Confocal microscopy for biologists:
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
New York [u.a.]
Kluwer Acad.,Plenum Publ.
2004
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XIII, 467 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. |
ISBN: | 0306484684 |
Internformat
MARC
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100 | 1 | |a Hibbs, Alan R. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Confocal microscopy for biologists |c Alan R. Hibbs |
264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b Kluwer Acad.,Plenum Publ. |c 2004 | |
300 | |a XIII, 467 S. |b zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
650 | 7 | |a Confocale microscopie |2 gtt | |
650 | 4 | |a Microscopie confocale | |
650 | 4 | |a Confocal microscopy | |
650 | 4 | |a Microscopy, Confocal | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Confocal Microscopy
for Biologists
Alan R Hibbs
BIOCON
Melbourne, Australia
Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers
New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow
Contents
1 WHAT IS CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY?
OPENING NEW AREAS FOR LIGHT MICROSCOPY
MULTI-SKILLED ENDEAVOUR
LASER SCANNING CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY
Epi-fluorescence Illumination
How is the Image Formed?
How is Out of Focus Light Removed?
Optical Slicing
NIPKOW DISK CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY
MULTI-PHOTON MICROSCOPY
IMAGING CAPABILITIES
Fluorescence Imaging
Time-lapse Imaging
3Dimensional Information
JUST FANCY IMAGES - OR A NOVEL APPROACH TO BIOLOGY?
Live Cell and Tissue Imaging
Biochemistry of Single Cells
Applications of Confocal Microscopy
WHY USE A CONFOCAL OR MULTI-PHOTON MICROSCOPE?
Advantages
Limitations
2 UNDERSTANDING MICROSCOPY
ESSENTIAL OPTICS
Wave Nature of Light
Interacting Light Waves
Refraction and the Bending of Light Rays
Counting Photons
BASIC MICROSCOPY
Image Formation using a Simple Lens
Compound Microscope
Numerical Aperture (NA)
Importance of the Condenser
Immersion Media
Coverslip Thickness
IMAGING MODES
Bright-field Imaging
Transmission Imaging
Phase Contrast Imaging
DIC (Nomarski) Imaging —
Backscatter Imaging
Fluorescence Imaging
OPTICAL ABERRATIONS
Chromatic Aberration
Spherical Aberration
Coma
Astigmatism
Curvature of Field
Optical Aberrations Caused by the Specimen
Resolution in a Light Microscope
COMPONENTS OF A MICROSCOPE
Microscope Layout
Optical Components
Objectives
Eyepieces (Oculars)
Beam Splitter
Optical Filter Block (or Optical Filter Wheel)
Condenser
Condenser Iris 60
Field Aperture 60
Focus Controls 61
Microscope stage 61
Microscope Attachment Ports 61
Confocal Microscope Scan Head Attachment Port 61
Camera Attachment Port 61
Fibreoptic Transmission Pickup 62
Light Sources 62
Mercury Arc Lamp 63
Xenon Arc Lamp 63
Tungsten Lamp 63
Halogen Lamp 63
3 CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY HARDWARE 65
INSTRUMENT DESIGN 65
LASER SCANNING CONFOCAL MICROSCOPES 66
Instrument Layout 66
Irradiation of the Sample 70
Scan Head and Associated Optics 71
Scanning Mirrors 71
Confocal Pinhole (Iris) 72
Optical Filter Separation of Fluorescent Light 73
Acoustic Optical Beam Splitter (AOBS) 78
Hardware Settings for Dual Labelling 79
Spectral Separation of Fluorescent Light 81
Lasers used in Confocal Microscopy 86
Widely used Lasers 86
Laser Line Selection 88
Attenuation of Laser Light 88
Light Detectors 89
Photomultiplier (PMT) Tubes 90
Photodiode Light Detectors 90
Instrument Control Panel 90
NIPKOW DISK CONFOCAL MICROSCOPES 91
Nipkow Disk 91
Micro-Lens Array 93
Light Sources for Nipkow Disk Confocal Microscopy 93
CCD Camera Detectors 93
MULTI-PHOTON MICROSCOPES 94
Microscope Design 95
Pulsed Infrared Lasers 95
Direct (External) Detectors 97
CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE MANUFACTURERS 97
WHICH CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE SHOULD I USE? 99
4 IMAGE COLLECTION 101
IMAGE COLLECTION MODES 102
Fluorescence Image Collection 102
Backscatter (Reflectance) Image Collection 107
Transmission Image Collection 108
Real Colour Transmission Image Collection 110
Photon Counting 110
LASER INTENSITY AT THE SAMPLE 110
Laser Power Level 111
Laser Intensity Level 112
INSTRUMENT SENSITIVITY CONTROL 112
Gain Level or Photomultiplier Tube (PMT) Voltage 113
ix
x Contents
Black Level or Offset Control
Digitisation
PINHOLE ADJUSTMENT
SCAN SPEED
Why have Different Scan Rates?
Is there an Optimal Scan Speed?
Decreased Scan Speed - for Improving your Image
Slow Scanning for Live Cells
Fast Scanning for Moving the Sample
Fast Scanning to Catch Movement
Bi-directional Scanning
COLLECTION FILTERS
Continuous Single Frame Image Collection
Single Frame Capture Mode
Line Averaging
Screen Averaging
•Caiman Averaging
Collection to Peak
Exponential Collection
IMAGE COLLECTION BOX SIZE
CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE ZOOM
Scanning Zoom
Panning While Zoomed
Zooming for Optimal Resolution
Over Sampling and Under Sampling
Digital Zooming after Image Collection
REGION OF INTEREST (ROI) SCANNING
IMAGE COLOUR
Using Colour to Optimise Image Collection
OPTIMAL IMAGE COLLECTION
Understanding Noise in an Image
Sources of noise
3D IMAGE COLLECTION
Extended Focus Image
Rocking Motion Image
Red/Green Stereo Pair
Offset Stereo Pair
TIME RESOLVED IMAGE COLLECTION
Is THERE A STANDARD SAMPLE
LOOKING AFTER YOUR IMAGES
Filing your Images
Choosing a Unique Naming System
Managing your images
Data Backup
5 DIGITAL IMAGES IN MICROSCOPY
IMAGE PIXELS ~ —
COMPUTER SCREEN RESOLUTION
Screen Dots (dpi)
Display Resolution
COLOUR IN DIGITAL IMAGES
Human Perception of Colour
Computer Colour Generation
Colouring your Image
Colour Look Up Tables (LUTS)
Colour 24-bit (RGB) Images
Colour in Merged Images
Printing Colour
IMAGE MANIPULATION
Contrast Stretching
Image Enhancing Filters
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF IMAGES PIXELS
Image Histograms
FILE FORMATS
6 IMAGING SOFTWARE 163
IMAGE COLLECTION SOFTWARE 164
IMAGE MANIPULATION AND ANALYSIS SOFTWARE 164
Imaging Software from Confocal Microscope Manufacturers 165
Basic Image Manipulation Software 165
Software for Presentation and Preparation of Figures 166
Sophisticated 2D and 3D Image Manipulation Software 166
Software for Archiving Images 167
Confocal Assistant (free software) 168
Photoshop 173
CorelDRAW 175
PowerPoint 176
7 PRESENTATION AND PUBLICATION 177
HONESTY IN IMAGING RESEARCH 177
Some Points to Remember when Presenting Imaging Results 179
PRODUCING PUBLICATION QUALITY IMAGES 180
Collecting Top Quality Original Data 181
Collect Images in Grey-Scale 181
Enhancing your Image for Publication 181
MAKING CONVENTIONAL SLIDES 181
Slides from a Computer Screen 181
Colour Slide Makers 182
USING A COMPUTER PROJECTOR 182
PowerPoint Presentations 182
SUBMISSION OF FILES FOR PUBLICATION 183
PRINTING FOR PUBLICATION 183
Inkjet Printers 184
Black and White Laser Printer 184
Colour Laser Printers 184
Dye Sublimation Printers (Colour and Grey-Scale Printing) 184
Printing on Photographic Paper 185
8 WHAT IS FLUORESCENCE? 187
WAVELENGTHS OF LIGHT 187
EXCITATION OF A FLUOROPHORE 188
Single Photon Excitation 188
Multi-photon Excitation 189
FLUORESCENCE EMISSION SPECTRA 190
Environmental Influence on Fluorescence Spectra 191
BRIGHTNESS OF A FLUOROPHORE 191
WHICH EXCITATION WAVELENGTH IS BEST? 192
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF COMMON FLUOROPHORES 194
Fluorescein, the Green Fluorescent Dye 194
Tetramethylrhodamine (TMR), Red Fluorescent Dye 195
Alexa Fluor Dyes 195
PHOTOBLEACHING 196
Controlling Photobleaching in Fixed Samples 196
Controlling Photobleaching in Live Cells 197
AUTOFLUORESCENCE 198
Autofluorescence in Living Cells and Tissues 198
Fluorescence Created by Fixation 199
Using Autofluorescence to Visualise Cell Structure 199
CHOOSING THE CORRECT DYE 200
9 FLUORESCENT PROBES 201
WHAT ARE FLUOROPHORES FOR? 201
GETTING INFORMATION ON FLUOROCHROMES 202
Internet 202
Molecular Probes Catalogue and Internet Site 202
Bio-Rad Fluorescence Spectra Internet Site 202
Confocal Microscopy Listserver Archive Site 203
Information from Flow Cytometry can be Very Useful 204
WHAT FLUORESCENT PROBES ARE AVAILABLE? 204
REACTIVE FLUOROPHORES 204
—,147
Contents xi
Traditional Fluorescein (FITC), TMR and Texas Red Dyes 206
Alexa Fluor Dyes 208
Cyanine Dyes (Cy2, Cy3 and Cy5) 210
NUCLEIC ACID PROBES 212
Acridine Orange (AO) 212
Propidium Iodide (PI) 213
Ethidium Bromide (EthBr) 214
UV DNA Dyes (DAPI, Hoechst 33258 etc) 214
SYTO Dyes (cell permeant) 214
SYTOX Dyes (do not enter live cells) 214
FLUORESCENT ION INDICATORS 216
How do Ion Indicators Work? 216
Esterase Derivatives 217
Ca2t Indicators 218
pH Indicators 221
Membrane Potential Probes 222
Other Ion Indicators 222
ORGANELLE PROBES 223
Mitochondria Specific Probes 223
Lysosomal Probes 226
Golgi Probes 226
Endoplasmic Reticulum Probes 226
MEMBRANE PROBES 227
CELL TRACERS 228
CELL INTEGRITY 230
SOME UNUSUAL FLUORESCENT PROBES 230
PhiPhiLux (Apoptosis marker) 230
Latex Beads 231
Quantum Dots 231
GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (GFP) 232
Structure of GFP 232
Enhanced Derivatives of GFP 233
Coloured Variants of GFP 233
GFP from the Sea Pansy (Renilla reniformis) 233
Fluorescent Proteins from Coral (Discosoma sp) 234
Light Sources for GFP Excitation 234
Photoactivation and Photoconversion GFP 234
GFP Applications 235
GFP Limitations 236
FLASH - HEXA-PEPTIDE FLUOROPHORE TAG 238
10 CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUES239
MULTIPLE LABELLING 240
Choice of Fluorophore 240
Labelling the Cells 240
Multi-Channel Collection 241
Minimising Cross-Talk between Channels 242
Determining the Degree of Co-localisation 244
COMBINING FLUORESCENCE AND TRANSMISSION IMAGES 249
Merging Images - Photoshop Layers 249
Merging Images - Photoshop Channels 251
FRAP, FLUORESCENCE RECOVERY AFTER PHOTOBLEACHING 252
FRET, FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER 254
FISH, FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDISATION 256
LINE SCANNING 256
QUANTITATIVE CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY 256
INFORMATION ON CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUES 257
Bio-Rad Application and Technical Notes 257
11 FLUORESCENCE IMMUNOLABELLING 259
WHAT IS IMMUNOLABELLING? 259
Using a Confocal Microscope for Immunolabelling 261
LABELLING METHODS 263
Indirect Immunolabelling 263
Direct Immunolabelling 264
Dual Immunolabelling 266
Biotin/Streptavidin Immunolabelling 266
PREPARATION OF SAMPLES FOR IMMUNOLABELLING 267
Fixation with Organic Solvents 268
Fixation with Aldehyde Fixatives 269
Microwave Fixation 270
Commercially Available Fixative Preparations 270
Permeabilisation 270
Embedding Tissue Samples in ParafTin Wax 271
Cryo-sectioning of Tissue Samples 271
PRACTICAL HINTS FOR IMMUNOLABELLING 272
Application of Your Antibody 272
Using a Humidity Chamber 273
Washing to Remove Excess Antibody 273
Application of Secondary Antibody 273
Blocking of Non-specific Background Labelling 274
Preparation of Slides for Microscopy 274
AUTOFLUORESCENCE IN IMMUNOLABELLED SAMPLES 275
Immunofluorescence Antibody Labelling (IFA) Method 276
IMMUNOLABELLING OF LIVE CELLS 277
Cell Surface Labelling 277
Intemalisation of Cell Surface Receptors 277
Streptolysin-0 (SLO) Permeabilised Cells 277
12 IMAGING LIVE CELLS 279
MAINTAINING HEALTHY CELLS 280
Keeping Cells Alive 280
Dangers of Stressing the Cells 281
Apoptosis - Programmed Cell Death 282
Recognizing Signs of Cell Stress 282
SIMPLE IMAGING CHAMBERS 283
Traditional Concave Microscope Slide 283
Simple Gasket Chamber 284
Microscope Slide Chamber 284
Sterile Culture Chambers 286
Simple Flow Chamber 287
ATTACHMENT OF CELLS 288
Attaching Suspension Cells to the Coverslip 288
Growing Attached Cells for Microscopy 289
TEMPERATURE CONTROL 290
Why is Temperature Control Important? 291
Is Temperature Control Needed while Imaging? 293
Temperature Control on Transfer to Microscope 294
TEMPERATURE CONTROL CHAMBERS FOR MICROSCOPY 295
Simple Temperature Control Chambers 296
Heated Objectives 296
Heated Microscope Enclosures 297
Home Made Reflective Plastic Microscope Enclosure 298
Problems with Microscope Enclosures 298
Heated Microscope Stages 301
Petri Dish Warming Platforms 301
Heated Microscope Slide Holders 303
Perfusion Chambers 304
Bioptechs Chamber 308
MAINTAINING THE CORRECT PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE 311
Oxygen Level 311
pH Control 311
Osmolality of the Media 312
Long-Term Growth 312
LIVE TISSUE SAMPLES 313
Tissue Chambers 313
Maintenance of Live Tissue 314
Dye Penetration 314
Imaging Depth 315
DYE LOADING INTO LIVE CELLS 315
Lipid Soluble Dyes 315
Methyl Ester Derivatives of the Dye 316
xii Contents
Microinjection
Transfection
Semi-permeabilisation using Streptolysin-O (SLO)
Introducing Reagents while Imaging
THE CORRECT LENS FOR LIVE CELL IMAGING
Low Magnification Dry Lenses
Oil Immersion High NA Lenses
Water Immersion Lenses
Dipping Lenses
MINIMISING LASER DAMAGE
What is Photo Damage?
Antifade Reagents
Laser Power
AUTOFLUORESCENCE IN LIVE CELLS
As a Probe for Cellular Structure and Function
Controlling Unwanted Autofluorescence
IMAGE COLLECTION TIPS FOR LIVE CELLS
High Speed Collection
Specialised High Speed Confocal Microscopes
Multi-photon Imaging of Live Cells
Slow Scan Collection
Single-Line Collection
13 THE INTERNET
CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY LISTSERVER
WEB SITES RELEVANT TO CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY
International Mailing Lists
Useful Research and Core Facility Sites
Courses on Fluorescence Imaging amp; Confocal Microscopy
Confocal Microscope Manufacturers
Supply Companies
Imaging Software
Microscope Imaging Chambers
14 TECHNICAL SUPPLIES
CONFOCAL MICROSCOPES
IMAGING SOFTWARE
FLUORESCENT PROBES AND ANTIBODIES
GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN AND DERIVATIVES
MICROSCOPY EQUIPMENT AND REAGENTS
OPTICAL FILTERS
SIMPLE MICROSCOPY CHAMBERS
MICROSCOPY PERFUSION CHAMBERS
MICROSCOPE HEATERS
TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED MICROSCOPE STAGES
TEMPERATURE CONTROLLEDIMAGING CHAMBERS
FLOW CHAMBERS
15 FURTHER READING
OPTICS
MICROSCOPY
CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY
CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY APPLICATIONS
FLUORESCENCE
GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (GFP)
HISTOLOGY AND SAMPLE PROCESSING
CELL BIOLOGY TECHNIQUES
IMAGE PROCESSING
APPENDIX 1: CONFOCAL MICROSCOPES 355
Laser Spot Scanning Confocal Microscopes 355
Nipkow Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopes 355
Nipkow Disk / Micro-lens Array Confocal Microscopes 355
A BIO-RAD CELL SCIENCE DIVISION 356
BIO-RAD INSTRUMENTS 356
RADIANCE SERIES OF CONFOCAL MICROSCOPES 358
Components of the Radiance Confocal Microscopes 359
Radiance Scan Head 360
Radiance Instrument Control Unit (ICU) 362
Changing Optical Filters and Dichroic mirrors 363
Radiance 2100 Rainbow 363
SELS (Signal Enhancing Lens) 364
Photon Counting 364
Computer and Software 364
MRC SERIES OF CONFOCAL MICROSCOPES 365
Components of the MRC-1024 Confocal Microscope 366
MRC-1024 Scan Head 367
Scan Head Alignment 368
Optical Filter Blocks 369
Emission Filter Wheels 372
Photomultiplier Tubes (PMT) 372
Controller Box 372
Computer Requirements 372
Hardware set up for specific imaging methods 372
Dual and Triple labelling - T1 and T2A Filter Blocks 373
Live Cell Work - B1 and OPEN BLOCK Filter Blocks 374
Back Scatter Imaging - B1 and T1 Filter Blocks 37S
TROUBLE SHOOTING (MRC AND RADIANCE) 376
BIO-RAD LASERSHARP SOFTWARE 377
Image Collection Panel 378
Main Control Panel 379
Optics Control Panel 380
Mixer Control Panel 381
CARL ZEISS MICROSCOPY 382
ZEISS CONFOCAL MICROSCOPES 382
ZEISS LSM 510 META CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE 384
Components of the Zeiss 510 META 385
Zeiss LSM 510 META Scan Head 386
Lasers 386
Single Track and Multi Track Image Collection 388
Conventional Detection Channels 388
META Channel 388
Transmission Imaging 390
ZEISS CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE CONTROL SOFTWARE 391
Main Control Panel 391
Setting up the Microscope and Imaging Channels 392
Setting the Scan Control Parameters 393
Adjusting Imaging Channel Settings 394
Image Collection Panel 395
Using the META Channel 396
META Channel as a multi-Band Pass Optical Filter 396
META Channel - Lambda Mode (Spectral Imaging) 397
Extracting Image Channels from a Spectral Stack 397
Emission Fingerprinting 400
On-Line Emission Fingerprinting 400
LEICA MICROSYSTEMS 402
LEICA CONFOCAL MICROSCOPES 402
Components of the Leica Spectral Imaging Instrument 404
Leica TCS SP2 Confocal Microscope 405
Leica TCS SP2 Scan Head 405
Acoustic Optical Beam Splitter (AOBS) 406
Contents xiii
Spectral Separation 406
UV Excitation 407
Multi-Photon Excitation 407
Transmission (DIC) Imaging 407
LEICA CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE CONTROL SOFTWARE 408
Main Control Panel - Monitor 1 408
Changing the Desktop Knob Functions 410
Beam Path Setting Control Panel 411
Control Buttons for Image Collection 412
Image Collection Panel - Monitor 2 414
NIKON INSTRUMENTS 415
NIKON CONFOCAL MICROSCOPES 415
Components of the Nikon CI Confocal Microscope 417
Nikon CI Scan Head 418
Optics/Detector Unit 418
Laser Launch Unit 418
NIKON Cl USER INTERFACE 419
OLYMPUS CORPORATION 420
OLYMPUS CONFOCAL MICROSCOPES 420
Components of the Olympus Fluoview 1000 422
FLUOVIEW 1000 CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE 423
SIM (Simultaneous) Scanner 424
FLUOVIEW 500 CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE 424
Fluoview 500 Scan Head 424
Components of the Olympus Fluoview 300 and 500 425
FLUOVIEW 300 CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE 427
Fluoview 300 Scan Head 427
Fluoview Software 428
Image Collection Panel 428
Main Control Panel 429
Instrument Settings Tabs 430
ATTO BIOSCIENCE 431
ATTO BIOSCIENCE CONFOCAL MICROSCOPES 431
CARV CONFOCAL MICROSCOPES 432
Components of the CARV Confocal Microscope 433
CARV Scan Head 434
YOKOGAWA ELECTRIC CORPORATION 435
CSU10 SCAN HEAD 435
CSU21 SCAN HEAD 437
PERKINELMER LIFE SCIENCES 438
PERKINELMER CONFOCAL MICROSCOPES 438
Ultra VIEW LCI layout 439
Components of the PerkinElmer Ultra VIEW 440
VISITECH INTERNATIONAL 441
VISITECH CONFOCAL MICROSCOPES 441
GLOSSARY 444
INDEX 461
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Hibbs, Alan R. |
author_facet | Hibbs, Alan R. |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Hibbs, Alan R. |
author_variant | a r h ar arh |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV019400169 |
callnumber-first | Q - Science |
callnumber-label | QH224 |
callnumber-raw | QH224 |
callnumber-search | QH224 |
callnumber-sort | QH 3224 |
callnumber-subject | QH - Natural History and Biology |
classification_rvk | WC 2900 WC 2905 |
classification_tum | BIO 355f PHY 131f BIO 040f BIO 655f |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)54424872 (DE-599)BVBBV019400169 |
dewey-full | 570/.28/2 |
dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
dewey-ones | 570 - Biology |
dewey-raw | 570/.28/2 |
dewey-search | 570/.28/2 |
dewey-sort | 3570 228 12 |
dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
discipline | Physik Biologie |
format | Book |
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id | DE-604.BV019400169 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:59:25Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 0306484684 |
language | English |
lccn | 2004044172 |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-012862494 |
oclc_num | 54424872 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-20 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-11 DE-29T |
owner_facet | DE-20 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-11 DE-29T |
physical | XIII, 467 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. |
publishDate | 2004 |
publishDateSearch | 2004 |
publishDateSort | 2004 |
publisher | Kluwer Acad.,Plenum Publ. |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Hibbs, Alan R. Verfasser aut Confocal microscopy for biologists Alan R. Hibbs New York [u.a.] Kluwer Acad.,Plenum Publ. 2004 XIII, 467 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Confocale microscopie gtt Microscopie confocale Confocal microscopy Microscopy, Confocal Konfokale Mikroskopie (DE-588)4336446-9 gnd rswk-swf Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd rswk-swf Konfokale Mikroskopie (DE-588)4336446-9 s Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012862494&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Hibbs, Alan R. Confocal microscopy for biologists Confocale microscopie gtt Microscopie confocale Confocal microscopy Microscopy, Confocal Konfokale Mikroskopie (DE-588)4336446-9 gnd Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4336446-9 (DE-588)4006851-1 |
title | Confocal microscopy for biologists |
title_auth | Confocal microscopy for biologists |
title_exact_search | Confocal microscopy for biologists |
title_full | Confocal microscopy for biologists Alan R. Hibbs |
title_fullStr | Confocal microscopy for biologists Alan R. Hibbs |
title_full_unstemmed | Confocal microscopy for biologists Alan R. Hibbs |
title_short | Confocal microscopy for biologists |
title_sort | confocal microscopy for biologists |
topic | Confocale microscopie gtt Microscopie confocale Confocal microscopy Microscopy, Confocal Konfokale Mikroskopie (DE-588)4336446-9 gnd Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd |
topic_facet | Confocale microscopie Microscopie confocale Confocal microscopy Microscopy, Confocal Konfokale Mikroskopie Biologie |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012862494&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT hibbsalanr confocalmicroscopyforbiologists |