Joining of materials and structures: from pragmatic process to enabling technology
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier
2004
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| ISBN: | 0750677570 |
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| adam_text | JOINING OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES FROM PRAGMATIC PROCESS TO ENABLING
TECHNOLOGY ROBERT W. MESSIER, JR. ELSFVTFR * I M D O ^ AMSTERDAM *
BOSTON * HEIDELBERG * LONDON * NEW YORK * OXFORD BUI I BKWUKT H
HEINEMANN PARIS * SAN DIEGO * SAN FRANCISCO * SINGAPORE * SYDNEY * TOKYO
CONTENTS PREFACE XXI I JOINING PROCESSES & TECHNOLOGIES 1 1 INTRODUCTION
TO JOINING: A PROCESS AND A TECHNOLOGY 3 1.1 JOINING DEFINED 3 1.2
REASONS FOR JOINING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 5 1.3 CHALLENGES FOR
JOINING MATERIALS 13 1.4 CHALLENGES FOR JOINING STRUCTURES 15 1.5 HOW
JOINING IS CHANGING OR MUST CHANGE 15 1.6 JOINING OPTIONS 22 1.6.1
FUNDAMENTAL FORCES INVOLVED IN JOINING 22 1.6.2 MECHANICAL FASTENING AND
INTEGRAL ATTACHMENT: USING MECHANICAL FORCES 22 1.6.3 ADHESIVE BONDING:
USING CHEMICAL FORCES 27 1.6.4 WELDING: USING PHYSICAL FORCES 27 1.6.5
BRAZING: A SUBCLASSIFICATION OF WELDING 29 1.6.6 SOLDERING: A SUBSET OF
BRAZING 30 1.6.7 VARIANT AND HYBRID JOINING PROCESSES 32 1.7 SOME KEY
CONCEPTS RELATING TO JOINTS 32 1.7.1 JOINT LOADING OR STRESS STATE 32
1.7.2 JOINT LOAD-CARRYING CAPACITY VERSUS JOINT EFFICIENCY 34 SUMMARY 40
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 41 CITED REFERENCES 43 BIBLIOGRAPHY 43 2
MECHANICAL JOINING 45 2.1 INTRODUCTION 45 2.2 MECHANICAL JOINING AS AN
ASSEMBLY PROCESS 46 2.2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF FASTENING VERSUS
INTEGRAL ATTACHMENT 46 2.2.2 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MECHANICAL
JOINING 46 2.3 SOURCES AND TYPES OF JOINT LOADING 50 VI CONTENTS 2.4
SHEAR-LOADED FASTENED JOINTS 54 2.4.1 TYPES OF FASTENED SHEAR-LOADED
JOINTS 54 2.4.2 FASTENER SPACING AND EDGE DISTANCES 58 2.4.3 EFFECTS OF
FASTENER HOLES ON JOINT NET AREA 59 2.4.4 ALLOWABLE-STRESS DESIGN
PROCEDURE 61 2.4.5 AXIAL SHEAR VERSUS ECCENTRIC SHEAR 71 2.5
TENSION-LOADED FASTENED JOINTS 75 2.5.1 PRINCIPLE OF JOINT OPERATION 75
2.5.2 THE PURPOSE OF PRELOAD 76 2.5.3 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING
APPROPRIATE (TARGET) PRELOAD 78 2.5.4 BOLT TORQUE 80 2.5.5 ACHIEVING A
DESIRED (TARGET) PRELOAD IN BOLTS 82 2.5.6 MEASURING RESIDUAL PRELOAD 83
2.5.7 LOSS OF PRELOAD IN SERVICE 84 2.6 FATIGUE LOADING OF FASTENED
JOINTS 85 2.6.1 SOURCES AND SIGNS OF FATIGUE LOADING 85 2.6.2 REDUCING
THE TENDENCY FOR FATIGUE FAILURE 87 2.7 OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING
FASTENERS AND FASTENED JOINTS 89 2.7.1 BENDING LOADING 89 2.7.2
VIBRATION LOADING 91 2.7.3 CORROSION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION 91
2.8 INTEGRALLY ATTACHED JOINTS 93 2.8.1 INTEGRALLY ATTACHED JOINTS
DEFINED 93 2.8.2 INTEGRAL ATTACHMENT JOINT AND ATTACHMENT LOADING 93
2.8.3 CLASSIFICATION OF INTEGRAL ATTACHMENTS BY FORM AND FOR DESIGN
CONTEXT 95 2.8.4 ANALYSIS OF SNAP-FIT INTEGRAL ATTACHMENT FEATURES 97
SUMMARY 97 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 99 CITED REFERENCES 101 BIBLIOGRAPHY
102 MECHANICAL FASTENERS, INTEGRAL ATTACHMENTS, AND OTHER MECHANICAL
JOINING METHODS 105 3.1 INTRODUCTION 105 3.2 FASTENERS VERSUS INTEGRAL
ATTACHMENTS OR INTERLOCKS 109 3.2.1 THE ROLE OF INTERLOCKING IN
MECHANICAL JOINING 109 3.2.2 MECHANICAL FASTENERS 110 3.2.3 INTEGRAL
ATTACHMENTS OR INTERLOCKS 114 3.3 THREADED FASTENERS 118 3.3.1 GENERAL
DESCRIPTION OF THREADED FASTENERS 118 3.3.2 THREADS 119 3.3.3 BOLTS 122
CONTENTS VII 3.3.4 SCREWS 125 3.3.5 NUTS AND LOCK NUTS 128 3.3.6 TAPPING
OR SELF-TAPPING SCREWS 131 3.3.7 MATERIALS AND STANDARDS FOR MAJOR TYPES
OF THREADED FASTENERS 131 3.3.8 INTEGRAL FASTENERS AND SELF-CLINCHING
FASTENERS 132 3.4 UNTHREADED FASTENERS 134 3.4.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF
UNTHREADED FASTENERS 134 3.4.2 UPSETTING RIVETS 135 3.4.3 BLIND RIVETS
141 3.4.4 SELF-SETTING OR SELF-UPSETTING FASTENERS 145 3.4.5 PINS, PEGS,
AND NAILS 147 3.4.6 EYELETS AND GROMMETS 150 3.4.7 RETAINING RINGS AND
CLIPS 152 3.4.8 KEYS AND KEYWAYS 155 3.4.9 WASHERS AND LOCK-WASHERS 156
3.5 INTEGRAL MECHANICAL ATTACHMENTS 158 3.5.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF
INTEGRAL MECHANICAL ATTACHMENTS 158 3.5.2 A SUGGESTED CLASSIFICATION
SCHEME FOR INTEGRAL MECHANICAL ATTACHMENTS 159 3.5.3 RIGID INTEGRAL
MECHANICAL INTERLOCKS 161 3.5.4 ELASTIC (SNAP-FIT) INTEGRAL MECHANICAL
INTERLOCKS 163 3.5.5 PLASTIC INTEGRAL MECHANICAL INTERLOCKS: PART
ALTERATION TO ACCOMPLISH JOINING 165 3.6 OTHER MECHANICAL JOINING
METHODS 167 3.6.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF OTHER METHODS FOR JOINING PARTS
MECHANICALLY 167 3.6.2 STAPLING AND STITCHING OR SEWING 167 3.6.3 LACES,
LASHINGS, KNOTS, AND WRAPS 170 3.6.4 COUPLINGS AND CLUTCHES 171 3.6.5
MAGNETIC CONNECTIONS AND FASTENERS 171 SUMMARY 173 QUESTIONS AND
PROBLEMS 174 CITED REFERENCES 175 BIBLIOGRAPHY 176 4 ADHESIVE BONDING
AND CEMENTING 1 77 4.1 INTRODUCTION 177 4.2 ADHESIVE BONDING AS A
JOINING PROCESS 179 4.2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ADHESIVE BONDING 179
4.2.2 CEMENTING AND MORTARING AS AN ADHESIVE JOINING PROCESS 180 4.2.3
THE FUNCTIONS OF ADHESIVES 182 4.2.4 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
ADHESIVE BONDING 184 VIII CONTENTS 4.3 MECHANISMS OF ADHESION 187 4.3.1
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF MECHANISMS 187 4.3.2 FORCE AND ENERGY BASES FOR
ADHESIVE BONDING 187 4.3.3 THEORIES OR RATIONALIZATIONS FOR ADHESIVE
BONDING 188 4.3.4 WEAK BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY 191 4.3.5 ADHESIVE TACK AND
STEFAN S EQUATION 192 4.4 FAILURE IN ADHESIVE-BONDED JOINTS 195 4.4.1
MODES OF FAILURE AND WHAT THEY INDICATE 195 4.4.2 CAUSES OF PREMATURE
FAILURE IN ADHESIVELY BONDED JOINTS 196 4.5 KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY
ADHESIVE BONDING 197 4.5.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF KEY REQUIREMENTS 197
4.5.2 JOINT CLEANLINESS FOR ADHESIVE BONDING 198 4.5.3 ENSURING WETTING
FOR ADHESIVE BONDING 199 4.5.4 SELECTING AN ADHESIVE 201 4.5.5 PROPER
JOINT DESIGN FOR ADHESIVE BONDING 203 4.6 ADHESIVE JOINT DESIGNS, DESIGN
CRITERIA, AND ANALYSIS 203 4.6.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES IN ADHESIVE JOINT
DESIGN 203 4.6.2 TYPES OF STRESS ACTING ON AN ADHESIVE-BONDED JOINT 204
4.6.3 TYPICAL JOINT DESIGNS FOR ADHESIVE BONDING 207 4.6.4 CLASSICAL AND
MODERN ADHESIVE JOINT ANALYSIS 209 4.6.5 JOINT DESIGN CRITERIA 215 4.6.6
METHODS FOR IMPROVING BONDED-JOINT EFFICIENCY 216 4.7 CEMENT AND MORTAR
JOINING AND JOINTS 218 SUMMARY 222 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 223 CITED
REFERENCES 226 BIBLIOGRAPHY 226 5 ADHESIVES, CEMENTS, MORTARS, AND THE
BONDING PROCESS 227 5.1 INTRODUCTION TO ADHESIVES, CEMENTS, MORTARS, AND
THE BONDING PROCESS 227 5.2 THE CONSTITUENTS OF ADHESIVES 228 5.3
CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES FOR ADHESIVES 231 5.3.1 THE PURPOSE OF
CLASSIFICATION 231 5.3.2 NATURAL VERSUS SYNTHETIC ADHESIVES 231 5.3.3
ORGANIC VERSUS INORGANIC ADHESIVES 232 5.3.4 CLASSIFICATION BY FUNCTION:
STRUCTURAL VERSUS NONSTRUCTURAL 233 5.3.5 CLASSIFICATION BY CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION 233 5.3.6 CLASSIFICATION BY PHYSICAL FORM 239 5.3.7
CLASSIFICATION BY MODE OF APPLICATION OR BY CURING OR SETTING MECHANISM
242 5.3.8 CLASSIFICATION BY SPECIFIC ADHEREND OR BY APPLICATION 243
5.3.9 CLASSIFICATION OF CEMENTS AND MORTARS 243 CONTENTS IX 5.4
IMPORTANT ORGANIC STRUCTURAL ADHESIVES 245 5.4.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF
ORGANIC STRUCTURAL ADHESIVES 245 5.4.2 EPOXIES AND MODIFIED EPOXIES 245
5.4.3 ACRYLICS AND MODIFIED ACRYLICS 246 5.4.4 CYANOACRYLATES 247 5.4.5
ANAEROBICS 247 5.4.6 URETHANES 248 5.4.7 SILICONES 248 5.4.8 HOT MELTS
248 5.4.9 PHENOLICS 249 5.4.10 HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRUCTURAL ADHESIVES 249
5.5 IMPORTANT INORGANIC ADHESIVES, CEMENTS, AND MORTARS 250 5.6 THE
ADHESIVE BONDING PROCESS: STEPS AND EQUIPMENT 256 5.6.1 GENERAL
DESCRIPTION OF THE ADHESIVE BONDING PROCESS 256 5.6.2 ADHESIVE STORAGE
256 5.6.3 ADHESIVE PREPARATION 256 5.6.4 JOINT/ADHEREND PREPARATION 257
5.6.5 METHODS OF ADHESIVE APPLICATION 257 5.6.6 JOINT ASSEMBLY METHODS
258 5.6.7 BONDING EQUIPMENT 259 5.7 ADHESIVE-BONDED JOINT PERFORMANCE
261 5.7.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF JOINT PERFORMANCE GOALS 261 5.7.2
TESTING OF ADHESIVES AND BONDED-JOINT PROPERTIES 262 5.7.3 QUALITY
ASSURANCE IN ADHESIVE BONDING 266 5.7.4 TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC
ADHESIVES 269 5.7.5 TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF IMPORTANT CEMENTS AND
CONCRETES 270 5.7.6 EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON ADHESIVES AND
ADHESIVE-BONDED JOINTS 270 5.8 APPLICATIONS OF ADHESIVES, CEMENTS, AND
MORTARS 278 SUMMARY 279 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 280 CITED REFERENCES 283
BIBLIOGRAPHY 283 6 WELDING AS A JOINING PROCESS 285 6.1 INTRODUCTION TO
THE PROCESS OF WELDING 285 6.2 JOINING MATERIALS BY NATURAL PHYSICAL
FORCES: WELDING 288 6.2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 288 6.2.2 CREATING A WELD
WITH ATOMIC-LEVEL FORCES 288 6.2.3 WELDING METALS VERSUS CERAMICS OR
POLYMERS 292 6.2.4 THE IMPORTANCE OF CLEANING FOR WELDING 293 6.2.5
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF WELDING 294 X CONTENTS 6.3
CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES FOR WELDING PROCESSES 294 6.3.1 THE NEED FOR
CLASSIFICATION OF PROCESSES 294 6.3.2 CLASSIFICATION OF WELDING
PROCESSES BY ENERGY SOURCE 295 6.3.3 CLASSIFICATION OF WELDING PROCESSES
BY PHASE REACTION 297 6.3.4 PRESSURE VERSUS NON-PRESSURE WELDING
PROCESSES 298 6.3.5 FUSION VERSUS NON-FUSION WELDING PROCESSES 299 6.3.6
AUTOGENOUS VERSUS HOMOGENEOUS VERSUS HETEROGENEOUS WELDING 301 6.3.7
NONCONSUMABLE VERSUS CONSUMABLE ELECTRODE ARC WELDING PROCESSES 303
6.3.8 CONTINUOUS VERSUS DISCONTINUOUS CONSUMABLE ELECTRODE ARC WELDING
PROCESSES 303 6.3.9 THE AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY S CLASSIFICATION OF
WELDING AND ALLIED PROCESSES 304 6.4 FUSION WELDING PROCESSES 305 6.4.1
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF FUSION WELDING PROCESSES 305 6.4.2 GAS WELDING
305 6.4.3 ARC WELDING 309 6.4.4 HIGH-ENERGY BEAM WELDING 325 6.4.5
RESISTANCE WELDING 326 6.4.6 TRANSFER EFFICIENCY IN FUSION WELDING 331
6.5 NON-FUSION WELDING PROCESSES 332 6.5.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF
NON-FUSION WELDING PROCESSES 332 6.5.2 COLD AND HOT PRESSURE WELDING
PROCESSES 333 6.5.3 FRICTION WELDING PROCESSES 334 6.5.4 DIFFUSION
WELDING PROCESSES 337 6.6 WELD JOINT DESIGN 338 6.6.1 GENERAL
DESCRIPTION OF WELD JOINT DESIGN 338 6.6.2 SIZE AND AMOUNT OF WELD 339
6.6.3 TYPES OF WELD JOINTS 341 SUMMARY 343 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 344
CITED REFERENCES 348 BIBLIOGRAPHY 348 7 BRAZING: A SUBCLASSIFICATION OF
WELDING 349 7.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROCESS OF BRAZING 349 7.2 BRAZING
AS A SUBCLASSIFICATION OF WELDING 351 7.2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BRAZING AND WELDING 351 7.2.2 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF BRAZING 353 7.3 PRINCIPLES OF BRAZE PROCESS OPERATION
355 CONTENTS XI 7.4 BRAZING PROCESSES 356 7.4.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF
BRAZING PROCESSES 356 7.4.2 TORCH BRAZING 357 7.4.3 FURNACE BRAZING 358
7.4.4 INDUCTION, RESISTANCE, AND MICROWAVE BRAZING 358 7.4.5 DIP BRAZING
360 7.4.6 INFRARED BRAZING 361 7.4.7 DIFFUSION BRAZING AND TRANSIENT
LIQUID-PHASE BONDING 362 7.4.8 OTHER SPECIAL BRAZING METHODS 363 7.5
BRAZING FILLER MATERIALS 364 7.5.1 BASIC CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED OF
BRAZE FILLERS 364 7.5.2 BRAZE FILLER SELECTION CRITERIA 366 7.5.3 THE
METALLURGY OF A KEY FILLER SYSTEM (CU-AG) 367 7.5.4 BRAZE FILLER ALLOY
TYPES 369 7.5.5 CERAMIC BRAZE FILLERS 374 7.5.6 BRAZEABILITY AND ITS
ASSESSMENT 374 7.6 BRAZING FLUXES AND ATMOSPHERES 374 7.6.1 THE NEED FOR
FLUXES OR ATMOSPHERES IN BRAZING 374 7.6.2 FLUXES FOR BRAZING 375 7.6.3
CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES FOR BRAZING 378 7.7 BRAZE JOINT DESIGN 378
SUMMARY 383 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 385 CITED REFERENCES 387 BIBLIOGRAPHY
387 8 SOLDERING: A SUBSET OF BRAZING 389 8.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROCESS
OF SOLDERING 389 8.2 SOLDERING AS A JOINING PROCESS AND SUBSET OF
BRAZING 391 8.2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SOLDERING 391 8.2.2 SOLDERING
COMPARED TO NON-FUSION WELDING, BRAZING, AND ADHESIVE BONDING 392 8.2.3
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SOLDERING 393 8.3 SOLDERING PROCESS
CONSIDERATIONS 395 8.3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE NEEDS FOR PROPER
SOLDERING 395 8.3.2 BASE MATERIAL CONSIDERATIONS 395 8.3.3 SOLDER ALLOY
SELECTION 398 8.3.4 SOLDER FLUX SELECTION 398 8.3.5 SOLDERING
ATMOSPHERES 399 8.3.6 SOLDER JOINT DESIGN 399 8.3.7 PRECLEANING 399
8.3.8 CHOICE OF SOLDERING PROCESS 401 8.3.9 EXCESS SOLDER AND FLUX
RESIDUE REMOVAL 402 XII CONTENTS 8.4 SOLDERING PROCESSES 402 8.4.1
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SOLDERING PROCESSES 402 8.4.2 IRON SOLDERING 402
8.4.3 TORCH SOLDERING 404 8.4.4 OVEN SOLDERING 404 8.4.5 DIP SOLDERING
404 8.4.6 WAVE SOLDERING 405 8.4.7 INDUCTION SOLDERING 405 8.4.8
RESISTANCE SOLDERING 406 8.4.9 OTHER SPECIAL SOLDERING METHODS 406
8.4.10 REFLOW METHODS OF SOLDERING 407 8.5 SOLDERS AND BASIC SOLDER
ALLOY METALLURGY 407 8.5.1 BASIC CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED OF SOLDERS 407
8.5.2 TIN-LEAD SOLDERS 408 8.5.3 TIN-ANTIMONY AND TIN-LEAD-ANTIMONY
SOLDERS 411 8.5.4 TIN-SILVER AND TIN-LEAD-SILVER SOLDERS 416 8.5.5
TIN-ZINC SOLDERS 416 8.5.6 CADMIUM-SILVER SOLDERS 417 8.5.7 CADMIUM-ZINC
SOLDERS 420 8.5.8 ZINC-ALUMINUM SOLDERS 420 8.5.9 FUSIBLE ALLOYS 420
8.5.10 INDIUM SOLDERS 421 8.5.11 OTHER SPECIAL SOLDERS 424 8.5.12
PHYSICAL FORMS OF SOLDERS 426 8.6 FLUXES AND ATMOSPHERES FOR SOLDERING
427 8.6.1 THE NEED FOR FLUXES OR ATMOSPHERES IN SOLDERING 427 8.6.2
ROSIN FLUXES 428 8.6.3 ORGANIC FLUXES 429 8.6.4 INORGANIC FLUXES 429
8.6.5 SPECIAL FLUXES 429 8.6.6 PHYSICAL FORMS OF FLUXES 429 8.6.7
FLUXLESS SOLDERING AND SOLDERING ATMOSPHERES 432 8.7 JOINT DESIGNS AND
JOINT PROPERTIES FOR SOLDERING 432 8.7.1 SOLDER JOINT DESIGNS 432 8.7.2
SOLDER JOINT PROPERTIES 437 8.8 SOLDERABILITY TESTING 437 8.8.1 GENERAL
DESCRIPTION OF SOLDERABILITY TESTING 437 8.8.2 WETTING BALANCE METHOD
439 8.8.3 GLOBULE METHOD 442 8.8.4 SPREAD TEST OF SOLDERABILITY 442
8.8.5 OTHER SOLDERABILITY TEST METHODS 442 SUMMARY 443 QUESTIONS AND
PROBLEMS 444 CITED REFERENCES 446 BIBLIOGRAPHY 446 CONTENTS XIII 9 THE
BASIC METALLURGY OF WELDING, BRAZING, AND SOLDERING 447 9.1 IMPORTANCE
OF METALLURGY TO WELDING, BRAZING, AND SOLDERING 447 9.2 WELDING THERMAL
CYCLES AND HEAT FLOW AROUND WELDS 448 9.2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE
EFFECTS OF HEAT DURING WELDING 448 9.2.2 WELDING THERMAL CYCLES AND
THEIR EFFECTS 450 9.2.3 HEAT FLOW AROUND WELDS 453 9.2.4 MICROSTRUCTURAL
ZONES IN WELDED, BRAZED, AND SOLDERED JOINTS 456 9.2.5 SIMPLIFIED
EQUATIONS FOR APPROXIMATING WELDING AND WELD CONDITIONS 458 9.3
CONSIDERATIONS IN THE FUSION ZONE 460 9.3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE
FUSION ZONE 460 9.3.2 WELD POOL COMPOSITION 461 9.3.3 FUSION WELD POOL
SIZE AND SHAPE 463 9.3.4 KEY PRINCIPLES OF WELD, BRAZE, AND SOLDER
SOLIDIFICATION 465 9.4 CONSIDERATIONS IN THE PARTIALLY MELTED ZONE 473
9.5 CONSIDERATIONS IN THE HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE 474 9.5.1 GENERAL
DESCRIPTION OF THE HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE OF WELDED, BRAZED, OR SOLDERED
JOINTS 474 9.5.2 WORK-HARDENED METALS: RECOVERY, RECRYSTALLIZATION, AND
GRAIN GROWTH 475 9.5.3 PRECIPITATION-HARDENED ALLOYS: REVERSION AND
OVERAGING 477 9.5.4 TRANSFORMATION-HARDENABLE ALLOYS: HARDENABILITY 479
9.5.5 SENSITIZATION IN CORROSION-RESISTANT STAINLESS STEELS 479 9.5.6
SOLID-SOLUTION STRENGTHENED AND DISPERSION-STRENGTHENED METALS 481 9.6
DEFECT FORMATION AND PREVENTION IN WELDED, BRAZED, AND SOLDERED JOINTS
482 9.6.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ORIGIN AND IMPACT OF DEFECTS IN
JOINTS 482 9.6.2 JOINT-INDUCED DEFECTS 483 9.6.3 FUSION OR MELT ZONE
DEFECTS 484 9.6.4 PARTIALLY MELTED ZONE DEFECTS 485 9.6.5 HEAT-AFFECTED
ZONE DEFECTS 486 9.7 TESTS OF WELDABILITY AND JOINT PROPERTIES 488 9.7.1
GENERAL DISCUSSION OF WELDABILITY AND JOINT PROPERTY TESTS 488 9.7.2
SOLIDIFICATION CRACKING SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTS 489 9.7.3 PARTIALLY MELTED
ZONE CRACKING SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTS 491 9.7.4 HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE CRACKING
SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTS 491 9.7.5 WELD JOINT PROPERTY TESTS 491 SUMMARY 494
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 496 XIV CONTENTS CITED REFERENCES 499
BIBLIOGRAPHY 479 10 OTHER JOINING PROCESSES: VARIANTS AND HYBRIDS 501
10.1 INTRODUCTION TO VARIANT AND HYBRID JOINING PROCESSES 501 10.2
THERMAL SPRAYING: A VARIANT JOINING PROCESS 502 10.2.1 GENERAL
DESCRIPTION OF THERMAL SPRAYING 502 10.2.2 MECHANISM OF THERMALLY
SPRAYED COATING ADHESION 504 10.2.3 PROPERTIES OF THERMALLY SPRAYED
COATINGS 506 10.2.4 APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING 506 10.2.5
DIFFERENT METHODS OF THERMAL SPRAYING 507 10.3 BRAZE WELDING: BRAZING OR
WELDING? 510 10.4 HYBRID JOINING PROCESSES 513 10.4.1 GENERAL
DESCRIPTION OF HYBRID JOINING PROCESSES 513 10.4.2 RIVET-BONDING 514
10.4.3 WELD-BONDING 516 10.4.4 WELD-BRAZING 519 10.4.5 HYBRID WELDING
PROCESSES 521 10.5 OTHER COMBINATIONS: WHAT MAKES SENSE AND WHAT DOES
NOT? 526 SUMMARY 528 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 529 CITED REFERENCES 530
BIBLIOGRAPHY 530 II JOINING OF SPECIFIC MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 533 11
JOINING OF METALS, ALLOYS, AND INTERMETALLICS 535 11.1 INTRODUCTION 535
11.1.1 CHALLENGES OF JOINING METALS AND ALLOYS 535 11.1.2 SPECIAL
CHALLENGES OF JOINING METALS AND ALLOYS 536 11.1.3 CHALLENGES OF JOINING
INTERMETALLICS 537 11.1.4 JOINING PROCESS OPTIONS FOR METALS AND ALLOYS
538 11.1.5 DEALING WITH EXTREMES 540 11.2 JOINING REFRACTORY METALS AND
ALLOYS 540 11.2.1 CHALLENGES POSED BY REFRACTORY METALS AND ALLOYS 540
11.2.2 MECHANICALLY JOINING THE REFRACTORY METALS AND ALLOYS 544 11.2.3
WELDING THE REFRACTORY METALS AND ALLOYS 544 11.2.4 BRAZING THE
REFRACTORY METALS AND ALLOYS 547 11.3 JOINING REACTIVE METALS AND ALLOYS
547 11.3.1 CHALLENGES POSED BY REACTIVE METALS AND ALLOYS 547 CONTENTS
XV 11.3.2 MECHANICALLY JOINING THE REACTIVE METALS AND ALLOYS 552 11.3.3
WELDING THE REACTIVE METALS AND ALLOYS 552 11.3.4 BRAZING THE REACTIVE
METALS AND ALLOYS 554 11.3.5 ADHESIVE BONDING THE REACTIVE METALS AND
ALLOYS 555 11.4 JOINING HEAT-SENSITIVE METALS AND ALLOYS 556 11.4.1
CHALLENGES POSED BY HEAT-SENSITIVE METALS AND ALLOYS 556 11.4.2 WELDING
THE HEAT-SENSITIVE METALS AND ALLOYS 557 11.4.3 BRAZING AND SOLDERING
HEAT-SENSITIVE METALS AND ALLOYS 560 11.4.4 ADHESIVE-BONDING
HEAT-SENSITIVE METALS AND ALLOYS 563 11.4.5 MECHANICALLY JOINING
HEAT-SENSITIVE METALS AND ALLOYS 563 11.4.6 WELDING, BRAZE WELDING, AND
BRAZING CAST IRONS 564 11.5 JOINING DISSIMILAR METALS AND ALLOYS 567
11.5.1 CHALLENGES POSED BY DISSIMILAR METALS AND ALLOYS 567 11.5.2
AVOIDING OR MINIMIZING FUSION WELDING 568 11.5.3 USING INTERMEDIATE
LAYERS OR INTERMEDIARIES 569 11.6 JOINING INTERMETALLICS 570 11.6.1
CHALLENGES POSED BY INTERMETALLIC MATERIALS 570 11.6.2 WELDING
INTERMETALLICS 574 11.6.3 EXOTHERMIC BRAZING OF INTERMETALLICS 575 11.7
THERMAL SPRAYING OF METALS, ALLOYS, AND INTERMETALLICS 576 SUMMARY 578
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 580 CITED REFERENCES 581 BIBLIOGRAPHY 581 12
JOINING OF CERAMICS AND GLASSES 583 12.1 INTRODUCTION 583 12.1.1
CERAMICS AND GLASSES DEFINED 583 12.1.2 THE SPECIAL DRIVERS AND
CHALLENGES FOR JOINING CERAMICS AND GLASSES 587 12.1.3 BASIC JOINING
TECHNIQUES FOR CERAMICS AND GLASSES 588 12.2 MECHANICAL JOINING OF
CERAMICS 592 12.2.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MECHANICAL JOINING PROCESS
592 12.2.2 MECHANICAL JOINING METHODS 593 12.3 ADHESIVE BONDING,
CEMENTING, AND RELATED JOINING OF CERAMICS 595 12.3.1 ADHESIVE BONDING
OR JOINING OF CERAMICS 595 12.3.2 CEMENT AND MORTAR JOINING OF CERAMICS
(INCLUDING CEMENT AND CONCRETE) 596 12.4 BRAZING AND SOLDERING OF
CERAMICS 599 12.4.1 CHALLENGES POSED BY CERAMICS TO BRAZING AND
SOLDERING 599 XVI CONTENTS 12.4.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF BRAZING METHODS FOR
CERAMICS 600 12.4.3 METAL BRAZING OF CERAMICS 601 12.4.4 CERAMIC BRAZING
OF CERAMICS 603 12.5 WELDING OF CERAMICS 603 12.5.1 CHALLENGES POSED TO
WELDING BY CERAMICS 603 12.5.2 SOLID-PHASE (NON-FUSION) WELDING OF
CERAMICS 604 12.5.3 FUSION WELDING OF CERAMICS 605 12.6 OTHER METHODS
FOR JOINING CERAMICS TO CERAMICS 608 12.6.1 WAFER BONDING OF CERAMICS
608 12.6.2 SINTER BONDING OF CERAMICS 608 12.6.3 SHS OR CS WELDING OR
BRAZING OF CERAMICS 610 12.7 COMPARISON OF JOINING TECHNIQUES FOR
CERAMICS 611 12.8 JOINING GLASSES 612 12.8.1 THE CHALLENGES POSED BY
JOINING OF GLASSES 612 12.8.2 WELDING OR FUSING GLASSES 613 12.8.3
CEMENTING AND ADHESIVE BONDING OF GLASSES 613 12.8.4 SOLDERING OF
GLASSES AND SOLDER GLASSES 614 SUMMARY 616 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 617
CITED REFERENCES 618 BIBLIOGRAPHY 619 13 JOINING OF POLYMERS 621 13.1
INTRODUCTION 621 13.1.1 POLYMERS DEFINED AND CLASSIFIED 621 13.1.2 THE
CHALLENGE OF JOINING POLYMERIC MATERIALS 625 13.2 GENERAL METHODS FOR
JOINING POLYMERS 626 13.3 JOINING THERMOSETTING POLYMERS 628 13.3.1
CHALLENGES POSED TO JOINING BY THERMOSETTING POLYMERS 628 13.3.2
MECHANICAL JOINING OF THERMOSETTING POLYMERS 628 13.3.3 ADHESIVE BONDING
OF THERMOSETTING POLYMERS 630 13.4 JOINING THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS 631
13.4.1 CHALLENGES POSED TO JOINING BY THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS 631 13.4.2
MECHANICAL FASTENING OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS 632 13.4.3 INTEGRAL
SNAP-FIT ATTACHMENT OF THERMOPLASTICS 633 13.4.4 ADHESIVE BONDING AND
SOLVENT CEMENTING OF THERMOPLASTICS 633 13.4.5 WELDING OR THERMAL
BONDING OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS 635 13.5 JOINING ELASTOMERIC POLYMERS
OR ELASTOMERS 639 CONTENTS XVII 13.6 JOINING STRUCTURAL OR RIGID FOAM
POLYMERS 640 13.7 JOINING DISSIMILAR POLYMERS 641 SUMMARY 643 QUESTIONS
AND PROBLEMS 644 CITED REFERENCES 645 BIBLIOGRAPHY 645 14 JOINING
COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 647 14.1 INTRODUCTION 647 14.1.1
COMPOSITES DEFINED AND CLASSIFIED 647 14.1.2 THE SPECIAL CHALLENGES
POSED TO JOINING BY COMPOSITES 653 14.2 OPTIONS FOR JOINING COMPOSITES
657 14.2.1 HISTORICAL APPROACH AND GENERAL METHODS FOR JOINING
COMPOSITES 657 14.2.2 MECHANICAL JOINING VERSUS ADHESIVE BONDING OF
COMPOSITES 658 14.3 JOINING OF POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITES 660 14.3.1
POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITES DEFINED 660 14.3.2 MECHANICAL JOINING OF
POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITES 660 14.3.3 ADHESIVE BONDING OF POLYMER-MATRIX
COMPOSITES 664 14.3.4 THERMAL BONDING OR WELDING OF THERMOPLASTIC
COMPOSITES 667 14.3.5 A RADICAL IDEA FOR JOINING THERMOSETTING
COMPOSITES 670 14.4 JOINING OF METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES (MMCS) 671 14.4.1
METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES (MMCS) DEFINED 671 14.4.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
FOR JOINING MMCS 672 14.4.3 WELDING MMCS 673 14.4.4 BRAZING MMCS 675
14.4.5 MECHANICALLY FASTENING OR INTEGRALLY ATTACHING MMCS 676 14.4.6
ADHESIVE BONDING MMCS 676 14.5 JOINING OF CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES
(CMCS) 677 14.5.1 CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES (CMCS) DEFINED 677 14.5.2
GENERAL METHODS FOR JOINING CMCS 677 14.5.3 DIRECT BONDING OF
CERAMIC-CERAMIC COMPOSITES (CCCS) 679 14.5.4 WELDING OF CMCS AND CCCS
680 14.5.5 BRAZING OF CMCS AND CCCS 680 14.5.6 BONDING CMCS AND CCCS
WITH ADHESIVES OR CEMENTS AND MORTARS 680 14.6 JOINING CARBON, GRAPHITE,
OR CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES (CCCS) 680 14.6.1 DESCRIPTION OF
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS 680 XVIII CONTENTS 14.6.2 JOINING BY MECHANICAL
FASTENING AND INTEGRAL ATTACHMENT 684 14.6.3 JOINING BY BRAZING 684
14.6.4 JOINING BY ADHESIVE BONDING 686 14.7 JOINING CEMENT AND CONCRETE
686 14.8 JOINING WOOD: A NATURAL COMPOSITE 687 14.9 ACHIEVING MAXIMUM
INTEGRITY IN JOINTS BETWEEN COMPOSITES 691 SUMMARY 692 QUESTIONS AND
PROBLEMS 693 CITED REFERENCES 695 BIBLIOGRAPHY 695 15 JOINING DISSIMILAR
MATERIAL COMBINATIONS 697 15.1 INTRODUCTION 697 15.1.1 THE NEED FOR
JOINING DISSIMILAR MATERIALS 697 15.1.2 THE SPECIAL CHALLENGES OF
JOINING DISSIMILAR MATERIALS 699 15.2 LOGICAL AND ILLOGICAL COMBINATIONS
OF MATERIALS 701 15.3 JOINING METALS TO CERAMICS 702 15.3.1 GENERAL
COMMENTS ON THE CHALLENGES OF THIS COMBINATION 702 15.3.2 GENERAL
METHODS FOR JOINING METALS TO CERAMICS 704 15.3.3 MECHANICAL METHODS FOR
JOINING 704 15.3.4 DIRECT JOINING BY WELDING 705 15.3.5 INDIRECT BONDING
METHODS FOR JOINING 711 15.3.6 FUNCTIONAL GRADIENT MATERIALS (FGMS) AS
JOINTS 714 15.4 JOINING METALS TO GLASSES 714 15.4.1 GENERAL COMMENTS ON
THE CHALLENGES OF METAL-TO-GLASS JOINING 714 15.4.2 PROPERTIES OF
METAL-TO-GLASS SEALS 716 15.4.3 GLASSES USED FOR SEALING TO METALS 717
15.4.4 METHODS FOR PRODUCING METAL-TO-GLASS JOINTS AND SEALS 71 15.5
JOINING METALS TO POLYMERS 722 15.5.1 GENERAL COMMENTS ON CHALLENGES OF
JOINING METALS TO POLYMERS 722 15.5.2 METHODS FOR JOINING METALS TO
POLYMERS 723 15.6 JOINING METALS TO COMPOSITES 724 15.6.1 GENERAL
COMMENTS ON THE CHALLENGES FOR JOINING METALS TO COMPOSITES 724 15.6.2
JOINING METALS TO POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITES 726 15.6.3 JOINING METALS TO
METAL-MATRIX OR CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES 729 CONTENTS XIX 15.7 JOINING
OF CERAMICS TO POLYMERS 731 15.8 JOINING CERAMICS TO COMPOSITES 732
15.8.1 GENERAL COMMENTS ON THE CHALLENGES FOR JOINING CERAMICS TO
COMPOSITES 732 15.8.2 METHODS FOR JOINING CERAMICS TO VARIOUS COMPOSITES
732 15.9 JOINING POLYMERS TO POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITES 733 15.9.1
GENERAL COMMENTS ON THE CHALLENGES OF JOINING POLYMERS TO POLYMER-MATRIX
COMPOSITES 733 15.9.2 METHODS FOR JOINING POLYMERS TO POLYMER-MATRIX
COMPOSITES 734 15.10 JOINING WOOD TO OTHER MATERIALS 735 15.11 JOINING
CEMENT OR CONCRETE TO OTHER MATERIALS 736 15.12 LOGICAL AND ILLOGICAL
COMBINATIONS REVISITED 736 SUMMARY 736 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 739 CITED
REFERENCES 741 BIBLIOGRAPHY 741 16 JOINING STRUCTURES AND LIVING TISSUE
743 16.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE JOINING OF STRUCTURES AND LIVING TISSUE 743
16.2 THE CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH JOINING STRUCTURES 744 16.2.1
JOINING VERY LARGE STRUCTURES 744 16.2.2 JOINING VERY SMALL STRUCTURES
OR COMPONENTS 749 16.2.3 JOINING VERY THICK STRUCTURES OR COMPONENTS 750
16.2.4 JOINING VERY THIN STRUCTURES OR COMPONENTS 754 16.2.5 JOINING
THIN TO THICK COMPONENTS 756 16.3 THE CHALLENGES OF JOINING IN HOSTILE
ENVIRONMENTS 756 16.3.1 JOINING IN EXTREME COLD 758 16.3.2 JOINING
UNDERWATER 758 16.3.3 JOINING IN A RADIOACTIVE ENVIRONMENT 759 16.3.4
JOINING IN OUTER SPACE 760 16.4 JOINING LIVING TISSUE 761 16.4.1 LIVING
TISSUE AS A STRUCTURE AS OPPOSED TO AS A MATERIAL 761 16.4.2 LIVING
TISSUE REPAIR VERSUS IMPLANTATION OF NONLIVING MATERIALS 762 16.4.3
FUNDAMENTALS OF JOINING OR REGENERATION OF TISSUE 766 16.4.4 METHODS FOR
JOINING LIVING TISSUE 767 16.4.5 PROMOTING BIOCOMPATIBILITY AT
TISSUE-MATERIAL IMPLANT INTERFACES 770 SUMMARY 772 XX CONTENTS QUESTIONS
AND PROBLEMS 773 CITED REFERENCES 775 BIBLIOGRAPHY 775 INDEX 777
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Messler, Robert W. |
| author_facet | Messler, Robert W. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Messler, Robert W. |
| author_variant | r w m rw rwm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV019333866 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TA660 |
| callnumber-raw | TA660.J64 |
| callnumber-search | TA660.J64 |
| callnumber-sort | TA 3660 J64 |
| callnumber-subject | TA - General and Civil Engineering |
| classification_rvk | ZM 8400 |
| classification_tum | FER 500f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)56358628 (DE-599)BVBBV019333866 |
| dewey-full | 621.8/8 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 621 - Applied physics |
| dewey-raw | 621.8/8 |
| dewey-search | 621.8/8 |
| dewey-sort | 3621.8 18 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Maschinenbau / Maschinenwesen Fertigungstechnik Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV019333866 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:57:51Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0750677570 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-012798761 |
| oclc_num | 56358628 |
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| physical | XXIV, 790 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2004 |
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| publisher | Elsevier |
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| spelling | Messler, Robert W. Verfasser aut Joining of materials and structures from pragmatic process to enabling technology Robert W. Messler Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 2004 XXIV, 790 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hier auch spätere, unveränderte Nachdrucke Fasteners Joints (Engineering) Fügen (DE-588)4131313-6 gnd rswk-swf Fügen (DE-588)4131313-6 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch Darmstadt application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012798761&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Messler, Robert W. Joining of materials and structures from pragmatic process to enabling technology Fasteners Joints (Engineering) Fügen (DE-588)4131313-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4131313-6 |
| title | Joining of materials and structures from pragmatic process to enabling technology |
| title_auth | Joining of materials and structures from pragmatic process to enabling technology |
| title_exact_search | Joining of materials and structures from pragmatic process to enabling technology |
| title_full | Joining of materials and structures from pragmatic process to enabling technology Robert W. Messler |
| title_fullStr | Joining of materials and structures from pragmatic process to enabling technology Robert W. Messler |
| title_full_unstemmed | Joining of materials and structures from pragmatic process to enabling technology Robert W. Messler |
| title_short | Joining of materials and structures |
| title_sort | joining of materials and structures from pragmatic process to enabling technology |
| title_sub | from pragmatic process to enabling technology |
| topic | Fasteners Joints (Engineering) Fügen (DE-588)4131313-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Fasteners Joints (Engineering) Fügen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012798761&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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