The roles of vasopressin and oxytocin in memory processing:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
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| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier, Acad. Press
2004
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| Schriftenreihe: | Advances in pharmacology
50 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XLV, 740 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0120329514 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The roles of vasopressin and oxytocin in memory processing |c ed. by Barbara B. McEwen |
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Elsevier, Acad. Press |c 2004 | |
| 300 | |a XLV, 740 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Advances in pharmacology |v 50 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mémoire - Aspect physiologique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Neuropeptides - Recherche | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ocytocine - Recherche | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Vasopressine - Recherche | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Memory |x Physiological aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Memory |x physiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Neuropeptides |x Research | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Oxytocin | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Oxytocin |x Research | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Vasopressin |x Research | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Vasopressins | |
| 700 | 1 | |a McEwen, Barbara B. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Advances in pharmacology |v 50 |w (DE-604)BV002534644 |9 50 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804132946697781248 |
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| adam_text | FM THE ROLES OF VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN IN MEMORY PROCESSING BY BARBARA
B. MCEWEN PROFESSOR EMERITUS DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY SOUTHERN
CONNECTICUT STATE UNIVERSITY NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT ADVANCES IN
PHARMACOLOGY VOLUME 50 ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS AMSTERDAM * BOSTON *
HEIDELBERG * LONDON NEW YORK * OXFORD * PARIS * SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO
* SINGAPORE * SYDNEY * TOKYO CONTENTS PREFACE XLI PART I GENERAL
INTRODUCTION TO VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN: STRUCTURE/METABOLISM,
EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS, NEURAL PATHWAY/RECEPTOR DISTRIBUTION, AND
FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS RELEVANT TO MEMORY PROCESSING BARBARA B. MCEWEN I.
METABOLIC ASPECTS 1 A. BIOSYNTHESIS OF VP AND OT 2 B. METABOLIC
DEGRADATION OF VP AND OT 6 II. EVOLUTIONARY CONSIDERATIONS AND
COMPARATIVE STUDY 6 III. VP AND OT CELL SYSTEMS, PATHWAYS, AND
RECEPTORS: CHARACTERISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION 9 A. VP-ERGIC AND OT-ERGIC
CELL GROUPS AND THEIR PATHWAYS IN THE CNS 9 1. METHODS USED TO LOCALIZE
VP AND OT SYSTEMS IN THE CNS 9 2. DISTINCTION BETWEEN MAGNOCELLULAR AND
PARVOCELLULAR VP-ERGIC AND OT-ERGIC CELLULAR SYSTEMS 11 3. HYPOTHALAMIC
VP-ERGIC AND/OR OT-ERGIC CELLS 13 A. HYPOTHALAMIC SON 13 XIII XIV
CONTENTS B. HYPOTHALAMIC PVN 13 C. AFFERENT INPUT INTO THE PVN 16 D. PVN
AS A VISCERAL EFFECTOR INTEGRATIVE CENTER 17 E. SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS
17 4. EXTRAHYPOTHALAMIC VP-ERGIC AND/OR OT-ERGIC CELL SYSTEMS 17 A.
OVERVIEW 17 B. SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC AND GONAD-DEPENDENT CIRCUITRY 21 5.
VP-ERGIC AND OT-ERGIC FIBERS AND TERMINALS OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN 22 B.
VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN RECEPTORS 22 1. DISTINCTION BETWEEN IONOTROPIC
AND METABOTROPIC RECEPTOR TRANSMISSION 22 A. IONOTROPIC RECEPTOR
TRANSMISSION 22 B. METABOTROPIC RECEPTOR TRANSMISSION 26 2.
CHARACTERIZING AND LOCALIZING VI AND V2 TYPES OF VP RECEPTORS IN
PERIPHERAL AND NEURAL TISSUES 28 A. VASOPRESSIN VIA RECEPTOR 28 I.
LOCALIZATION 28 II. RECEPTOR-MEDIATED SIGNALING PATHWAY 31 B.
VASOPRESSIN V2 RECEPTOR 34 3. CLASSIFICATION AND LOCALIZATION OF OT
RECEPTORS 35 C. VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN AS NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND
NEUROMODULATORS IN THE CNS 37 IV. FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS RELEVANT TO MEMORY
PROCESSING: ACTIONS AT NONNEURAL RECEPTOR SITES 38 A. HORMONAL VP
ACTIONS ON VI RECEPTORS IN THE PERIPHERAL VASCULATURE AND MEMORY
PROCESSING 38 B. VP AND OT INTERACTIONS WITH BLOOD VESSELS IN THE BRAIN:
ROLE IN MEMORY PROCESSING? 38 1. VP-OT INTERACTIONS WITH EXTRACEREBRAL
AND INTRACEREBRAL VASCULATURE 40 A. ROLES OF EXTRACEREBRAL AND
INTRACEREBRAL VASCULATURE IN BRAIN PERFUSION AND CIRCULATION 40 B.
INTERACTION WITH EXTRACEREBRAL VASCULATURE: HOMEOSTATIC REGULATION OF
BRAIN PERFUSION 41 C. INTERACTION WITH INTRACEREBRAL VASCULATURE 42 I.
REGULATION OF LOCAL BLOOD FLOW 42 II. NUTRIENT EXCHANGE ACROSS THE
BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER 43 C. ACTIONS OF VP AND OT IN NONNEURAL TISSUE SITES
AND GLUCOSE REGULATION: ROLE IN MEMORY PROCESSING 44 1. FUNCTIONAL ROLE
FOR VP AND OT IN GLUCOSE STORAGE AND UTILIZATION 44 CONTENTS XV 2.
STRESS-ASSOCIATED ACTIONS OF VP AND OT AT NONNEURAL TISSUE SITES AND
ENHANCED GLUCOSE AVAILABILITY TO THE BRAIN: ROLE IN MEMORY PROCESSING?
44 A. VP AND OT ACTION IN THE PANCREAS AND LIVER: DIRECT INFLUENCE ON
GLUCOSE METABOLISM 44 B. VP AND OT INFLUENCES ON STRESS HORMONES:
INDIRECT INFLUENCE ON GLUCOSE METABOLISM 45 C. RELATION BETWEEN
GLUCOSE-INDUCED ENHANCEMENT OF MEMORY PROCESSING, STRESS, AND VP- AND/OR
OT-INDUCED RELEASE OF STRESS HORMONES THAT ENHANCE GLUCOSE AVAILABILITY
TO THE BRAIN 45 D. STRESS-INDUCED VP/OT EFFECTS ON RECEPTORS IN THE
ADRENAL MEDULLA AND ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND: RELEVANCE FOR MEMORY
PROCESSING 46 1. VP/OT ACTIONS ON RECEPTORS IN THE ADRENAL MEDULLA AND
MEMORY PROCESSING 46 2. SUPPORT FOR STRESS-ASSOCIATED VP AND OT
INFLUENCE ON THE PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL AXIS 47 A. HYPOTHALAMIC VP AND
OT ACTIVATION OF THE PITUITARY- ADRENOCORTICAL AXIS DURING A STRESS
RESPONSE 47 B. TYPES OF STRESSORS THAT ACTIVATE VP AND OT CELL GROUPS
INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF HORMONAL RELEASE FROM THE ANTERIOR
PITUITARY 47 C. STRESS HORMONES RELEASED FROM THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY AND
THE ADRENAL CORTEX: EFFECTS ON LEARNING AND MEMORY 48 I. ACTH 48 II.
/?-ENDORPHIN 48 III. CORTICOSTERONE 49 PART II DE WIED AND COLLEAGUES I:
EVIDENCE FOR A VP AND AN OT INFLUENCE ON MP: LAUNCHING THE VP/OT
CENTRAL MEMORY THEORY BARBARA B. MCEWEN I. CHAPTER OVERVIEW 51 II.
MAJOR TASK PARADIGMS USED BY DE WIED AND ASSOCIATES IN THEIR VP/OT
MEMORY RESEARCH 52 A. MULTITRIAL TWO-WAY ACTIVE AVOIDANCE TASK: THE
SHUTTLEBOX TASK 52 XVI CONTENTS B. MULTITRIAL ONE-WAY ACTIVE AVOIDANCE
TASK: THE POLE JUMP TASK 52 C. SINGLE-TRIAL STEP-THROUGH PASSIVE
(INHIBITORY) AVOIDANCE TASK 55 III. ROLE FOR VASOPRESSIN IN FACILITATING
MEMORY CONSOLIDATION AND RETRIEVAL 55 A. AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING
PARADIGMS: SELECTED STUDIES 56 1. SELECTED STUDIES 56 A. DE WIED (1965)
56 B. DE WIED AND BOHUS (1966) 58 C. DE WIED (1971) 59 D. ADER AND DE
WIED (1972) 61 E. BOHUS AND COLLEAGUES (1972) 62 F. KING AND DE WIED
(1974) 65 G. HAGAN AND COLLEAGUES (1982) 69 B. APPETITIVE LEARNING
PARADIGMS 72 1. SELECTED STUDIES 72 A. GARRUD AND COLLEAGUES (1974) 72
B. BOHUS (1977) 73 C. VAWTER AND VAN REE (1995) 75 D. VAWTER AND
COLLEAGUES (1997) 77 IV. OXYTOCIN: A NATURAL AMNESTIC IN AVERSIVE
LEARNING SITUATIONS 78 A. INTRODUCTION 78 1. SELECTED STUDIES 79 A.
WALTER AND COLLEAGUES (1975) 79 B. KOVACS AND COLLEAGUES (1978) 80 C.
BOHUS AND COLLEAGUES (1978A) 80 D. BOHUS AND COLLEAGUES (1978B) 81 E.
GAFFORI AND DE WIED (1988) 86 V. EFFECTS OF VP ON RETROGRADE AMNESIA:
EFFECT ON MEMORY RETRIEVAL? 90 A. INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS: RETROGRADE
AMNESIA AND MEMORY RETRIEVAL 90 1. SELECTED STUDIES 90 A. RIGTER AND
COLLEAGUES (1974) 90 B. BOHUS AND COLLEAGUES (1982) 93 VI. VP AND OT
APPEAR TO HAVE NO IMPORTANT EFFECTS ON THE LEARNING PHASE OF MEMORY
PROCESSING 94 VII. THEORETICAL PROPOSITIONS OF THE VP/OT CENTRAL MEMORY
THEORY AND RELEVANT EVIDENCE 97 A. PROPOSITION 1: VP FACILITATES MEMORY
CONSOLIDATION AND RETRIEVAL 97 B. PROPOSITION 2: OT ATTENUATES MEMORY
CONSOLIDATION AND RETRIEVAL 99 CONTENTS XVII C. PROPOSITION 3: VP AND OT
DO NOT HAVE A MAJOR ROLE IN THE LEARNING PHASE OF MEMORY PROCESSING 100
DE WIED AND COLLEAGUES II: FURTHER CLARIFICATION OF THE ROLES OF
VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN IN MEMORY PROCESSING BARBARA B. MCEWEN I.
CHAPTER OVERVIEW 103 II. ESTABLISHING THE ROLES OF ENDOGENOUS VP IN
MEMORY PROCESSING: THE BRATTLEBORO RAT MODEL 104 A. INTRODUCTORY
COMMENTS 104 B. EARLY RESEARCH STUDIES BY DE WIED AND COLLEAGUES WITH
THE BRATTLEBORO RAT 105 1. SELECTED STUDIES 105 A. DE WIED ETAL. (1975)
105 B. BOHUS ETAL. (1975) 106 C. INCONSISTENCIES IN THE RESEARCH
LITERATURE REGARDING THE PUTATIVE BRATTLEBORO DIABETES INSIPIDUS
RETENTION DEFICIT 109 D. COLONY-SPECIFIC HERITABLE TRAITS AND
INCONSISTENT FINDINGS CONCERNING A RETENTION DEFICIT IN THE BRATTLEBORO
DI RAT 110 1. SELECTED STUDIES 111 A. HERMAN ETAL. (1986A) 111 B. HERMAN
ETAL. (1986B) 112 E. BRATTLEBORO RAT RETENTION DEFICIT I: A PRIMARY OR
SECONDARY EFFECT OF VP DEFICIENCY? 113 F. BRATTLEBORO RAT RETENTION
DEFICIT II: AN AROUSAL-MEDIATED PHENOMENON? 113 G. BRATTLEBORO RAT MODEL
REVISITED: RECENT FINDINGS BY DE WIED AND COLLEAGUES 114 1. SELECTED
STUDY: DE WIED ET AL. (1988) 114 H. SECTION SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING
REMARKS 115 III. FURTHER STUDY OF THE ROLE OF ENDOGENOUS VP AND OT IN
MEMORY PROCESSING: PERIPHERAL AND/OR CENTRAL MECHANISMS? 116 A.
INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS 116 B. NEUTRALIZING PERIPHERAL OR CENTRALLY
CIRCULATING VP OR OT BY ANTISERUM TREATMENT: EFFECT ON MEMORY PROCESSING
117 1. SELECTED STUDY: VAN WIMERSMA GREIDANUS ET AL. (1975A) 117 C.
CORRELATIONAL STUDIES 1: AVOIDANCE RETENTION AND AVP LEVELS IN THE BLOOD
118 1. SELECTED STUDIES 118 A. THOMPSON AND DE WIED (1973) 118 B. VAN
WIMERSMA GREIDANUS ET AL. (1979A) 119 XVIII CONTENTS C. MENS ETAL.
(1982A) 120 D. LACZI ETAL. (1983C) 121 D. CORRELATIONAL STUDIES 2:
AVOIDANCE RETENTION AND AVP LEVELS IN THE CSF 124 1. SELECTED STUDIES
124 A. VAN WIMERSMA GREIDANUS ETAL. (1979A) 124 B. MENSEM/. (1982A) 124
C. LACZI ETAL. (1984) 125 E. CORRELATIONAL STUDIES 3: AVOIDANCE
RETENTION AND AVP LEVELS IN SELECTED BRAIN STRUCTURES 126 1. SELECTED
STUDIES 126 A. LACZI ETAL. (1983A) 126 B. LACZI ETAL. (1983B) 127 F.
SECTION SUMMARY 129 FV. VASOPRESSIN-INDUCED INCREASE IN BEHAVIORAL
AROUSAL IS NOT ESSENTIAL FOR ITS EFFECT ON MEMORY PROCESSING 129 A.
INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS 129 1. STRATEGY 1: DISSOCIATION OF THE BEHAVIORAL
AND ENDOCRINE EFFECTS OF PERIPHERALLY ADMINISTERED VASOPRESSIN*USE OF
DG-AVP AND OTHER C-TERMINAL VP METABOLITES 130 A. SELECTED STUDY:
GAFFORI AND DE WIED (1985) 130 2. STRATEGY 2: EVIDENCE THAT THE AROUSAL
EFFECT OF PERIPHERALLY INJECTED VP IS NOT ESSENTIAL FOR ITS INFLUENCE ON
MEMORY STORAGE 132 A. SELECTED STUDY: SKOPKOVA ET AL. (1991) 132 V.
PERIPHERALLY ADMINISTERED NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL PEPTIDES AND CENTRAL MEMORY
PROCESSING 133 A. DOES PERIPHERALLY INJECTED VP OR OT REACH CENTRAL
MEMORY-PROCESSING SITES? 133 1. SELECTED STUDY: DE WIED ET AL. (1984A)
134 VI. THEORETICAL PROPOSITIONS OF THE VP/OT CENTRAL MEMORY THEORY :
CONTINUED 134 A. PROPOSITION 1: VP FACILITATES MEMORY CONSOLIDATION AND
RETRIEVAL 135 B. PROPOSITION 3: VP AND OT HAVE NO MAJOR ROLE IN THE
LEARNING PHASE OF MEMORY PROCESSING 136 C. PROPOSITION 4: CENTRAL
VP-ERGIC AND OT-ERGIC CIRCUITRY AND NOT PERIPHERALLY CIRCULATING
HORMONES ARE THE PRIMARY MEANS BY WHICH NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL PEPTIDES
INFLUENCE MEMORY PROCESSING 136 D. PROPOSITION 5: VP AND OT MODULATE
MEMORY PROCESSING DIRECTLY AND NOT BY AN INDIRECT INFLUENCE ON
BEHAVIORAL AROUSAL 138 CONTENTS XIX E. PROPOSITION 6: THE EFFECT OF
EXOGENOUSLY ADMINISTERED VP AND OT ON MEMORY PROCESSING IS DUE TO ACTION
EXERTED AT CENTRAL AND NOT PERIPHERAL RECEPTOR SITES 139 DE WIED AND
COLLEAGUES III: BRAIN SITES AND TRANSMITTER SYSTEMS INVOLVED IN
THEVASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN INFLUENCE ON MEMORY PROCESSING BARBARA B.
MCEWEN I. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 141 II. LOCALIZING CENTRAL SITES FOR THE
MEMORY-MODULATING EFFECTS OF VP AND OT BY MEANS OF LESIONING AND
MICROINJECTION TECHNIQUES 141 A. THALAMIC-LIMBIC LESIONS: INFLUENCE ON
THE MEMORY-MODULATING EFFECTS OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE-LIKE
PEPTIDES AND OF VP AND/OR OT 142 1. SELECTED STUDIES 143 A. VAN WIMERSMA
GREIDANUS ET AL. (1974) 143 B. VAN WIMERSMA GREIDANUS ET AL. (1975B) 144
C. VAN WIMERSMA GREIDANUS AND DE WIED (1976B) 144 D. VAN WIMERSMA
GREIDANUS ET AL. (1979B) 145 E. VAN WIMERSMA GREIDANUS ET AL. (1979C)
146 2. SUMMARY: LESION STUDIES 148 B. MICROINJECTION OF VP, OT, OR THEIR
ANTISERA INTO DISCRETE BRAIN SITES 149 1. MICROINJECTIONS OF VP OR OT
INTO SELECTED BRAIN SITES 149 A. VAN WIMERSMA GREIDANUS ET AL. (1973)
149 B. KOVACSEJA/. (1979A) 149 C. KOVACSEFA/. (1979B) 150 D. BOHUS ETAL.
(1982) 150 2. MICROINJECTIONS OF VP OR OT ANTISERUM INTO SELECTED BRAIN
SITES 151 A. KOVACSE^/. (1980A) 151 B. KOVACSEFA/. (1982A) 151 C.
VELDHUIS^A/. (1987) 152 D. VAN WIMERSMA GREIDANUS AND BAARS (1988) 153
3. SUMMARY: MICROINJECTION STUDIES 153 III. INTERACTION BETWEEN VP/OT
PEPTIDES AND BRAIN CATECHOLAMINES IN MEMORY PROCESSING 155 A. THE
BEHAVIORAL/BIOCHEMICAL PROTOCOL: INFLUENCE OF VP, OT, OR THEIR ANTISERA
ON PA BEHAVIOR AND CATECHOLAMINERGIC NEUROTRANSMISSION 156 XX CONTENTS
1. SELECTED STUDIES 156 A. KOVACS ETAL. (1977) 156 B. KOVACS ETAL.
(1979A) 157 C. VELDHUIS ET AL. (1987) 158 2. SUMMARY 158 B. THE
BEHAVIORAL PROTOCOL: EFFECT OF SELECTIVE LESIONS IN A CATECHOLAMINERGIC
PROJECTION SYSTEM ON VP-INDUCED AVOIDANCE RETENTION 159 1. SELECTED
STUDIES 159 A. KOVACS ET AL. (1979B) 159 B.. KOVACS ET AL. (1980A) 162
C. THE BIOCHEMICAL PROTOCOL: THE EFFECT OF VP, OT, OR THEIR ANTISERA ON
CATECHOLAMINERGIC TRANSMISSION IN SELECTED BRAIN SITES 162 1. EFFECT OF
CENTRALLY INJECTED AVP OR OT ON CATECHOLAMINE NEUROTRANSMISSION 162 A.
SELECTED STUDIES 162 I. TANAKA ETAL. (1977A) 162 II. VAN HEUVEN-NOLSEN
ET AL. (1984A) 163 III. VAN HEUVEN-NOLSEN ET AL. (1984B) 163 IV. VAN
HEUVEN-NOLSEN AND VERSTEEG (1985) 164 B. SUMMARY 166 2.
INTRAVENTRICULARLY INJECTED VP OR OT ANTISERUM: EFFECT ON CATECHOLAMINE
NEUROTRANSMISSION IN SELECTED BRAIN SITES 166 A. SELECTED STUDIES 166 I.
VERSTEEG ETAL. (1979) 166 II. KOVACS AND TELEGDY (1983) 167 B. SUMMARY
168 IV. INTERACTION BETWEEN VP AND CATECHOLAMINES OF PERIPHERAL ORIGIN
DURING MEMORY PROCESSING 169 A. SELECTED STUDIES: BORRELL ET AL.
(1983A,B) 169 V. THEORETICAL PROPOSITIONS OF THE VP/OT CENTRAL MEMORY
THEORY : CONTINUED 173 A. PROPOSITION 7: THE CENTRAL ANATOMICAL
SUBSTRATE FOR THE MEMORY-MODULATING EFFECTS OF VP AND OT INCLUDES
BRAINSTEM AND FOREBRAIN LIMBIC SYSTEM STRUCTURES THAT ARE IMPLICATED IN
MEMORY PROCESSING 173 B. PROPOSITION 8: NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL PEPTIDES
INTERACT WITH CENTRAL CATECHOLAMINERGIC NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN MEDIATING
THEIR INFLUENCE ON MEMORY PROCESSING, AND THE VP/NA-ERGIC INTERACTIONAL
EFFECT APPEARS TO BE DEPENDENT ON AN INTACT HORMONAL EPINEPHRINE SYSTEM
FOR ITS EXPRESSION 174 CONTENTS XXI DE WIED AND COLLEAGUES IV: RESEARCH
INTO MECHANISMS OF ACTION BY WHICH VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN INFLUENCE
MEMORY PROCESSING BARBARA B. MCEWEN I. CHAPTER OVERVIEW 177 II. VP AND
OT: PRECURSORS OF METABOLIC FRAGMENTS THAT EXERT MEMORY-MODULATING
EFFECTS IN THE BRAIN? 178 A. THE NEUROPEPTIDE CONCEPT 178 B. EARLY
BEHAVIORAL EVIDENCE OF A ROLE FOR VP AND OT METABOLIC FRAGMENTS IN
MEMORY PROCESSING 178 C. BIOCHEMICAL SUPPORT FOR THE FORMATION OF
BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE VP AND OT NEUROPEPTIDE FRAGMENTS IN THE RAT BRAIN
180 1. IN VITRO RESEARCH 180 A. SELECTED STUDIES 180 I. BURBACH AND
LEBOUILLE (1983) 180 II. BURBACH ETAL. (1983B) 182 2. IN VIVO RESEARCH
185 A. SELECTED STUDIES 185 I. BURBACH ETAL. (1984) 185 II. STARKER/.
(1989) 187 D. DEMONSTRATION OF THE BEHAVIORAL ACTIVITIES OF VP AND OT
C-TERMINAL PEPTIDES 188 1. SELECTED STUDIES 188 A. BURBACH ET AL.
(1983A) 188 B. BURBACH ETAL. (1983B) 189 C. KOVACS ETAL. (1986) 189 D.
GAFFORI AND DE WIED (1986) 190 E. DE WIED ETAL. (1987) 191 E. LOCALIZING
BRAIN RECEPTOR SITES FOR THE BEHAVIORALLY ACTIVE VP AND OT C-TERMINAL
FRAGMENTS 192 III. CHARACTERIZING THE BRAIN RECEPTORS THAT MEDIATE THE
EFFECTS OF VP AND OT ON MEMORY PROCESSING 193 A. SELECTED STUDY: DE WIED
ET AL. (1991) 193 IV. VP, OT, AND HIPPOCAMPAL THETA RHYTHM DURING
PARADOXICAL SLEEP 195 A. HIPPOCAMPAL THETA ACTIVITY: CHARACTERISTICS,
GENESIS, AND BEHAVIORAL CORRELATES 195 B. VP, OT, HIPPOCAMPAL THETA
ACTIVITY, AND MEMORY CONSOLIDATION DURING PARADOXICAL SLEEP 196 1.
HIPPOCAMPAL THETA ACTIVITY DURING PARADOXICAL SLEEP: A NEURAL CORRELATE
OF MEMORY CONSOLIDATION? 196 XXII CONTENTS 2. INFLUENCE OF VP AND OT ON
HIPPOCAMPAL THETA ACTIVITY DURING PARADOXICAL SLEEP: RELEVANCE FOR
MEMORY PROCESSING 197 A. SELECTED STUDIES 197 I. URBAN AND DE WIED
(1975) 197 II. URBAN AND DE WIED (1978) 200 III. BOHUS ET AL. (1978B)
202 IV. URBAN (1981) 203 V. EFFECTS OF VP AND OT ON NEURONAL ACTIVITIES
IN THE SEPTAL-HIPPOCAMPAL SYSTEM, AND MEMORY PROCESSING 204 A.
INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS: ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE
NEUROTRANSMITTER AND NEUROMODULATORY ACTIVITIES OF VP AND OT 204 1.
SELECTED STUDIES 205 A. JOELS AND URBAN (1982) 205 B. JOELS AND URBAN
(1984A) 208 C. JOELS AND URBAN (1985) 210 D. URBAN AND DE WIED (1986)
212 E. VAN DEN HOOFF ET AL. (1989) 214 F. URBAN AND KILLIAN (1990) 216
G. CHEPKOVA ETAL. (1995) 218 VI. THEORETICAL PROPOSITIONS OF THE VP/OT
CENTRAL MEMORY THEORY : CONCLUDED 220 A. PROPOSITION 9: VP(L-9) AND
OT(L-9) ARE PRECURSORS OF METABOLIC FRAGMENTS THAT MODULATE MEMORY
PROCESSING IN THE BRAIN 221 B. PROPOSITION 10: THE INFLUENCE OF
VASOPRESSIN ON HIPPOCAMPAL THETA ACTIVITY DURING PARADOXICAL SLEEP IS
RELATED TO ITS ROLE IN MEMORY CONSOLIDATION 223 C. PROPOSITION 11:
VASOPRESSIN EXERTS BOTH A NEUROTRANSMITTER AND A NEUROMODULATOR ACTION
ON NEURONS IN THE SEPTAL-HIPPOCAMPAL SYSTEM; ITS NEUROMODULATOR ACTION
AT GLUTAMATERGIC SYNAPTIC SITES IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT FOR MEMORY
CONSOLIDATION 223 PART RESEARCH STUDIES OF KOOB AND COLLEAGUES: THE
VASOPRESSIN DUAL ACTION THEORY BARBARA B. MCEWEN I. OVERVIEW 227 II.
MEMORY TASKS USED IN VP/MEMORY RESEARCH 229 A. POLE-JUMP FOOTSHOCK
AVOIDANCE TASK 229 CONTENTS XXIII B. SINGLE-TRIAL INHIBITORY (PASSIVE)
AVOIDANCE TASK 230 C. SINGLE-TRIAL WATER (FOOD)-FINDING TASK 230 D.
RADIAL MAZE TASK 231 III. STUDIES WITH POLE-JUMP ACTIVE AVOIDANCE, AND
SINGLE-TRIAL PASSIVE AVOIDANCE PARADIGMS 231 A. SELECTED STUDIES 231 1.
LEMOAL ETAL. (1981) 231 2. KOOB ETAL. (1981) 232 3. LEBRUN ETAL. (1984)
234 4. KOOB ETAL. (1985A) 235 5. LEBRUN ETAL. (1985) 237 6. KOOB ETAL.
(1986) 238 IV. AVERSIVE EFFECTS OF BEHAVIORALLY ACTIVE DOSES OF
PERIPHERALLY ADMINISTERED VP 240 A. SELECTED STUDIES 240 1. DANTZER
ETAL. (1982) 240 2. BLUTHEEFA/. (1985A) 242 3. BLUTHE^A/. (1985B) 244 V.
RESEARCH STUDIES WITH THE SINGLE-TRIAL WATER (FOOD)-FINDING TASK 245 A.
SELECTED STUDIES 245 1. ETTENBERG E A/. (1983A) 245 2. ETTENBERG ETAL.
(1983B) 248 3. ETTENBERG (1984) 249 VI. RESEARCH STUDY WITH THE RADIAL
MAZE TASK 250 A. SELECTED STUDY: PACKARD AND ETTENBERG (1985) 250 VII.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 253 A. EVIDENCE RELEVANT TO THE ISSUE OF WHETHER
VP CROSSES THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER 253 1. SELECTED STUDY: DEYO ET AL.
(1986) 253 B. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC ACTIVATIONAL EFFECT INDUCED BY
BEHAVIORALLY ACTIVE DOSES OF PERIPHERALLY OR CENTRALLY ADMINISTERED AVP
254 1. SELECTED STUDY: EHLERS ET AL. (1985) 254 VIII. THE VP DUAL
ACTION THEORY 256 A. OPPOSING VIEWS CONCERNING THE MEANS BY WHICH
EXOGENOUS VASOPRESSIN INFLUENCES RETENTION BEHAVIOR 256 B. PROPOSITIONS
OF THE VP DUAL ACTION THEORY 257 1. PROPOSITION 1: THE POSTTRAINING
RETENTION EFFECT INDUCED BY TREATMENTS THAT INCREASE PERIPHERALLY
CIRCULATING AVP IS UNLIKELY TO BE DUE TO A NONMEMORIAL PERFORMANCE
EFFECT 257 XXIV CONTENTS 2. PROPOSITION 2: INCREASED BLOOD PRESSURE IS
AN INTERVENING CAUSAL FACTOR IN THE LEARNING/MEMORY EFFECTS INDUCED BY
TREATMENTS THAT LEAD TO HIGH LEVELS OF PERIPHERALLY CIRCULATING VP 258
3. PROPOSITION 3: AN EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENT, WHICH INCREASES PLASMA VP
TO A SUFFICIENT DEGREE TO INFLUENCE LEARNING AND MEMORY, RESULTS IN
AVERSIVE STIMULUS PROPERTIES CAUSALLY LINKED TO THE VP-INDUCED PRESSOR
EFFECT 258 4. PROPOSITION 4: THE AVERSIVE/PRESSOR ACCOMPANIMENTS OF HIGH
LEVELS OF PERIPHERALLY CIRCULATING VP PRODUCE AROUSAL EFFECTS THAT, IN
TURN, MEDIATE THE EFFECTS OF THE PEPTIDE ON LEARNING/ MEMORY IN
AVOIDANCE AND APPETITIVE LEARNING TASKS 259 5. PROPOSITION 5: THE
LEARNING/MEMORY EFFECTS OBSERVED AFTER EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENTS THAT
INCREASE BRAIN LEVELS OF VP ARE DUE TO A DIRECT ACTION ON THE
NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL SUBSTRATES OF THE AROUSAL SYSTEM 259 6. PROPOSITION
6: THE LEARNING/MEMORY EFFECTS THAT OCCUR AFTER EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENTS
THAT INCREASE PERIPHERAL LEVELS OF VP DO NOT RESULT FROM A DIRECT ACTION
ON CENTRAL VP RECEPTORS 260 IX. THE THEORETICAL CONTROVERSY BETWEEN THE
DE WIED ET AL. AND KOOB ET AL. RESEARCH GROUPS 261 A. TWO LINES OF
EVIDENCE PRESENTED BY DE WIED AND ASSOCIATES 261 B. TWO LINES OF
EVIDENCE OFFERED BY KOOB AND COLLEAGUES 262 X. COMMENTARY RELEVANT TO
THE KOOB ET AL. POSITION 263 CONTRIBUTIONS OF SAHGAL AND COLLEAGUES: THE
VASOPRESSION CENTRAL AROUSAL THEORY BARBARA B. MCEWEN I. CHAPTER
OVERVIEW 265 II. BEHAVIORAL AROUSAL AND CENTRAL AROUSAL SYSTEM
CONSTRUCTS, AND THEIR RELEVANCE FOR COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR 266 A.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 266 B. VIEWS ON BEHAVIORAL AROUSAL AND THE AROUSAL
SYSTEM: THE HEBBIAN INFLUENCE 266 C. THE YERKES-DODSON POSTULATED
AROUSAL/PERFORMANCE CURVE REVISITED: QUALIFYING COMMENTS BY HEBB AND
EYSENCK 267 D. BROADBENT S TWO-COMPONENT MODEL OF BEHAVIORAL AROUSAL AND
ITS RELEVANCE FOR THE VP CENTRAL AROUSAL THEORY 269 III. RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN THE VP CENTRAL AROUSAL THEORY AND THE VP DUAL ACTION THEORY
271 IV. SAHGAL S CRITIQUE OF THE RESEARCH PRACTICES OF DE WIED AND
COLLEAGUES 272 CONTENTS XXV V. RESEARCH PRACTICES AND OBJECTIVES OF
SAHGAL AND COLLEAGUES 273 VI. TASK PARADIGMS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS 274
A. PASSIVE AVOIDANCE TASK 274 1. TASK DESCRIPTION 274 2. STUDIES USING
THE PASSIVE AVOIDANCE TASK 274 A., SAHGAL ETAL. (1982) 274 B. SAHGAL AND
WRIGHT (1983) 275 B. AUTOSHAPED LEVER TOUCH TASK 276 1. TASK DESCRIPTION
276 2. STUDIES USING THE AUTOSHAPED LEVER TOUCH TASK 277 A. SAHGAL
(1983) 277 B. ANDREWS ETAL. (1983) 278 C. COMBINED ACTIVE/PASSIVE
AVOIDANCE TASK 280 1. TASK DESCRIPTION 280 2. STUDIES USING THE COMBINED
ACTIVE/PASSIVE AVOIDANCE TASK 281 A. SAHGAL AND WRIGHT (1984) 281 B.
SAHGAL (1986) 283 D. DELAYED MATCHING AND NONMATCHING TO POSITION TASKS
285 1. TASK DESCRIPTION 285 2. STUDIES USING DELAYED MATCHING AND/OR
NONMATCHING TO POSITION TASKS 286 A. SAHGAL (1987A) 286 B. SAHGAL ETAL.
(1990) 288 VII. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND COMMENTARY ON THE VP CENTRAL
AROUSAL THEORY 290 A. PROPOSITIONS DERIVED FROM THE VP CENTRAL AROUSAL
THEORY AND RELEVANT EVIDENCE 290 1. PROPOSITION 1: INCREMENTS IN
PERIPHERAL OR CENTRAL LEVELS OF VASOPRESSIN RAISE THE BASELINE
BEHAVIORAL AROUSAL LEVEL, AND BY IMPLICATION ACTIVITY IN ITS UNDERLYING
NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL SUBSTRATE 290 2. PROPOSITION 2: THE BEHAVIORAL
EFFECTS OF VP ON LEARNING AND MEMORY TASKS ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO
INCREASING BASELINE AROUSAL LEVEL (REFLECTED IN THE POSTULATED U-SHAPED
AROUSAL-PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY CURVE) AND NOT TO A DIRECT FACILITATION
OF THE NEURAL PROCESSES MEDIATING INFORMATION ACQUISITION, STORAGE, AND
RETRIEVAL 291 XXVI CONTENTS PART IV ROLE OF ATTENTIONAL PROCESSING IN
MEDIATING THE INFLUENCE OF VASOPRESSIN ON MEMORY PROCESSING BARBARA B.
MCEWEN I. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 295 II. BECKWITH AND COLLEAGUES 296 A.
RESEARCH WITH HUMAN SUBJECTS 296 1. OVERVIEW 296 2. THE STUDIES 297 A.
BECKWITH E* AL. (1982) 297 B. BECKWITH ETAL. (1983) 298 C. BECKWITH ET
AL. (1984) 301 D. TILL AND BECKWITH (1985) 302 E. BECKWITH ET AL. (1987A
) 306 B. RESEARCH WITH ANIMAL SUBJECTS 307 1. OVERVIEW 307 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE WHITE/BLACK REVERSAL DISCRIMINATION TASK 308 3.
RESEARCH STUDIES 309 A. COUK AND BECKWITH (1982) 309 B. BECKWITH AND
TINIUS (1985) 310 C. BECKWITH ETAL. (1987B) 311 D. TINIUS ETAL. (1989)
314 III. VASOPRESSIN AND ATTENTIONAL PROCESSING: BUNSEY, STRUPP, AND
COLLEAGUES 315 A. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 315 B. RESEARCH DEMONSTRATING A
ROLE FOR VASOPRESSIN FRAGMENT AVP(4-9) IN SELECTIVE ATTENTION IN RATS
316 1. SELECTED STUDY: BUNSEY ET AL. (1990) 316 IV. OTHER LINES OF
EVIDENCE SUPPORTING A ROLE FOR VASOPRESSIN IN ATTENTIONAL PROCESSING 326
A. ANIMAL RESEARCH: DIVIDED ATTENTION IN LABORATORY RATS 327 1. MEEK
(1987) 327 B. HUMAN RESEARCH: ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES OF
ATTENTIONAL PROCESSING 327 1. FEHM-WOLFSDORF AND COLLEAGUES 327 2.
TIMSIT-BERTHIER E* A/. (1982) 331 V. RESEARCH SUMMARIES: BECKWITH AND
COLLEAGUES, AND BUNSEY, STRUPP, AND COLLEAGUES 332 A. BECKWITH AND
COLLEAGUES 332 CONTENTS XXVII B. BUNSEY, STRUPP, AND COLLEAGUES 334 VI.
CHAPTER COMMENTARY: VASOPRESSIN, ATTENTION, AND MEMORY PROCESSING 335
PARTV EXPANSION OF VASOPRESSIN/OXYTOCIN MEMORY RESEARCH I: PERIPHERAL
ADMINISTRATION BARBARA B. MCEWEN I. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 339 II. ANIMAL
RESEARCH LITERATURE 340 A AVERSIVE PARADIGMS 340 1. CONDITIONED TASTE
AVERSION 340 A. SELECTED STUDY: VASOPRESSIN 340 B. SELECTED STUDY:
OXYTOCIN 341 2. CONDITIONED RESPONSE SUPPRESSION 342 A. SELECTED STUDY:
VASOPRESSIN 342 3. SHUTTLEBOX FOOTSHOCK AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING 343 A.
SELECTED STUDIES: VASOPRESSIN 343 I. HAGAN (1982) 343 II. HAMBURGER-BAR
ET AL. (1985) 345 III. HAMBURGERS AL. (1985) 347 B. SELECTED STUDY:
OXYTOCIN 347 4. SINGLE-TRIAL INHIBITORY (PASSIVE) AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING
349 A. SELECTED STUDIES: VASOPRESSIN 349 I. HOSTETTER ETAL. (1980) 349
II. RIGTER (1982) 349 III. ALESCIO-LAUTIER AND SOUMIREU-MOURAT (1990)
350 IV. FAIMAN ET AL. (1987, 1988) 351 V. BARATTI VI. FAIMAN ETAL.
(1991) 351 B. SELECTED STUDY: OXYTOCIN 352 5. ETHOLOGICALLY RELEVANT
AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR IN MICE 354 A. SELECTED STUDIES: VASOPRESSIN 354 I.
LESHNER AND ROCHE (1977) 354 II. ROCHE AND LESHNER (1979) 356 B.
APPETITIVE PARADIGMS 357 1. AUTOSHAPED LEVER TOUCH RESPONSE CONDITIONING
357 A. SELECTED STUDIES: VASOPRESSIN 357 I. MESSING AND SPARBER (1983)
357 XXVIH CONTENTS II. MESSING AND SPARBER (1985) 359 III. MUNDY AND
IWAMOTO (1987) 361 2. VISUAL DISCRIMINATION LEARNING 364 A. SELECTED
STUDIES: VASOPRESSIN 364 I. HOSTETTERS AL. (1977) 364 II. SARAS AL.
(1982) 366 III. MUHEYETAL. (1988) 368 IV. ALESCIO-LAUTIER AND
SOUMIREU-MOURAT (1990) 369 3. THE RADIAL MAZE TASK 371 A. TASK
DESCRIPTION 371 B. SELECTED STUDIES: VASOPRESSIN 372 I. BURESOVA AND
SKOPKOVA (1980) 372 II. BURESOVA AND SKOPKOVA (1982) 373 III. VAN HAAREN
ET AL. (1986) 374 IV. STRUPP (1989) 374 4. SOCIALLY TRANSMITTED
INFORMATION REGARDING FOOD PREFERENCES 377 A. TASK DESCRIPTION 377 B.
SELECTED STUDIES: VASOPRESSIN 378 I. STRUPP ET AL. (1990) 378 II. BUNSEY
AND STRUPP (1990) 379 III. HUMAN RESEARCH LITERATURE 380 A. INFLUENCE OF
VP AND/OR OT ON HUMAN COGNITIVE PROCESSING 380 1. EFFECT ON MEMORY
PROCESSING OF OT TREATMENT GIVEN FOR THE THERAPEUTIC INDUCTION OF
SECOND-TRIMESTER ABORTION 380 A. SELECTED STUDIES 380 I. FERRIER ETAL.
(1980) 380 II. KENNETT ETAL. (1982) 382 2. INTRANASAL ADMINISTRATION OF
VP AND OT IN YOUNG HEALTHY MALE AND/OR FEMALE HUMAN SUBJECTS 383 A.
SELECTED STUDIES 383 I. FEHM-WOLFSDORF S /. (1984) 383 II. BRUINS ET
AL. (1992) 386 EXPANSION OF VASOPRESSIN/OXYTOCIN MEMORY RESEARCH II:
BRAIN STRUCTURES AND TRANSMITTER SYSTEMS INVOLVED IN THE INFLUENCE OF
VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN ON MEMORY PROCESSING BARBARA B. MCEWEN I.
CHAPTER OVERVIEW 389 II. CENTRAL NEURAL STRUCTURES INVOLVED IN VP AND/OR
OT EFFECTS ON MEMORY PROCESSING 390 CONTENTS XXIX A. THE HIPPOCAMPUS 390
1. EFFECTS OF LYSINE VASOPRESSIN AND OT AND METABOLITES ON MEMORY
PROCESSING IN AN AVERSIVE PARADIGM 390 A. SELECTED STUDY: IBRAGIMOV
(1990) 390 2. EFFECT OF VP ON MEMORY PROCESSING IN AN APPETITIVE
PARADIGM 391 A. SELECTED STUDIES 391 I. ALESCIO-LAUTIER ET AL. (1989)
391 II. METZGER ET AL. (1989) 393 III. METZGERS AL. (1993) 394 B. THE
SEPTAL AREA 397 1. EFFECTS OF AVP AND AVP RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS ON MEMORY
PROCESSING IN AN ACTIVE AVOIDANCE PARADIGM 397 A. SELECTED STUDY:
ENGELMANN ET AL. (1992A) 397 2. EFFECTS OF AVP AND/OR AVP RECEPTOR
ANTAGONISTS ON MEMORY PROCESSING IN A SPATIAL LEARNING TASK 399 A.
SELECTED STUDIES 399 I. ENGELMANN ET AL. (1992B ) 399 II. EVERTS AND
KOOLHAAS (1999) 401 C. THE PARVOCELLULAR HYPOTHALAMIC VP-ERGIC SYSTEM
402 1. INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS 402 2. SELECTED STUDY: HERMAN ET AL. (1991)
402 III. VP AND/OR OT INTERACTION WITH CENTRAL NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS
AND MEMORY PROCESSING 405 A. THE NIGROSTRIATAL DA SYSTEM 405 1. SELECTED
STUDY: HAMBURGER-BAR ET AL. (1984) 405 B. THE CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM 407 1.
VP-ACH INTERACTIONAL EFFECTS AND MEMORY PROCESSING IN A PASSIVE
AVOIDANCE PARADIGM 407 A. INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS 407 B. SELECTED STUDIES
408 I. FAIMAN ET AL. (1987) 408 II. FAIMAN ET AL. (1988) 408 III.
BARATTI ETAL. (1989) 409 IV. FAIMAN ET AL. (1991) 410 2. OT-ACH
INTERACTIONAL EFFECTS AND MEMORY PROCESSING IN A PASSIVE AVOIDANCE
PARADIGM 412 A. INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS 412 B. SELECTED STUDY: BOCCIA AND
BARATTI (2000) 412 IV. ENDOGENOUS AVP AND/OR OT AND MEMORY PROCESSING
415 A. ENDOGENOUS AVP AND AVOIDANCE LEARNING 415 1. SELECTED STUDY:
ENGELMANN ET AL. (1992A) 415 XXX CONTENTS B. ENDOGENOUS AVP AND OT AND
MEMORY PROCESSING IN AN AVERSIVE PARADIGM 417 1. SELECTED STUDY: ERMISCH
ET AL. (1986) 417 C. ENDOGENOUS OT AND SPATIAL MEMORY 418 1. SELECTED
STUDY: FERGUSON ET AL. (2000) 418 EXPANSION OF VASOPRESSIN/OXYTOCIN
MEMORY RESEARCH III: RESEARCH SUMMARY AND COMMENTARY ON THEORETICAL AND
METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES BARBARA B. MCEWEN I. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 421 II.
RESEARCH SUMMARY 1: PERIPHERALLY ADMINISTERED VP AND/OR OT AND MEMORY
PROCESSING*STUDIES REVIEWED IN CHAPTER 9 422 A. ANIMAL RESEARCH 422 1.
VASOPRESSIN AND/OR OXYTOCIN AND LEARNING 422 2. VASOPRESSIN AND/OR
OXYTOCIN AND MEMORY CONSOLIDATION AND RETRIEVAL 425 A. AVERSIVE
PARADIGMS 425 B. APPETITIVE PARADIGMS 427 3. VASOPRESSIN AND SHORT-TERM
MEMORY 430 B. HUMAN RESEARCH 430 C. PERIPHERALLY ADMINISTERED VP AND/OR
OT, AND MEMORY PROCESSING: GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 432 III. RESEARCH SUMMARY
2: CENTRAL ASPECTS OF VP-ERGIC AND OT-ERGIC INVOLVEMENT IN MEMORY
PROCESSING*STUDIES REVIEWED IN CHAPTER 10 434 A. CENTRAL STRUCTURES THAT
MEDIATE VP AND/OR OT INFLUENCES ON MEMORY PROCESSING 434 1. THE
HIPPOCAMPAL AREA 434 2. THE SEPTAL AREA 436 3. THE HYPOTHALAMIC
PARVOCELLULAR VP-ERGIC SYSTEM 437 B. AVP AND PERHAPS OT INTERACT WITH
CATECHOLAMINE AND ACETYLCHOLINE NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN MEMORY PROCESSING
438 1. THE NIGROSTRIATAL DA SYSTEM 438 2. THE CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM 439 C.
ENDOGENOUS VP AND OT, AND MEMORY PROCESSING 440 IV. CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
CONCERNING INTERPRETATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF PERIPHERALLY ADMINISTERED
VP ON LEARNING/MEMORY TASKS 441 A. PRESSOR/AVERSIVE PROPERTIES OF
PERIPHERALLY ADMINISTERED AVP: ESSENTIAL FOR VP-ENHANCED MEMORY
PROCESSING? 441 CONTENTS XXXI B. PERIPHERALLY ADMINISTERED VP AND THE
POSTULATED AROUSAL- PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY RELATIONSHIP: RELEVANT
FINDINGS 442 V. METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES: SUBJECT, TREATMENT, AND/OR TASK
VARIABLES MAY AFFECT THE OUTCOME OR INTERPRETATION OF EXPERIMENTAL
STUDIES ON VP/ MEMORY RESEARCH 444 A. SUBJECT VARIABLES 445 1.
PHARMACOGENETIC FACTORS 445 2. AGE DIFFERENCES 445 3. INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES IN BASELINE TASK PROFICIENCY AND IN MEMORY ACCESSIBILITY 446
B. TREATMENT VARIABLES 446 1. DOSE-DEPENDENT AND TIME-DEPENDENT EFFECTS
446 2. ACUTE VERSUS CHRONIC TREATMENT REGIMENS AND LONG-TERM MEMORY 447
C. TASK VARIABLES 448 1. AMOUNT OF PRETRAINING AND TRAINING EXPERIENCE
IN THE TASK 448 2. LEVEL OF TASK DIFFICULTY 448 3. MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS
449 A. NEED FOR SUFFICIENT MOTIVATIONAL INCENTIVES TO PROMOTE EFFICIENT
LEARNING 449 B. AROUSAL EFFECTS AND THE INTERPRETATION OF VP/MEMORY
RESEARCH 449 D. MEASURES OF RETENTION 449 E. METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES:
CONCLUSIONS 450 PART VI RESEARCH CONTRIBUTIONS OF DANTZER, BLUTHE, AND
COLLEAGUES TO THE STUDY OF THE ROLE OF VASOPRESSIN IN OLFACTORY-BASED
SOCIAL RECOGNITION MEMORY BARBARA B. MCEWEN I. OVERVIEW 453 II. THE
OLFACTORY-BASED SOCIAL RECOGNITION MEMORY TASK 454 III. RESEARCH
FINDINGS 455 A. EFFECTS OF PERIPHERALLY AND CENTRALLY CIRCULATING VP AND
OT ON CONSPECIFIC SRM 455 1. SELECTED STUDIES 455 A. DANTZER ETAL.
(1987) 455 B. LEMOALSA/. (1987) 457 XXXII CONTENTS B. BRAIN SITES
INVOLVED IN VP-MEDIATED OLFACTORY-BASED SRM 458 1. SELECTED STUDY:
DANTZER ET AL. (1988) 458 C. CENTRAL CIRCUITRY MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF
VP ON OLFACTORY-BASED SRM IS ANDROGEN DEPENDENT 459 1. SELECTED STUDIES
459 A. BLUTHE ETAL. (1990) 459 B. BLUTHE AND DANTZER (1990) 462 C.
BLUTHE AND DANTZER (1992) 464 D. THE VOMERONASAL SYSTEM AND VP-ERGICALLY
MODULATED OLFACTORY-BASED SRM 465 1. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 465 2.
SELECTED STUDY: BLUTHE AND DANTZER (1993) 465 E. AVP NEUROTRANSMISSION
IS INVOLVED IN OLFACTORY-BASED SRM IN MICE AS WELL AS IN RATS 467 1.
SELECTED STUDY: BLUTHE ET AL. (1993) 467 IV THE VP DUAL ACTION THEORY
AND OLFACTORY-BASED SRM 468 A. INTERPRETATION OF SRM EFFECTS PRODUCED BY
PHARMACOLOGICAL DOSES OF PERIPHERALLY AND CENTRALLY ADMINISTERED
VASOPRESSIN 468 B. A ROLE FOR ENDOGENOUS VP IN OLFACTORY-BASED SRM
INDEPENDENT OF VP-INDUCED AROUSAL EFFECTS 469 C. TWO FUNCTIONALLY
DISTINCT VP-ERGIC SYSTEMS IN THE RODENT BRAIN 470 V COMMENTARY I: ROLES
OF VP IN MEDIATING OLFACTORY-BASED SRM 470 A. THE VP DUAL ACTION
THEORY AND OLFACTORY-BASED SRM 470 B. SEXUAL DIMORPHY AND
OLFACTORY-BASED SRM 471 C. THE VOMERONASAL ORGAN AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF
AVP TO OLFACTORY-BASED SRM 472 VI COMMENTARY II: CONTRIBUTION OF THE
CALIFORNIA/BORDEAUX RESEARCH TEAMS IN VP MEMORY RESEARCH 473 EXPANSION
OF OLFACTORY-BASED SOCIAL RECOGNITION MEMORY RESEARCH: THE ROLES OF
VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN IN SOCIAL RECOGNITION MEMORY BARBARA B. MCEWEN
I. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 475 II. TEST PARADIGMS FOR ASSESSING SRM 475 A
SOCIAL RECOGNITION TEST 475 B. THE SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION TEST 476 C. THE
MULTITRIAL SOCIAL RECOGNITION TEST 476 CONTENTS XXXIH III. EFFECTS OF
PERIPHERALLY AND/OR CENTRALLY ADMINISTERED VP, OT, OR THEIR METABOLIC
FRAGMENTS ON SRM IN LABORATORY RATS AND MICE 477 A. VASOPRESSIN AND
RELATED PEPTIDES 477 1. GENERAL COMMENTS 477 2. PERIPHERAL
ADMINISTRATION 477 A. SELECTED STUDIES 477 I. POPIK S A/. (1991) 477 II.
SEKIGUCHI S A/. (1991A) 480 III. POPIK AND VAN REE (1992) 481 B.
OXYTOCIN AND RELATED PEPTIDES 483 1. SECTION OVERVIEW 483 2. PERIPHERAL
ADMINISTRATION 484 A. SELECTED STUDIES 484 I. POPIK AND VETULANI (1991)
484 II. POPIK ET AL. (1992) 485 III. POPIK ET AL. (1996) 487 IV.
KDTTTIETAL. (1995) 489 3. CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION 489 A. SELECTED STUDY:
BENELLI ET AL. (1995) 489 IV. SEX DIFFERENCES AND THE VP/OT INFLUENCE ON
SRM 490 A. GENERAL COMMENTS 490 1. SELECTED STUDIES 491 A. AXELSONSA/.
(1999) 491 B. ENGELMANN ETAL. (1998) 493 V. INFLUENCE OF
SEPTAL-HIPPOCAMPAL VP AND OT ON SRM 495 A. GENERAL COMMENTS 495 1.
SELECTED STUDIES 496 A. VAN WIMERSMA GREIDANUS AND MAIGRET (1996) 496 B.
ENGELMANN ETAL. (1994) 498 C. LANDGRAF ETAL. (1995) 504 D. EVERTS AND
KOOLHAAS (1997) 506 E. EVERTS AND KOOLHAAS (1999) 508 VI. VP/OT AND THE
OLFACTORY SYSTEM 509 A. GENERAL COMMENTS 509 1. SELECTED STUDIES 509 A.
DLUZENSA/. (1998A) 509 B. DLUZENSA/. (1998B) 511 C. DLUZENSA/. (2000)
513 VII. VP AND OT IN THE MEDIAL PREOPTIC AREA AND SRM 516 A. GENERAL
COMMENTS 516 1. SELECTED STUDY: POPIK AND VAN REE (1991) 516 VIII. VP
AND OT GENETIC KNOCKOUT MODELS AND SRM 518 A. GENERAL COMMENTS 518 1.
SELECTED STUDIES 519 XXXIV CONTENTS A. ENGELMANN AND LANDGRAF (1994) 519
B. FERGUSON ET AL. (2000) 521 IX. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND COMMENTARY 524 A.
GENERAL COMMENTS 524 B. PERIPHERALLY ADMINISTERED AVP AND SRM 524 C. OT
AND SRM 526 D. BRAIN STRUCTURES AND PATHWAYS MEDIATING THE VP AND OT
INFLUENCE ON SRM 527 E. VP/OT KNOCKOUT MODELS AND SRM 528 PART VII
BRAIN-FLUID BARRIERS: RELEVANCE FOR THEORETICAL CONTROVERSIES REGARDING
VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN MEMORY RESEARCH BARBARA B. MCEWEN I. CHAPTER
OVERVIEW 531 II. BRAIN-FLUID BARRIERS: BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER AND
BLOOD-CEREBROSPINAL FLUID BARRIER 532 A. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE
CONCEPT OF BRAIN-FLUID BARRIERS 532 B. BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER 533 C. CSF
FORMATION AND CIRCULATION, BLOOD-CSF BARRIERS, AND THE CIRCUMVENTRICULAR
ORGANS 535 1. CHOROID PLEXUS AND THE FORMATION OF CSF 535 2. CSF
CIRCULATION WITHIN AND AROUND THE CNS 539 3. OTHER BRAIN-FLUID BARRIER
STRUCTURES: ARACHNOID MEMBRANE, PHAGOCYTIC CELLS, AND CVOS 539 D.
FUNCTIONAL OPERATIONS OF BRAIN-FLUID BARRIERS AND THEIR REGULATION 542
III. ORIGIN AND FATE OF VP AND OT WITHIN THE CSF 543 A. CSF VP AND OT
ARE OF CENTRAL ORIGIN 543 B. TRANSPORT OF VP AND OT FROM SITES OF
CENTRAL ORIGIN TO VENTRICULAR CSF 545 C. DOES CSF SERVE A CONDUIT AS
WELL AS A SINK FUNCTION IN VP AND OT TRANSPORT? 547 IV. MEANS BY WHICH
PERIPHERALLY INJECTED VP AND OT MIGHT INDUCE BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS 549 A.
MEANS BY WHICH PERIPHERALLY INJECTED HORMONES COULD ENTER THE BRAIN 549
CONTENTS XXXV B. MEANS BY WHICH VP AND OT COULD INDUCE BEHAVIORAL
EFFECTS OTHER THAN BY ENTERING THE BRAIN 552 V. RESEARCH RELEVANT TO THE
VIEW THAT PERIPHERALLY CIRCULATING AVP CAN PENETRATE BRAIN-FLUID
BARRIERS 554 A. PENETRATION OF BLOOD-FLUID BARRIERS: BLOOD-TO-BRAIN
TRANSPORT 554 1. TYPE I RESEARCH APPROACH: METHODS AND FINDINGS 554 A.
RELEVANT STUDIES 554 I. HELLER ET AL. (1968) 554 II. ANG AND JENKINS
(1982) 556 III. MENS ETAL. (1983) 557 IV. DEYO ETAL. (1986) 558 B.
EVALUATION AND COMMENTARY: TYPE I APPROACH 559 2. TYPE II RESEARCH
APPROACH 560 A. OLDENDORF SINGLE-PASS TECHNIQUE: METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS
560 I. LANDGRAF ET AL. (1979) 560 II. ERMISCHSA/. (1982) 562 B. VASCULAR
BRAIN PERFUSION TECHNIQUE: METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS 562 I. ZLOKOVIC ETAL.
(1990) 564 II. ZLOKOVIC ET AL. (1992) 565 C. EVALUATION AND COMMENTARY:
TYPE II APPROACH 566 B. PENETRATION OF BRAIN-FLUID BARRIERS:
BRAIN-TO-BLOOD TRANSPORT OF AVP AND OT 567 1. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 567
2. RELEVANT STUDIES 568 A. BRAIN-TO-BLOOD TRANSPORT OF AVP: BANKS ET AL.
(1987A) 568 B. BRAIN-TO-BLOOD TRANSPORT OF OT: DURHAM ET AL. (1991) 570
3. EFFLUX SYSTEMS IN THE BRAIN FOR VP AND OT: RELEVANCE FOR TRANSPORT OF
VP AND OT ACROSS BRAIN-FLUID BARRIERS 573 VI. AVP INFLUENCES
PERMEABILITY OF BRAIN-FLUID BARRIER TO NUTRIENT TRANSPORT 575 A.
INTRODUCTION 575 B. RELEVANT RESEARCH 576 1. AVP AND BRAIN-FLUID BARRIER
PERMEABILITY TO THE RNA PRECURSOR, OROTIC ACID 576 A. SELECTED STUDY:
LANDGRAF ET AL. (1978) 576 2. AVP AND BRAIN-FLUID BARRIER PERMEABILITY
TO LARGE NEUTRAL AMINO ACIDS 577 A. SELECTED STUDIES 577 I. BRUST (1986)
577 II. REITH ET AL. (1987) 579 III. BRUST AND DIEMER (1990) 580 XXXVI
CONTENTS IV. ERMISCH ETAL. (1992) 582 V. REICHEL ET AL. (1996) 583 VI.
RACHEL ETAL. (1995) 585 C. VASOPRESSIN INFLUENCE ON NUTRIENT TRANSPORT
ACROSS THE BBB: A ROLE IN MEMORY PROCESSING? 587 D. ERMISCH-LANDGRAF
PROPOSAL ON THE FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF INTERACTION OF VP WITH THE
BBB 588 VII CHAPTER SUMMARY AND COMMENTARY 590 PART VIII CLOSING
REMARKS: REVIEW AND COMMENTARY ON SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE ROLES OF
VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN IN MEMORY PROCESSING BARBARA B. MCEWEN I.
CHAPTER OVERVIEW 593 II. IN RETROSPECT: HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS IN THE
STUDY OF THE ROLES OF VP AND OT IN MEMORY PROCESSING 594 III. VP AND OT
AND MEMORY PROCESSING: AVOIDANCE AND APPETITIVE LEARNING PARADIGMS 595
A. VP AND MEMORY PROCESSING 595 1. CENTRAL VERSUS PERIPHERAL LOCUS OF
ACTION FOR THE MEMORY- PROCESSING EFFECTS OF PERIPHERALLY ADMINISTERED
VP 595 A. CONTRASTING VIEWS OF DE WIED ET AL. AND KOOB ET AL. 595 B.
COMMENTARY 597 2. POSITION STATEMENTS ON THE ROLE OF PERIPHERALLY
CIRCULATING VP IN MEMORY PROCESSING 598 A. DE WIED AND COLLEAGUES 598 B.
KOOB AND COLLEAGUES 599 C. COMMENTARY 599 3. IMPORTANCE OF THE AROUSAL
SYSTEM IN MEDIATING THE INFLUENCE OF VP ON MEMORY PROCESSING 600 A.
VIEWPOINTS OF DE WIED AND COLLEAGUES AND OF THE AROUSAL-CENTERED
THEORISTS 600 I. DE WIED AND COLLEAGUES 600 II. AROUSAL-CENTERED
THEORISTS 600 B. RELEVANT RESEARCH 601 I. DE WIED AND COLLEAGUES 601 II.
AROUSAL-CENTERED THEORISTS 602 CONTENTS XXX VII C. COMMENTARY 603 4.
INFLUENCE OF VP ON ATTENTIONAL PROCESSING AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO MEMORY
PROCESSING 604 A. VIEWS OF BECKWITH AND COLLEAGUES AND OF STRUPP,
BUNSEY, AND COLLEAGUES 604 B. SUPPORTIVE EVIDENCE OF A VP ROLE IN
ATTENTIONAL PROCESSING 605 C. COMMENTARY: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
EFFECTS OF VP ON ACTIVATION/AROUSAL, ATTENTION, AND MEMORY PROCESSING
606 I. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ROLE OF VP IN ATTENTION PROCESSING AND
ITS EFFECTS ON MEMORY PROCESSING 606 II. ACTIVATION/AROUSAL EFFECT OF VP
AND ITS PUTATIVE ROLE IN ATTENTION-DEPENDENT MEMORY PROCESSING 607 5.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN VP AND CATECHOLAMINERGIC AND CHOLINERGIC SYSTEMS:
RELEVANCE FOR MEMORY PROCESSING 608 A. VP-CATECHOLAMINE INTERACTIONS IN
MEMORY PROCESSING: RELEVANT EVIDENCE 608 I. DE WIED AND COLLEAGUES 608
II. HAMBURGER-BAR AND ASSOCIATES 609 B. VP-CHOLINERGIC INTERACTIONAL
EFFECTS IN MEMORY PROCESSING: STUDIES OF FAIMAN AND ASSOCIATES 610 C.
COMMENTARY: MECHANISMS BY WHICH THESE VP-TRANSMITTER INTERACTIONS MIGHT
INFLUENCE MEMORY PROCESSING 611 6. INFLUENCE OF VP ON HIPPOCAMPAL THETA
RHYTHM DURING REM SLEEP AND MEMORY PROCESSING 612 7. NEUROMODULATORY
ACTION OF VP IN THE SEPTUM AND HIPPOCAMPUS: RELEVANCE FOR MEMORY
PROCESSING 613 A. NEUROTRANSMITTER AND NEUROMODULATOR ACTIONS OF VP IN
THE SEPTUM AND HIPPOCAMPUS: IN VIVO STUDIES WITH EXOGENOUS AVP AND
RELATED PEPTIDES 613 B. NEUROMODULATORY ACTION OF VP IN THE LS AFTER
STIMULATION OF VP-ERGIC CELLS IN THE DIAGONAL BAND OF BROCA AND THE BED
NUCLEUS OF THE STRIA TERMINALIS: AN IN VIVO STUDY 615 C. SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE NEUROMODULATORY ACTION OF VP FOR MEMORY PROCESSING 615 D.
COMMENTARY: NEUROMODULATORY ACTION OF VP AND LONG-TERM MEMORY FORMATION
IN THE LS AND VH 616 B. OT AND MEMORY PROCESSING 617 1. OT AS AN
AMNESTIC NEUROPEPTIDE IN STRESS-ASSOCIATED LEARNING PARADIGMS 618
XXXVIII CONTENTS 2. EFFECTS ON MEMORY PROCESSING OF TREATMENTS THAT
MODULATE PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL LEVELS OF OT 618 A. EVIDENCE OBTAINED
WITH TREATMENTS THAT INCREASE PERIPHERAL AND/OR CENTRAL LEVELS OF OT 618
I. PERIPHERALLY ADMINISTERED OT AND OT FRAGMENTS 618 II. CENTRALLY
ADMINISTERED OT AND OT FRAGMENTS 619 III. INTERPRETING SOME OF THE
INCONSISTENT RESULTS 620 B. EVIDENCE OBTAINED WITH TREATMENTS THAT
REDUCE ENDOGENOUS OT OR INTERFERE WITH ITS RECEPTOR TRANSMISSION 622 I.
BEHAVIORAL STUDIES 622 II. HIPPOCAMPAL THETA ACTIVITY DURING PARADOXICAL
SLEEP, AND MEMORY PROCESSING 622 3. MEANS BY WHICH PERIPHERALLY AND/OR
CENTRALLY CIRCULATING OT MIGHT INFLUENCE MEMORY PROCESSING 623 A. ROLES
OF OT IN CEREBRAL CIRCULATION, GLUCOSE METABOLISM, AND RELEASE OF STRESS
HORMONES: RELEVANCE FOR MEMORY PROCESSING 623 B. ROLE OF THE AROUSAL
SYSTEM IN MEDIATING OT EFFECTS ON MEMORY PROCESSING 623 C.
OT-CATECHOLAMINERGIC INTERACTIONS IN MEMORY PROCESSING 624 D.
OT-CHOLINERGIC INTERACTIONS IN MEMORY PROCESSING 624 4. COMMENTARY 625
C. THE NEUROPEPTIDE CONCEPT 626 1. RELATION OF THE NEUROPEPTIDE CONCEPT
TO THE VP/OT CENTRAL MEMORY THEORY 626 2. RELEVANT OBSERVATIONS AND
EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS 627 A. BIOCHEMICAL/ANATOMICAL EVIDENCE 627 I.
FORMATION OF BIOACTIVE C-TERMINAL VP AND OT METABOLITES 627 II. SPECIFIC
BINDING SITES FOR C-TERMINAL VP AND OT FRAGMENTS? 627 B. BEHAVIORAL AND
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE 628 I. BEHAVIORAL STUDIES 628
II. ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES 630 3. COMMENTARY: RESEARCH UPDATE 630
A. RESEARCH SUPPORT FOR THE NEUROPEPTIDE CONCEPT: VP(4-8) AS A NEW
MEMORY-ENHANCING MOLECULE 630 B. VP(4-8) RECEPTOR LOCALIZATION AND
CHARACTERIZATION OF ITS LIGAND-RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS IN THE RAT BRAIN
631 CONTENTS XXXIX C. THE VP(4-8) RECEPTOR INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING
SYSTEM THAT MEDIATES THE EFFECTS OF THE PEPTIDE ON MEMORY PROCESSING 632
IV. VP, OT, AND RODENT OLFACTORY-BASED SOCIAL RECOGNITION MEMORY 634 A.
VP AND SRM 634 1. VIEWS AND RESEARCH OF DANTZER, BLUTHE, AND COLLEAGUES
634 A. ROLE FOR THE ANDROGEN-INDEPENDENT VP-ERGIC SYSTEM IN SRM 634 B.
ROLE FOR THE ANDROGEN-DEPENDENT VP-ERGIC SYSTEM IN SRM 634 I. DEFINING
CHARACTERISTICS AND LINKAGE TO THE ACCESSORY OLFACTORY SYSTEM 634 II.
EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT OF A ROLE FOR ANDROGEN-DEPENDENT VP IN SRM 635 2.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THIS LINE OF INQUIRY FROM OTHER RESEARCH GROUPS 635 A.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 635 B. ANDROGEN-DEPENDENT VP AND SRM 636 C.
ANDROGEN-INDEPENDENT VP AND SRM 636 I. OLFACTORY SYSTEM 636 II.
HIPPOCAMPUS 637 D. POSTULATED SHORT-TERM MEMORY AND LONG-TERM-MEMORY
COMPONENTS IN SRM, AND THE RELEVANCE OF VP FOR THESE COMPONENTS 637 3.
COMMENTARY 639 B. OT AND SRM 640 1. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 640 2. RELEVANT
EVIDENCE 640 A. TREATMENTS THAT INCREASE PERIPHERAL OR CENTRAL LEVELS OF
OT: DOSE-RELATED ATTENUATION AND FACILITATION OF SRM 640 B. TREATMENTS
THAT REDUCE PERIPHERAL OR CENTRAL LEVELS OF OT 641 C. OT-ERGIC
REPRESENTATION IN THE MAIN OLFACTORY PATHWAY: RELEVANCE FOR CONSPECIFIC
RECOGNITION 643 3. COMMENTARY CONCERNING THE ROLE OF OT IN MEMORY
PROCESSING IN AVOIDANCE LEARNING PARADIGMS, AND IN RODENT
OLFACTORY-BASED CONSPECIFIC RECOGNITION 645 A. THE CASE FOR TWO
FUNCTIONALLY DISTINCT OT-ERGIC SYSTEMS INVOLVED IN MEMORY PROCESSING 645
B. ADAPTIVE VALUE OF AN OT-ERGIC AMNESTIC ACTION IN STRESSFUL CONTEXTS
AND AN OT-ERGIC MEMORY-ENHANCING ACTION IN PROSOCIAL ENCOUNTERS 646 XL
CONTENTS V. CLOSING REMARKS: FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS 647 A. QUESTIONS AND
ISSUES OF LONG-STANDING INTEREST 647 1. HOW DO PERIPHERALLY ADMINISTERED
VP AND OT EXERT CENTRALLY MEDIATED BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS? 647 2. AROUSAL
AND ATTENTIONAL MECHANISMS AS MEDIATORS OF THE EFFECTS OF VP AND OT ON
MEMORY PROCESSING 648 B. METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES: PROTOCOLS AND PARADIGMS,
AND THE USE OF VP AND OT KNOCKOUT MODELS IN VP/OT MEMORY RESEARCH 648 1.
PROTOCOLS 648 2. PARADIGMS 649 3. USE OF VP AND OT GENE KNOCKOUT
MODELS IN VP/OT MEMORY RESEARCH 650 C. THE ROLE OF OT IN MEMORY
PROCESSING 650 1. APPETITIVE LEARNING TASKS 650 2. OT-CLASSIC
TRANSMITTER INTERACTIONS IN AVERSIVE AND APPETITIVE LEARNING ENCOUNTERS
651 3. NEUROMODULATORY ACTIONS OF OT IN THE SEPTUM AND HIPPOCAMPUS? 651
D. VP, OT, AND OLFACTORY-BASED SRM 652 1. VP AND BEHAVIORALLY ACTIVE VP
METABOLITES: DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM COMPONENTS
OF SRM? 652 2. DOSE-DEPENDENT AND SITE-DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF OT ON
OLFACTORY-BASED SRM 652 E. MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF THE ROLES OF VP AND OT
IN MEMORY PROCESSING 652 F. A STEP TOWARD INTEGRATION IN VP AND OT
MEMORY RESEARCH 653 1. VP AND/OF OT ROLES IN MEMORY PROCESSING: FROM
STRESS STIMULATION TO MEMORY MODULATION 653 REFERENCES 655 INDEX 709
CONTENTS OF PREVIOUS VOLUMES 727
|
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| id | DE-604.BV019587663 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:00:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0120329514 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-012924498 |
| oclc_num | 56472235 |
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| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | XLV, 740 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2004 |
| publishDateSearch | 2004 |
| publishDateSort | 2004 |
| publisher | Elsevier, Acad. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Advances in pharmacology |
| series2 | Advances in pharmacology |
| spelling | The roles of vasopressin and oxytocin in memory processing ed. by Barbara B. McEwen Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier, Acad. Press 2004 XLV, 740 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Advances in pharmacology 50 Mémoire - Aspect physiologique Neuropeptides - Recherche Ocytocine - Recherche Vasopressine - Recherche Memory Physiological aspects Memory physiology Neuropeptides Research Oxytocin Oxytocin Research Research Vasopressin Research Vasopressins McEwen, Barbara B. Sonstige oth Advances in pharmacology 50 (DE-604)BV002534644 50 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012924498&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The roles of vasopressin and oxytocin in memory processing Advances in pharmacology Mémoire - Aspect physiologique Neuropeptides - Recherche Ocytocine - Recherche Vasopressine - Recherche Memory Physiological aspects Memory physiology Neuropeptides Research Oxytocin Oxytocin Research Research Vasopressin Research Vasopressins |
| title | The roles of vasopressin and oxytocin in memory processing |
| title_auth | The roles of vasopressin and oxytocin in memory processing |
| title_exact_search | The roles of vasopressin and oxytocin in memory processing |
| title_full | The roles of vasopressin and oxytocin in memory processing ed. by Barbara B. McEwen |
| title_fullStr | The roles of vasopressin and oxytocin in memory processing ed. by Barbara B. McEwen |
| title_full_unstemmed | The roles of vasopressin and oxytocin in memory processing ed. by Barbara B. McEwen |
| title_short | The roles of vasopressin and oxytocin in memory processing |
| title_sort | the roles of vasopressin and oxytocin in memory processing |
| topic | Mémoire - Aspect physiologique Neuropeptides - Recherche Ocytocine - Recherche Vasopressine - Recherche Memory Physiological aspects Memory physiology Neuropeptides Research Oxytocin Oxytocin Research Research Vasopressin Research Vasopressins |
| topic_facet | Mémoire - Aspect physiologique Neuropeptides - Recherche Ocytocine - Recherche Vasopressine - Recherche Memory Physiological aspects Memory physiology Neuropeptides Research Oxytocin Oxytocin Research Research Vasopressin Research Vasopressins |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012924498&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV002534644 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mcewenbarbarab therolesofvasopressinandoxytocininmemoryprocessing |