Understanding syntax:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Arnold
2005
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Understanding language series
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 266 S. |
| ISBN: | 0340810327 9780340810323 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
Acknowledgements xi
Acknowledgements to the first edition xiii
A note to the instructor: changes to the second edition xv
Note to the reader xvii
List of abbreviations used in examples xix
1 What is syntax? 1
1.1 Some concepts and misconceptions 1
1.1.1 What is the study of syntax about? 1
1.1.2 Language change 8
1.2 Use of linguistic examples 11
1.2.1 Why not just use examples from English? 11
1.2.2 How to read linguistic examples 12
1.3 Why do languages have syntax? 17
1.3.1 Word order 18
1.3.2 Promotion and demotion processes 20
1.3.3 All languages have structure 22
Further reading 24
Exercises 24
2 Words belong to different classes 29
2.1 Identifying word classes 29
2.1.1 How can we tell that words belong to different classes? 29
2.1.2 Starting to identify nouns, adjectives and verbs 30
2.1.3 An illustration: How do speakers of a language identify word
classes? 33
2.2 Syntax of the major word classes 35
2.2.1 An introduction to verb classes 36
2.2.2 The noun phrase 38
2.2.3 The adjective phrase 44
2.2.4 The preposition phrase 47
2.2.5 Adverbs 49
2.2.6 Summary 51
2.3 Grammatical categories 51
2.3.1 Introduction 52
2.3.2 Grammatical categories for nouns 53
2.3.3 Grammatical categories for verbs 55
2.3.4 Grammatical categories for adjectives 59
2.3.5 Grammatical categories for adpositions 60
2.3.6 Summary 61
Further reading 61
Exercises 61
3 Looking inside sentences 68
3.1 Simple sentences and finiteness 68
3.1.1 The clause and the simple sentence 68
3.1.2 Finiteness and auxiliaries 70
3.1.3 Non finite verbs 73
3.1.4 Summary 76
3.2 Introduction to complex sentences 76
3.2.1 Definitions and examples: Matrix and subordinate clauses 76
3.2.2 Distinguishing matrix and subordinate clauses in English 80
3.3 Cross linguistic variation in clause types 83
3.3.1 Languages without infinitival clauses 83
3.3.2 Inflected infinitival clauses 84
3.3.3 The co ordination strategy 85
3.3.4 Nominalization 86
3.3.5 Serial verbs 87
3.3.6 Summary 89
Further reading 89
Exercises 90
4 Head words and phrases 95
4.1 Heads and their dependents 95
4.1.1 What is a head? 95
4.1.2 The influence of heads on their dependents 96
4.1.3 Summary: The properties of heads 98
4.1.4 More about dependents: Adjuncts and complements 98
4.1.5 More about verb classes: Verbs and their complements 100
4.1.6 Other heads and their complements 102
4.1.7 Summary: The main properties of complements vs. adjuncts 104
4.1.8 Determiners and nouns: Which is the head? 104
4.1.9 Phrases within phrases 105
4.2 Where does the head occur in a phrase? Head initial and
head final languages 106
4.2.1 Head initial languages 106
4.2.2 Head final languages 107
4.2.3 An exercise on head initial and head final constructions 108
4.3 Head marking and dependent marking languages 109
4.3.1 Definitions and illustrations: Syntactic relationships between
heads and dependents 109
4.3.2 Head preposition/postposition and its NP object 110
4.3.3 The clause: A head verb and the arguments of the verb 111
4.3.4 Head noun and dependent possessor NP 113
4.3.5 Head noun and dependent AP 113
4.3.6 An exercise on head marking and dependent marking 114
4.3.7 Some typological distinctions between languages 115
4.3.8 Summary 118
Further reading 118
Exercises 118
5 How do we identify constituents? 123
5.1 Discovering the structure of sentences 123
5.1.1 Evidence of structure in sentences 123
5.1.2 Some syntactic tests for constituent structure 125
5.1.3 Introduction to constituent structure trees 129
5.1.4 Summary 134
5.2 Relationships within the tree 134
5.3 Developing detailed tree diagrams and tests for constituent structure 137
5.3.1 Verb classes and constituent structure tests 137
5.3.2 The co ordination test for constituency 144
5.3.3 Do all languages have the same constituents? 146
5.3.4 An introduction to the bar notation 147
5.4 Summary 150
Further reading 150
Exercises 151
6 Relationships within the clause 155
6.1 Introduction 155
6.2 Order of phrases within the clause 156
6.2.1 Basic and marked orders 156
6.2.2 Variations of order 158
6.2.3 Statistical patterns 158
6.3 Case systems 160
6.3.1 Ways of dividing core arguments 160
6.3.2 Nominative/accusative systems 162
6.3.3 Ergative/absolutive systems 163
6.3.4 Split systems 164
6.3.5 Marked and unmarked forms 166
6.4 Agreement 166
6.5 Grammatical relations 171
6.5.1 Introduction 171
6.5.2 Subjects: Typical cross linguistic properties 172
6.5.3 An examination of subjects in specific languages 173
6.5.4 Objects 179
6.6 Summary 181
Further reading 181
Exercises 82
7 Processes that change grammatical relations 188
7.1 Passives 188
7.1.1 The passive construction and transitive verbs 188
7.1.2 The passive construction and intransitive verbs 193
7.2 The antipassive 194
7.3 The applicative construction 201
7.4 The causative construction 205
Further reading 209
Exercises 209
8 WA constructions: questions and relative clauses 217
8.1 WTi Questions 217
8.1.1 Languages with Wi movement 217
8.1.2 Languages with w/i in situ wft questions 221
8.1.3 Multiple w/i questions 222
8.2 Focus and other movements 225
8.3 Relative clauses 228
8.3.1 Relative clauses in English 228
8.3.2 Cross linguistic variation in relative clauses 231
8.4 Some conclusions 234
Further reading 234
Exercises 234
9 Conclusion 241
Sources of data used in examples 244
Glossary 247
References 252
Language index 259
Subject index 262
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Tallerman, Maggie 1957- Verfasser (DE-588)136668801 aut Understanding syntax Maggie Tallerman 2. ed. London [u.a.] Arnold 2005 266 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Understanding language series Grammatik Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax Syntax (DE-588)4058779-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Syntax (DE-588)4058779-4 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013148386&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Understanding syntax |
| title_auth | Understanding syntax |
| title_exact_search | Understanding syntax |
| title_full | Understanding syntax Maggie Tallerman |
| title_fullStr | Understanding syntax Maggie Tallerman |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding syntax Maggie Tallerman |
| title_short | Understanding syntax |
| title_sort | understanding syntax |
| topic | Grammatik Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax Syntax (DE-588)4058779-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Grammatik Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax Syntax Einführung |
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