Astrophysics, clocks and fundamental constants:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York
Springer
2004
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Lecture notes in physics
648 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 346 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 3540219676 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Astrophysics, clocks and fundamental constants |c S. G. Karshenboim ; E. Peik (ed.) |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York |b Springer |c 2004 | |
| 300 | |a XVIII, 346 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Lecture notes in physics |v 648 | |
| 500 | |a Literaturangaben | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Astrophysique - Congrès | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Constantes physiques - Congrès | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mesure - Congrès | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Métrologie - Congrès | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Physical constants | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Physical measurements | |
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| 830 | 0 | |a Lecture notes in physics |v 648 |w (DE-604)BV000003166 |9 648 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804133105574871040 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS AN INTRODUCTION TO VARYING FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS SAVELY G.
KARSHENBOIM, EKKEHARD PEIK ............................... 1 1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 3 3 VARIABILITY OF FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1 *FUNDAMENTALITY* OF THE
FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.2 *CONSTANCY* OF
THE FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.3
INTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS . . . . . . . . . .
7 3.4 VARIABILITY OF FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS AND EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE . 8
4 ASTROPHYSICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL SEARCH FOR A VARIABILITY OF CONSTANTS .
. 9 5 NEW FREQUENCY STANDARDS AND CONSTRAINTS ON VARIATION OF
FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6 SUMMARY: RESULTS AND OPEN QUESTIONS . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 PART I ASTROPHYSICS
TIME AND THE UNIVERSE GERHARD B¨ ORNER
.................................................... 21 1 INTRODUCTION .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2 THE COSMOLOGICAL MODELS . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3 THE
HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4 THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5 THE INFLATIONARY
MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 30 6 VARIATION OF THE FINE STRUCTURE CONSTANT . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7 CONCLUSIONS. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 31 MILLISECOND PULSARS AS TOOLS OF FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS
MICHAEL KRAMER ................................................... 33 1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2 PULSARS. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.1 PULSARS AS NEUTRON STARS . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.2 PULSARS AS
RADIO SOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 35 3 A PULSAR*S LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3.1 NORMAL
PULSARS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.2 MILLISECOND PULSARS . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 X CONTENTS
4 PULSARS AS CLOCKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4.1 TIME TRANSFER . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 38 4.2 PULSAR TIMING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 5 APPLICATIONS OF
PULSARS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 44 5.1 PPN PARAMETERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 5.2 TESTS USING
DOUBLE NEUTRON STARS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 48 5.3 TESTS USING PROFILE STRUCTURE DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 5.4 RECENT DISCOVERIES . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 6 THE
DOUBLE-PULSAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 7 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
PART II FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS FUNDAMENTAL UNITS: PHYSICS AND METROLOGY
LEV B. OKUN ...................................................... 57 1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 2 FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS
AND UNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58 3 PLANCK UNITS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4 C, H, G * UNITS . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 59 5 PLANCK UNITS ARE IMPRACTICAL . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 6 UNITS OF
STONEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 7 ATOMIC CLOCKS AND C . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
8 TOWARDS A KILOGRAM BASED ON H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 9 KILOGRAM AS FREQUENCY * K . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 10
ELECTROMAGNETISM AND RELATIVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 11 CONCLUDING REMARKS . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
CONSTANTS, UNITS AND STANDARDS JEFF FLOWERS, BRIAN PETLEY
.......................................... 75 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 75 1.1 EARLY MEASUREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 1.2 THE FUNDAMENTAL
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 2
UNITS AND STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 2.1 USE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL
CONSTANTS TO FORM SYSTEMS OF UNITS . . . . 79 2.2 ARE THE CONSTANTS
REALLY CONSTANT?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
2.3 THE CODATA EVALUATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 79 2.4 CHANGING ACCURACY . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 3 ACCURACY OF
REALIZATION OF THE SI UNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 82 4 PRACTICAL REALIZATIONS OF THE SI UNITS AND THE
INVOLVEMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 82 4.1 THE JOSEPHSON EFFECT VOLTAGE STANDARD . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 83 4.2 THE QUANTISED HALL RESISTANCE . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 4.3 THE CALCULABLE
CAPACITOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 83 4.4 THE MOVING COIL WATT REALIZATION OF KIBBLE . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 84 4.5 THE KILOGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 CONTENTS
XI 4.6 THE ANOMALOUS G -FACTOR OF THE ELECTRON . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 85 4.7 THE RYDBERG CONSTANT . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 4.8 THE NEWTONIAN
CONSTANT OF GRAVITATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 5
UNDERPINNING OF THE SI BY THE FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 5.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE
FINE STRUCTURE CONSTANT IN METROLOGY. . . . 87 6 CONCLUSION . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 90 6.1 FUTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 7
SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 PART III GRAND UNIFICATION
AND QUANTUM GRAVITY TIME VARYING FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS, EXTRA DIMENSIONS
AND THE RENORMALIZATION GROUP WILLIAM J. MARCIANO
.............................................. 97 1 DIRAC REVISITED *
THE HIERARCHY PROBLEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
97 2 FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS FROM A MODERN PERSPECTIVE . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 99 3 EXTRA DIMENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 4
RENORMALIZATION GROUP CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 102 5 EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
103 6 DISCUSSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 FUNDAMENTAL
CONSTANTS AND THEIR POSSIBLE TIME DEPENDENCE HARALD FRITZSCH
.................................................... 107 1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 2 VARIATION OF FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS
AND GRAND UNIFICATION. . . . . . . . . . 110 QUANTUM GRAVITY AND
FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS CLAUS KIEFER
...................................................... 115 1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 2 QUANTUM GENERAL
RELATIVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 118 3 SUPERSTRING THEORY (*M-THEORY*) . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 4 KALUZA*KLEIN THEORIES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 124 5 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 PART IV
ASTROPHYSICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL SEARCH CONSTRAINING VARIATIONS IN THE
FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT, QUARK MASSES AND THE STRONG INTERACTION MICHAEL
T. MURPHY, VICTOR V. FLAMBAUM, JOHN K. WEBB VLADIMIR V. DZUBA, JASON X.
PROCHASKA, ARTHUR M. WOLFE .............. 131 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 131 2 VARYING * FROM QUASAR ABSORPTION LINES . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 2.1 QUASAR ABSORPTION
LINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 132 XII CONTENTS 2.2 THE MANY-MULTIPLET (MM) METHOD . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 2.3 SPECTRAL ANALYSIS AND
UPDATED RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 2.4
RECENT CRITICISMS OF THE MM METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 139 2.5 ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCE VARIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 3 VARYING * AND M Q /* QCD FROM
ATOMIC CLOCKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 3.1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 3.2 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC MOMENTS, * AND
M Q /* QCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 3.3 RESULTS . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 146 4 CONCLUSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
ASTROPHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS ON HYPOTHETICAL VARIABILITY OF FUNDAMENTAL
CONSTANTS SERGEI A. LEVSHAKOV
................................................ 151 1 INTRODUCTION . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 2 METHODS TO CONSTRAIN **/* FROM QSO
ABSORPTION SPECTRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 153 2.1 THE ALKALI-DOUBLET (AD) METHOD . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 2.2 THE MANY-MULTIPLET (MM)
METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 2.3 THE
REGRESSION MM METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 158 3 CONSTRAINTS ON THE PROTON-TO-ELECTRON MASS RATIO . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 OKLO
CONSTRAINT ON THE TIME-VARIABILITY OF THE FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT
YASUNORI FUJII ..................................................... 167
1 WHAT IS THE OKLO PHENOMENON? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 2 HOW DID SHLYAKHTER PROBE ** ? . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 3 HOW GOOD
IS IT? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 4 HOW CAN IT BE CONSISTENT WITH THE QSO
RESULT? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 A BOUND ON **/* FROM
THE COULOMB-ONLY ESTIMATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 B
DISTANT MIGRATION OF THE HIGHER RESONANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 182 C ANOTHER 3-PARAMETER FIT WITH AN OFFSET . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 PART V PRECISION FREQUENCY
MEASUREMENTS WITH NEUTRAL ATOMS COLD ATOM CLOCKS, PRECISION OSCILLATORS
AND FUNDAMENTAL TESTS S. BIZE, P. WOLF, M. ABGRALL, L. CACCIAPUOTI, A.
CLAIRON, J. GR¨ UNERT, PH. LAURENT, P. LEMONDE, A.N. LUITEN, I.
MAKSIMOVIC, C. MANDACHE, H. MARION, F. PEREIRA DOS SANTOS, P.
ROSENBUSCH, C. SALOMON, G. SANTARELLI, Y. SORTAIS, M.E. TOBAR, C. VIAN,
S. ZHANG ............... 189 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 189 2 TEST OF LOCAL POSITION INVARIANCE. STABILITY OF FUNDAMENTAL
CONSTANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
190 2.1 THEORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 2.2 EXPERIMENTS WITH 87
RB AND 133 CS FOUNTAIN CLOCKS . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 CONTENTS XIII
3 TESTS OF LOCAL LORENTZ INVARIANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 3.1 THEORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 198 3.2 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 4 CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
204 PRECISION SPECTROSCOPY OF ATOMIC HYDROGEN AND VARIATIONS OF
FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS M. FISCHER, N. KOLACHEVSKY, M. ZIMMERMANN, R.
HOLZWARTH, TH. UDEM, T.W. H¨ ANSCH, M. ABGRALL, J. GR¨ UNERT, I.
MAKSIMOVIC, S. BIZE, H. MARION, F. PEREIRA DOS SANTOS, P. LEMONDE, G.
SANTARELLI, P. LAURENT, A. CLAIRON, C. SALOMON
....................................................... 209 1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 2 HYDROGEN SPECTROMETER .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 212 3 FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 4 DETERMINATION OF
DRIFT RATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 221 5 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 AN
OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARD WITH COLD AND ULTRA-COLD CALCIUM ATOMS FRITZ
RIEHLE, CARSTEN DEGENHARDT, CHRISTIAN LISDAT, GUIDO WILPERS, HARALD
SCHNATZ, TOMAS BINNEWIES, HARDO STOEHR, UWE STERR ............. 229 1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 2 METHODS AND EXPERIMENTAL
REALIZATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
2.1 PROPERTIES OF THE CALCIUM STANDARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 230 2.2 PRODUCTION OF COLD CA ATOMS ( T * 3 MK) . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 2.3 PRODUCTION OF ULTRA-COLD ATOMS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 2.4
INTERROGATION OF THE CLOCK TRANSITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 232 3 UNCERTAINTY OF THE OPTICAL CA FREQUENCY STANDARD .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 3.1 RESIDUAL FIRST-ORDER DOPPLER
SHIFTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 3.2 OTHER
PHASE SHIFTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 236 3.3 FREQUENCY SHIFTS DUE TO EXTERNAL FIELDS .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 3.4 INFLUENCE OF COLD AND
ULTRA-COLD ATOMIC COLLISIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 3.5
UNCERTAINTY BUDGET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 4 FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 5
PROSPECTS OF THE CA OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARD . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 242 PART VI FREQUENCY STANDARDS WITH A SINGLE TRAPPED ION
TRAPPED ION OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARDS FOR LABORATORY TESTS OF
ALPHA-VARIABILITY CHRISTIAN TAMM, TOBIAS SCHNEIDER, EKKEHARD PEIK
..................... 247 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
247 2 THE SINGLE ION AS A REFERENCE IN AN OPTICAL CLOCK . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 248 3 SPECTROSCOPY OF THE 435.5 NM CLOCK TRANSITION
OF 171 YB + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 XIV CONTENTS 4
ABSOLUTE TRANSITION FREQUENCY AND FREQUENCY COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO IONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 5 SEARCH FOR TEMPORAL
VARIATION OF THE FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT. . . . . . . . 254 6 NUCLEAR
OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARD WITH TH-229 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 257 AN OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARD BASED ON THE INDIUM ION PETRISSA
ECKLE, MARIO EICHENSEER, ALEXANDER Y. NEVSKY, CHRISTIAN SCHWEDES,
JOACHIM VON ZANTHIER, HERBERT WALTHER ............. 263 1 INTRODUCTION .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 2 COOLING OF THE INDIUM ION . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 3
NEW COOLING LASER SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 4 HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 5
ABSOLUTE FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 269 PART VII HIGH-RESOLUTION MOLECULAR
SPECTROSCOPY APPLICATIONS OF FEMTOSECOND LASER COMB TO NONLINEAR
MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY JUN YE, R. JASON JONES, LISHENG CHEN, KEVIN W.
HOLMAN, DAVID J. JONES
.................................................... 275 1 INTRODUCTION
TO FEMTOSECOND OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 2
MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY AIDED BY FEMTOSECOND OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMB . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 3 I 2 HYPERFINE
INTERACTIONS, OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARDS AND CLOCKS . . . 283 4 EXTEND
PHASE-COHERENT FS COMBS TO THE MID-IR SPECTRAL REGION . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 5 FEMTOSECOND
LASERS AND EXTERNAL OPTICAL CAVITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
290 ULTRACOLD TRAPPED MOLECULES: NOVEL SYSTEMS FOR TESTS OF THE
TIME-INDEPENDENCE OF THE ELECTRON-TO-PROTON MASS RATIO U. FR¨ OHLICH, B.
ROTH, P. ANTONINI, C. L¨ AMMERZAHL, A. WICHT, S. SCHILLER
........................................................ 297 1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 2 MOLECULAR TESTS OF
CONSTANCY OF ELECTRON-TO-NUCLEON MASS RATIOS . . . . 299 3 SYMPATHETIC
COOLING OF MOLECULAR IONS AND SPECTROSCOPY . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 4
QUANTUM JUMP SPECTROSCOPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 5 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 306 CONTENTS XV PART VIII SPACE MISSIONS AND GENERAL RELATIVITY 35
YEARS OF TESTING RELATIVISTIC GRAVITY: WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? SLAVA
G. TURYSHEV, JAMES G. WILLIAMS, KENNETH NORDTVEDT, JR., MICHAEL SHAO,
THOMAS W. MURPHY, JR. ............................... 311 1 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 2 SCIENTIFIC MOTIVATION . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 313 2.1 PPN PARAMETERS AND THEIR CURRENT LIMITS . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 313 2.2 MOTIVATIONS FOR PRECISION GRAVITY EXPERIMENTS .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 3 LUNAR LASER RANGING: A UNIQUE
LABORATORY IN SPACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 3.1 LLR HISTORY
AND SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
318 3.2 EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 3.3 LLR TESTS OF THE EQUIVALENCE
PRINCIPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 3.4 LLR
TESTS OF OTHER GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS PARAMETERS . . . . . . . . . . 322
3.5 APOLLO CONTRIBUTION TO THE TESTS OF GRAVITY . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 323 4 NEW TEST OF RELATIVITY: THE LATOR MISSION . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 4.1 OVERVIEW OF LATOR . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 4.2 THE
EXPECTED RESULTS FROM LATOR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 326 5 CONCLUSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 SEARCH FOR NEW
PHYSICS WITH ATOMIC CLOCKS LUTE MALEKI AND JOHN PRESTAGE
...................................... 331 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 331 2 THE INSTRUMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 2.1
TEMPERATURE INDUCED FREQUENCY SHIFTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 338 2.2 MISSION DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 3 CONCLUSION . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 340 INDEX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 342 INDEX
............................................................ 343
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:03:26Z |
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| language | English |
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| physical | XVIII, 346 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2004 |
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| series | Lecture notes in physics |
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| spelling | Astrophysics, clocks and fundamental constants S. G. Karshenboim ; E. Peik (ed.) Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York Springer 2004 XVIII, 346 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Lecture notes in physics 648 Literaturangaben Astrophysique - Congrès Constantes physiques - Congrès Mesure - Congrès Métrologie - Congrès Physical constants Physical measurements Fundamentalkonstante (DE-588)4155639-2 gnd rswk-swf Frequenzmessung (DE-588)4155409-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 2003 Honnef gnd-content Fundamentalkonstante (DE-588)4155639-2 s DE-604 Frequenzmessung (DE-588)4155409-7 s Karšenbojm, Savelij G. Sonstige oth Lecture notes in physics 648 (DE-604)BV000003166 648 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=013000145&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Astrophysics, clocks and fundamental constants Lecture notes in physics Astrophysique - Congrès Constantes physiques - Congrès Mesure - Congrès Métrologie - Congrès Physical constants Physical measurements Fundamentalkonstante (DE-588)4155639-2 gnd Frequenzmessung (DE-588)4155409-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4155639-2 (DE-588)4155409-7 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Astrophysics, clocks and fundamental constants |
| title_auth | Astrophysics, clocks and fundamental constants |
| title_exact_search | Astrophysics, clocks and fundamental constants |
| title_full | Astrophysics, clocks and fundamental constants S. G. Karshenboim ; E. Peik (ed.) |
| title_fullStr | Astrophysics, clocks and fundamental constants S. G. Karshenboim ; E. Peik (ed.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Astrophysics, clocks and fundamental constants S. G. Karshenboim ; E. Peik (ed.) |
| title_short | Astrophysics, clocks and fundamental constants |
| title_sort | astrophysics clocks and fundamental constants |
| topic | Astrophysique - Congrès Constantes physiques - Congrès Mesure - Congrès Métrologie - Congrès Physical constants Physical measurements Fundamentalkonstante (DE-588)4155639-2 gnd Frequenzmessung (DE-588)4155409-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Astrophysique - Congrès Constantes physiques - Congrès Mesure - Congrès Métrologie - Congrès Physical constants Physical measurements Fundamentalkonstante Frequenzmessung Konferenzschrift 2003 Honnef |
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