Handbook of micrometeorology: a guide for surface flux measurement and analysis
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Dordrecht [u.a.]
Kluwer Acad. Publ.
2004
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Atmospheric and oceanographic sciences library
29 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 250 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1402022646 1402022654 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Handbook of micrometeorology |b a guide for surface flux measurement and analysis |c ed. by Xuhui Lee ... |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804132981573419008 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Contributing Authors
ix
Preface
xiii
1
Introduction
1
Beverly Law, Shashi Verma
Averaging, Detrending, and Filtering of Eddy Co-
7
variance Time Series
John Moncrieff, Robert Clement, John
Finnig an, Tilden
Meyers
1
Introduction
7
2
Averaging, Detrending, and Filtering Operations
11
2.1
Time averaging
11
2.2
Linear detrending
12
2.3
Filtering
14
2.4
Advantages and disadvantages of the three methods:
Their effect on the spectra
17
3
Choosing an Averaging Period or Filter Time Constant
18
4
The Origin of Low Frequency Content in the Signal
22
5
Errors Associated with Averaging, Filtering and Detrending
25
6
Averaging and Filtering in Complex Terrain: Special Consid¬
erations
27
7
Conclusions
29
8
References
30
Coordinate Systems and Flux Bias Error
33
Xuhui Lee, John Finnigan, Kyaw Tha Paw
U
1
Introduction
33
2
Theory
35
2.1
Mass balance at a point
35
2.2
Coordinate systems
39
2.3
Advantages and disadvantages of Cartesian and stream¬
line coordinate systems
43
3
Coordinate Systems for Point Measurements
44
3.1
General considerations
44
3.2
Instrument coordinate
45
3.3
Natural wind coordinate
47
v
vi
HANDBOOK OF MICROMETEOROLOGY
3.4
Planar fit coordinate
48
4
Flux Bias Error due to Coordinate Tilt
50
4.1
Momentum flux bias
51
4.2
Scalar flux bias
51
5
Examples of Coordinate Tilt
53
6
Analysis of a Sample
Dataset
55
6.1
Dataset
55
6.2
Results
56
7
Conclusions
58
8
Appendix A: The Natural Wind Coordinate System
60
9
Appendix B: An Alternative Method for Rotation into the Pla¬
nar Fit Coordinate
61
10
Acknowledgment
64
11
References
64
Uncertainty in Eddy Covariance Flux Estimates
67
Resulting from Spectral Attenuation
William Massman, Robert Clement
1
General Issues Regarding Flux Attenuation
67
2
Sources of Uncertainties for the Transfer Function Method
73
2.1
A general mathematical expression for spectra and cospec-
tra
73
2.2
Analytical expression for estimating uncertainty
75
3
Application of Uncertainty Analysis to Observed Data
77
3.1
Site description and data handling preliminaries: An
AmeriFlux site
77
3.2
Observed values of the cospectral parameters fx, Afx,
a, and
Δα
79
3.3
Cospectral (dis)similarity between sites: A CarboEu-
rope flux site
84
3.4
Departures from smooth cospectral shapes
87
3.5
Results for an open-path system
88
3.6
Extension to a closed-path system and
Δτβ
89
3.7
Discussion and caveats concerning low frequencies
92
3.8
Summary
94
4
References
96
Low Frequency Atmospheric Transport and
Sur-
101
face Flux Measurements
Yadvinder Malhi, Keith McNaughton,
Celso
Von Randow
1
Introduction
101
2
Turbulence Structure, Eddy Sizes and Sampling Times
102
2.1
Mixed-layer (outer-layer) timescales
105
2.2
Surface-layer (inner-layer) timescales
108
3
Empirical Evidence of Low Frequency Flux Transport 111
3.1
Wavelet spectral analyses of turbulent fluxes in Scot¬
land and Amazonia 111
3.2
Low frequency transport and energy balance
114
4
Effect of Standard Flux Calculations on Low Frequency Flux
Terms
115
5
Complications
116
Contents
vii
6
Conclusions
117
7
References
117
Measurements of Trace Gas Fluxes in the Atmo-
119
sphere Using Eddy Covariance: WPL Corrections
Revisited
Ray
Leuning
1
Introduction
119
2
Conservation Equations for Moist Air and Trace Constituents
120
3
Non-steady, Three Dimensional Flow
122
4
Steady, One-dimensional Horizontally Homogeneous Flows
125
4.1
Fluxes
125
4.2
The vertical velocity of air
126
5
Practical Considerations
127
5.1
Fluxes in terms of mixing ratios and concentrations
127
5.2
Closed-path analyzers
127
5.3
Open-path gas analyzers
129
5.4
Advection
130
6
Conclusions
130
7
References
131
Concerning the Measurement of Atmospheric Trace
133
Gas Fluxes with Open- and Closed-path Eddy Co-
variance System: The WPL Terms and Spectral
Attenuation
William Massman
1
Introduction
134
2
The WPL80 Terms and Spectral Attenuation
136
3
Open-path Systems
138
4
Closed-path Systems
140
4.1
General considerations
140
4.2
Detection chamber transfer functions
142
4.3
Pressure fluctuations within the detection chamber
147
4.4
Synthesis: Possible consequences for flux estimates
150
4.5
Low frequency temperature fluctuations
155
5
Summary and Conclusions
156
6
Acknowledgment
157
7
References
158
Stationarity, Homogeneity, and Ergodicity in Canopy
161
Turbulence
Gabriel Katul,
Daniela
Cava, Davide Poggi, John
Albertson,
Larry Mahrt
1
Introduction
161
2 Stationarity,
Homogeneity, and the Ergodic Hypothesis
164
3
Stationarity, Homogeneity, and Ergodicity in Atmospheric Sur¬
face Layer Flows
167
4
Homogeneity and Ergodicity in the Neutral and Unstable CSL
171
5
Stationarity and Ergodicity in the Stable CSL
174
6
Conclusions
176
7
Acknowledgment
178
viii
HANDBOOK OF MICROMETEOROLOGY
8
References
179
9
Post-field Data Quality Control
181
Thomas Foken,
Mathias Göckede,
Matthias Mauder, Larry Mahrt,
Brian
Amiro,
William
Munger
1
Introduction
181
2
Quality Assurance and Quality Control
182
3
Quality Control of Eddy Covariance Measurements
184
3.1
Basic tests of the raw data
184
3.2
Statistical tests
187
3.3
Tests on fulfillment of theoretical requirements
189
3.4
Overall quality flag system
193
3.5
Site dependent quality control
195
4
Further Problems of Quality Control
198
5
Conclusion
202
6
Acknowledgment
203
7
References
203
10
Advection and Modeling
209
John Finnigan
1
Introduction
209
2
General Remarks on Modeling and Advection
211
2.1
Modeling
211
2.2
Advection
212
3
The Turbulent Wind Field in a Tall Canopy on a Low Hill
218
4
Scalar Flow and Transport in a Tall Canopy on a Low Hill
226
4.1
Analytical model
226
4.2
Numerical model
233
5
Discussion and Conclusion
238
6
Appendix A: Model for
Stomatal
Conductance
240
7
Appendix B: Model for Photosynthetically Active Radiation
241
8
Acknowledgment
241
9
References
241
Index
245
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| spelling | Handbook of micrometeorology a guide for surface flux measurement and analysis ed. by Xuhui Lee ... Dordrecht [u.a.] Kluwer Acad. Publ. 2004 XIV, 250 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Atmospheric and oceanographic sciences library 29 Meteorologie gtt Micrométéorologie Micrometeorology Messung (DE-588)4038852-9 gnd rswk-swf Mikrometeorologie (DE-588)4315182-6 gnd rswk-swf Luftströmung (DE-588)4338131-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content Mikrometeorologie (DE-588)4315182-6 s Luftströmung (DE-588)4338131-5 s Messung (DE-588)4038852-9 s DE-604 Lee, Xuhui Sonstige oth Atmospheric and oceanographic sciences library 29 (DE-604)BV010783916 29 Digitalisierung TU Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012948176&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Handbook of micrometeorology a guide for surface flux measurement and analysis Atmospheric and oceanographic sciences library Meteorologie gtt Micrométéorologie Micrometeorology Messung (DE-588)4038852-9 gnd Mikrometeorologie (DE-588)4315182-6 gnd Luftströmung (DE-588)4338131-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4038852-9 (DE-588)4315182-6 (DE-588)4338131-5 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Handbook of micrometeorology a guide for surface flux measurement and analysis |
| title_auth | Handbook of micrometeorology a guide for surface flux measurement and analysis |
| title_exact_search | Handbook of micrometeorology a guide for surface flux measurement and analysis |
| title_full | Handbook of micrometeorology a guide for surface flux measurement and analysis ed. by Xuhui Lee ... |
| title_fullStr | Handbook of micrometeorology a guide for surface flux measurement and analysis ed. by Xuhui Lee ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Handbook of micrometeorology a guide for surface flux measurement and analysis ed. by Xuhui Lee ... |
| title_short | Handbook of micrometeorology |
| title_sort | handbook of micrometeorology a guide for surface flux measurement and analysis |
| title_sub | a guide for surface flux measurement and analysis |
| topic | Meteorologie gtt Micrométéorologie Micrometeorology Messung (DE-588)4038852-9 gnd Mikrometeorologie (DE-588)4315182-6 gnd Luftströmung (DE-588)4338131-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Meteorologie Micrométéorologie Micrometeorology Messung Mikrometeorologie Luftströmung Konferenzschrift |
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