Trace and ultratrace elements in plants and soil:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Southampton [u.a.]
WIT Press
2005
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Advances in ecological sciences
20 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 348 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1853129607 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Trace and ultratrace elements in plants and soil |c ed.: I. Shtangeeva |
| 264 | 1 | |a Southampton [u.a.] |b WIT Press |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a 348 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804132765777526784 |
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| adam_text | Contents
Chapter 1 Multi-element analysis of plant and soil samples 1
S. Ayratdt
1 Introduction...................................................................................................1
2 Formulating the question...............................................................................2
3 The steps of the analysis and associated errors..............................................4
3.1 Sampling...............................................................................................6
3.2 Cleaning................................................................................................6
3.3 Drying, homogenisation and storage....................................................7
4 Trace element determination.........................................................................9
4.1 Direct measurements............................................................................9
4.2 Destructive methods...........................................................................13
5 Choosing the analytical method..................................................................20
5.1 Optimal detection limits.....................................................................22
5.2 Detection limits in environmental samples.........................................22
5.3 Comparative evaluation......................................................................24
6 Quality control.............................................................................................24
7 Concluding comments.................................................................................28
Chapter 2 Exploratory multivariate data analysis of soil and
plant multi-element data 33
K. Heydorn
1 Introduction.................................................................................................33
2 Statistics and chemometrics.........................................................................35
3 Strategy........................................................................................................41
3.1 Autoscaling.........................................................................................41
3.2 Outliers...............................................................................................41
3.3 Clusters...............................................................................................43
3.4 Replicates...........................................................................................44
3.5 Trends.................................................................................................45
3.6 Dimensionality...................................................................................45
3.7 Selection of variables..........................................................................47
3.8 Back to square one..............................................................................47
3.9 Classification......................................................................................47
Definition of a project.................................................................................48
4.1 One factor at a time............................................................................48
4.2 Several factors at a time......................................................................50
Description of a project...............................................................................51
5.1 Overview............................................................................................51
5.2 Individual sample types......................................................................53
Conclusion...................................................................................................67
Chapter 3 Processes and factors regulating the behaviour and
uptake of trace elements in the rhizosphere 69
M. Arienzo
1 Introduction.................................................................................................69
2 The rhizosphere...........................................................................................70
3 Geochemical forms of trace elements in the rhizosphere............................71
4 Processes affecting the behaviour of trace elements in the rhizosphere......72
4.1 Cation exchange capacity...................................................................72
4.2 Adsorption..........................................................................................73
4.3 Trace element association with oxides and hydroxides......................74
4.4 Trace element association with organic substances............................75
4.5 Mobilisation of trace elements............................................................77
5 Factors affecting the uptake of trace elements in the rhizosphere...............78
5.1 Abiotic factors....................................................................................81
5.2 Biotic factors......................................................................................84
6 Conclusions.................................................................................................90
Chapter 4 Metal and arsenic bioavailability and uptake by
hyperaccumulator plants 97
E. Lombi A.L. Nolan
1 Introduction.................................................................................................97
2 Phytoavailability of trace metals in soils.....................................................98
2.1 Aqueous-phase metal speciation.........................................................98
3 Phytoavailability of arsenic in soils...........................................................109
3.1 Forms of arsenic in soils...................................................................109
4 Metal and arsenic uptake by hyperaccumulator plants..............................Ill
4.1 Rhizosphere processes......................................................................Ill
4.2 Metal uptake by hyperaccumulators.................................................114
4.3 Arsenic uptake by hyperaccumulators..............................................116
5 Conclusions...............................................................................................117
Chapter 5 Copper 129
N. W. Lepp
1 Introduction...............................................................................................129
2 Bioavailability of soil copper....................................................................130
3 Plant copper uptake...................................................................................133
4 Copper transport within the plant..............................................................134
5 Copper toxicity in plants...........................................................................135
6 Copper tolerance........................................................................................137
7 Copper indicators and accumulators..........................................................138
8 Soil copper contamination from fungicides...............................................138
9 Remediation of Cu-contaminated soils......................................................139
10 Conclusions.............................................................................................141
Chapter 6 Arsenic in plants, soils and foodstuffs 149
M. Anke
1 Introduction...............................................................................................149
2 Arsenic in the earth s crust........................................................................150
2.1 Arsenic in rocks................................................................................151
2.2 Arsenic in soils and its bioavailability..............................................151
2.3 Arsenic in water................................................................................153
3 Arsenic in plants........................................................................................154
3.1 Influence of the geological origin of soil..........................................154
3.2 Influence of plant age.......................................................................155
3.3 Influence of species and plant organs...............................................156
3.4 Arsenic in green foodstuffs and in beverages...................................156
3.5 Essentiality of arsenic for plants.......................................................160
3.6 Toxicity of arsenic for plants............................................................160
3.7 Metabolic transformation.................................................................162
4 Conclusions...............................................................................................163
Chapter 7 Cadmium 171
T. Punshon, A.L. Neal B.P. Jackson
1 Introduction...............................................................................................171
1.1 Status ofCd as a potentially toxic element (PTE)............................172
2 Cd and the soil...........................................................................................174
2.1 Anthropogenic sources of Cd to soil................................................174
2.2 Sorption of Cd to pure mineral phases..............................................175
2.3 Measuring Cd bioavailability...........................................................178
2.4 Cd species in the soil and soil solution.............................................179
3 Cd and bacteria..........................................................................................180
3.1 Responses of natural soil bacterial communities to Cd....................180
3.2 Bacterial resistance to Cd.................................................................181
3.3 Fate of Cd in the presence of bacteria in soils and sediments...........182
4 Cd and mycorrhizal symbiosis..................................................................183
4.1 Tolerance of mycorrhiza to Cd.........................................................185
5 Plant uptake of Cd.....................................................................................185
5.1 Tolerance of plants to Cd..................................................................186
6 Trophic transfer of Cd...............................................................................189
7 Remediation of Cd contaminated soils......................................................191
7.1 Phytoremediation and Short Rotation Forestry (SRF)......................191
7.2 Chemical sorbents.............................................................................192
8 Conclusion.................................................................................................193
Chapter 8 Phytoremediation of lead 209
S. V. Sahi N. C. Sharma
1 Introduction...............................................................................................210
2 Lead transport and accumulation in Sesbania...........................................211
2.1 Sesbania grown in nutrient solution.................................................211
2.2 Sesbania grown in soil......................................................................212
2.3 Cellular localisation of Pb in Sesbania.............................................213
3 Transport pathway and mechanism...........................................................214
3.1 Physiology of Pb acquisition and accumulation...............................214
3.2 Lead transport pathways...................................................................215
3.3 Metal tolerance and resistance mechanisms.....................................216
4 Improving plants for efficient phytoremediation.......................................217
Chapter 9 Scandium 223
/. Shtangeeva
1 Introduction...............................................................................................223
1.1 Scandium in the earth crust..............................................................224
1.2 Geochemistry of scandium...............................................................224
1.3 Application of scandium...................................................................224
2 Analytical problems of scandium determination.......................................225
3 Scandium in soil........................................................................................227
4 Scandium and micro-organisms................................................................229
5 Scandium in plants....................................................................................232
5.1 Scandium in mosses and lichens.......................................................232
5.2 Scandium in higher plants................................................................233
6 Relationships of scandium and other elements in plants and soil..............236
7 Toxicity of scandium.................................................................................238
7.1 Toxicity of scandium for wheat plants.............................................240
8 Conclusions...............................................................................................242
Chapter 10 Fractionation and bioavailability of rare earth
elements in soils 249
X.-Q. Shan, S. Zhang B. Wen
1 Introduction...............................................................................................249
2 Adsorption and desorption of REEs by and from soils..............................250
2.1 Adsorption of REEs in soils.............................................................250
2.2 Desorption of REEs from soils.........................................................252
2.3 Effect of low-molecular-weight-organic-acids on adsorption by
and desorption of REEs from soils...................................................252
2.4 Adsorption and desorption kinetics of REEs from soils...................256
3 Bioavailability of REEs in soils to plants..................................................261
3.1 Free metal ion activity model...........................................................262
3.2 Correlation methods.........................................................................263
4 Subcellular location, sequestration and transport of REEs........................272
4.1 Subcellular location of REEs............................................................273
4.2 Separation and characterisation of REE-binding proteins and
peptides.............................................................................................273
4.3 A natural perennial fern that hyperaccumulates REEs.....................274
5 Conclusions...............................................................................................277
Chapter 11 Biogeochemistry of gold: accepted theories and new
opportunities 287
C.W.N. Anderson
1 Introduction...............................................................................................288
1.1 Gold the most noble of metals..........................................................288
1.2 Mining gold......................................................................................289
2 Geochemistry of gold................................................................................289
2.1 Solution geochemistry of gold..........................................................289
2.2 Geochemical mobility of gold..........................................................290
3 Plants as indicators of mineralisation: geobotany and biogeochemistry... 293
3.1 Gold in plants: biogeochemistry.......................................................294
4 Gold in microbes and animals...................................................................296
5 Phytoextraction..........................................................................................297
5.1 Induced hyperaccumulation..............................................................298
5.2 Phytoextraction of gold....................................................................301
6 Geochemical explanation for induced solubility and uptake.....................304
6.1 Tbiocyanate-induced solubility........................................................305
6.2 Thiosulfate-induced solubility..........................................................310
7 Studies on the form and location of gold stored inside a plant..................313
7.1 Distribution of gold in leaves, stems and roots.................................313
7.2 Storage of the metal complex...........................................................314
8 Review and conclusions: the application of gold phytoextraction............315
Chapter 12 Thorium 323
/. Shtangeeva
1 Introduction...............................................................................................323
1.1 Application of thorium.....................................................................324
1.2 Mineralogy of thorium......................................................................324
1.3 Geochemistry of thorium..................................................................325
2 Thorium in soils.........................................................................................325
3 Thorium and micro-organisms..................................................................327
4 Thorium in lower plants............................................................................330
5 Thorium in higher plants...........................................................................330
6 Toxicity of thorium....................................................................................335
7 Accumulation of thorium in plants and possible application of the
effect for remediation of contaminated soils and wastes...........................337
8 Conclusions...............................................................................................343
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:58:02Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1853129607 |
| language | English |
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| physical | 348 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| series | Advances in ecological sciences |
| series2 | Advances in ecological sciences |
| spelling | Trace and ultratrace elements in plants and soil ed.: I. Shtangeeva Southampton [u.a.] WIT Press 2005 348 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Advances in ecological sciences 20 Boden (DE-588)4007348-8 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd rswk-swf Spurenelement (DE-588)4056595-6 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 s Spurenelement (DE-588)4056595-6 s DE-604 Boden (DE-588)4007348-8 s Štangeeva, Irina Sonstige oth Advances in ecological sciences 20 (DE-604)BV012835813 20 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012805956&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Trace and ultratrace elements in plants and soil Advances in ecological sciences Boden (DE-588)4007348-8 gnd Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd Spurenelement (DE-588)4056595-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4007348-8 (DE-588)4045539-7 (DE-588)4056595-6 |
| title | Trace and ultratrace elements in plants and soil |
| title_auth | Trace and ultratrace elements in plants and soil |
| title_exact_search | Trace and ultratrace elements in plants and soil |
| title_full | Trace and ultratrace elements in plants and soil ed.: I. Shtangeeva |
| title_fullStr | Trace and ultratrace elements in plants and soil ed.: I. Shtangeeva |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trace and ultratrace elements in plants and soil ed.: I. Shtangeeva |
| title_short | Trace and ultratrace elements in plants and soil |
| title_sort | trace and ultratrace elements in plants and soil |
| topic | Boden (DE-588)4007348-8 gnd Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd Spurenelement (DE-588)4056595-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Boden Pflanzen Spurenelement |
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