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Evidentiality:

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 1957- (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2004
Edition:	1. publ.
Subjects:	Evidentials (Linguistics) Evidentialität
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Physical Description:	XXIII, 452 S.
ISBN:	0199263884

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MARC


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adam_text	CONTENTS PREFACE XI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XIV ABBREVIATIONS XVI CONVENTIONS XXIV LIST OF TABLES XXV LIST OF DIAGRAMS XXVI LIST OF SCHEMES XXVII 1 PRELIMINARIES AND KEY CONCEPTS 1 1.1 EVIDENTIALITY: AN ILLUSTRATION L 1.2 WHAT IS, AND WHAT IS NOT, AN EVIDENTIAL 3 1.2.1 THE NATURE OF LINGUISTIC EVIDENTIALS 3 1.2.2 EXPRESSING INFORMATION SOURCE BY MEANS OTHER THAN GRAMMATICAL EVIDENTIALS 10 1.3 EVIDENTIALS AS A LINGUISTIC TERM N 1.4 CHALLENGES 17 1.5 HOW THIS BOOK IS ORGANIZED 19 2 EVIDENTIALS WORLDWIDE 23 2.1 EVIDENTIALITY SYSTEMS WITH TWO CHOICES 25 2.1.1 EVIDENTIALITY SYSTEMS WITH TWO CHOICES: AN OVERVIEW 26 2.1.2 EVIDENTIALITY SYSTEMS WITH TWO CHOICES: ANALYTIC DIFFICULTIES 38 2.2 EVIDENTIALITY SYSTEMS WITH THREE CHOICES 42 2.3 EVIDENTIALITY SYSTEMS WITH FOUR CHOICES 51 2.4 EVIDENTIALITY SYSTEMS WITH FIVE OR MORE CHOICES 60 2.5 INFORMATION SOURCES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD : A SUMMARY 63 3 HOW TO MARK INFORMATION SOURCE 67 3.1 GRAMMATICAL MEANS FOR EVIDENTIAL MARKING 67 3.2 MARKEDNESS IN EVIDENTIALITY SYSTEMS 70 3.2.1 FUNCTIONAL MARKEDNESS IN EVIDENTIALITY SYSTEMS 71 3.2.2 FORMAL MARKEDNESS IN EVIDENTIALITY SYSTEMS 72 3.2.3 EVIDENTIALITY-NEUTRAL FORMS 75 3.2.4 OMISSION OF EVIDENTIALS 78 3.3 SCATTERED CODING OF EVIDENTIALITY 80 3.4 SEVERAL EVIDENTIALITY SUBSYSTEMS IN ONE LANGUAGE 82 VIII CONTENTS 3.5 DOUBLE MARKING OF INFORMATION SOURCE 87 3.6 HOW ONE EVIDENTIAL CAN OCCUR MORE THAN ONCE 95 3.7 SCOPE OF EVIDENTIALITY 96 3.8 TIME REFERENCE OF EVIDENTIALS 99 3.9 EXPRESSION OF EVIDENTIALS: A SUMMARY 103 4 EVIDENTIAL EXTENSIONS OF NON-EVIDENTIAL CATEGORIES 105 4.1 NON-INDICATIVE MOODS, MODALITIES, AND FUTURE 106 4.2 PERFECT, RESULTATIVE, AND PAST TENSES 112 4.3 PASSIVES 116 4.4 NOMINALIZATIONS 117 4.5 COMPLEMENTATION 120 4.6 PERSON-MARKING 123 4.7 PERCEPTUAL MEANINGS IN DEMONSTRATIVES 130 4.8 REPORTED SPEECH AS EVIDENTIALITY STRATEGY 132 4.8.1 MARKING REPORTED SPEECH 132 4.8.2 REPORTED SPEECH AND REPORTED EVIDENTIALS: SEMANTIC AFFINITIES 135 4.8.3 REPORTED EVIDENTIAL AND REPORTED SPEECH: DIVISION OF LABOUR 137 4.8.4 GRAMMATICALIZATION OF REPORTED SPEECH MARKERS AND INCIPIENT EVIDENTIALS 140 4.9 SEVERAL EVIDENTIALITY STRATEGIES IN ONE LANGUAGE 142 4.10 EVIDENTIALITY STRATEGIES: WHAT CAN WE CONCLUDE? 144 4.11 MODAL EXPRESSIONS AND EVIDENTIALITY STRATEGIES: WHERE TO DRAW THE LINE? 147 5 EVIDENTIALS AND THEIR MEANINGS 153 5.1 SEMANTIC COMPLEXITY IN SYSTEMS WITH TWO EVIDENTIALITY CHOICES 154 5.2 SEMANTIC COMPLEXITY IN SYSTEMS WITH THREE EVIDENTIALITY CHOICES 159 5.2.1 VISUAL, OR DIRECT, EVIDENTIAL IN SYSTEMS WITH THREE CHOICES 159 5.2.2 NON-VISUAL SENSORY EVIDENTIAL IN SYSTEMS WITH THREE CHOICES 162 5.2.3 INFERRED EVIDENTIAL IN SYSTEMS WITH THREE CHOICES 163 5.3 SEMANTIC COMPLEXITY WITHIN LARGER SYSTEMS 166 5.3.1 SEMANTIC COMPLEXITY OF SENSORY EVIDENTIALS 167 5.3.2 SEMANTIC COMPLEXITY OF INFERRED EVIDENTIALS 174 5.4 SEMANTIC COMPLEXITY OF REPORTED EVIDENTIALS 176 5.4.1 REPORTED VERSUS QUOTATIVE 177 5.4.2 DISTINGUISHING SECONDHAND AND THIRDHAND INFORMATION 178 CONTENTS IX 5.4.3 EPISTEMIC EXTENSIONS OF REPORTED EVIDENTIALS 179 5.4.4 TWO REPORTED EVIDENTIALS IN ONE LANGUAGE 185 5.5 EVIDENTIALS AND THEIR MEANINGS: A SUMMARY 186 6 EVIDENTIALITY AND MIRATIVITY 195 6.1 MIRATIVE EXTENSIONS IN SYSTEMS WITH TWO EVIDENTIALITY CHOICES 195 6.2 MIRATIVE EXTENSIONS IN OTHER EVIDENTIALITY SYSTEMS 200 6.3 MIRATIVE EXTENSIONS OF EVIDENTIALITY STRATEGIES 204 6.4 EVIDENTIALS AS MIRATIVE STRATEGIES: A SUMMARY 207 APPENDIX. MIRATIVITY: GRAMMATICALIZED UNPREPARED MIND ? 209 7 WHOSE EVIDENCE IS THAT? EVIDENTIALS AND PERSON 217 7.1 EVIDENTIALITY AND NATURE OF OBSERVER 217 7.2 EVIDENTIALITY AND FIRST PERSON 219 7.2.1 FIRST PERSON EFFECTS IN EVIDENTIALS 219 7.2.2 RESTRICTIONS ON EVIDENTIAL USE IN FIRST PERSON CONTEXTS 231 7.3 EVIDENTIALS AND OTHERS 233 7.3.1 WHEN T INVOLVES YOU 233 7.3.2 SECOND AND THIRD PERSONS WITH EVIDENTIALS 234 7.4 EVIDENTIALS AS IMPLICIT PERSON MARKERS 235 7.5 INFORMATION SOURCE AND THE OBSERVER: A SUMMARY 237 8 EVIDENTIALS AND OTHER GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES 241 8.1 EVIDENTIALS AND CLAUSE TYPES 242 8.1.1 EVIDENTIALS IN QUESTIONS 242 8.1.2 EVIDENTIALS IN COMMANDS 250 8.1.3 EVIDENTIALS IN DEPENDENT CLAUSES AND OTHER CLAUSE TYPES 253 8.2 EVIDENTIALS AND NEGATION 256 8.3 EVIDENTIALS AND NON-INDICATIVE MODALITIES 257 8.4 EVIDENTIALS, TENSE, AND ASPECT 261 8.5 EVIDENTIALS AND OTHER CATEGORIES 268 8.6 EVIDENTIALS AND OTHER GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES: A SUMMARY 270 9 EVIDENTIALS: WHERE DO THEY COME FROM? 271 9.1 ORIGINS OF EVIDENTIALS 271 9.1.1 GRAMMATICALIZED VERBS AS SOURCE FOR EVIDENTIALS 271 9.1.2 DEICTIC AND LOCATIVE MARKERS AS SOURCES FOR EVIDENTIALS 275 9.1.3 EVIDENTIALITY STRATEGIES AS SOURCE FOR EVIDENTIALS 276 9.1.4 SPEECH COMPLEMENTS AS SOURCE FOR EVIDENTIALS 281 9.1.5 COPULA CONSTRUCTIONS AS SOURCE FOR EVIDENTIALS 283 CONTENTS 9.1.6 OTHER SOURCES FOR EVIDENTIALS 284 9.1.7 ETYMOLOGICALLYHETEROGENOUS EVIDENTIALS 285 9.1.8 SOURCES FOR EVIDENTIALS: A SUMMARY 287 9.2 EVIDENTIALS AND LANGUAGE CONTACT 288 9.2.1 EVIDENTIALITY AS AN AREAL FEATURE 288 9.2.2 GAIN AND LOSS OF EVIDENTIALS IN LANGUAGE CONTACT 294 9.2.3 EVIDENTIALS IN CONTACT LANGUAGES 296 9.3 EVIDENTIALS AND LANGUAGE OBSOLESCENCE 299 9.4 WHERE DO EVIDENTIALS COME FROM: A SUMMARY 302 MAP. EVIDENTIALS WORLDWIDE: AREAL DISTRIBUTION 303 10 HOW TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT EVIDENTIAL: EVIDENTIALITY IN DISCOURSE AND IN LEXICON 305 10.1 PREFERRED EVIDENTIALS 305 10.2 EVIDENTIALITY AND DISCOURSE 310 10.2.1 EVIDENTIALS AND NARRATIVE CONVENTIONS 310 10.2.2 MANIPULATING EVIDENTIALS IN DISCOURSE 315 10.3 EVIDENTIALS AND THE LEXICON 324 10.4 HOW TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT EVIDENTIAL: A SUMMARY 331 11 WHAT ARE EVIDENTIALS GOOD FOR? EVIDENTIALITY, COGNITION, AND CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE 333 11.1 EVIDENTIALS, COMMUNICATION, AND COGNITION 334 11.2 METALINGUISTIC PERCEPTION OF EVIDENTIALS 339 11.3 EVIDENTIAL CONVENTIONS AND KNOWLEDGE 343 11.4 CULTURAL AND COGNITIVE CORRELATES OF EVIDENTIALS: SOME SPECULATIONS 355 11.5 EVIDENTIALS IN CULTURE AND COGNITION: A SUMMARY 360 APPENDIX. HOW CHILDREN ACQUIRE EVIDENTIALS 362 12 WHAT CAN WE CONCLUDE? SUMMARY AND PROSPECTS 365 12.1 CROSS-LINGUISTIC PROPERTIES OF EVIDENTIALS: A SUMMARY 366 12.2 EVIDENTIALS: PROSPECTS AND AVENUES FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION 382 FIELDWORKER S GUIDE. HOW TO GATHER MATERIALS ON EVIDENTIALITY SYSTEMS 385 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 391 REFERENCES 397 INDEX OF LANGUAGES 429 INDEX OF AUTHORS 439 SUBJECT INDEX 445
any_adam_object	1
author	Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 1957-
author_GND	(DE-588)103328599
author_facet	Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 1957-
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building	Verbundindex
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dewey-full	415
dewey-hundreds	400 - Language
dewey-ones	415 - Grammar
dewey-raw	415
dewey-search	415
dewey-sort	3415
dewey-tens	410 - Linguistics
discipline	Sprachwissenschaft Literaturwissenschaft
edition	1. publ.
format	Book
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spellingShingle	Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 1957- Evidentiality Evidentials (Linguistics) Evidentialität (DE-588)4384194-6 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4384194-6
title	Evidentiality
title_auth	Evidentiality
title_exact_search	Evidentiality
title_full	Evidentiality Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald
title_fullStr	Evidentiality Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald
title_full_unstemmed	Evidentiality Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald
title_short	Evidentiality
title_sort	evidentiality
topic	Evidentials (Linguistics) Evidentialität (DE-588)4384194-6 gnd
topic_facet	Evidentials (Linguistics) Evidentialität
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