Modern tort law:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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London [u.a.]
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2005
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| Ausgabe: | 6. ed. |
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| Beschreibung: | LXX, 510 S. |
| ISBN: | 1859419763 9781859419762 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804133353325068288 |
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| adam_text | MODERN TORT LAW SIXTH EDITION VIVIENNE HARPWOOD PROF ESSOR OF LAW
CARDIFF UNIVERSITY CAVENDISH PUBLISHING LIMITED CONTENTS PREFACE V TABLE
OF CASES %XV TABLE OFSTATUTES XI TABLE OFSTATUTOIY INSTRUMENTS IXVII
TABLE OF EUROPEAN LEGISLATION IXIX 1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE LAW OF TORT 1
1.1 WHATISTORT? 1 1.2 TORT AND CONTRACT 1 1.2.1 DUTIES FIXED BY LAW 1
1.2.2 DUTIES TO WHOM? THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PARTIES 2 1.2.3
REDRESSABLE BY AN ACTION FOR UNLIQUIDATED DAMAGES 2 1.2.4 UNLIQUIDATED
DAMAGES 4 1.3 TORT AND ELIMINAI LAW 5 1.4 INSURANCE AND THE LAW OF TORT
5 1.5 AN OVERVIEW OF THE LAW OF TORT 6 1.6 CASE LAW 8 1.7 OTHER SYSTEMS
OF COMPENSATION 9 1.8 TORTS OF STRICT LIABILITY 9 1.9 HUMAN RIGHTS ACT
1998 10 1.9.1 THE FUTURE OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND TORT LAW 11 1.10 A SUMMARY
OF THE OBJECTIVES OF TORT 12 1.10.1 AN ILLUSTRATION OF THE OPERAN ON OF
THE TORT SYSTEM 13 1.10.2 THE SCENARIO 13 1.10.3 ARE THE OBJECTIVES OF
TORT MET IN THIS CASE? 14 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 1 16 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE
TORT OF NEGLIGENCE 19 2.1 FAULT 19 2.2 DONOGHUE V STEVENSON AN D THE
MODERN TORT OF NEGLIGENCE 19 2.2.1 THE POLICY ARGUMENTS 20 2.2.2 THE
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DECISION 21 2.3 ESTABLISHING LIABILITY FOR
NEGLIGENCE 21 2.3.1 WHAT MUST BE PROVED: DUTY; BREACH; DAMAGE 22 2.3.2
DURY OF CARE 22 MODERN TORT LAW 2.3.3 BREACH OF DUTY 23 2.3.4 CAUSATION
AND REMOTENESS OF DAMAGE 24 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 2 25 3 DUTY OF CARE -
GENERAL PRINCIPLES 27 3.1 DUTY OF CARE 27 3.2 THE TEST FOR DETERMINING
THE EXISTENCE OF A DUTY OF CARE 27 3.2.1 FORESIGHT 27 3.2.2 PROXIMITY 28
3.2.3 WHAT IS FAIR, JUST AND REASONABLE 29 3.3 THE OPERATION OF JUDICIAL
POLICY IN NEGLIGENCE 30 3.4 DEFINITION OF POLICY 30 3.5 FACTORS
INFLUENCING JUDICIAL POLICY 31 3.5.1 LEGAI REASONING 32 3.6 LATENT
POLICY DECISIONS 33 3.7 EXPLICIT POLICY DECISIONS 33 3.8 THE INCREMENTAI
APPROACH - THE THREE-STAGE TEST 34 3.9 HUMAN RIGHTS CONSIDERATIONS 34
SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 3 35 4 DUTY OF CARE - PSYCHIATRICINJURY 37 4.1 WHAT
IS NERVOUS SHOCK ? 37 4.1.1 RECOGNISED SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHIATRIC INJURY
38 4.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE LAW 40 4.2.1 FEAR FOR RELATIVES AND FRIENDS 40
4.2.2 THE IMPACT THEORY 41 4.2.3 THE AREA OF SHOCK THEORY 41 4.2.4
RESCUERS 42 4.3 EXPANSION OF LIABILITY 43 4.3.1 CASES INVOLVING THE
IMMEDIATE AFTERMATH 43 4.4 CONTRACTION OF LIABILITY FOR NERVOUS SHOCK
44 4.4.1 RESTRICTIONS ON THE SCOPE OF THE DUTY 44 4.4.2 PROXIMITY 45
4.4.3 THE DOSE RIE OF LOVE AND AFFECTION 46 4.4.4 THE MEANS BY WHICH THE
SHOCK WAS SUSTAINED 46 4.4.5 BREAKING BAD NEWS 46 CONTENTS 4.5 4.6 4.7
4.8 4.9 4.10 THE IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF ALCOCK 4.5.1 PRE-ACCIDENT TERROR
MORE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 4.6.1 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY VICTIMS 4.6.2
RESCUERS - A NEW APPROACH 4.6.3 THE ROLE OF FORESIGHT 4.6.4 EMPLOYEES
4.6.5 SUDDEN SHOCK OR SLOW APPRECIATION 4.6.6 THE IMMEDIATE AFTERMATH
4.6.7 A SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENTS SIRICE ALCOCK THE LAW COMMISSION REPORT
THE FUTURE OF PSYCHIATRIC INJURY CLAIMS - A DEVELOPING AREA OF LAW 4.8.1
PSYCHIATRIC INJURY SUFFERED IN THE WORKPLACE THE LAW IN SCOTLAND HUMAN
RIGHTS ACT CLAIMS SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 4 5 DUTY OF CARE - ECONOMIC LOSS
5.1 5.2 ECONOMIE LOSS CAUSED BY CARELESS STATEMENTS 5.1.1 STATEMENTS
MADE BY THE DEFENDANT 5.1.2 THE SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP 5.1.3 RELIANCE
5.1.4 RELIANCE MUST BE REASONABLE 5.1.5 DISCHARGING THE DUTY 5.1.6 A
CASE BY CASE APPROACH 5.1.7 SUMMARY OF CAPARO V DICKMAN 5.1.8 FURTHER
DEVELOPMENTS 5.1.9 WRONGFUL BIRTH CASES 5.1.10 STATEMENTS MADE BY A
THIRD PARTY 5.1.11 ADVISE AS OPPOSED TO INFORMATION 5.1.12 JUDICIAL
DISCRETION 5.1.13 MISREPRESENTATION ACT 1967 ECONOMIE LOSS CAUSED BY
NEGLIGENT ACTS 5.2.1 PURE ECONOMIE LOSS DISTINGUISHED FROM OTHER TYPES
OF ECONOMIE LOSS 5.2.2 EXPANSION OF LIABILITY 47 48 48 48 50 53 54 54 56
56 60 61 66 66 67 68 75 75 75 76 77 78 79 79 80 80 84 84 86 87 87 88 89
89 MODERN TORT LAW 5.2.3 THE HIGH-WATER MARK 91 5.2.4 CONTRACTION OF
LIABILITY 91 5.2.5 THE COURTS RECOGNISE THE ARTIFICIAL DISTINCTIONS MADE
IN PREVIOUS CASES 92 5.2.6 THE NEW LIMITS ON LIABILITY 93 5.2.7 SUMMARY
94 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 5 95 6 MISCELLANEOUS SITUATIONS 97 6.1 THE NO
DUTY CASES 97 6.1.1 LAWYERS 97 6.1.2 LEGAI PROCEEDINGS 98 6.1.3 OTHER
CAUSES OF ACTION 98 6.1.4 OTHER SOURCES OF COMPENSATION 98 6.1.5
CLAIMANT IS A MEMBER OF AN INDETERMINATELY LARGE CLASS OF PERSONS 99
6.1.6 WRONGFUL LIFE 99 6.1.7 THE POLKE 99 6.1.8 THE HUMAN RIGHTS
ARGUMENTS 107 6.2 CLAIMANT CAUSED HIS OR HER OWN MISFORTUNE 108 6.3
RESCUE CASES 108 6.4 PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 109 6.4.1 HEALTH AUTHORITIES AND
LOCAI AUTHORITIES 109 6.4.2 DUTY OF THE EMERGENCY SERVICES 118 6.5
ADDITIONAL SIRUARIONS 121 6.6 CONCLUSION 124 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 6 125 7
BREACH OF DUTY - THE STANDARD OF CARE 127 7.1 THE REASONABLE MAN TEST
127 7.2 THE CASES 128 7.2.1 REASONABLE ASSESSMENT OF RISK 129 7.2.2
UNFORESEEABLE RISK CANNOT BE ANTICIPATED 130 7.2.3 THE UTILITY OF THE
CONDUCT 131 7.2.4 THE EXPENSE OF TAKING PRECAUTIONS 132 7.2.5 LACKOF
SPECIAL SKILLS I 33 7.2.6 CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE AND THE STANDARD OF
CARE 133 CONTENTS 7.2.7 CHILDREN 134 7.2.8 THE SICK AND DISABLED 135
7.2.9 CARERS AND ORGANISERS 135 7.2.10 DRIVERS 136 7.2.11 EXPERTS,
PROFESSIONALS AND PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL SKILLS 138 7.2.12 SOME CRITICISMS
OF BOLAM 139 7.2.13 CHALLENGES TO BOLAM: THE BOLITHO TEST 140 7.2.14
ACCEPTABLE PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS 144 7.2.15 FAILURE TO WARN 145 7.2.16
TRAINEES 149 7.2.17 PROFESSIONAL NEGLIGENCE CLAIMS GENERALLY 150 7.3
PROOF OF BREACH AND RES IPSA LOQUITUR 151 7.3.1 UNKNOWN CAUSE 152 7.3.2
LACK OF PROPER CARE 152 7.3.3 CONTROL BY THE DEFENDANT 152 7.4 RES IPSA
LOQUITUR AND MEDICAI CASES 153 7.5 EFFECTS OF RES IPSA LOQUITUR 153 7.6
CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 154 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 7 155 8 CAUSATION
AND REMOTENESS OF DAMAGE 157 8.1 THE RELARIONSHIP BETWEEN CAUSATION AND
REMOTENESS OF DAMAGE 157 8.2 CAUSATION 157 8.2.1 A TYPICAL EXAMINATION
PROBLEM 157 8.2.2 THE BUT FOR TEST 158 8.2.3 NOVUS ACTUS INTERVENIENS
161 8.2.4 THE DILEMMA PRINCIPLE 161 8.2.5 THE CLAIMANT WAS NOT
RESPONSIBLE FOR HIS OWN ACTS 162 8.2.6 THE FORESEEABILITY OF THE
INTERVENING ACT 162 8.2.7 OMISSIONS 163 8.2.8 SEVERAL CAUSES 164 8.3
PROBLEMS IN PROVING CAUSATION 165 8.4 CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE AND
CAUSATION 172 8.5 REMOTENESS OF DAMAGE 173 8.5.1 DIRECT CONSEQUENCES 173
8.5.2 WAS THE DIRECT CONSEQUENCES RULE FAIR? 173 XII 8.5.3 8.5.4 8.5.5
8.5.6 8.5.7 MODERN TORT LAW WHAT DAMAGE MUST BE FORESEEABLE? CONFUSION
BETWEEN THE DUTY AND REMOTENESS LEVELS THE THIN SKULL RULE POLICY ISSUES
IN REMOTENESS APPLYING THE RULES: AN EXAMPLE 174 176 176 178 178 8.6
JUSTIFICATION FOR THE REMOTENESS RULES 179 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 8 180 9
BREACH OF STATUTORY DUTY 183 9.1 WHAT MUST BEPROVED? 184 9.1.1 THE
STATUTE WAS INTENDED TO CREATE CIVIL LIABILITY 184 9.1.2 THE STATUTORY
DUTY WAS OWED TO THE INDIVIDUAI CLAIMANT 187 9.1.3 THE STATUTORY DUTY
WAS IMPOSED ON THE PARTICULAR DEFENDANT 188 9.1.4 THE DEFENDANT WAS IN
BREACH OF THE STATUTORY DUTY 188 9.1.5 THE DAMAGE MUST BE OF A TYPE
WHICH THE STATUTE CONTEMPLATED 191 9.1.6 THE INJURY MUST HA VE BEEN
CAUSED BY THE DEFENDANT S BREACH OF STATUTORY DUTY 192 9.1.7 BREACHES OF
EUROPEAN LEGISLAN ON 192 9.2 DEFENCES 192 9.2.1 THE EMPLOYMENT CONTEXT
193 9.2.2 CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE 193 9.2.3 DELEGATION 193 9.3 HUMAN
RIGHTS DEVELOPMENTS 193 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 9 194 10 OCCUPIERS LIABILITY
197 10.1 INTRODUCTION 197 10.1.1 APPLICATION OF COMMON LAW 197 10.2
LIABILITY UNDER THE OCCUPIERS LIABILITY ACT 1957 199 10.2.1 WHAT IS
MEANT BY THE WORD OCCUPIER ? 200 10.2.2 WHAT IS MEANT BY THE
WORD PREMISES ? 200 10.2.3 WHAT IS THE COMMON DUTY OF CARE ? 201 10.3
CHILDREN 201 10.3.1 THE ALLUREMENT PRINCIPLE 202 10.3.2 DUTIES TO
CONTRACTORS 203 10.3.3 RISKS ORDINARILY INCIDENTAL TO PARTICULAR
OCCUPATIONS 203 CONTENTS 10.4 DISCHARGE OF THE DUTY OF CARE 203 10.4.1
EXAMPLES OF WARNING NOTICES 205 10.5 EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY 206 10.5.1
BUSINESS OCCUPIERS 206 10.5.2 PRIVATE OCCUPIERS 206 10.5.3 THE
OCCUPIERS LIABILITY ACT 1984 CONCESSION TO BUSINESS OCCUPIERS 207
10.5.4 EXCLUSIONS OF LIABILITY TO CONTRACTORS 207 10.5.5 LIABILITY OF
OCCUPIERS FOR DAMAGE AND INJURY CAUSED BY INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS 207
10.6 DEFENCES AVAILABLE UNDER THE OCCUPIERS LIABILITY ACT 1957 208
10.6.1 VOLENTI (CONSENT) 208 10.6.2 CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE 209 10.7
LIABILITY FOR PERSONS OTHER THAN VISITARE 209 10.7.1 TRESPASSERS
DEFINED 209 10.7.2 THE HARSH COMMON LAW CASES 210 10.7.3 A CHANGE OF
POLICY 210 10.7.4 THE DUTY OF COMMON HUMANITY 211 10.8 LIABILITY UNDER
THE OCCUPIERS LIABILITY ACT 1984 212 10.8.1 PERSONS EXERCISING A
STATUTORY RIGHT OF WAY 212 10.8.2 PERSONS EXERCISING A PRIVATE RIGHT OF
WAY 212 10.8.3 TRESPASSERS, BOTH CHILDREN AND ADULTS 213 10.9 THE NATURE
OF THE STATUTORY DUTY 216 10.10 EXCLUDING LIABILITY UNDER THE
OCCUPIERS LIABILITY ACT 1984 216 10.11 LIABILITY OF PEOPLE OTHER THAN
OCCUPIERS FOR DANGEROUS PREMISES 216 10.11.1 INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS 217
10.11.2 LANDLORDS 217 10.11.3 BUILDERS 219 10.11.4 DEVELOPMENTS AT
COMMON LAW 219 10.11.5 LIMITATIONS TO S 1 220 10.12 COUNTRYSIDE AND
RIGHTS OF WAY ACT 2000 222 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 10 223 11 TORTS RELATING
TO LAND 227 11.1 INTRODUCTION 227 MODERN TORT LAW 11.2 TRESPASS TO LAND
227 11.2.1 OUTLINE DEFINITION 227 11.2.2 DIRECT INTERFERENCE 228 11.2.3
ENTERING UPON LAND 228 11.2.4 TRESPASS TO THE AIRSPACE 229 11.2.5
TRESPASS TO THE GROUND BENEATH THE SURFACE 229 11.2.6 TRESPASS BY ENTRY
ONTO THE LAND ITSELF 230 11.2.7 TRESPASS BY REMAINING ON LAND 230 11.2.8
TRESPASS BY PLACING THINGS ON LAND 231 11.2.9 TRESPASS TO THE HIGHWAY
231 11.2.10 IN THE POSSESSION OF THE CLAIMANT 232 11.2.11
WITHOUTLAWFULJUSTIFICATION(DEFENCES) 232 11.2.12 TRESPASS IS ACTIONABLE
PER SE 235 11.3 REMEDIES FOR TRESPASS 235 11.3.1 DAMAGES 235 11.3.2
INJUNCTIONS 236 11.3.3 A CLAIM FOR RECOVERY OF THE LAND 236 11.3.4
RE-ENTRY AND DEFENCE OF PROPERTY 236 11.3.5 AN ACTION FOR MESNE PROFITS
237 11.3.6 DISTRESS DAMAGE FEASANT 237 11.4 NUISANCE 237 11.5 STATUTORY
NUISANCE 238 11.6 PUBLIC NUISANCE 238 11.6.1 OUTLINE DEFINITION 238
11.6.2 MATERIALITY 238 11.6.3 REASONABLE COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE 239
11.6.4 A CLASS OF HER MAJESTY S SUBJECTS 240 11.7 HIGHWAY NUISANCE 240
11.7.1 UNREASONABLE USE AND OBSTRUCTION OF THE HIGHWAY 240 11.7.2
THREATS TO THE HIGHWAY FROM ADJOINING PREMISES 242 11.7.3 DEFENCES TO
PUBLIC NUISANCE 243 11.8 REMEDIES FOR PUBLIC NUISANCE 244 11.8.1 DAMAGES
244 11.8.2 INJUNCTIONS 245 CONTENTS XV 11.9 THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE NUISANCE 245 11.10 PRIVATE NUISANCE 245 11.10.1
OUTLINE DEFINITION 246 11.10.2 CONTINUOUS INTERFERENCE 246 11.10.3
UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE 247 11.10.4 INDIRECT INTERFERENCE 252 11.10.5
INTERFERENCE WITH THE USE OR ENJOYMENT OF LAND OR SOME RIGHT OVER OR IN
CONNECTION WITH IT 253 11.10.6 WHO CAN SUE IN PRIVATE NUISANCE? 256
11.10.7 PROOF OF DAMAGE IS USUALLY NECESSARY 257 11.10.8 THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRIVATE NUISANCE AND NEGLIGENCE 257 11.10.9 WHO CAN
BE SUED FOR PRIVATE NUISANCE? 259 11.11 DEFENCES TO PRIVATE NUISANCE 261
11.11.1 PRESCRIPTION 261 11.11.2 STATUTORY AUTHORITY 262 11.12 REMEDIES
FOR PRIVATE NUISANCE 263 11.12.1 DAMAGES 263 11.12.2 INJUNCTION 236
11.12.3 ABATEMENTOF THE NUISANCE 236 11.12.4 ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
ORDERS 264 11.12.5 PARTY WALL, ETC, ACT 1996 AND HIGH HEDGES BILL 2003
264 11.13 THE RULE IN RYLANDS V FLETCHER 264 11.13.1 FACTS OF THE CASE
265 11.13.2 THE RULE 265 11.13.3 THE PERSON WHO BRINGS ONTA HIS LAND 265
11.13.4 FOR HIS OWN PURPOSES 265 11.13.5 NON-NATURAL USER 266 11.13.6
SOMETHING LIKELY TO DO MISCHIEF 266 11.13.7 ESCAPE 266 11.13.8 WHO CAN
SUE UNDER RYLANDS V FLETCHER AND FOR WHAT DAMAGE 267 11.13.9 IS PRIMA
FACIE ANSWERABLE FOR ALI THE DAMAGE WHICH IS THE NATURAI CONSEQUENCE OF
THE ESCAPE 267 11.13.10 DEFENCES 268 11.13.11 WHAT WILL BECOME OF THE
RULE IN RYLANDS V FLETCHER? 269 MODERN TORT LAW 11.14 LIABILITY FOR FIRE
11.14.1 COMMON LAW 11.14.2 STATUTE 11.15 DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN VARIOUS
TORTS TO LAND SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 11 12 LIABILITY FOR ANIMALS 12.1 COMMON
LAW RELATING TO ANIMALS 12.1.1 THE COMMON LAW RULES 12.1.2 NUISANCE
12.1.3 TRESPASS 12.1.4 DEFAMATION 12.1.5 STATUTORY NUISANCES 12.2 THE
ANIMALS ACT 1971 12.2.1 DANGEROUS SPECIES 12.2.2 NON-DANGEROUS SPECIES
12.2.3 DAMAGE 12.2.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PARTICULAR ANIMAI 12.2.5 THE
LIKELIHOOD OF THE DAMAGE BEING CAUSED OR OF ITS BEING SEVERE 12.2.6
CHARACTERISTICS KNOWN TO THAT KEEPER, ETC 12.2.7 DEFENCES 12.2.8 DAMAGE
BY DOGS TO LIVESTOCK 12.3 LIVESTOCK 12.3.1 TRESPASSING LIVESTOCK 12.3.2
DEFINITION 12.3.3 DEFENCES 12.4 REMOTENESS OF DAMAGE 12.5 DAMAGES
SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 12 13 TRESPASS TO THE PERSON 13.1 INTRODUCTION 13.2
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIVIL LAW AND CRIMINAL INJURIES COMPENSATION
13.3 THE CRIMINAL INJURIES COMPENSATION SCHEME 13.4 COMPENSATION ORDERS
13.4.1 AN IMPORTANT DRAWBACK 269 270 271 271 273 279 279 279 280 280 280
280 281 281 282 283 283 284 284 285 286 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 291
291 291 292 292 293 CONTENTS 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.10 ACTIONS
AGAINST THE POLICE ASSAULT AND BATTERY 13.6.1 ASSAULT 13.6.2 BATTERY
FALSE IMPRISONMENT 13.7.1 RESTRAINT IS NECESSARY 13.7.2 RESTRAINT MUST
BE TOTAL 13.7.3 KNOWLEDGE OF THE RESTRAINT AT THE RIME IS NOT
NECESSARY 13.7.4 EXAMPLES DEFENCES TO ASSAULT, BATTERY AND FALSE
IMPRISONMENT 13.8.1 SELF-DEFENCE 13.8.2 CONSENT 13.8.3 SPORTS 13.8.4
BRAWLS 13.8.5 REASONABLE CHASTISEMENT 13.8.6 MEDICAI TREATMENT 13.8.7
CHILDREN 13.8.8 EMERGENCIES 13.8.9 CONSENT TO THE TAKING OF BODILY
SAMPLES 13.8.10 LAWFUL ARREST, DETENTION AND STOP AND SEARCH 13.8.11
PROPORTIONALITY 13.8.12 LIMITATIONS REMEDIES THE TORT IN WILKINSON V
DOVMTON SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 13 14 EMPLOYERS LIABILITY 14.1 14.2 14.3 AN
OVERVIEW PRIMARY LIABILITY 14.2.1 INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS 14.2.2
NON-DELEGABLE DUTIES COMMON LAW DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS TO EMPLOYEES 14.3.1
DUTY TO EMPLOY COMPETENT STAFF 14.3.2 DUTY TO PROVIDE PROPER PLANT AND
EQUIPMENT 14.3.3 DUTY TO PROVIDE A SAFE WORKPLACE 14.3.4 DUTY TO PROVIDE
SAFE WORK SYSTEMS 293 294 295 295 297 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300
300 301 301 304 305 305 306 307 308 308 309 310 313 313 315 315 315 317
317 317 318 319 XVIII MODERN TORT LAW 14.3.5 DUTY TO ENSURE HEALTH AND
SAFETY 322 14.3.6 MUTUAL DUTY OF TRUST AND CONFIDENCE 330 14.4 BREACH OF
STATUTORY DUTY 331 14.5 NEW STATUTORY DUTIES 331 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 14
333 15 PRODUCT LIABILITY 335 15.1 THE POSITION IN CONTRACT 335 15.1.1
DISADVANTAGES OF CONTRACT 335 15.2 CREDIT USERS 335 15.3 THE POSITION IN
TORT 336 15.3.1 DISADVANTAGES OF TORT 336 15.3.2 CONTINUED RELEVANCE OF
NEGLIGENCE 338 15.4 CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 338 15.4.1 WHOISLIABLE?
338 15.4.2 JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY 339 15.4.3 DEFINITION OF A
PRODUCT 339 15.4.4 DEFINITION OF A DEFECT 340 15.4.5 WARNINGS, LABELLING
AND GET-UP 341 15.4.6 TIMING 341 15.4.7 THE TYPE OF DAMAGE TO WHICH
STRICT LIABILITY APPLIES 342 15.4.8 LIMITARIONS 343 15.4.9 DEFENCES
UNDER THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 (S 4) 343 15.5 WHAT DIFFERENCE
DOES THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987 REALLY MAKE? 345 SUMMARY OF
CHAPTER 15 348 16 VICARIOUS LIABILITY 351 16.1 VICARIOUS LIABILITY 351
16.2 EMPLOYEES OR INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS? 352 16.3 THE NATURE OF THE
EMPLOYMENT TEST 352 16.4 THE CONTROL TEST 353 16.4.1 PROFESSIONAL
PEOPLE S PERCEPTIONS AND THE CONTROL TEST 353 16.4.2 SKILLED WORKERS
PERCEPTIONS AND THE CONTROL TEST 354 16.5 THE INTEGRAI PART OF THE
BUSINESS TEST 355 16.5.1 WHO OWNS THE TOOLS? 356 16.5.2 IS THE WORKER
PAID A WAGE OR A LUMP SUM FOR THE JOB? 356 CONTENTS 16.5.3 WAS THE
WORKER IN BUSINESS ON HIS OWN ACCOUNT? 16.5.4 WHO HAD THE POWER TO HIRE
AND FIRE THE EMPLOYEE? 16.6 SOME MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS 16.6.1 EMPLOYEES
ON LOAN 16.6.2 CARS ON LOAN 16.7 THE COURSE OF EMPLOYMENT 16.7.1
AUTHORISED AND UNAUTHORISED ACTS 16.7.2 WRONGFUL MODES OF DOING
AUTHORISED ACTS 16.8 THE LISTER V ROMFORD ICE PRINCIPLE SUMMARY OF
CHAPTER 16 17 TRESPASS TO GOODS 17.1 THE COMMON LAW 17.1.1 TRESPASS TO
GOODS 17.1.2 CONVERSION 17.1.3 ACTION FOR DAMAGE TO REVERSIONARY
INTERESTS IN GOODS 17.1.4 TORTS (INTERFERENCE WITH GOODS) ACT 1977
17.1.5 REMEDIES FOR CONVERSION SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 17 18 DEFAMATION AND
OTHER TORTS AFFECTING THE REPUTATION 18.1 FREEDOM OF SPEECH, THE MEDIA
AND THE LAW 18.2 LIBEL AND SLANDER 18.2.1 DISTINCTION 18.3 WHO CAN SUE
FOR DEFAMATION? 18.4 A WORKING DEFINITION OF DEFAMATION 18.4.1
PUBLICATION 18.4.2 EXAMPLES OF PUBLICATION 18.4.3 STATEMENTS WHICH WERE
NOT PUBLISHED 18.4.4 A DEFAMATORY STATEMENT 18.4.5 WHO DECIDES? 18.4.6
INNUENDO 18.4.7 REFERRING TO THE CLAIMANT 18.4.8 MALICE 18.5 WITHOUT
LAWFUL JUSTIFICATION - DEFENCES 18.5.1 INNOCENT DISSEMINATION 356 356
356 357 357 358 358 358 361 362 363 363 363 364 365 365 366 367 369 369
371 372 373 373 374 374 375 375 377 378 378 379 380 380 MODERN TORT LAW
18.5.2 VOLENTI (CONSENT) 381 18.5.3 ACCORD AND SATISFACTION 381 18.5.4
APOLOGY AND PAYMENT INTO COURT 381 18.5.5 APOLOGY AND MITIGATION 382
18.5.6 OFFER OF AMENDS PROCEDURE UNDER S 3 OF THE DEFAMATION ACT 1996,
EMBODIED IN CPR PT 53 382 18.5.7 UNQUALIFIED OFFER OF AMENDS UNDER S 2
OF THE DEFAMATION ACT 1996 382 18.5.8 JUSTIFICATION OR TRUTH 382 18.5.9
UNINTENTIONAL DEFAMATION 385 18.5.10 ABSOLUTE PRIVILEGE 386 18.5.11
QUALIFIED PRIVILEGE 387 18.5.12 FAIR COMMENT ON A MATTER OF PUBLIC
INTEREST 391 18.5.13 LIMITATION PERIOD 393 18.6 REMEDIES FOR DEFAMATION
393 18.6.1 INJUNCTIONS 394 18.6.2 DAMAGES 394 18.7 A NEW APPROACH
RELYING ON ART 10 OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS 396 18.8
PROPOSALS TO REFORM THE LAW OF DEFAMATION 398 18.8.1 THE FAULKS
COMMITTEE S PROPOSALS 398 18.8.2 THE LORD CHANCELLOR S PROPOSALS 399
18.8.3 DEFAMATION ACT 1996 400 18.9 MALICIOUS FALSEHOOD 400 18.10
MALICIOUS PROSECUTION 401 18.10.1 A PROSECUTION 402 18.10.2 WITHOUT
REASONABLE AND PROBABLE CAUSE 403 18.10.3 INITIATED BY MALICE 403
18.10.4 THE CASE MUST BE RESOLVED IN THE CLAIMANT S FAVOUR 403 18.10.5
DAMAGE 403 18.11 MALICIOUS ABUSE OF PROCESS 403 18.12 A WIDER PROTECTION
FOR PRIVACY? 404 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 18 405 19 REMEDIES IN TORT 409 19.1
DAMAGES 409 19.1.1 HOW ACCURATE IS TORT COMPENSATION? 409 CONTENTS XXI
19.1.2 HOW FAIR IS TORT COMPENSATION? 410 19.1.3 HOW EFFICIENT IS TORT
COMPENSATION? 411 19.2 TYPES OF DAMAGES 413 19.2.1 NOMINAI DAMAGES 413
19.2.2 COMPENSATORY DAMAGES 413 19.2.3 CONTEMPTUOUS DAMAGES 413 19.2.4
AGGRAVATED DAMAGES 414 19.2.5 PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES 414 19.3
CALCULATION OF SPECIAL DAMAGES 415 19.3.1 REASONABLE EXPENSES TO THE
DATE OF THE TRIAL 416 19.3.2 EXPENSES TO COVER SPECIAL FACILITIES 418
19.4 CALCULATION OF GENERAI DAMAGES 419 19.5 PECUNIARY LOSSES 419 19.5.1
LOSS OF FUTURE EARNINGS AND INITIAL CARE 419 19.5.2 INCOME TAX 422
19.5.3 THE LOST YEARS 423 19.5.4 LOSS OF FUTURE EARNINGS AND VERY YOUNG
CLAIMANTS 423 19.5.5 DEDUCTIONS 424 19.5.6 DEDUCTIONS FROM THE
MULTIPLIER 426 19.5.7 OTHER FUTURE LOSSES 427 19.6 NON-PECUNIARY LOSSES
433 19.6.1 PAIN AND SUFFERING 434 19.6.2 LOSS OF AMENITY 434 19.6.3
LEVELS OF GENERAI DAMAGES 435 19.6.4 DAMAGES FOR THE INJURY ITSELF 436
19.6.5 DAMAGES FOR BEREAVEMENT 436 19.6.6 INTERFERENCE WITH CONSORTIUM
437 19.7 DAMAGES PAYABLE ON DEATH 437 19.7.1 SURVIVAL OF EXISTING CAUSES
OF ACTION 437 19.7.2 DEATH AS A CAUSE OF ACTION: LOSS OF DEPENDENCY 439
19.7.3 WHO ARE THE DEPENDANTS? 439 19.7.4 ADJUSTING THE MULTIPLIER 441
19.7.5 FINANCIAL DEPENDENCY 441 19.7.6 NON-FINANCIAL DEPENDENCY 441
19.7.7 THE LAW COMMISSION REPORTS 443 XXII MODERN TORT LAW 19.8 INTEREST
ON DAMAGES 443 19.9 NEW METHODS OF PAYING DAMAGES IN PERSONAL INJURY
CASES 443 19.9.1 SPLIT TRIALS AND INTERIM DAMAGES 443 19.9.2 PROVISIONAI
DAMAGES 445 19.9.3 STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS 446 19.10 PROPERTY DAMAGE 447
19.11 ECONOMIE LOSS 447 19.12 INJUNCTIONS 448 19.13 OTHER REMEDIES IN
TORT 449 19.14 JOINT AND SEVERAL TORTFEASORS 449 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 19
450 20 DEFENCES 453 20.1 CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE 453 20.1.1 DEVELOPMENT
OF THE LAW 453 20.1.2 THE LAST OPPORTUNITY RULE 453 20.1.3 LAW REFORM
(CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE) ACT 1945 454 20.1.4 THE STANDARD OF CARE IN
CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE 454 20.1.5 CAUSATION IN CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE
455 20.1.6 DRUNK DRIVERS 456 20.1.7 WHO BENEFITS FROM THE RULE? 457 20.2
VOLENTI NONFIT INJURIA (CONSENT) 458 20.2.1 DANGEROUSJOBS 459 20.2.2
DANGEROUS SPORTS 460 20.2.3 DRUNK DRIVERS 460 20.2.4 RESCUERS 460 20.3
CONSENT IN THE MEDICAI CONTEXT 461 20.3.1 TRESPASS TO THE PERSON 461
20.3.2 NEGLIGENCE 464 20.3.3 INFORMED CONSENT 464 20.4 EXCLUSION CLAUSES
AND CONSENT 465 20.5 EX TURPI CAUSA NON ORITUR ACTIO (ILLEGALITY) 465
20.6 INEVITABLE ACCIDENT 467 20.7 MISTAKE 468 20.8 NECESSITY 468
CONTENTS 20.9 SELF-DEFENCE AND DEFENCE OF PROPERTY 469 20.10 LIMITATION
OF ACTIONS 469 20.10.1 LIMITATION PERIOD IN TORT 469 20.10.2 LIMITATION
PERIOD IN DEFAMATION 470 20.10.3 LIMITATION PERIOD IN PERSONAL INJURIES
CASES 470 20.10.4 LATENT DAMAGE 470 20.10.5 CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1987
471 20.10.6 PERSONS UNDER A DISABILITY 471 20.11 ACCRUAL OF THE CAUSE OF
ACTION 471 20.11.1 CLAIMS OUTSIDE THE LIMITATION PERIOD 473 SUMMARY OF
CHAPTER 20 475 21 CRITICISMSOFTORT-REFORMS 479 21.1 SOME CRITICISMS OF
THE RULES OF TORT 479 21.1.1 FAULT 479 21.1.2 UNCERTAINTY 479 21.1.3
FAILURE TO MEET ITS OBJECTIVES 480 21.1.4 INEFFICIENCY 480 21.2
CRITICISMS OF THE LEGAI SYSTEM 480 21.3 REFORM OF TORT 481 21.3.1 CIVIL
PROCEDURE RULES 1998 481 21.3.2 FUNDING OF CLAIMS 483 21.3.3 REFORM OF
TORT LAW THROUGH THE HUMAN RIGHTS ACT 1998 484 21.4 THE VALUE OF TORT
484 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 21 485 INDEX 487
|
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| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | 6. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV019842125 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:07:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1859419763 9781859419762 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2004271842 |
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| spelling | Harpwood, Vivienne Verfasser aut Modern tort law Vivienne Harpwood 6. ed. London [u.a.] Cavendish 2005 LXX, 510 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Torts England Torts Wales Unerlaubte Handlung (DE-588)4061688-5 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Unerlaubte Handlung (DE-588)4061688-5 s DE-604 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013166997&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Harpwood, Vivienne Modern tort law Torts England Torts Wales Unerlaubte Handlung (DE-588)4061688-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4061688-5 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | Modern tort law |
| title_auth | Modern tort law |
| title_exact_search | Modern tort law |
| title_full | Modern tort law Vivienne Harpwood |
| title_fullStr | Modern tort law Vivienne Harpwood |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modern tort law Vivienne Harpwood |
| title_short | Modern tort law |
| title_sort | modern tort law |
| topic | Torts England Torts Wales Unerlaubte Handlung (DE-588)4061688-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Torts England Torts Wales Unerlaubte Handlung Großbritannien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013166997&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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