ulations in endemic countries. Reliable data quality, fast data man¬
agement, and immediate communication of reports to all involved
partners are crucial. Clinical networks are in an excellent position
to achieve this. TropNetEurop, the largest network worldwide for
surveillance of imported infectious diseases, is presented as an ex¬
ample. This network collects information on malaria, dengue fever,
and schistosomiasis. Regular summary reports benefit all network
members and their clinical practice. Screening tools used by the
network enable timely and efficient detection of sentinel events
even from small report numbers.
Challenging Scenarios in a Travel Clinic: Advising
the Complex Traveler 15
Kathryn N. Suh and Maria D. Mileno
As international and adventure travel continue to increase in popu¬
larity, so too does the spectrum of travelers. Extremes of age, preg¬
nancy, disability, and underlying medical conditions no longer
present formidable barriers to rewarding travel. These factors
may influence the choice or administration of prophylactic medica¬
tions and immunizations, however, and can significantly alter both
VOLUME 19 • NUMBER 1 • MARCH 2005 vii
the risk of acquiring travel related illnesses and their severity. With
adequate planning and appropriate pretravel counseling provided
by a qualified travel medicine expert, most travelers can still enjoy
healthy and rewarding travel experiences.
Risk Assessment and Disease Prevention in Travelers
Visiting Friends and Relatives 49
Sonia Y. Angell and Ron H. Behrens
Travelers to developing regions for the purposes of visiting friends
or relatives are at known increased risk for a number of travel re¬
lated illnesses, especially when compared with those traveling for
other purposes. This article reviews the unique contributors to their
infectious disease risks and provides recommendations for the pre¬
vention of selected high risk illnesses. These include some diseases
against which vaccination is routinely recommended during child¬
hood, including also varicella and hepatitis A and B, as well as ty¬
phoid fever, malaria, and tuberculosis.
Health Risks to Air Travelers 67
Muhammad R. Sohail and Philip R. Fischer
There are infrequent yet potentially important risks for air travel¬
ers. Good hand washing during flights and avoidance of close con¬
tact with sick patients decreases the risk of infection. Pretravel
screening can help determine the need of supplemental oxygen.
Acute medical conditions might prompt delays in travel until re¬
covery is established. Nonpharmacologic methods are usually ade¬
quate to prevent complicated deep vein thromboses. Safety seats
can be considered for infants. By implementing these interventions,
adverse effects of air travel can largely be avoided.
On the Medical Edge: Preparation of Expatriates, Refugee
and Disaster Relief Workers, and Peace Corps Volunteers 85
Michael V. Callahan and Davidson H. Hamer
Travelers to medically remote areas require special pretravel eval¬
uation and environmentally specific education. Using a case based
format, this article provides information on approaches to the pre
deployment medical, dental, and psychologic preparation of long
term travelers and expeditions to extreme environments.
Sexual Tourism: Implications for Travelers
and the Destination Culture 103
Jeanne M. Marrazzo
The destination culture affords travelers ample opportunity for sex
while away from home. The seemingly endless advance of the HIV
pandemic, a resurgence of syphilis in most industrialized countries,
continued high endemic rates of chlamydial infection and genital
viii CONTENTS
herpes, and steadily evolving antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria
gonorrhoeae worldwide all contribute to a high likelihood that trav¬
elers who engage in unprotected sex will encounter a sexually
transmitted infection. Medical encounters before and after travel
provide an excellent opportunity to review the traveler s risk,
screen appropriately for sexually transmitted infection and indica¬
tions for relevant immunizations, discuss risk reduction measures,
and diagnose and treat any evident infection.
The Impact of HIV Infection on Tropical Diseases 121
Gundel Harms and Hermann Feldmeier
HIV and tropical infections affect each other mutually. HIV infec¬
tion may alter the natural history of tropical infectious diseases, im¬
pede rapid diagnosis, or reduce the efficacy of antiparasitic
treatment. Tropical infections may facilitate the transmission of
HIV and accelerate progression from asymptomatic HIV infection
to AIDS. This article reviews data on known interactions for malar¬
ia, leishmaniasis, human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease,
schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, and intestinal
helminthiases.
Update in Traveler s Diarrhea 137
David R. Shlim
Despite 50 years of research, the rates of traveler s diarrhea (TD)
have not diminished in travelers. Restaurant hygiene has emerged
as one of the main risk factors for TD. Antibiotic prophylaxis can
prevent up to 90% of infections, but is not routinely recommended.
Empiric treatment of TD has been the best approach to dealing
with this problem, but its usefulness is being undermined by grow¬
ing antibiotic resistance in many parts of the world.
Yellow Fever and Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines:
Indications and Complications 151
Anthony A. Marfin, Rachel S. Barwick Eidex, Phyllis E.
Kozarsky, and Martin S. Cetron
Appropriate administration of yellow fever or Japanese encephali¬
tis vaccines to travelers requires an assessment of the traveler s risk
for infection with these vector borne flaviviruses during their trav¬
els and the presence of risk factors for adverse events following
immunization. Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever vaccines
have been more frequently associated with serious adverse events
following immunization since the early 1980s and the late 1990s, re¬
spectively. This article describes the adverse events, the magnitude
of their risk, and associated risk factors.
CONTENTS ix
A Travel Medicine Guide to Arthropods of Medical
Importance 169
Richard J. Pollack and Leonard C. Marcus
Travelers in North America and abroad can suffer arthropod in¬
duced injuries and infestations, and be at risk of vector borne dis¬
ease. This article describes clinically relevant aspects of the biology,
ecology, and epidemiology of the main kinds of arthropods that di¬
rectly injure people or transmit infections. Guidance is offered to
clinicians so they might better educate and advise travelers how
to protect themselves, and evaluate and manage complaints by
travelers on their return.
New Strategies for the Prevention of Malaria In Travelers 185
Lin H. Chen and Jay S. Keystone
Malaria incidence in travelers has increased dramatically in the
past two decades, and resistance to recommended drugs has be¬
come established if not widespread. New strategies to assess the in¬
cidence, risk, and prevention of travelers malaria have evolved.
Recent developments in prevention of malaria in travelers include
sentinel surveillance of malaria in travelers, seroprevalence studies
of travelers malaria, molecular techniques to evaluate drug resis¬
tance, the combination drug atovaquone proguanil, the addition
of primaquine as a primary prophylaxis, the evaluation of the
new antimalarial tafenoquine, the use of standby emergency treat¬
ment, and rapid diagnostic tests for malaria.
Management of Severe Malaria: Interventions
and Controversies 211
Geoffrey Pasvol
All cases of falciparum malaria in travelers are potentially severe
and life threatening, especially when managed inappropriately.
Prevention is the cornerstone of good malarial control. In cases of
malaria in travelers, however, a major reason for progression to se¬
vere disease is missed or delayed diagnosis. Once diagnosed, the
parenteral administration of adequate safe doses of an appropriate
antimalarial in the setting of the highest possible level of clinical
care is the priority. All other modalities of management, although
important, remain secondary.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Returning Traveler 241
Alan J. Magill
Infection with protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania leads to
a wide variety of clinical disease syndromes called leishmaniasis,
or more appropriately the leishmaniases. The three major clinical
syndromes are cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucosal leishmaniasis,
and visceral leishmaniasis. All three of these syndromes have
been documented in returning travelers. This article focuses on
x CONTENTS
cutaneous leishmaniasis with some comment on mucosal
leishmaniasis.
New Diagnostics in Parasitology 267
Peter L. Chiodini
This article considers new diagnostics in the context of a diagnostic
clinical parasitology laboratory receiving samples from an infec¬
tious and tropical disease service. Mention of a particular product
does not imply endorsement. Laboratory directors should assess
the suitability of individual diagnostic kits for the practice that they
manage and should be aware that competing products may be
available.
Online extra
Full text of article, Chiodini PL. New diagnostics in parasitology.
Infect Dis Clin N Am 2005;19:267 270, is available at www.id.
theclinics.com, doi:10.1016/j.idc.2004.11.002.
Index 271
CONTENTS xi
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