Verfügbarkeit: Understanding solid state physics

Understanding solid state physics: an undergraduate survival guide

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Holgate, Sharon Ann (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Boca Raton [u.a.] CRC Press 2010
Schlagworte:	Festkörperphysik
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	VII, 349 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9780750309721

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Contents Preface ....................................................................................................................xiii Author ......................................................................................................................xv Further Acknowledgments .....................................................................................xvii Chapter 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................1 Chapter 2 Crystal Clear: Bonding and Crystal Structures ...................................5 2.1 Bonding in Solids .............................................................................................6 2.1.1 Electrons in Atoms ...............................................................................6 2.1.2 Ionic Bonding .......................................................................................8 2.1.3 Covalent Bonding ...............................................................................12 2.1.4 Metallic Bonding ................................................................................13 2.1.5 van der Waals Bonding .......................................................................15 2.1.6 Hydrogen Bonding ..............................................................................16 2.1.7 Mixed Bonding ...................................................................................20 2.2 Crystalline Solids ...........................................................................................21 2.2.1 Describing Crystal Structures ............................................................22 2.2.2 Crystalline Structures .........................................................................29 2.2.3 Quasicrystals .......................................................................................48 2.2.4 Liquid Crystals ...................................................................................49 2.2.5 Allotropes and Polymorphs ................................................................49 2.2.6 Single Crystals and Polycrystals .........................................................51 2.2.7 Directions, Planes, and Atomic Coordinates ......................................52 Further Reading .......................................................................................................57 Selected Questions From Questions and Answers Manual ......................................58 Chapter 3 The Rejection of Perfection: Defects, Amorphous Materials, and Polymers ......................................................................................61 3.1 Defects ............................................................................................................62 3.1.1 Point Defects .......................................................................................62 3.1.2 Dislocations ........................................................................................68 3.2 Amorphous Materials .....................................................................................73 3.2.1 Structure of Amorphous Materials .....................................................73 3.2.2 Models of Amorphous Structures .......................................................75 3.2.3 Glasses ................................................................................................77 3.2.4 Preparation of Amorphous Materials .................................................80 3.3 Polymers .........................................................................................................85 3.3.1 Structure of Polymers .........................................................................86 VII viii Contents 3.3.2 Thermoplastics ....................................................................................88 3.3.3 Thermosets .........................................................................................90 3.3.4 Elastomers ...........................................................................................90 3.3.5 Additives .............................................................................................92 Further Reading .......................................................................................................93 Selected Questions From Questions and Answers Manual ......................................93 Chapter 4 Stressed Out: The Mechanical Properties of Solids ...........................95 4.1 Introduction to Mechanical Properties of Solids ............................................95 4.1.1 Stress and Strain .................................................................................96 4.1.2 Plastic Deformation ..........................................................................102 4.1.3 Testing, Testing .................................................................................106 4.1.4 Elasticity ........................................................................................... Ill 4.1.5 Hardness ...........................................................................................115 4.2 The Right Material for the Job .....................................................................118 4.2.1 Alloys and Composites .....................................................................118 4.2.2 Altering the Mechanical Properties of a Solid .................................119 4.2.3 Recycling ..........................................................................................121 Further Reading .....................................................................................................123 Selected Questions From Questions and Answers Manual ....................................123 Chapter 5 In, Out, Shake It All About: Diffraction, Phonons, and Thermal Properties of Solids ...........................................................125 5.1 Diffraction ....................................................................................................126 5.1.1 Propagation of Electromagnetic Radiation .......................................126 5.1.2 How Waves Interact with Crystalline Solids ....................................127 5.1.3 Obtaining Х -Ray Diffraction Patterns ..............................................132 5.1.4 Electron and Neutron Diffraction .....................................................135 5.2 Lattice Vibrations and Phonons ....................................................................139 5.2.1 Atomic Vibrations in Crystalline Solids ...........................................141 5.2.2 Phonons .............................................................................................143 5.3 Thermal Properties .......................................................................................144 5.3.1 Specific Heat .....................................................................................144 5.3.2 Thermal Conductivity .......................................................................149 5.3.3 Thermal Expansion ...........................................................................150 Further Reading .....................................................................................................154 Selected Questions From Questions and Answers Manual ....................................154 Chapter 6 Unable to Resist: Metals, Semiconductors, and Superconductors .....157 6.1 Free Electron Models of Electrical Conduction ...........................................158 6.1.1 Overview of Electrical Conduction ..................................................158 6.1.2 Drude s Classical Free Electron Model ............................................164 6.1.3 Pauli s Quantum Free Electron Model .............................................165 Contents ix 6.2 Energy Band Formation................................................................................174 6.2.1 Nearly Free Electron Model.............................................................175 6.2.2 Tight-Binding Model........................................................................177 6.3 Simple Band Theory .....................................................................................180 6.3.1 Application of Band Theory to Real Solids ......................................180 6.3.2 Density of States in Energy Bands ...................................................184 6.4 Elemental and Compound Semiconductors ..................................................185 6.4.1 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors ............................................185 6.4.2 Motion of Charge Carriers in Semiconductors .................................197 6.5 Superconductivity .........................................................................................201 6.5.1 Introduction to Superconductivity ....................................................201 6.5.2 Superconductor Technology .............................................................211 Further Reading .....................................................................................................213 Selected Questions From Questions and Answers Manual ....................................213 Chapter 7 Chips with Everything: Semiconductor Devices and Dielectrics .....215 7.1 Introduction to Semiconductor Devices .......................................................216 7.1.1 p -η Junctions .....................................................................................216 7.1.2 Bipolar Junction Transistors .............................................................223 7.1.3 Field-Effect Transistors ....................................................................225 7.2 Optoelectronic Devices .................................................................................230 7.2.1 Interaction Between Light and Semiconductors ...............................230 7.2.2 LEDs.................................................................................................235 7.2.3 Semiconductor Lasers .......................................................................238 7.2.4 Solar Cells .........................................................................................240 7.2.5 MOS Capacitor .................................................................................242 7.3 Device Manufacture .....................................................................................243 7.3.1 Crystal Growth .................................................................................244 7.3.2 Epitaxial Growth Methods ...............................................................247 7.3.3 Deposition .........................................................................................249 7.3.4 Doping Semiconductors ....................................................................252 7.3.5 MEMS ..............................................................................................254 7.4 Dielectrics .....................................................................................................254 7.4.1 Introduction to Dielectrics ................................................................254 7.4.2 Ferroelectricity .................................................................................259 7.4.3 Piezoelectricity .................................................................................262 Further Reading .....................................................................................................264 Selected Questions From Questions and Answers Manual ....................................264 Chapter 8 Living in a Magnetic World: Magnetism and Its Applications ........267 8.1 Introduction to Magnetism ...........................................................................268 8.1.1 The Origins of Magnetism ...............................................................268 8.1.2 Magnetic Properties and Quantities .................................................269 χ Contents 8.2 Types of Magnetism ......................................................................................272 8.2.1 Diamagnetism ...................................................................................272 8.2.2 Paramagnetism .................................................................................273 8.2.3 Ferromagnetism ................................................................................278 8.2.4 Antiferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism ........................................282 8.3 Technological Applications of Magnets and Magnetism .............................285 8.3.1 Solenoids ...........................................................................................285 8.3.2 Electromagnets .................................................................................286 8.3.3 Permanent Magnets ..........................................................................287 8.3.4 Magnetic Resonance .........................................................................288 8.3.5 Magnetic Recording .........................................................................289 Further Reading .....................................................................................................292 Selected Questions From Questions and Answers Manual ....................................293 Appendix A: Some Useful Maths .......................................................................295 Al Vectors ..........................................................................................................295 Vector vs. Scalar ...........................................................................................295 Unit Vectors ..................................................................................................295 Addition of Vectors .......................................................................................296 A2 Cartesian Coordinates ..................................................................................296 A3 Derivation of Selected Equations .................................................................298 Derivation of Equation 6.17..........................................................................298 Derivation of Equation 6.18..........................................................................299 Proof that n] = tip (equation 6. 14[b]) is valid for extrinsic as well as intrinsic semiconductors ...................................................................300 Appendix B: Vibrations and Waves ...................................................................301 Bl Properties of Waves ......................................................................................301 Electromagnetic and Elastic Waves ..............................................................301 Longitudinal and Transverse Waves .............................................................302 Describing Waves .........................................................................................302 Velocity of Propagation ................................................................................305 B2 Wave Behaviour ............................................................................................305 Interference ...................................................................................................305 Diffraction .....................................................................................................305 Diffraction Gratings ......................................................................................307 Appendix C: Revision of Atomic Physics ...........................................................309 Cl Atomic Structure and Properties ..................................................................309 Atomic Structure ...........................................................................................309 Atomic Number ............................................................................................309 Mass Number and Isotopes ...........................................................................309 Atomic Mass Units .......................................................................................310 C2 Electron Shell Notation .................................................................................310 Atomic Shells ................................................................................................310 Contents xi Principal Quantum Number ..........................................................................312 Orbital Quantum Number .............................................................................312 Magnetic Quantum Number......................................................................... 313 Spin Quantum Number .................................................................................313 Electron Configuration of an Atom ...............................................................314 Filling of Subshells .......................................................................................314 C3 The Periodic Table ........................................................................................315 Appendix D: Revision of Quantum Mechanics .................................................321 Dl Fundamental Ideas of Quantum Theory .......................................................321 Wave-Particle Duality ...................................................................................321 Wave Functions .............................................................................................322 Quantisation ..................................................................................................323 Heisenberg^ Uncertainty Principle ..............................................................323 D2 Quantum Behaviour of Particles ..................................................................324 Fermions and Bosons ....................................................................................324 The Pauli Exclusion Principle .......................................................................324 Particle in a Box ............................................................................................324 Appendix E: Revision of Statistical Mechanics .................................................329 El Use of Statistics in Solid State Physics .........................................................329 E2 Probability ....................................................................................................329 The Concept of Probability ...........................................................................329 Simple Probability Calculations ...................................................................330 E3 Classical Statistical Mechanics .....................................................................330 Gas Model .....................................................................................................330 Configurations ...............................................................................................331 Boltzmann s Distribution Law ......................................................................332 Boltzmann Occupation Factor ......................................................................332 Equipartition of Energy ................................................................................332 E4 Quantum Statistics ........................................................................................333 Configurations of Indistinguishable Particles ...............................................333 Fermi-Dirac Statistics ..................................................................................333 Bose-Einstein Statistics ................................................................................335 Appendix F: Glossary of Terms ..........................................................................337 Index ......................................................................................................................345
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spelling	Holgate, Sharon Ann Verfasser (DE-588)124100139 aut Understanding solid state physics an undergraduate survival guide Sharon Ann Holgate Solid state physics Boca Raton [u.a.] CRC Press 2010 VII, 349 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Festkörperphysik (DE-588)4016921-2 gnd rswk-swf Festkörperphysik (DE-588)4016921-2 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012818473&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Holgate, Sharon Ann Understanding solid state physics an undergraduate survival guide Festkörperphysik (DE-588)4016921-2 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4016921-2
title	Understanding solid state physics an undergraduate survival guide
title_alt	Solid state physics
title_auth	Understanding solid state physics an undergraduate survival guide
title_exact_search	Understanding solid state physics an undergraduate survival guide
title_full	Understanding solid state physics an undergraduate survival guide Sharon Ann Holgate
title_fullStr	Understanding solid state physics an undergraduate survival guide Sharon Ann Holgate
title_full_unstemmed	Understanding solid state physics an undergraduate survival guide Sharon Ann Holgate
title_short	Understanding solid state physics
title_sort	understanding solid state physics an undergraduate survival guide
title_sub	an undergraduate survival guide
topic	Festkörperphysik (DE-588)4016921-2 gnd
topic_facet	Festkörperphysik
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