Fundamentals of soil ecology:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier Acad. Press
2004
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 386 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780121797263 0121797260 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fundamentals of soil ecology |c David C. Coleman ; D. A. Crossley ; Paul F. Hendrix |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Écologie du sol | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Soil ecology | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804132764820176896 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Fundamentals of soil ecology
Autor: Coleman, David C.
Jahr: 2004
Contents
Preface to the Second Edition xi
Preface to the First Edition xiii
1 Historical Overview of Soils and the Fitness
of the Soil Environment 1
The Historical Background of Soil Ecology 1
Water as a Constituent of Soil 4
Elemental Constitution of Soil 9
How Soils Are Formed 9
Profile Development 11
Soil Texture 13
Clay Mineral Structure 15
Soil Structure 16
Soils as Suppliers of Ecosystem Services 20
Summary 20
2 Primary Production Processes in Soils: Roots
and Rhizosphere Associates 23
Introduction 23
The Primary Production Process 23
Methods of Sampling 25
Destructive Techniques 25
The Harvest Method 25
Isotope-Dilution Method 28
Root-Ingrowth Technique 28
Nondestructive Techniques 30
Additional Sources of Primary Production 34
Symbiotic Associates of Roots 34
Mycorrhizal Structure and Function 36
VI Contents
Ecosystem-Level Consequences of ECM Function 37
Actinorhiza 38
Carbon Allocation in the Root/Rhizosphere 38
Carbon Allocation Costs of Development and Maintenance
of Symbiotic Associations with Roots 42
Future Directions for Research on Roots and Mycorrhizal
Function and Biodiversity 44
Summary 46
3 Secondary Production: Activities of
Heterotrophic Organisms—Microbes 47
Introduction 47
Compounds Being Decomposed 48
Microbial Activities in Relation to Catabolism in
Soil Systems 48
Microbial Abundance and Distribution in Soil 53
Techniques for Measuring Microbial Communities 57
Direct Measures of Numbers and Biomass 57
Indirect Measures of Biomass 59
Chemical Methods 59
The Chloroform Fumigation and Incubation (CFI)
Technique 59
The Chloroform Fumigation and Extraction (CFE)
Technique 60
Physiological Methods: SIR Technique 61
Additional Physiological Methods of Measuring Microbial
Activity 61
Enzyme Assays and Measures of Biological Activities in
Soils 63
Direct Methods of Determining Soil Microbial Activity 66
Soil Sterilization and Partial Sterilization Techniques 67
Conceptual Models of Microbes in Soil Systems 67
Root-Rhizosphere Microbe Models and Experiments 67
Soil Aggregation Models 69
Models: Organism and Process-Oriented 74
Summary 77
4 Secondary Production: Activities of
Heterotrophic Organisms—The Soil Fauna 79
Introduction 79
The Microfauna 83
Contents VII
Methods for Extracting and Counting Protozoa 86
Distribution of Protozoa in Soil Profiles 87
Impacts of Protozoa on Ecosystem Function 81
The Mesofauna 89
Rotifera 89
Features of Body Plan and General Ecology 89
Nematoda 90
Nematode Feeding Habits 90
Nematode Zones of Activity in Soil 93
Nematode Extraction Techniques 94
Tardigrada 95
Microarthropods 98
Collembola 101
Families of Collembola 103
Population Growth and Reproduction 107
Collembolan Feeding Habits 107
Collembolan Impacts on Soil Ecosystems 108
Acari (Mites) 109
Oribatid Mites 111
Abundance and Diversity of Oribatid Mites 114
Population Growth 116
Oribatid Feeding Habits 116
Oribatid Impacts on Soil Ecosystems 119
Prostigmatic Mites 119
Mesostigmatic Mites 122
Astigmatic Mites 124
Other Microarthropods 128
Protura 128
Diplura 129
Microcoryphia 130
Pseudoscorpionida 130
Symphyla 131
Pauropoda 133
Enchytraeidae 133
The Macrofauna 141
Macroarthropods 141
Importance of the Macroarthropods 141
Isopoda 143
Diplopoda 145
Chilopoda 146
Scorpionida 147
Araneae 149
Opiliones 151
Solifugae 152
VIII Contents
Uropygi 152
The Pterygote Insects 153
Coleoptera 154
Hymenoptera 159
Diptera 161
Isoptera 162
Other Pterygota 166
Gastropoda 167
Sampling Techniques for Gastropods 168
Oligochaeta—Earthworms 169
Earthworm Distribution and Abundance 170
Biology and Ecology 171
Influence on Soil Processes 176
Earthworm Management 178
Earthworm Sampling and Identification 179
General Attributes of Fauna in Soil Systems 181
Faunal Feedbacks on Microbial Community Composition
and Diversity 182
Summary 184
5 Decomposition and Nutrient Cycling 187
Introduction 187
Integrating Variables 188
Resource Quality, Climate, and Litter Breakdown 190
Dynamics of Litter Breakdown 192
Direct Measurement of Litter Breakdown 194
Patterns of Mass Loss During Decomposition 201
Effects of Fauna on Litter Breakdown Rates 204
Nutrient Movement During Decomposition 206
Nutrient Cycling Links in Soil Systems 215
Role of Soil Fauna in Organic Matter Dynamics and
Nutrient Turnover 216
Faunal Impacts in Applied Ecology—Agroecosy stems 220
Applied Ecology in Forested Ecosystems 222
Summary 225
6 Soil Food Webs: Detritivory and Microbivory
in Soils 227
Introduction 227
Physiological Ecology of Soil Organisms 229
Contents IX
Energy Available for Detrital Food Chains and Webs 231
Arenas of Interest 236
A Hierarchical Approach to Organisms in Soils 237
Future Research Prospects 241
Summary 246
7 Soil Biodiversity and Linkages
to Soil Processes 247
Introduction 247
Biodiversity in Soils and Its Impacts on Terrestrial
Ecosystem Function 247
Heterogeneity of Carbon Substrates and Effects on Soil
Biodiversity 259
Impacts of Species Richness on Ecosystem Function 259
Models, Microcosms, and Soil Biodiversity 263
Experimental Additions and Deletions in Soil Biodiversity
Studies 265
Problems of Concern in Soil Biodiversity Studies 266
Why Is Soil Diversity So High? 269
Biogeographical Trends in Diversity of Soil Organisms 269
8 Future Developments in Soil Ecology 271
Introduction 271
Roles of Soils in Carbon Sequestration 271
Roles of Soils in the Global Carbon Cycle 275
Problems in Modeling Soil Carbon Dynamics 279
Biological Interactions in Soils and Global Change 281
Ecology of Invasive Species in Soil Systems: An Increasing
Problem in Soil Ecology 285
Soils and Gaia : Possible Mechanisms for Evolution of
the Fitness of the Soil Environment? 289
Soil Ecology in the Third Millennium 293
9 Laboratory and Field Exercises
in Soil Ecology 299
Introduction 299
Minirhizotron Studies 299
Principle 299
Contents
Description of a Minirhizotron 299
Installation of the Minirhizotrons 300
Observation and Recording 300
Getting Data from the Videotape 300
Tracing Technique 300
Automated Root Length Measures 301
Soil Respiration Studies 301
Principle 301
Materials and Supplies Needed 301
Procedure 302
Calculations 302
Litter Decomposition Studies 303
Principle 303
Litterbag Construction 304
Calculations 305
Analyses for Soil Microbial Biomass 305
The Chloroform-Fumigation K^OfExtraction
Method 305
Principle 305
Preparation and Handling of Potassium Sulfate 306
Sample Preparation 306
Potassium Sulfate Extractions 306
Chloroform Fumigation 306
Chloroform Removal 307
Calculations 307
Sampling and Enumeration of Nematodes 308
Principle 308
Sampling Considerations 308
Sampling Tool and Precautions 309
Nematode Extraction: Baermann Funnel Method 309
Principle 309
Materials and Supplies Needed 310
Procedure 310
Killing and Fixing Nematodes with Hot and Cold
Formalin (5%) 311
Materials and Supplies Needed 311
Procedure 311
Sampling and Enumeration of Microarthropods 311
Principle 311
Methods for the Study of Microarthropods 312
Sampling 312
Extraction of Microarthropods from Samples 313
Sample Sorting and Identification 315
Contents XI
Sampling and Enumeration of Macroarthropods 317
Principle 317
Methods for Sampling Macroarthropods 317
Sampling 317
Berlese or Tullgren Extraction 318
Flotation 318
Emergence Traps 318
Pitfall Trapping 318
Sampling and Enumeration of Earthworms 320
Principle 320
Collection of Earthworms 320
Passive Techniques 320
Behavioral Techniques 320
Indirect Techniques 323
Identification of Earthworms 323
Sampling and Enumeration of Enchytraeids 323
Principle 323
Collection of Enchytraeids 324
Identification of Enchytraeids 325
References 327
Index 375
|
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| spelling | Coleman, David C. 1938- Verfasser (DE-588)141482397 aut Fundamentals of soil ecology David C. Coleman ; D. A. Crossley ; Paul F. Hendrix 2. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier Acad. Press 2004 XVII, 386 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Sols - Biologie Écologie du sol Soil biology Soil ecology Bodenökologie (DE-588)4332816-7 gnd rswk-swf Bodenbiologie (DE-588)4007358-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Bodenbiologie (DE-588)4007358-0 s DE-604 Bodenökologie (DE-588)4332816-7 s Crossley, D. A. Verfasser aut Hendrix, Paul F. Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012805372&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Coleman, David C. 1938- Crossley, D. A. Hendrix, Paul F. Fundamentals of soil ecology Sols - Biologie Écologie du sol Soil biology Soil ecology Bodenökologie (DE-588)4332816-7 gnd Bodenbiologie (DE-588)4007358-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4332816-7 (DE-588)4007358-0 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Fundamentals of soil ecology |
| title_auth | Fundamentals of soil ecology |
| title_exact_search | Fundamentals of soil ecology |
| title_full | Fundamentals of soil ecology David C. Coleman ; D. A. Crossley ; Paul F. Hendrix |
| title_fullStr | Fundamentals of soil ecology David C. Coleman ; D. A. Crossley ; Paul F. Hendrix |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fundamentals of soil ecology David C. Coleman ; D. A. Crossley ; Paul F. Hendrix |
| title_short | Fundamentals of soil ecology |
| title_sort | fundamentals of soil ecology |
| topic | Sols - Biologie Écologie du sol Soil biology Soil ecology Bodenökologie (DE-588)4332816-7 gnd Bodenbiologie (DE-588)4007358-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sols - Biologie Écologie du sol Soil biology Soil ecology Bodenökologie Bodenbiologie Einführung |
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