The western question in Greece and Turkey: a study in the contact of civilisations
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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London ; Bombay ; Sidney
Constable
1922
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| Schlagworte: | |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Toynbee, Arnold |d 1889-1975 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)118623532 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The western question in Greece and Turkey |b a study in the contact of civilisations |c by Arnold J. Toynbee |
| 264 | 1 | |a London ; Bombay ; Sidney |b Constable |c 1922 | |
| 300 | |a XIV S., 1 Bl., 420 S., 1 Karte |b Kt. |c 23 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1918-1922 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1914-1921 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Weltkrieg (1914-1918) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Eastern question (Balkan) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a World War, 1914-1918 |x Atrocities | |
| 650 | 4 | |a World War, 1914-1918 |x Territorial questions |z Turkey | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Türkei | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Türkei |0 (DE-588)4061163-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Osmanisches Reich |0 (DE-588)4075720-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Griechenland |0 (DE-588)4022047-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Osmanisches Reich |0 (DE-588)4075720-1 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Geschichte 1914-1921 |A z |
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| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Türkei |0 (DE-588)4061163-2 |D g |
| 689 | 1 | 2 | |a Geschichte 1918-1922 |A z |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1808861397942009856 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
СИ
A P. PAO
В
PREFACE
.
vii
NOTE ON
SPELLING
. xiii
I. THE SHADOW OF THE WEST
1
II. WESTERN DIPLOMACY
. 37
III. GREECE AND TURKEY IN THE VICIOUS CIRCLE
. 63
IV. THE BACKGROUND IN ANATOLIA
. . .107
Two Ruined Cities
. . . . .148
V. GREEK AND TURKISH GOVERNMENT
. . .153
A Journey through the Mountains
. . .196
An Agricultural Experiment
. 201
Greek Prisons at Smyrna
. 204
The Turkish National Pact
. 207
VI. THE MILITARY STALEMATE
. . . .211
The Battle of In
Önu
. 246
The Origin of a Legend
. 254
VII.
THE WAR OF EXTERMINATION
. . .259
Yalova
. 299
The Area of the Organised Atrocities
. . 311
VIII.
NEW FACTS AND OLD VIEWS
. . . .320
TABLE OF DATES
. 365
LIST OF BOOKS
. 371
ADDITIONAL NOTE ON CHAPTER V
. . .387
ADDITIONAL NOTE ON CHAPTER
VII
. . .390
INDEX
. . . . . . . . 406
MAPS
THE THEATRE OF WAR IN WESTERN ANATOLIA, folding
out at the end of Chapter VI,
. 258
THE DANGER LINE OF
ÖMER
BEY
. . . .314
THE AUTHOR'S JOURNEYS IN
1921,
folding out at the end of
the volume
. 420
xx
INDEX
[Not including Table of Dates or List of Books or Additional Notts to
Chapters V. and
VII.)
Note
—
The letter
η
after a number means that the reference is to a footnote on
the page in question, but I have not added it in cases where there is a refer¬
ence to both text and footnote on the same page. Particular references to
certain general heads will be found classified respectively under these heads,
in alphabetical order, and not indexed separately. The heads are
:—
Соіопіез,
Commissione
of Inquiry, Conferences (including Congresses),
Education, Elections, Languages, Law, Minorities, Navies, Railways, Re¬
fugees (including Deportees), Revolutions, Treaties (including Agreements,
Conventions, and Protocols), and Wars.
Abbasid Empire
:
есе
Arab Empire.
Abdu'l-Hamid, Sultan
: 29, 131, 136-6,
166
n,
182-3, 202-4.
Abioi
: 339.
Abyssinians
: 359
n.
Adalia, Gulf of
: 216-17.
------
town of
: 61, 77, 120, 218, 226 ».
Adam.
: 347.
Adana
: 312
n,
Adnan Bey, Dr.
: 17»»
Adrianople
: 61.
Adriatic Sea
: 197.
Aegean Sea:
34, 37-8, 69, 88, 121-2,
132, 142, 149, 220, 222, 231
n,
239,
333.
Aeschylus
: 347.
Aetolia, Ancient
: 41.
Afghanistan
: 30, 46, 156.
Afium Kara
Hissar
: 57, 215-16, 218-19,
226
η,
228, 231, 233-4, 236, 239, 246.
Africa, Continent of
: 334.
■------
North
: 30, 35.
------
Tropical
: 46, 60
n.
Africans, South
: 334.
Ageeilaos, King
: 221.
Agra
:
see Taj Mahal.
Agreements
:
see Treaties.
Ahmed at Constantinople, Mosque of
Sultan
: 10.
Aidin, District of
: 290-1,319.
------
Town of:
123,
12Ő,
161-2, 161,
166«, 168, 193, 196-8, 226-7, 229,
273-4, 299.
------
Vilayet of
: 68, 71, 78, 116
(Princi¬
pality of),
120, 134
n,
280.
Ainegöl
: 247, 263.
Aivali, 17,95n,
121-2,126-7,141,143-4,
168, 332, 355
n.
------,
Aoademy of
: 122, 124.
Aivalyk
:
see Aivali.
Akbar, Emperor
: 10
n.
409
Akhissar, District of
: 318.
------
Town of
: 289-90.
Akkeui
(Kaza
of Yalova)
: 263, 301-0,
307, 311.
------
Acting
hoja
at
: 303.
Alashehir
: 173
n,
201, 229, 290.
Albania:
18-19, 69.
Albanians
:—
Moslem
:
І36
;
Ortho¬
dox
: 195.
Alcohol, Prohibition of
: 240.
Aleppo
: 56, 85.
Alexákis,
Mr.
Ioánnis
: 161
η.
Alexander the Great
: 22, 29, 128, 149,
222, 238.
——-
King of Greece
: 83.
Alexandretta
: 85
n.
Alexandria, Orthodox Patriarchate of
:
8.
Alfred, King
: 128.
Algeria:
211
n,
224.
Ali
Bey of
Ödemish
: 171
η.
AUenby, General Lord
: 86.
Allied Governments, Note of 11th
January
1917
to President Wilson
from the
: 328.
♦
Alpine
'
Racial Type
: 113,119.
Alsace-Lorraine
: 88-9.
Amanus Tunnel
: 85, 218.
Amasia,
San
j ak
of
: 311,
------
Town of
: 154.
Ambassadors, Conference of, concern¬
ing Aegean Islands
: 70.
Ambelákia
: 124.
America and American Citizens
:
stê
United States of America.
Amorion
: 218.
Anatolia
:—
Allied control-officers in
:
145-8, 153-4, 179, 186-7, 227, 270,
273 ;
Central and Eastern
: 107,
110-14, 146, 186-7, 192, 213-14, 218,
220, 224, 237 ;
Central Desert of
:
INDEX
407
59, 214, 217, 226
η,
231, 238 ;
Cradle
of Near Eastern Civilisation in
: 11,
109-10, 332 ;
Evacuation of, by
Greek Army
: 100, 299 ;
Feudalism
in East Roman:
110-14;
French
Zone in
: 49-60, 66-7, 104, 214 ;
In-
vasion
of, by Russians
(1916-18) :
60, 191, 213 ;
Italian Zone in
: 61-2,
Ő6-7,
151, 154, 161, 196-7, 201, 226
η
;
Plateau of
:
VI. passim
;
Western
:
17-18
(racial war in),
34-6
(Greek
military occupation),
68-71
(Mr.
Venizelos'a claims),
73-4, 84, 107,
114-15, 122-4
(Modern Greek coloni¬
sation in),
140-6
(Turkish reprisals
against Greeks in), Chapters V., VI.,
VII.
passim.
Anatolia College at
Marsovan
: 154.
Anglo-Franco-Russian Rivalry with
Germany in the East
: 44, 46.
———French correspondence concerning
the Franklin-Bouillon Agreement
:
106.
------
French Rivalry in the East
j
3,
44-62, 80, 83-106, 163, 254-8.
——
Russian Rivalry in the East
г
44,
46,
Angora
: 128, 154, 159, 162, 170, 179.
180, 190, 218-19, 226
n,
231, 237-8,
243, 275, 290, 333.
------
Government
:
see Turkish Na¬
tional Government.
Anna Comnena
: 7.
Anti och,
Ancient
: 222.
Antwerp
: 225.
Anzavur Bey Cherkesa
: 183-4.
Arab Empire, Ancient:
9, 22,
111,
194
n,
214«, 267-8.
Arab
:—
Nationalist Movement
: 18,
45, 47-9, 65, 86, 105
n,
117, 214;
Provinces of Ottoman Empire
: 49,
66, 136, 145, 189, 207, 209, 212.
Arabia
: 20.
Arabian Desert
: 213-14, 224.
Arătos
of Soloi (quoted by St. Paul)
:
364.
Archaeologists
:—
Austrian
ι
149 ;
Ger¬
man
: 65, 166
η
;
Western
: 238.
Archipelago, Aegean:
123, 231
n,
325.
Ar
daban
:
вее
Kars-Ardahan-Batum
District.
Argonauts
: 216.
Aristion
of Ancient Athens, Professor
:
178
n.
'
Aristomónis
and
Gorgo,
History of
' :
338.
Aristonikos of Ancient Pergamon
: 223.
Armenia:
18, 110
η
;
«β«
aleo Erivan,
Republic of.
Armenian
; —
National Home
: 96 ;
Nationalism
: 18 ;
Patriarchate at
Constantinople
: 187 ;
Vilayets of
Ottoman Empire (Cossack colonies
in)
: 60.
Armenians
:—
In Anatolia and Con¬
stantinople
: 32-3, 130, 136, 176, 191,
206, 271, 300, 307-8, 310, 323;
in
Ciliciai
84, 104
η,
119, 121;
in
Russia,
50 ;
massacred in
1895-7 :
17,27,261;
massacred in
1909 : 265,
269
η
;
massacred in
1916-22 : 49,
140, 143, 191, 265-6, 276-7, 280, 284,
291, 312-13, 342, 364;
British
Government's Blue Book on Treat¬
ment of (Miscellaneous No.
31, 1916) :
60, 266
n,
312
n.
'
Armenoid
*
Racial Type
: 113.
Armistice of 11th November
1918
with
Germany
: 262.
------
of 30th October
1918
with
Turkey:
3, 36, 77-9, 86, 117
n,
131,
145, 161, 163
n,
168, 178, 181, 187,
189, 207, 209, 212, 256, 320, 353.
Armudlu (Yalova-Gemlik Peninsula)
:
143, 148, 269, 276, 286, 293-6.
Arnautkeui (Bosphorus)
: 180
n.
------
(Yalova-Gemlik Peninsula)
: 282
n,
287 296
Arnold, Professor Sir T. W.
ι
114
η,
267 η.
Artemis of the Ephesians
: 150.
Asia, Central
:
111,
114, 203, 339, 342,
343
n.
Assumptionist Brothers at Ismid,
French
: 298.
Assyria, Ancient
t
213
п.
Athenian Confederacy, Ancient
: 220-1.
Athenians, Ancient
: 220-1, 364.
Athens, Academy at Ancient
: 336.
------
Modern
: —
Armed conflict in
(1st
December
1916) : 67, 89 ;
Dukes
of
: 38 ;
Government of Greek
Kingdom at
: 93, 98
n,
106
n,
163,
244
η
;
Holy Synod at
: 196 ;
People of
г
194, 242 ;
University
of
: 173.
Athos,
Mount
ι
333.
Atlantic Ocean
: 334.
Atrocities
:
passim.
Australasia
: 134, 334.
Australians
: —
Blackfellows
: 134 ;
Whites
: 134, 334.
Austrasian Franks
: 29.
Austria (Proper):
43, 112, 130, 132,
189, 323 ;
аев
aleo
Η
ар в
b ur g
Monarchy.
------
Hungary, see Hapsburg Monarchy.
Austrian Army
: 267.
Austriana, German
» 129, 132, 180.
Avghyn
: 256.
Aya Sofía :
30, 330.
Ayasoluk
(
"Modern Ephesus)
: 161.
Azerbaijan, Tranecauoasian Republic
of:
42-3.
Bafra, District of
: 289, 292.
------
Town of
: 289, 292.
Baghchejik (near Ismid)
: 292.
Baghcheshmó
(Ismid)
: 298.
Baghdad
: 66.
Baku
: 42.
Balena
Ova (Aidin Vilayet)
t
169.
Balfour, Sir Arthur
: 76.
408
THE WESTERN QUESTION
*
Balkanisation
*
î
25-7.
Balkan Peninsula»
108, 110, 160-1,
194
n,
219, 221-3, 279.
Balykesry
: 143.
Bantua
: 334.
Bashkirs
: 198.
Bashlamysh (Aidin Vilayet)
: 288.
Bashy-Bozuks
: 27, 279.
Basil u., East Roman Emperor
t
110
n.
Basques
; 342
n.
Basra
: 213.
Bas-Reliefs,
Ancient Egyptian
: 113.
Batum
: 257, 283
n
;
see also Kara-
Ardahan-Batum District.
Bavarians
: 65.
Bayndyr, District of
: 290, 318.
Bazar Keui
:
see Pazarkeui.
Beicos
: 276.
Beirut
: 66, 213.
Beirut, American College at
:
26Θ.
Bekir Samy
Bey
: 93
n,
94, 97
n.
Belfast
: 262.
Belgians and Belgium
: 16, 26, 83,
226, 262, 275, 342.
Beneă,
Dr.
: 43.
Benghazi
: 362.
Bergama, District of
ι
166
n,
161, 170.
------
Town of
: 123-6, 140, 143, 168,
227
Bible:
119, 193-4.
Bigha, Peninsula of
: 47, 67
n,
183.
'
Big Three
*
at Peace Conference of
Paris
: 78-9.
Bismarck, Prince
:
é.
*
Black and Tans
* : 262.
Bltłckf
ellowg
:
вее
Australians,
s.v.
Black Sea
: 34, 69, 68, 160, 162, 194
n,
216, 283
n,
291, 313.
------------
Riverains of
: 48, 71, 92.
Blockade, Naval, during European
War
: 26, 67.
Boars, Wild
: 199.
Bohemia:
112, 269.
Bohemians, German
: 129.
Bolsheviks
:
see Revolutions, Russian
and Russia, Soviet Government of,
at Moscow.
Bosnia-Herzegovina
: 211
n,
362.
Bosniaks
: 139.
Bosphorus
: 71, 78.
Boz Oyuk
: 248, 250-1.
Breslau,
University of
ι
178
л.
Bristol, Admiral
: 78.
British
:—
Army
: 20, 32-3, 86, 88, 164,
229
n,
235
n,
239, 252 ;
Columbians
:
134 ;
Empire {including Qreat
Britain)
: 31, 34-6, 40, 42, 117»», 171,
174, 189-90, 211
n,
264, 348, 352-3,
360-1.
Brooke, Rajah
: 38.
Brusa
: 10
(Green
Moşque
at),
115, 143,
167
n
(Military Hospital at),
169
n,
216, 228-30, 232-6, 240-1
(Turkish
officer prisoners at),
246, 249, 253-5,
256
(Military Hospital at),
294, 299,
317.
Brussels
: 166
n.
Bryce
Reporta
: 80 ;
вее
also Armenians·
British Government's Blue Book on
Treatment of.
Bryony, H.M.S.
: 264, 286-6-
Bulduri
218.
Bulgaria
: 18, 27-8, 43-4, 64-7, 69, 71-2,
96, 196, 239, 244, 323-4, 362.
Bulgars:
44, 91, 110, 120
n,
129, 136,
138, 161, 176, 323, 342.
Bureaucracy
t
132.
Byzantine
:
see East Roman.
------
Churches
: 129, 160.
Californians
t
134.
Caliphate, Ottoman
: 24, 28-32, 182-6,
208, 210,
3&2.
Caliphs, Arab
:
see Arab Empire,
Ancient.
Calthorpe, Admiral
: 78.
Calvinism
: 8.
Capetian
Dynasty of France
: 110.
Capitulations
ι
94, 163, 189, 209-210,
321, 368.
'
Cappadocia
·
t
119, 124, 194.
Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace
: 138
n.
Carolingien
Dynasty
ι
11, 29.
Carpet-making
: 170, 366-6.
Carthage, Ancient
: 41.
Caspian Sea
: 194
n,
213.
Catholic Church
t
184, 329*330, 346.
Catholics,
Boman:
26
(Irish),
118
η
(Arabic-speaking),
132
(English),
262
(in Ulster).
Cats, Angora
: 357.
Cattaro
: 334.
Caucasia, Northern
: 281.
Caucasus Mountains
: 213, 224.
Cayster, River
: 149, 161, 200-2, 229.
Chalyjakeui
(Kaza
of Yalova)
: 311.
Chamberlain, Mr. Austen
: 97 ».
Chanak
Kalé
(Dardanelles)
: 65, 184.
Charlemagne
ι
29
(sword and orown
of),
268.
Charles, late ex-King of Hungary
: 90.
Chatalja Lines
: 68, 71, 138.
Chengeller (near Gemlik)
: 284.
Cheshmé,
Peninsula of
: 333.
Chettés
: 140, 166-7, 161, 183, 186,
200, 226
η,
230, 232, 234, 239,
268,
Chapter
VII. passim,
278-280
(definition of).
Chibukli
: 276.
Chicago
: 28.
Chichérin,
Mr. George
: 178.
Childs, Mr. W. J.
: 266.
China (Far East)
: 38
(Genoese over¬
land trade with),
114
n,
342.
China (town in
S.W.
Anatolia)
: 196.
Chinese
:—
Moslems
: 29 ;
Emigrante
:
134.
4
Christendom
* : 74, 329.
Christian Church, Early
: 328.
Christianity
: 74, 90-1, 268, 327-31,
336, 346.
Cilicia
: 22, 49-61, 59, 84-7, 107, 110
η,
312-13, 364.
INDEX
409
Cilician
Campaign
ι
vee
Ware, Franco-
Turkish, in
Cilicia.
Circassians»
130, 139,
15Ö-7,
160
η,
171, 183-4, 227, 281-3, 288.
'
City, The
'
(«Constantinople)
: 61.
Classes, Relationships between social
:
346-7.
Clemenceau, M. Georges
ι
76, 83, 86-7,
89.
Climatie Cycles
: 114
n,
339-42.
Coal Strike in Great Britain
(1921) : 3.
Colonies
:—
Ancient Greek in Anatolia
:
108, 220-2 ;
Modern Greek in Western
Anatolia
: 122-4 ;
Modern Greek in
the West
: 28, 345 ;
Western in Con¬
stantinople
: 144
n,
148, 164 ;
West¬
ern In Smyrna
: 122-3, 144
n,
148,
158, 165.
Colour Prejudioe
: 327
n.
Commandments, Ten
: 283.
Commissions of Inquiry, Inter-Allied
:
—
At Smyrna
(1919): 78-80, 151,
227, 270 ;
In the Yalova-Gemlik and
Ismid Peninsulas
(1921): 169,
Chapter
VU.
passim.
Commons, House of, at Westminster
:
79
n,
86, 97
n,
99.
Conferences
:—
Berlin
(1878) : 40, 160 ;
Boulogne
(1920): 228, 232
η
;
Erzerum (1919): 187;
London
(1921): 3, 93-7, 133
η,
134, 198,
232-3;
Paris
(1919): 48
η,
67-78,
81-2, 86, 131,133,313;
Paris
(1922):
106
η,
244
η
;
San Remo
(1920) : 227 ;
Sivas(1919): 187 ;
Vienna (IBI
4) : 45.
Confucianism
: 330.
Conscription, Military
t
18-19
(in
Turkey),
360
(hypothetical, in India).
Constantine
Dhraghasis» last East
Roman Emperor
: 243.
------
King of Greece
:
Chapter III.
passim,
67
(abdication of),
164, 180,
183, 232, 235, 243, 244
n,
315, 322.
*------Porphyr
ogen
it us
* : 336.
Constantinople
:—
Allied High Com¬
missioners at
: 55, 179, 185, 188,
259
n,
287, 291-2, 312 ;
Allied Occu¬
pation of
; 32, 55, 57, 80, 163-4, 175,
182, 190, 227, 237, 242 ;
American
College for Girls at
: 180 ;
General
references:
29, 30, 34, 38, 45, 47
(Russia to annex),
56, 61, 70-3
(Mr. Venizelos's policy regarding),
77, 89, 94
(contingent expulsion of
Turkey from),
107, 108-9, 114, 120,
122, 130, 132, 138, 139
n,
148, 153
n,
169, 162, 169, 172-3, 185-7, 194-5,
206, 208, 210, 243, 245, 254-5, 263,
296, 299, 301, 305, 307-8, 333, 336,
353 ;
Greek High Commissioner at
:
301, 307 ;
Oecumenical (Orthodox)
Patriarchate at
: 8, 120
n,
187, 192-6,
259, 294 ;
Ottoman University of
:
173.
Constanza
: 34.
Consulates (Western)
: 46, 58, 104,
168
n,
166, 290.
Copte
: 117»», 118.
Cordelió
(Smyrna)
: 157 ».
Cossacks
! 60, 281, 341.
Costas i
зее
Kostas.
Council of Ten at Peace Conferenoe of
Paris
: 71.
------
Supreme, of the Allies
: 78-9,
226-7, 229, 232, 259.
Crimea
: 38, 89, 223, 226.
Croats
: 44.
Cromer, Lord
: 167.
Cross, Sign of the
î
240, 297-8.
Crusade, Fourth
: 7,114.
Crusaders
: 9, 11.
1
Cuius
regio, eius religio
' ; 269.
Currant-culture
: 123, 245.
Curzon,
Lord
: 106
n,
178.
Cyprus
î
51, 64, 75, 211
n,
222
n.
Cyzicue, Ancient
: 222.
Dagh Emir (near Aidin)
: 197-200.
Dalmaţia
: 126, 130.
Damascus
: 65-6, 213.
Danube, River
: 188, 248.
------
Delta,
Islande
in the
і 21І
n.
Danzig
: 126.
Dardanelles
ι
45, 66, 71, 184, 219.
------
Expedition
: 66, 179, 225, 233.
Darius (last King of the Achaemenid
Dynasty)
ι
204, 224.
Dark Ages
: —
Western and Near
Eastern:
9, 108,
111,
127;
Middle
Eastern
: 9, 115
n,
268.
Dawkins, Professor R. M.
: 119
n.
Deirmenderé
(Gulf of Ismid),
Skala
and village of
: 288, 316.
Democratic Control of Foreign Polioy
:
60.
Denikm, General
: 83, 226.
Denizli,
San jak
of
: 69.
Deportees
t
see Refugees and De¬
portees.
Derekeui
(Kaza
of Yalova)
: 311,
Deucalion
: 334.
Dhimitri of Koiru
: 294.
Dhraghumis, late Mr.
Ioánnia
: 81.
Dijankeui
(Kaza
of Gemlik)
: 284.
Dikeli
: 140, 143, 168.
Dispensary, Turkish, at Iki Cbeehmelik
(Smyrna)
: 176.
Dobrujalys
: 139, 194
n.
Dodekanese
í
211
n.
Don, Genoese Colonies on River
: 38.
Dörpfeld,
Dr. W.
: 65.
'
Dorylaion
'
t
see Eski Shehir.
Downing Street
ι
39.
Drachma, Exchange value of the Greek
:
235, 244-5.
*
Dragon's Teeth
* ; 259.
Drang
nach Osten
(of the Hapsburg
Monarchy)
: 4.
Druses
: 45.
Duma, Russian
: 342.
Dusmanis, General
: 236.
Dutch dominion over non-Western
civilised peoples
: 29, 31, 106.
410
THE WESTERN QUESTION
Dynasties ¡—-of the Modern Kingdom
of Greece
: 65, 322 ;
Ottoman Dy¬
nasty
: 29, 182-3, 247.
Eastern Question
ι
1, 9, 41, 46, 76, 99,
255.
East India Company, British
ι
38.
-----■
Indies, Moslems in:
29.
------
Roman Empire
: 6, 38, 109-16,
193, 194
n,
214
n,
218, 243, 332,
335-7
Edhem Bey of Salyhlv
г
Iß6, 171
η,
281.
Edirné
:
вее
Adrianople.
Education:
—
Modern Greek»
21, 33,
120, 124, 132, 172, 176,
24Õ,
356?
Turkish
ι
132, 171-7, 184 ;
Volga
Turkish
: 356 ;
Western in the
East
: 45, 104, 154, 176, 180, 182,
184, 190, 359.
Educational Commission, Turkish, in
Smyrna Zone
: 173-6.
Eftim
(Efthýmios),
Papa, of Keskin
:
Egirdir, Lake
j
191.
Egypt, Ancient,
Ptolemaie
Great
Power in
: 41, 222.
------
Modern:
11, 46, 86, 127,
Ιββ η,
171, 174, 181, 190, 211
η,
213, 256,
348, 362.
Egyptian Civilisation, Ancient
t
9, 22,
ИЗ,
222, 329, 363-4.
------
Nationalism, Modern
* 117
n,
118.
Eisner, Kurt
: 262.
Elections:
—
In Greece
(Novemberi
920):
68, 81, 244
n j
In Turkey
(1919-20) :
153, 187-8.
Eliot, Sir Charles
: 338
n.
Elmalyk (near Yalova)
: 284, 307.
Embassies
: 32, 45, 68, 104, 279.
Emery mines in Greece
: 245.
Emine
of Anmidlu
: 295.
Engheró (Yalova-Gemlik
Peninsula)
:
282
n,
297.
England
ι
110-11, 178, 228, 299, 342.
Entente (Anglo-French)
:
вее
Anglo-
French Rivalry.
------
Little
:
43»4.
Enver Pasha
: 179, 186, 191.
Ephesua
: 10
(Great Mosque at),
120,
148-62, 161, 221.
Epirus
: 164-6.
Eregli (under Taurus)
ι
218-19.
------
(on Ismid Gulf)
: 288.
Erivan,
Republic of
: 42,
6G
η,
107,
191, 313, 323-4,
32β.
Ertoghrul, father of
Osman
: 114,247.
Erzerum : 164, 218-19.
Eshref Bey of Sokia
: 166, 171
n,
281.
Eski Shehir
: 67, 98, 128, 169
n.
Chapter VI. passim,
276, 278, 299,
316, 319.
Established Church, English
: 132.
Euphrates, River
: 224.
------
Railway Bridge over River, at
„
Jerablus
: 86.
Suraste:
333.
Europe
:—
Concert of
:
Зб,
279, 324 ;
Continent of
: 328, 332-4, 346 ;
Western:
9, 16, 28,
111,
128, 177,
202-3, 257, 334-6, 342
n,
369.
Evanyeliki
Skholí
at Smyrna
: 124.
Evrenós,
Family of
: 115.
Fan Noli, Bishop
: 196.
Far Eastern Civilisation
: 330, 332, 369.
Feisal (bin Husein), Emir
ι
39, 60, 86,
118, 228.
of
see Con-
46.
Peninsula)
round
: 276, 282,
1
Felicity, Abode
stantinople.
Ferid
Pasha, Damad
: 181, 183-6, 227,
281.
Finlay, George
: 122
n.
Finns
: 342
n,
355.
Firoz Shah of Delhi
» 10
n.
Fisheries, North American
Fiatikli (Yalova-Gemlik
286, 296.
Fistikli, villages
287, 293.
Fiume
: 126.
Flags
: 102.
Florence
: 38.
'Forty-Five, The
í
269
n.
France:
40, 42, 54, 128, 178, 189,
246-7, 264, 262, 269, 342, 348, 363.
------
Northern
: 148, 276.
Franchet d'Esperey, General
J
26.
Francie
I. of France, Kin«:
¡
89.
Franco-British
:
вее
Anglo-Freneh.
Frangópulos,
Mr.
: 166, 201-4.
•
Franks
* :
вее
Westernera.
Franz-Ferdinand, Arch-Duke
: 262.
French
:—
Army
: 86, 88, 239, 241,
262 ;
Bondholders
: 77, 321 ;
Colonial Party
: 76 ;
Dominion over
non
-Western civilised peoples
: 31,
34-5, 190, 211
n
;
General Staff:
228-9, 232 ;
Vice-Consul at Aivali
:
143.
Frontiers
:—
Scientific
: 224 ;
Stabilisa¬
tion of
: 326-6.
Fulajyk (Karamxirsai District)
: 284.
'
Gaelic Question/ Absence of, in
Twentieth-Century Great Britain
:
269
n.
Gagauz
:
вее
Turks,
s.v.
Gaiata
: 37-8.
------
Serai
Lycée
j
173, 176.
Galatians, Ancient
: 219, 222.
Gallipoli Peninsula
:—
Russia to annex
:
47 ;
Allied occupation of
і
67 ;
Turkish Nationalists raid munition
dump on
t
227.
Gamaliel, Rabbi
: 181.
Gandhi,
Mahatma
: 359-61.
Gate, Golden
ι
243.
Gaulis, Madame
t
102.
Gauls, Ancient
; 128.
Gedelik (near Gemlik)
: 296.
Gehri, M. Maurice
: 269
n,
278, 284-5,
299-311 317
Gemlik, G'ulf of
í
284, 313, 31$.
INDEX
411
Gemlik,
Town of
: 103, 139, 229, 259,
264, 282, 284. 286-7, 292, 294-6,
302, 306,
ЗИ,
313, 317
η.
Geneva, University of
: 8.
Genoese, The
: 37-8.
Georgia (in Transcaucasia)
: 18, 42-3.
German
:—
Policy towards Turkey
:
88-9, 353 ;
Rivers
: 188 ;
Socialist
Party
: 25 ;
Ultimatum to Belgium
:
83;
Universities:
65,112.
Germans:
112, 149, 176, 179, 225,
231
n,
241, 247.
Germany
: 3
(Relations of, with
Entente Powers in
1921), 40, 42,
65-6
(Debt of Greece to),
106, 144
n,
189, 225, 235, 323, 358.
Ghajyk
(Kaza
of Yalova)
: 306, 309-11.
Ghalaxidhi
: 124.
Ghunarákis,
Mr.
: 134 ».
Ghunaris
:
see Gounaris.
Ghuzz
:
see Turks,
s.v.
Gibbon, Edward (quoted)
: 7.
Gibbons, Mr.
Η. Α. : 114 η.
Glencoe, Massacre of
: 269
n.
1
God, The Unknown
' : 364.
Gökje Déré
(Kaza
of Yalova)
; 311.
Gök
Su
(Tributary of River Sakkaria)
:
237.
------
Tepe
(Trans
-Caspia)
: 342.
Golde
(near
Kula) :
119, 129.
'
Golden Ages
': 131,351.
Golden Horde, The
: 350
n.
------
Horn, The
: 38.
GÖrdez
(near Akhissar)
: 318.
1
Gordian
Knot,' The
: 128, 222.
Gordion, Ancient
: 238.
Goths, Ancient
: 128.
Göttingen,
University of
: 166.
Gounaris, Mr.
і
81, 83«
Graeco-Roman
:
see Hellenic.
Groat Britain
:
see British Empire.
Greece:
—
European:
109, 118, 220-2,
241-2 ;
Modern Kingdom of, Build¬
ing up of
: 15, 18, 26, 35, 66, 195,
348-9 ;
Modern Kingdom of, Factions
in
:
Chapter III. paasim,
144, 163,
173, 195, 231, 242-4, 322 ;
War-
weariness in
: 81, 243-6.
Greek Army
:—
Conscription of Otto¬
man Greeks for
; 169, 205, 235
n,
239 ;
Eleventh Division
: 288, 317
η
;
First Corps:
247, 317;
General
references
: 20, 72,
Chapters V., VI.,
VII.
passim
;
Second Division
:
231 « ;
Seventh Division
: 233,
247-254 ;
Sixteenth Infantry Regi¬
ment
: 288 ;
Tenth Division
: 102-
103, 239, 250-1, 295, 301, 306, 317
η
;
Third Corps
: 235
η
;
Third Divi¬
sion
: 254 ;
Thirteenth Division
:
231
η
;
Ţhracian
Levies
: 239 ;
Twenty-Eighth Infantry Regiment
:
286.
------
Boy Scouts
: 125, 198 ;
Censor¬
ship
: 34 ;
Corporate spirit
: 124,
132 ;
Merchant Marine
: 244 ;
National Assembly
(1920-2): 94;
National Defence Movement
(1916-
17): 67.
Gregorian Church
: 118-19, 121 ;
ее·
also Monophysites.
Gregory the Great, Pope
: 329,
Gryparis, Mr.
: 81.
Gul-i-Nihal, Red Crescent
S.S. : 263,
276
n,
287, 299-311.
Güllük
(Kaza
of Yalova)
: 311.
Gurus, Indian
: 360.
Haidar Pasha (Asiatic suburb of Con¬
stantinople)
: 149, 184, 218.
Peninsula
:
see Ismid Penin¬
sula.
Hajin
(Ciucia)
: 312-13.
Haj j i Mehmed Chiftligi
(Kaza
of
Ya·
lova)
: 307.
Halidé Hanum
: 180,
Hapsburg Monarchy
: 4-5, 25, 40, 129-
130, 211, 214, 225, 269, 352, 358.
Haramein, The
: 198.
Hardy, Mr, Thomas
: 39, 361.
♦
Harmosts
' : 76, 177, 299.
Hashimite family, Sherifs of the
: 30, 47.
Headgear, Significance of
: 204, 256-7,
272, 283, 309.
Hellen,
son of Deucalion
: 334.
'
Hellene,' Name of
: 336-7.
Hellenic Civilisation, Ancient
: 6, 9,
22, 74, 76, 108-9, 117, 121, 128-9,
220-4, 328-9, 334-8, 346-7, 363-4.
------
Literature, Ancient
: 117, 329-30,
335.
Helvetian Republic
:
лее
Switzerland.
Heraus,
River:
116, 151, 215, 229.
Herodotus
: 52, 221
n,
340
n.
Hijaz
: 48-9, 52
n.
Hij
azis
: 30, 45, 213.
Hijra of the Prophet Muhammad
: 329.
Hiimi
Reis
of Armudlu
: 295.
Hindu Civilisation
: 11-12.
------
Extremists
: 322.
Hindus
: 25, 261.
Hippocrateum, Corpus (quoted)
: 334
n.
Hittites
: 113, 129.
Hohenstaufen Dynasty
: 128.
Hoja-Bashys, Moreot Greek
: 337.
Hoja Deré = Khoja Deré
(Yalova-
Gemlik Peninsula)
: 276, 296-7.
Hojas
:
see Islamic Ecclesiastics.
Homer
: 29, 339-40
(quoted).
Hospital at Smyrna, Turkish
: 171,
176-7.
Hungary:
42-3, 189, 323.
Huns
: 334, 342.
Huntington,
Dr. Ellsworth
: 340
n.
Hurriet
:
see Revolutions,
s.v.
Ottoman
(1908).
Husein, Sherif of Mecca and King of
the Hijaz
: 47-9, 61.
Husni Bey, Mutesarrif of Mtmysa
:
171«.
Hyperion
: 338.
Idrisi of the Yemen, The
: 30.
Insanie
(near Fistikli)
:
293г
412
THE WESTERN QUESTION
Iki
Chesbmê
(Turkish quarter,
Smyrna)
; 167
n,
176.
Imperialism
: 40, 357,
India
: 10-11, 36, 38, 46-6, 115
η,
163,
171, 174, 224, 343, 359-61.
Indian
:—
Army
ι
20, 86, 360 ;
Emi¬
grants
: 134;
Moslems
t
29,31,57,
182, 261, 322.
Industrialism
: 26, 341, 359-60.
Infanticide in Ancient Greece
і
347.
In
Önü,
Battle of;
38, 97, 102, 157
n,
233, 235-6, 238-40, 242, 246-64, 275,
278, 296, 315-16.
Intermarriage
: 28, 241, 346.
*
International, Green
' : 44.
Interpretera
: 32-3, 167, 198, 286, 307.
Interregna between Civilisations
:
see
Dark Ages.
Ionia, Ancient
: 220-2.
'
Ionia
* =»
Smyrna Zone
oí
the Treaty of
Sèvres:
61, 76, 177, 220.
Ionian
Islanda
: 202, 338.
Iraq
: 11, 34, 59, 86, 190, 213-14, 225.
------
Rising of
1920
in, against British
military occupation
í
55, 60, 230
n.
Iraqis
: 29, 134.
Ireland
ι
3, 26, 112,
1B8,
167, 184,
262, 269.
Ironic, Spirit
t
361.
Iskender Beg («Scanderbeg)
: 338.
Islam:
12, 114, 222, 224, 257, 327
n,
328-332, 343, 363
(Fatalism incor¬
rectly attributed to),
364-6.
Islamic
:—
Ecclesiastics
: 132, 181-2,
184-5 ;
Law
:
see Law,
s.v.
Islamic
;
Literature«
117, 329 {
Traditions:
269.
Islande,
Greek
t
see Arohipelago,
Aegean,
Ismid, Gulf of
» 162
n,
287-8, 292, 296.
------
Peninsula and District of
: 47,
56, 57
n,
242, 259
n,
274
n,
281,
286, 316.
------
Town of
; 162
n,
228-9, 230
n,
231, 240, 269, 274
n,
282, 287-8,
292, 297-8, 312
n,
316-16, 317
n.
Isnik, Lake of
: 276, 313, 315.
------
Town of
ι
111,
275, 284.
Istria
: 130.
Italian
:—
Army
ι
20, 59, 226
η
;
City
States, Mediaeval
:
Q n,
37-8, 44 {
Delegation at Paris Peace Conference
(1919) : 77 ;
Dominion over non-
Western, civilised peoples
: 31, 42,
106, 211
η
;
Risorgimento»
186;
Secret Service
: 61.
Italy (and
Italiana)
: 126, 128, 229
η,
342, 362.
'Izzet Pasha
: 185.
Jacobean Architecture
: 37.
Janissaries:
10-11, 18, 183.
Japan
: 363
n,
369
n.
Japanese Emigrants
: 134, 334.
Jaurès, J.
ι
262.
Jemal
Pasha (Colleague of Enver and
Talaat Pashas)
:
18Θ.
Jemil Bey (Turkish Nationalist Governor
of Bafra,
1921)
ι
289.
Jerusalem
: 198.
Jewsi
46, 173, 178, 189, 194
η, 2Θ1,
267, 271, 298, 364.
Joan of Arc
: 128.
Jonescu, Mr. Take
: 44.
Jonnart, M.
: 67.
Jugoslavia;
18, 25-8, 43, 52
n,
176,
189, 244, 323.
Jugoslavs
: 110.
Jungle Book, The
j
181.
Justinian, Emperor
: 336.
Kaiajyk (near Akhissar)
:
S
18.
Kaikos, River : 123.
Kaisaria
: 143, 160, 219, 238, 241.
Kaloyerópoulos, Mr.
; 94-5.
Kapakly (Yalova-Gemlik
Peninsula)
:
286-6, 293, 295-6.
Kara Bekir Pasha, Kiazym, and his
campaign against the Republic of
Erivan
(1920) : 56
n,
267, 313.
Karait
Jews
:
see Turks,
s.v.
Karaja
Ali (
Yalova-Gemlik Peninsula)
:
293, 296-6.
Karakeui
Denle
ι
232, 247, 250-1, 258.
Karakilissê
(Kaza
of Yalova)
: 311.
Karaman,
Principality of
t
119, 124.
Karamanly Orthodox Christians
t
33,
119
η,
120,
157 η,
194.
Karamursa.1,
Peninsula of t
«c« Yalova-
Gemlik
Peninsula.
------
Town of:
288, 315
n,
316.
Karatepé (Aidin
District)
: 319.
Karatheodhoris, Professor
Constantine:
166, 168.
Kars,
Town of
: 257.
------
Ardahan-Batum Diatrlet
: 56-7»
76
n,
188, 208-9, 211
n.
Kasaba,
District of
: 290.
Katyrly (Yalova-Gemlik Peninsula)
:
282
n,
287, 294, 296.
Kavala
: 69.
Kazaks, Kirghiz
: 114
n,
342.
Kazan Tatars
:
вее
Turks, Volga.
*
Kemalists
*
ι
see Turkish Nationaliet
Government and Movement.
Kerensky, Mr.
: 342.
Кеѕкш
(in South-Central Anatolia)
:
192.
Khadija of Karamursal
: 288.
Khairiô
(near Fistikli)
: 287, 293.
Khilaf at Movement in India
: 24, 28-32,
182.
Khios
: 17, 38, 70, 130, 140, 143.
Khorofilaki («Gendarmerie) in Ana¬
tolia, Greek
: 166-7, 299.
Khosru Nushirwan, Shah
:
33Θ.
Khristo of
Haj j
і
Mehmedin
Chiftligi
:
307.
Kristo
of Katyrly, Taukju oghlus
294-5.
Kiatyb oghlu (Smyrna)
: 157
n.
Kilisman (near Smyrna)
: 157
n.
Kinik (near Bergama)
: 123, 143, 168.
Kirazly
(Kaza
of Yalova)
: 311.
Kirestm
( —
Kerasund)
t
166, 28».
INDEX
413
Kirkinje
: 120, 124.
Kiutahia
:
98, 236-7, 31
θ.
Klagenfurt
: 188.
Klazomenai
: 222
п.
Klephts
: 279, 338.
Klionas,
Mr.
: 168.
Knidos,
Peninsula of
: 333.
1
Knock-out Blow
' : 212, 224.
Kocho of Armudlu, Mumju oghlu
:
29Ő.
Koiru
(
Yalova-Gemlik Peninsula)
: 294.
Kolchak, General
: 83.
Kolokotrónis, Theódhoros :
337-8.
Komítaiys
: 161, 279.
Kömtirderé
(near Smyrna)
: 157
η.
Konia
: 52, 119, 218-19, 231, 241, 256.
Konstaiidínos
Porphyroyónnitos
;
вее
Constantine,
s.v.
Koraís, Adhamándios
; 9, 332, 335,
337-8.
Koressos,
Mount (above Hellenistic
Ephesus)
: 149, 161.
Köshk
: 291, 319.
Kostas,
Lieut.
Ioánnis,
of 28th Greek
Infantry Regiment
: 286-7.
Kosti
of Constantinople
: 307.
------
of Elmalyk
: 307.
Koumla
:
see Kumla.
Kovalyja (=Kovalitaa)
: 233
n,
248-
250, 262, 255, 257.
Kozak,
The (north of Bergama)
: 166
n.
Kretan
'
Special Constabulary
'
at
Athens
(1920) : 81.
Krete
: 37, 67, 96, 163, 197.
Kula (Aidin
Vilayet)
: 120, 123, 128,
160, 170, 290.
Kum
Kale (Dardanelles)
: 219.
Kumla, Kuchiik (Yalova-Gemlik
Peninsula)
t
264, 285-6, 296.
Kurdistan
: —
Hypothetical Govern¬
ment of
: 63, 96 ;
Western
: 60.
Kürdkeui
(Kaza
of Yalova)
: 311.
Kurds
: 85, 104
n,
136.
Kurujus, Greek, in Turkish villages
:
278, 294-5, 302.
Kush Adasy
:
вее
Scala Nuova.
Kutu'l-Amara : —
British prisoners
from
: 142 ;
Siege of
: 228.
Kydhoniés
:
вее
Aivali.
Kyrillos, Oecumenical Patriarch
:
вее
Lukaris,
Cyril.
Kyrkagach (Aidin Vilayet)
: 167
n.
Kyzylja (near Smyrna)
: 319.
Kyzyl Yrmak
( '
Red River
*
»Ancient
Halve):
119.
Labrador Indians
: 127.
Lancashire
: 359·60.
Lane-Poole, Mr. Stanley:
10
n.
Language«
:—
Arabic
$ 4, 117-18;
Ar¬
menian:
118-19;
English
: 112,
249 ;
Flemish
: 111 ;
French
: 4,
111-12;
German, High:
4, 112;
Greek, Anoient
: 20-1, 109, 194,
336 ;
Greek, Modern
: 20-1, 109,113,
119-20, 123-4, 167, 249;
Indo-
European:
342-3;
Iranian, Modern
:
343 ;
Latin
: 109 ;
Near Eastern
vernacular
: 8-9 ;
Oriental, Depart¬
ment of, in new Greek University at
Smyrna
: 168 ;
Prakrit, Modern
forms of
: 4, 343 ;
Pre-Greek in
Anatolia:
108,129,204;
Sanskrit:
343;
Syriac
: 117;
Turanian:
342
η
343;
Turkish:
117, 119-20,
123-4, 129, 166-7
(ignorance of,
among Greek gendarmerie in Ana¬
tolia),
192-4 ;
Western, Modern,
taught in English schools
: 4.
Lapps
: 342
n.
Law
:—
Islamic
: 184
n,
267, 329 ;
Roman
: 329.
Laz
(nationality)
: 283
n,
309.
League of Nations
: 94-5, 326-7, 362.
Lebanon
: 46, 96.
Légion
ď
Orient, French
: 61, 118, 121,
312.
'
Legitimate Warfare
' : 170, 260-1.
Lenin, Mr.
: 83.
Loonardhópulos,
General
: 264-6, 284,
286, 299-311.
Leónidas,
King
: 347.
Levant, The
: 40, 45-6, 76, 267.
Lewis guns
: 151.
Liautey, General
: 167.
Liebknecht,
Каті :
262.
Liege, University of:
166
n.
Liman
von Sanders, General :
144 η.
Lincolnshire :
215.
Liquorice
: 170.
Lira :—
Italian
: 244 ;
Turkish
: 246.
Liutprand
oť
Cremona, Bishop
: 7.
Liverpool
: 28.
Lloyd George, Mr. David
: 73-80, 86-7,
89-91, 94, 96, 98-9, 178, 181, 228-9,
313.
Lombardy
: 130.
Londi
Kaptán
of
Engheré
: 282
n.
London:
28, 34, 104, 161, 178» 244
n;
вее
also Conferences and Treaties,
s.v.
Lords, House of
: 106
n.
Lukaris, Cyril
: 8.
Lutfié
(near Fistikli)
î
293
n.
Luxemburg, Rosa
: 262.
Lybyer, Professor A. H.
: 10
n.
Lydia,
Ancient Kingdom of
: 220, 222.
Lydians, Ancient
: 116, 129, 204.
Lysimachus (General of Alexander the
Great)
: 149, 160, 162.
Macedonia, Ancient Kingdom of:
41,
222.
------
Eastern
: 65, 87,
вв.
------
Modern
: 17-18, 27, 70,
Ив,
120,
140, 145-6, 160-2, 242, 246, 276, 279,
332.
------
Western
: 243.
Mackensen, General
: 26.
Madras Presidency of India
: 24.
Mao&nder, River:
07, 116, 123, 161-2,
170, 196, 198, 200, 202, 215-16, 226
n,
229, 242, 274.
Magyars
: 176, 342.
Mahmud
u.,
Sultan
; 18, 46, 183, 344.
Malarb : 168, 238.
414
THE WESTERN QUESTION
Mal a tia
: 110
w»
Malta
: 38, 153.
Maltaise,
Prison in Rue (Smyrna)
:
204-7.
Manchester
: 28.
Mandated Territories
: 34, 65, 57, 86.
Mani,
The (in the
Péloponnèse)
: 336.
Manysa, District of
: 289-90, 318.
------
Town of:
95«, 142, 148, 171
n,
226-8.
Marash
: 86.
Margoliouth, Professor D. S.
: 267 «.
Marmara, Sea of
: 33-4, 47, 56, 69, 102,
121, 142, 208, 210, 216-18, 228, 260,
263, 315-17.
Maronites
: 45.
Marseilles
: 28.
1
Mars' Hill
' (
^Areopagus)
: 364.
Marsovan
: 154, 277, 289, 297.
Marx, Gospel according to
: 351.
Masaryk,
President
: 39, 178
n,
181,
185.
Massacres
:
passim.
Masseras, Andréas
(Private in Greek
Army)
: 288.
Masuria
: 188.
Mecca
: 30, 198, 329
n.
Mediation in Anatolian War by Western
Powers
: 93-8, 101, 106
n.
Medina
: 198, 329
n.
Mediterranean* Racial Type:
119,
122
------
Śea
: 41, 215, 223, 333.
Mehmed AH, Pasha of Egypt
z
15, 45,
211n.
Mejidié
(near
Fistikli)
: 293.
Mesopotamian Civilisation, Ancient
:
9, 22, 222, 329, 363-4.
Mesopotamia, Modern
:
see Iraq.
Messana,
Ancient
: 41.
Mestrius Florus, L·., Proconsul of Asia
;
150.
Middle Ages, Near Eastern and
Western
: 128.
------
Eastern Civilisation defined
: 9-
14.
Midhat Pasha
: 190.
Mihal
of Hajji Mehmedin Chiftligi
:
307.
Millet-i-Rum
:
see Rum Milleti.
------
System
: 135, 173, 267-8.
Minorities
:—
Economic basis of
: 16,
126-7, 146-8;
German:
25, 176;
Inter-migration of
: 70-1, 141-2, 146-
147 ;
Magyar
: 25, 176 ;
Moslem
: 27 ;
Protection of:
53-4, 71, 90-1, 104-5,
127, 130, 137-8, 188-9, 192, 208, 210,
241, 321, 322-7 ;
Treaties concerning
:
вее
Treaties,
s.v.
Missionaries
:—
Catholic
: 8, 38, 45,
104, 298, 344 ;
Protestant
: 38, 45,
104, 119, 344, 359.
Mithridates of
Pontus,
King
: 223-4.
Mitylini
: 70, 125, 130, 140, 143, 166
n.
Modus Vivendi between different
civilisations
! 14, 31, 36, 177, 190,
321-2, 345, 357, 361-4.
Mogul (=Moghal) Dynasty:
10
n,
45.
Moldavia
: 96.
Mongol:
—
Confederacy:
350
n
:
Dy¬
nasty in China (=Yuen)
: 330.
'
Mongoloid
'
Racial Type
: 113, 119.
Mongols
: 115, 334, 340-1.
Monophysites
: 268, 328-9;
вее
also
Gregorian Church.
'
Monroe Doctrine
' : 359.
Montpellier,
University of
: 335.
Moplahs of Madras Presidency
: 24-5.
Morea
:
see
Péloponnèse.
Moriscos
of Spain
: 267.
Morocco, Sherif of
: 29.
Moscow
: 44.
Mosul
: 45, 76, 86.
Mowgli
: 181.
Mudania, Gulf of
:
вее
Gemlik, Gulf of.
------
Town of
: 218, 229.
Mughla
(S.W.
Anatolia)
: 196, 216-17.
Muhammad, The Prophet
: 329
n.
------
(Mehmed)
її.
Fatih, Sultan
: 10.
------
Ghori
:
lOn.
Museum, British
: 178.
Mustafa Kemal Pasha
: 39, 178-81,
187, 223, 247, 255, 333.
Mykáli, Cape
: 333.
Mysians, Ancient
: 219.
Nabi
Bey, Representative of the
Sublime Porte at Paris
; 101.
Naburis, Mr. I. A.
: 166
n.
Nantes, Revocation of the Edict of
:
269.
Napoleon I., Emperor
: 39, 45, 338.
Narly (Yalova-Gemlik Peninsula)
: 293,
295-6.
------
Deré (Aidin
Vilayet)
: 169.
Nationality, Western idea of political
:
4, 15-18, 25, 90, 117-18
(in Syria),
118-48
(in Anatolia),
158, 190, 195,
212, 243, 268, 321-3.
Nav
arino,
Battle of
: 349.
Navies
:—
British
: 35, 74, 88, 99, 103,
121, 143-4, 147, 229, 235
n,
270, 272
n,
349;
French:
35, 59
and
77
(mutiny
in),
88, 229
n,
298, 349;
Greek:
229, 245, 287, 291,
Nazyf Pasha (near
Brusa)
: 247, 253-4.
Nazylly (Aidin District)
: 123, 290.
Near Eastern Civilisation defined
: 5-9.
Negroes in United States, Lynching of
:
261.
Nestorians
: 268, 328-9.
Neutrality, Declaration of, by Allied
Powers
(1921) : 315.
------
Greek, in European War
:
Chapter III. paseim.
New World
: 334.
————
χ
ОГЈС
Z
љ/
о
■
------
Zealanders
: 134.
Nicaea
:
see Isnik.
Nidher, General
: 236
n.
Nif, District of (Sanjak of Smyrna)
î
290.
Nihad Reshad Bey, Dr.
: 134
n.
Nile, Basin of River
: 35, 45.
INDEX
415
•Noble Lies'
: 194.
Nomadism, Central Asian
: 9, 10-11,
111,
113-14, 203, 223, 268, 331, 334-
335, 338-344, 354-6.
Nonconformists, English
: 132.
Non-co-operation
: 60, 367-61.
'
Nordic
'
Racial Type
: 119-20.
Normans
: 7, 110-11.
Norway
: 202.
Odemish, District of
: 290, 318.
------
Town of
: 171
n,
227.
Odessa
: 77, 202, 225, 246.
Olive-culture
: 122-5, 161, 203, 245.
Olmsted, Frederick Law
: 338
n.
Olympian Gods, Cult of the
: 336.
Olympus, Mysian Mt.
: 216, 249, 253.
Omer Bey (near Gemlik)
: 103, 292,
313-19.
------
Efendi
of
Kò'shk,
Sultanhissarly
oghlu
: 291.
Orange-culture in Greece
: 245.
Orphanage at Smyrna, Turkish
: 168.
Orta Burun
(Kaza
of Yalova)
: 311.
Orthodox Church
: 6
(overshadowed
by East Roman Empire),
8
(Synod of
1691), 20, 113-14, 118-21, 128,
161, 192-6
(Turkish-speaking adher¬
ents of),
329, 338
(Book of Offices and
Chant-Book of),
356-6.
OsmanErtoghrul
oghlu,Emir:
114, 247.
------
Agha
Kiresünlü. : 156, 277, 289-
290, 297.
Otto of Greece, King
: 166
n.
Ottoman Army
: 18-20
(Westernisation
of), Chapters V., VI.,
VIII. passim.
——-
Caliphate
:
вел
Caliphate,
s.v.
------
Empire
: 9-12
(institutions of),
15
and
18
(crisis of
1774-1841), 42, 45,
95-6
(autonomy in),
116-17
(rise of),
182-6
(political parties in),
338
n,
343-4, 355
n,
356.
,-----.------
Intervention of, in European
War
: 64, 141.
------
Parliament:
135, 153, 187-8, 190,
207, 209.
'
Ottomanisation
* : 135.
Oxford, University of
: 66.
Paeifio Ocean
: 3.
Padua, University of
: 8.
Paederasty in Anoient Greece
: 347.
Palestine:
34, 38, 45, 55, 86, 118, 190,
213.
------
Lord Allenby's victory in
(1918) :
85, 87, 230
n,
266.
Pamirs, The
: 149.
Panayoti of Amautkeui,
Haj j
і
Тория
(
î
)
oghlu
: 282
n.
P&nderma
:
216, 228.
Pan-Islamism
: 214, 358.
------
Turanianism
: 42, 180, 214, 355
n.
Papagrigorfu, Captain
Dhimítrios :
299-311.
Papoultópoulos,
Adjutant (28th In·
fantry
Regiment of Greek Army)
:
286.
Pápulas,
General
: 222, 305.
Paradise Lost
: 347.
Paris
: 28, 34, 104, 136, 262
(Commune
of, in
1871), 335.
------
University of
: 66, 202.
Parthia, Ancient
: 224.
Pashakeui
(Kaza
of Yalova)
: 311.
Patriarchate at Constantinople,
Oecumenical
:
see Constantinople,
s.v.
Paul, St.
: 364.
*------------
Prison of
* : 149.
Pawns, Small Powers used as
: 61-2,
Chapter III.
pasaim.
Pazarjyk (near
Brusa)
: 247, 250-1,
253, 255.
Pazarkeui (near Gemlik)
: 284, 296, 311.
Péloponnèse:
109, 114-15, 122, 124,
242-3, 325, 336-7.
Peloponnesian Governments, Ancient
:
220.
P
ergam
on. Ancient Kingdom of
: 41,
222-3.'
Pericles
: 29, 128, 221.
Persia:
11, 29, 30, 46,
194л,
213,
343, 359.
------
Anglo-Russian Agreement con¬
cerning
:
see Treaties, Anglo-Russian
(1907).
Persian Empire, Ancient
: 216, 220-2.
------
National Movement, Modern
: 214.
Persians
: 188.
'
Personal Statute
* : 120
n.
Pertev Mehmed Pasha
Јату*ѕу
(Ismid):
298.
Peter the Great, Tsar
: 8.
Petrograd : 44, 48, 245.
Pétses :
124.
Phanariots
: 166
п.
Philhellenism
: 28, 139, 177, 240, 245,
305, 338, 355.
Philologists, Western
: 343-
Philosophers, The Seven Last Ancient
:
336.
Phokiés
: 143
n,
169.
Photi of Imraly, Papa (Orthodox Priest
of Armudlu)
: 294.
Phrygian Kings, Citadel and Sepulchres
of Ancient
: 218.
Phrygians, Ancient
: 113, 116, 129, 204,
219.
Picot, M.
Georges
: 48.
Pilsudsky, General
: 39.
Pitt, The Younger
: 39, 64.
Pius
ix.,
Pope
: 185.
Plato
: 10, 194, 336.
Plebiscitos
: 164, 188, 208-10.
Poland:
42-3, 89, 148, 176, 189, 214,
261, 323.
Poles
: 44, 112, 245.
Polytechnique
at Smyrna, Turkish
Ecole
: 171, 174, 177.
Pompeii
: 204.
Pompey the Great
: 223-4.
Pontus,
Ancient
: 223-4.
'Pontus,'
Modern Greek Nationalism
In
: 119, 154, 166, 190, 192, 275,
289-91, 311-3.
416
THE WESTERN QUESTION
Poona
: 360.
Porte, Sublime
: 93, 100, 106 «, 164,
172, 179, 181, 183,
18Ő,
187, 208,
210, 259.
Potti
(?
Photi) of Arnautkeui, Kumarjy
oghlu
: 282
n.
Prag,
University of
: 112, 178
n.
Princeton University
: 178
n.
Prisons at Smyrna, Greek
: 169, 204-7.
Professors in
Politica
: 178.
Propaganda
: 28, 344-6.
Protestant Universities
: 8.
Protestantism
: 262
(Ulster),
269
(Hungarian and South German),
327
η
(American),
328
η
(Near and
Middle Eastern),
330
(Reformation).
'
Proto-
Aryas
' : 343
n.
Prussia, Kingdom of
; 40, 214, 269.
Prussians, Old
: 268.
Psalter
: 338.
Quai d'Orsay:
39,
IOS.
Qur'an
: 198, 267.
Rahmy
Bey, Ex-Val i
of Smyrna
: 175.
Railways
: —
Aidin
(=
Ottoman)
[British]:
58
n,
123, 170, 191, 202,
213, 215-16, 226, 274, 319;
Ana¬
tolian [German]
: 232, 247, 261 ;
Baghdad [German]
: 64, 67, 85, 104,
149, 214, 218, 222, 247;
Eski
Shehir-Kara
Hissar
Section of Ana¬
tolian
: 217-19, 230-1, 232
ft,
236;
General, in Anatolia
: 145, 154, 215,
¿ІВ-19,
231 ;
Iraq, Built by the
British Array in
: 213
п.;
Kasaba
[French]:
123, 213, 216, 226;
Oriental [Austrian]
: 34, 243 ;
Pan-
derma Branch of
Kasaba
: 216, 228,
230 ;
Syrian [French]
213 ;
Trans-
Caspian [Russian]
: 341-2 ;
Trans
-
Siberian [Russian]
: 333 ;
Trans-
Turkestan [Russian]
: 333.
Raki
: 296.
Rawłinson,
Colonel
: 154.
Rayah
: 11, 30, 268.
Record Office, British Public
: 73.
Red Crescent Society, Ottoman
:—
Constantinople Branch
: 139 ;
Mission of, to S.E. coasts of the Sea
of Marmara
: 33, 102,
Chapter
VII.
passim
;
Smyrna Branch
: 176.
------
Cross at Geneva, International
Committee of the
: 259
n,
278, 284-6,
299, 306.
------
Indians
: 134.
------
Sea:
197.
Reform Bill of
1832 : 66.
Refugees (and Deportees)
:—
Alien,
from East Coast of Great Britain
:
léé;
Armenian
(1915):
see Arme¬
nians massacred in
1916-22;
Oilician
(1921-2): 242, 312
л
;
Greek from
East Roman Empire
; 335 ;
Greek
frota
*
Pontus
' :
«ее
"
Pontus,' Mo¬
dern
Greek
Nationalism in
;
Greek
from
Wettern
Anatolia ;
122, 133,
140-6, 167-8 ;
Kretan
Moslem :
120,
139, 171, 281 ;
Ottoman Ministry of
;
138-9, 140
η,
169, 191;
Rumili
Moslem
: 138-40, 144-6 ;
Turkish
from Anatolia
: 133
n,
139, 168-9,
Chapter
VII. passim
;
Turkish
from Constantinople (March
1920) :
153-4, 227.
Relativity
: 14, 346, 350.
Renaissance, The
: 330.
Renegades
; 115.
Reparations, German
: 3, 76.
Reshadié
(Kaza
of Yalova)
: 284, 311.
Revolutions:—-English 'Glorious'(l
688):
269
n; French
(1788 seqq.) : 183,
262, 265, 337-8 ;
Industrial
: 359-
360;
Ottoman
(1908): 131,186,190,
202, 269
n,
352-3 ;
Russian Bol¬
shevik
(1917): 46, 154, 183, 202,
351 ;
Russian Liberal
(1917): 48, 342.
Rhine, River:
112, 188.
------
Frontier, The
: 76.
Rhodes, Cecil
: 38,
------
Island of
: 38, 41, 222.
Rif
'at Bey, Kaimakam of Alashehir
(1921): 290.
Riga
: 334.
Riza
Tewfik Bey,
*
the Philosopher
' :
181, 185-6.
Roman Empire:
9, 11, ál, 116, 128»
221-4, 268.
------
Senators
: 337.
Rome
: 106 », 151.
'
Romyi
*
(«Rum)
: 130, 194, 336.
Ross,
Ludwig : 166
п.
Rum
: 31, 130, 194.
Rumania
: 18, 25-8, 43, 64, 176, 189,
195, 244, 323.
Rumans
: 44, 110.
Rumelia :
see
Rumili.
------
Eastern
: 96.
Rum
Mületi : 120, 122
η,
130.
Rumili:
120, 124, 129-30, 146, 179,
195, 212, 332, 352.
Rüpel, Fort : 67.
Russia
:—
Generat
: 6, 38, 40, 42-3, 48,
110,
114 η,
127, 148,
19ő
(secession
of Orthodox Church in, from Oecu¬
menical Patriarchate),
204, 211, 214,
218-19, 223, 225, 239, 245, 261, 262
n,
281, 313, 321, 333
(Russia in Europe
and Asia),
341-2
(Expansion of, over
nomad pasture-lands),
348, 350-1
(attitude of, towards, the West),
353
ft,
Збб
-β, 3β2
;
Soviet Govern¬
ment of, at Moscow
: 23, 48, 69, 76,
89, 92, 190, 214, 226, 245 ; '
Times
of Trouble
*
in
: 351.
Russian
:—
Literature
: 350-1
ţ
Mos¬
lems
: 29, 42, 355-6 ;
Music
: 360 ;
Muzhiks
: 342 ; '
Whites
' : 89, 225,
245.
Ruseo-British
:
вее
Anglo-Russian.
Russo
-Turkish Entente
(1920-2) ; 28-4.
Saar,
Basin of
Kiver
: 76.
Sabahu'd-Dm,
Prince
: 182,
18a.
ПШЕХ
417
Sadyk
Bey (Turkish Nationalist Com-
missioner
at
Marsovan
in
1921):
277, 289.
Saguntum, Ancient
: 41.
St. Davids, Lord
: 158
n,
319.
------
John, Order of
: 38.
Sakkaria, River
: 57, 98, 192, 237, 239,
242, 316, 319.
Sakkaris,
Mr. G.
: 121
n.
Salisbury, Lord
: 40.
Saljuqs
:
see Turks, Saljuq.
Salonika
: 45, 67, 109, 129, 130, 143,
167, 194
n.
------
Expedition
(1915.18): 66-7, 82,
226, 236
n,
239, 262.
Salyhly, District of
: 290.
------
Town of
: 123, 173
n,
201.
Salzburg, Prince Bishop of
: 269.
Samanly
(Kaza
of Yalova)
: 293-4,
301-5, 311.
------
Dagh
:
«ее
Yalova-Gemlik Penin¬
sula.
Samos:
96, 123, 130, 140, 166 «.
Samsun, Sanjak of
: 311.
San Francisco
: 28.
San'a, Imam of
: 29.
Sanhedrin,
Ancient Jewish
: 181.
Sapaunjoghlu, M. (French
Vice-Consul
at Aivali)
: 143.
Saraikeui-on-Maeander
: 216.
Sarukhan, Principality of
: 116.
Sary
Su
(tributary of Maeander)
:
200.
Satan, Miltonic
: 347.
Saxons, Old
: 268.
Scala Nuova
(»Rush Adasy)
: 161
n,
226
n.
Scheldt, River
: 188.
Schliemann,
Heinrich
: 65.
Soíentísts,
Anoient Greek
: 333-4.
Scotland
í
359.
Scots
: 188.
Scripts, Armenian and Greek
: 119-20,
129, 193.
Scutari (suburb of Constantinople)
:
180
n,
310.
Scythians
: 334.
Seely,
Major-General
: 97
n.
Seleucidae, Ancient Empire of the
: 41,
222.
Self-determination
; 188-9.
Selimié
(near Fistikli)
: 287.
Senusi Fraternity
: 30.
Seraglio Point
: 310.
Serbia
: 64, 67
(Treaty with Greece),
96, 148, 196
(secession of Orthodox
Church in, from Oecumenical
Patriarchate
).
Serbian Army
: 20.
Serbs
: 44, 129, 136, 138, 161.
Serres
: 194
n.
Shamanism;
114«.
Shanghai
: 37.
Sheikhu'I-Ialam, Fetwa of Ottoman
:
184-5.
Shore Khan
: 181.
Shf is
: 9, 2».
Shukri
Efendi Chifti igi
(Kaza
of
Yalova):
311.
Sicüy:
110.
'
Sick Man of Europe,' The
: 96.
Süeaia
: 3, 26, 112, 188, 231
n.
Sülé
(near
Konia)
:
119 η.
Simav
: 150, 216-18, 228.
Sindaghmatarkha (—Bimbaehye)
: 299.
Sinn Feiners
: 262.
Sivas
: 218-19, 238.
Slavophilism
: 351.
Slavs, Migrations of the
: 109, 336.
------
Spread of Near Eastern Civilisa¬
tion among the
: 11.
Slovenes
: 44.
Smyrna
:—
-City and Zone of
: 34, 52,
56, 64, 70, 76-7,
and thereafter
passim
;
Landing of Greek troops at
(15th May
1919) : 17, 35, 78-80,
83-5, 92-3, 107-8, 130-1, 133, 145,
148, 151, 153-4, 164, 168
n,
173-4,
179, 183, 186-7, 226, 232
n,
244»,
265, 270-3, 276, 298, 312;
New
Greek University at
: 166, 173, 175 ;
Orthodox Metropolitan Bishop of
:
271 ;
Local Parliament prescribed
for:
155, 164, 172;
Statistics of
population in
: 93, 133-4.
Soap-making
: 122, 151, 355*6.
Sofia:
34.
Soghanderé
District (Aidin Vilayet)
:
318.
Sokia
: 226
n.
Soma
: 166
n.
'
Souls, Women and negroes have no
* :
327.
Soviet Government of Russia at Moscow
вее
Russia,
s.v.
SöyÜd
: 217, 219, 247.
Soyuljak (near Yalova)
: 284.
Spain
: 40, 267.
Sparta, Anoient:
177л,
221, 364.
Sperkhiós,
River : 242.
Stambolisky,
Мг.
: 39, 43.
Stamboul
: 132, 263.
Steffens
of
Breslau,
Professor
:
178 η.
SterghiáVihis,
Мг.
:
Chapter V.
pasaim,
272
Strabo
: 150.
Straits, Black Sea
: 34, 46-7, 70-1, 74,
76, 87, 188, 208, 210, 219, 227-9.
------
Command of, by Allied
Navies
: 55, 91, 145, 153
n
;
Com¬
mission of
: 94 ;
Zone of
; 47, 70-1,
94.
Stratighoa, X.
: 237
n.
Struma,
Valley of River
: 69.
------Stürgkh,
Count
: 262.
Stylianós
of Arnautkeui
: 294.
——
of Katyrly
(?
identical with the
above)
: 282
n.
Styrians
: 129.
Sudan, Egyptian
: 45.
Suez, Isthmus of
: 45.
------
Canal
; 213.
Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan
: 183.
------
of Tire, Isbartaly Hajji
: 291.
2d
418
THE WESTERN QUESTION
Sultan of Turkey, H,M. the reigning
:
181-2.
Sułtanie
(near Fistikli)
: 187, 193.
------
(Kaza
of Yalova)
: 311.
Sultaniyyah
(Sułtanie)
School at
Smyrna
: 171-7.
Sunium, Cape
: 333.
Sunnis
: 29.
Susa,
Ancient
; 220.
Sweden
: 40.
Switzerland
: 16, 202, 237.
Sword, Knights of the
:
2Θ8.
Syghyrjyk
(Kaza
of Yalova)
: 311.
Sykes, Sir Mark
: 48
n.
------
Picot
Agreement
:
see Treaties,
Anglo-Franco-Russian
(1919).
Syphilis
: 168.
Syra,
Island of
: 34.
Syracuse, Ancient
: 41.
Syria:
11, 34, 65, 57, 60, 74, 84-7,
104, 110
n,
117-18, 190, 213-14, 224,
228, 281, 359.
Syrians
: 30, 45.
Taghmatarkhs
( =
Yuzbashys)
: 299.
Taj Mahal (at Agra)
: 10.
Talaat Pasha
: 186, 191.
Talents, Parable of the
: 134.
Tarsus, Ancient
: 364.
Taurus Mountains
î
213.
------
Tunnel
: 214, 218.
Taxpayers
: 69, 84.
Tchecho-Slovakia
: 43, 176, 189, 323.
Tohechś:
44, 112, 132, 181.
Tekké,
Deserted (in Cayster Valley)
:
201.
Telegraph Company, Eastern
: 305.
Tepe
Keui (near Torbaly)
: 201-3.
Tepékhané (Ismid)
: 298.
Terror, French
: 262.
Teutonic institutions
: 11.
Tewfik Pasha (Grand Vizier)
: 185.
Theism
: 330
Theophilus, Emperor
: 194
n.
Thessaly
: 132, 202.
'
Thomas of Elmalyk
: 307.
Thrace, Eastern
: 17, ,27, 34, 66,. 68, 73,
76, 82, 93, 95, 109, 133
w,
139
w,
194
n,
222, 228, 332.
------
Western
: 68-9, 71, 73, 76, 82,
109, 188, 208, 210, 332.
Thucydides
: 29, 221
n.
Tigris, River
: 86, 2,13.
Times Correspondent at Constan¬
tinople
: 39, 100-1, 192, 237
n,
277
n,
289«.
Timur
Lenk (=
Tam
orlane
): 116.
Tiré, District
of
: 290, 318.
------
Town of
: 161, 198.201, 291.
Tisza,
Count
: 262.
Tiyenli (Aidin Vilayet)
: 289.
Tobacco-culture in Greece
: 245.
Tolstoy, Leo
: 198.
Torbaly (Cayster Valley)
: 101, 168,
202, 290.
Tralleis
: 196, 216.
Transcaucasia
: 43, 50, 66
n,
59, 74,
110, 118, 145, 211
n,
213, 218-19, 313.
Treaties
:—
Alexandropol
(1920) : 56
n
;
Anglo
-
Franco
-
Russian concerning
Constantinople
(1915): 47-8, 54-6;
Anglo-Franco-Russian concerning
Asiatic Turkey
(1916): 48-51, 53-
86, 214 ;
Anglo-Russian concerning
Persia
(1907): 46, 53-4;
Berlin
(1878):
75 η,
145, 279, 332, 352;
Brest-Litovsk
(1918) : 25;
Bukarest
(1913): 141;
Cyprus Convention
(1878): 75
η
;
Franklin-Bouillon
Agreement
(1921) : 54, 56-7, 60, 84-
85, 89, 101, 104-5, 178; Kars (1921):
56
η
; Kuchuk Kainarjy (1774) :
ІЗ,
ЗО,
321 ;
London (for pacification of
Greece,
1827): 348
η
;
London
(Protocol of
1830) : 349 ;
London
(Convention of
1832) : 65
η
;
Lon¬
don (Agreement between Entente
Powers and Italy,
1915) : 51 ;
Mi¬
norities, Treaties concerning pro¬
tection of:
323;
Moscow
(1921):
56
η
;
Saint Jean
de Maurienne
(1917) : 51-3, 56-7, 77 ; San Stefano
(1878): 75
n? Sèvres
(Treaty of
Peace with Turkey,
1920) : 3, 27, 34-
35, 47, 49-50, 52, 56-7, 64, 80, 82-3,
85, 93-6, 98, 104, 133, 155, 163-4,
172-3, 177, 188, 227, 321, 358 ;
Sèvres
(Tripartite Treaty of,
1920) :
50, 52-4, 104;
Trianon
(1920) : 43 ;
Versailles
(1919) : 25, 90.
Trebizond, Town of
: 50, 283
n.
------
Vilayet of
: 311.
Trentino
: 130.
Trieste
: 28, 126, 130.
Tripoli (North Africa)
: 211
n,
352.
Troad
: 216, 228.
Trotsky, Mr.
: 83.
Trumbié,
Dr.
: 185.
Tsardom, Russian
: 92, 214, 342.
Tulu Punar (near Ushaq)
: 234, 236.
Tundras
: 333.
Tunis:
211
n.
Turcification of Anatolia
: 111-17, 220.
Turcophilism
: 28-32.
Turco-Russian
:
see
Russo
-Turkish.
'
Turk, The Unspeakable
* : 327 ('
in¬
capable of progress
*), 334.
Turkey
:
see Ottoman Empire.
Turkish Army
: 94, 123
n,
142, 163,
156, 157
n,
188, 205,
Chapters VI.
and
VII.
passim,
237
η
(strength of),
240-1
(prisoners of war in Greek
hands).
------
Empire in Central Asia
: 336
η
;
'Entente
Libérale*
Party»
181,
185 ;
Government at Constantinople:
вее
Porte, Sublime
:
Great National
Assembly at Angora
: 54, 97
n,
178,
190, 238, 333 ;
Intervention in the
European War
: 141, 213 ;
Mu¬
sicians
: 161 ;
Nationalist Govern¬
ment at Angora
: 23, 39, 64, 56, 84,
93, 100-1, 104-5,
Chapter V. passim,
INDEX
419
214, 223, 246, 277, 289-90, 311 ;
Nationalist
Movement
: 18,
ЗО,
67,
84, 92, 153-4, 179-96, 214, 229, 312,
322, 358 ;
National Pact
: 84, 188-
190, 207-10, 349 ;
War-material
: 153,
186, 227 ;
Women
: 180, 344.
Turks
:—
Christian
: 192-6 ;
Gagauz
:
194
η
;
Ghuzz
: 194
η
;
Karait
Jewish
: 194
η
;
Saljuq
: 111-15,
119, 129, 150, 193, 194
η
;
Turkmene:
342 ;
Vardariots
: 194
η
;
Volga
:
366-6;
Young:
129, 135-6, 269
η
;
see also Union and Progress, Com¬
mittee of.
Ukrainians
: 110, 112.
Ulashly Iskelesi
: 287
n,
288.
Ulster Auxiliaries
: 262.
Ulstermen
: 26.
Unemployment in Great Britain
(1921): 3.
Union and Progress, Committee of
:
129, 135, 151, 178, 186, 280.
United States of America
: 28
(Greek
colonies in),
60
(Senate of, and Non-
co-operation Movement in),
66
(Spoils system in),
82
(Intervention
of, in European War),
87, 126, 134
(attitude of, towards Far-Eastern
immigrants),
162
(citizens of, travel¬
ling in Anatolia),
177, 180, 203-4,
249, 257, 261-2
(lynching of negroes
in),
289
(citizens of, eye-witnesses
of Turkish atrocities),
327
η
and
338
η
(Southern States of),
336
(classical
studies in),
369
(Non-co-operation
Movement in).
Uahaq:
167
n,
173
n,
215-16, 229-30,
233, 236, 290.
Uvez Punar (Kaza
of Yalova)
: 311.
Vacua, International
: 40-4.
Varna
: 34, 168.
Vases, Ancient Greek
: 204.
Vasilikos, Mr. G. P.
: 166
n.
Vendee, La
: 262.
Veneţia
: 130.
Venetian Villa
: 37.
Venice
: 8, 37-8.
Venizelos (=Venezelos), Mr. Elef-
thérios
: 39,
Chapter III. passim,
141, 163-4, 180-1, 183, 228-9, 232,
243, 271, 313.
Vespasian, Emperor
: 150.
Vienna
: 28-9, 204.
Vistritza
(
=Haliakmon), River
: 242.
Vurla
: 141.
Wahhabis
: 30.
Wakf:
172.
Wallachia
: 96.
Wars
:—
Balkan
(1912-13): 17, 69-70,
129, 137-40, 146, 160, 231
n,
236,
239, 243, 276, 332, 352 ;
Cândia,
of
(1644-69): 37;
Crimean
(1864-6) :
153;
European
(1914-18): 2, 36,
Franco
-
Franco
-
84, 90,
Russo
-Turkish
Serbo-Turkish
47, 58, 62,
Chapter III. passim,
107,
112, 118, 141-5, 148, 151, 166, 169,
175, 185, 188, 190
n,
202, 211
n,
213, 226, 234, 236, 239, 241, 244,
246, 262, 294, 320, 342, 358 ;
Franco-
Prussian
(1870-1): 262;
Russian
(1812): 230;
Turkish in
Cilicia
(1920-1)
104, 154, 191, 228, 242, 312 ;
Graeco-
Buigar
(913-1019) : 6, 110 ;
Graeco-
Turkish = Greek War of Independ¬
ence
(1821-9) : 15, 17, 18, 64, 66, 122,
131, 167, 190, 243, 279, 337, 348-9,
352;
Graeco-Turkish
(1897): 17,
37, 132, 160;
Graeco-Turkish
(1919-
1922): 27,34-6,39-40,91-2,97-8,100-1,
103, 107-8, 128, 155-6, 159, 162-3,
192,
Chapters VI. and
VII.
passim,
350, 364, 357 ;
Greek Civil
(1823-4) :
64
n,
349;
Peloponnesian
(431-404
B.c.):
221, 363-4;
Russo-Turkish
(1768-74): 365
η
;
(1828-9): 15, 18;
(1804-17): 17».
Washington, George
: 180.
Western
:—
Churches
: 28, 329 ;
Civil¬
isation, homelands of:
11 ;
Hypoc¬
risy
: 353 ;
Imperialism
:
Chapters
II. and III. passim,
357 ;
Intelli¬
gentsia
: 352 ;
Military
attachés
:
102-3, 264-8, 263, 294
η,
298, 299-
311 ;
Political ideas, Spread of
: 4 ;
Press:
28, 59, 91, 360;
Public
opinion and prejudice
: 36, 68-62,
74, 76, 89-91, 105, 137, 177
n,
190,
211-12, 327-53 ;
Religious toleration:
8, 267-9 ;
seamen
: 188 ;
soldiers
:
2, 69, 84, 103, 344.
Westerners (=Franks):
9, 31, 198,
269
(conventional
h
umanitar ianism
of modern),
344
(residing in the East),
369
η
(expelled from Japan and
Abyssinia in the 17th century).
Whitehall
: 132.
Wilhelm ii.
of Germany, Emperor
: 89.
William in. of England, King
: 269
n.
Wilson, President Woodrow
: 60, 60,
76, 178
n,
328.
Winterton,
Earl
: 79
n.
Wrangel, General
: 83, 89, 225.
Xenophon
: 216, 221
n.
Xerxes
: 220.
Yalova,
Kaza
of
: 269, 283, 293.
------
Town of
: 139, 263, 275, 282,
287, 294, 299-311, 315.
------
Gemlik Peninsula
: 143, 215,
242, 269, 277-8, 283-8, 292, 294,
297, 311, 313, 316-16.
Yannina
: 139,
1C4.
Ydhra:
124.
Yemen:
19-20.
Yenijé
Vardar :
116.
Yorgo
Kaptán
of Gemlik
: 286-7.
Yortan
(Kaza
of Yalova)
: 306, 309,
311.
420
THE WESTERN QUESTION
Yoryi of Arnautkeui,
Yokátos
: 282
η.
------
Ormanjy (Greek Kuruju of
Samanly)
: 294.
Yudenieh, General
:
SO.
Yukara Bey
Кеш
(near Bergama)
:
161, 170.
'
Yunanistan
' ( *=
Kingdom of Greece)
:
130.
Yuruk
Ali (Chetté
leader in the
Mae an
der
Valley)
: 196.
Yuruks
: 199-200.
Yusuf Kemal Bey
: 64, 60, 84, 101.
178-9.
Zaghlul Pasha, S.
: 181.
Kante : 338.
Zara :
126.
Zimmis
: 268.
Zionism
: 45.
Zoological Gardens (London)
: 41.
Zoroastrians
: 224, 268.
f
Bayenscho
j
Staatsbibliothek
і
і
München
і
Printeďin
Great Britain by
T.
and A. Constable Ltd.
at the Edinburgh University Press |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Toynbee, Arnold 1889-1975 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)118623532 |
| author_facet | Toynbee, Arnold 1889-1975 |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Toynbee, Arnold 1889-1975 |
| author_variant | a t at |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV019691593 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | D465 |
| callnumber-raw | D465 |
| callnumber-search | D465 |
| callnumber-sort | D 3465 |
| callnumber-subject | D - General History |
| classification_rvk | NQ 4670 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)907815019 (DE-599)BVBBV019691593 |
| dewey-full | 940.31424 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 940 - History of Europe |
| dewey-raw | 940.31424 |
| dewey-search | 940.31424 |
| dewey-sort | 3940.31424 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1918-1922 gnd Geschichte 1914-1921 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1918-1922 Geschichte 1914-1921 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Türkei Türkei (DE-588)4061163-2 gnd Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 gnd Griechenland (DE-588)4022047-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Türkei Osmanisches Reich Griechenland |
| id | DE-604.BV019691593 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-31T00:37:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-013019379 |
| oclc_num | 907815019 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-210 DE-11 DE-188 DE-B1550 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-210 DE-11 DE-188 DE-B1550 DE-12 |
| physical | XIV S., 1 Bl., 420 S., 1 Karte Kt. 23 cm |
| psigel | HUB-HI096aak200702 BSBQK0154 BSBWK1 |
| publishDate | 1922 |
| publishDateSearch | 1922 |
| publishDateSort | 1922 |
| publisher | Constable |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Toynbee, Arnold 1889-1975 Verfasser (DE-588)118623532 aut The western question in Greece and Turkey a study in the contact of civilisations by Arnold J. Toynbee London ; Bombay ; Sidney Constable 1922 XIV S., 1 Bl., 420 S., 1 Karte Kt. 23 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1918-1922 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1914-1921 gnd rswk-swf Weltkrieg (1914-1918) Eastern question (Balkan) World War, 1914-1918 Atrocities World War, 1914-1918 Territorial questions Turkey Türkei Türkei (DE-588)4061163-2 gnd rswk-swf Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 gnd rswk-swf Griechenland (DE-588)4022047-3 gnd rswk-swf Griechenland (DE-588)4022047-3 g Osmanisches Reich (DE-588)4075720-1 g Geschichte 1914-1921 z DE-604 Türkei (DE-588)4061163-2 g Geschichte 1918-1922 z 1\p DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013019379&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013019379&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Toynbee, Arnold 1889-1975 The western question in Greece and Turkey a study in the contact of civilisations Weltkrieg (1914-1918) Eastern question (Balkan) World War, 1914-1918 Atrocities World War, 1914-1918 Territorial questions Turkey |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4061163-2 (DE-588)4075720-1 (DE-588)4022047-3 |
| title | The western question in Greece and Turkey a study in the contact of civilisations |
| title_auth | The western question in Greece and Turkey a study in the contact of civilisations |
| title_exact_search | The western question in Greece and Turkey a study in the contact of civilisations |
| title_full | The western question in Greece and Turkey a study in the contact of civilisations by Arnold J. Toynbee |
| title_fullStr | The western question in Greece and Turkey a study in the contact of civilisations by Arnold J. Toynbee |
| title_full_unstemmed | The western question in Greece and Turkey a study in the contact of civilisations by Arnold J. Toynbee |
| title_short | The western question in Greece and Turkey |
| title_sort | the western question in greece and turkey a study in the contact of civilisations |
| title_sub | a study in the contact of civilisations |
| topic | Weltkrieg (1914-1918) Eastern question (Balkan) World War, 1914-1918 Atrocities World War, 1914-1918 Territorial questions Turkey |
| topic_facet | Weltkrieg (1914-1918) Eastern question (Balkan) World War, 1914-1918 Atrocities World War, 1914-1918 Territorial questions Turkey Türkei Osmanisches Reich Griechenland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013019379&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013019379&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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