Thirsty planet: strategies for sustainable water management
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Zed Books
2004
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 302 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1842772430 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804132745169862656 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Thirsty planet
Autor: Hunt, Constance Elizabeth
Jahr: 2004
Contents
List of Figures and Tables ix
Glossary xiii
Introduction 1
1 Riding the Water Cycle: Water Cycle Dynamics and
Freshwater Ecosystems 5
Water Cycle Mechanics 5
Non-living Components of the Water Cycle 6
The Living Components of the Water Cycle 13
Completing the Cycle 23
The Value of the Water Cycle and Freshwater Ecosystems 23
Internal Ecosystem Dynamics 23
Services Rendered 24
Freshwater Ecosystem Values 29
Conclusion 33
2 Spiralling Towards a Crisis: Water Use and
Growing Shortages 37
Water s Role in Human Civilization 37
Water Use in Ancient Times 38
Water Availability and Use in Modern Times 40
A Global Water Crisis? 48
Supply Side Solutions: Stretching the Water Cycle 51
Conclusion 57
3 To Feed the World: Food Supply and the Water Cycle 62
Status and Trends in Global Food Production 63
Status of the Rate of Growth in Food Production 63
How Much Water Will We Need for Food? 66
Green Revolution Technologies and Their Repercussions 67
Irrigation 68
Artificial Fertilizers 70
Pesticides 72
Declines in Wild Fisheries 74
How to Keep Food Growing and Water Flowing 79
Sustainable Agriculture, or Agroecology 80
Wild Fisheries 89
Conclusion 91
A Thirsty Planet: Water Supply and Sanitation in
a Water-short World 96
Water Paucity and Plenty: The Great Divide 96
Sources of Scarcity 97
Inefficient Water Use 97
Hydrological Alterations 100
Desertification 101
Pollutants 103
Pathogens 107
Improving Our Performance 108
Water Conservation 109
Pollution Prevention 114
Environmental Monitoring and the Use of Bioindicators 115
Restoring Landscape Functions 116
Using Locally Appropriate Technologies 118
Wastewater Recycling and Re-use 124
Conclusion 125
When It Rains, It Pours: Water Management for Hood
Damage Reduction 131
The Nature and History of Floods 131
Increasing Flood Hazards 135
Increasing Vulnerability 136
The Flood Control Concept 138
Levees and Polders 138
Channelization 140
Dams 142
Shifts Towards a Holistic Approach to Flood Management 145
Adaptation 146
Non-structural Flood Damage Reduction 147
Flood Damage Reduction through Ecosystem Restoration 153
Adaptive Management 154
Conclusion 155
() Arteries of Commerce: Inland Waterways and
the Water Cycle 160
Building the Water Highways 161
The Birth of Inland Na vi gat ion 161
Current Status of Inland Navigation Systems 162
Effects of Inland Waterway Construction and Operation on
the Water Cycle 166
Inland Waterway Construction 166
Inland Waterway Operation and Maintenance 174
Navigating Gently 180
Making Better Use of Information 180
Improving Intermodal Interfaces 181
Improving Barge Design for Environmental Compatibility 182
Watershed and Channel Management to Reduce Siltation 183
Maintaining Natural Flow Regimes in Navigable Rivers 185
Maintaining Environmental Windows 186
Making Beneficial Use of Dredged Material 187
Conclusion 187
7 A Warmer World: The Interrelationships Between
Global Warming and the Water Cycle 192
The Nature of the Greenhouse Effect 192
Effects of Global Warming on the Water Cycle, Aquatic
Ecosystems and People 196
Climatic Changes 196
Changes in Aquatic Ecosystems 199
Likely Effects of Global Warming on Human Water Uses 203
Pseudo-solutions 204
Hydropower: No Net Loss of Greenhouse Gases 205
Nuclear Energy: No Net Gain of Environmental Protection 207
Carbon Sequestration: Breaking Even and Paying for it 208
New Generation 212
Increasing Energy Efficiency 212
Investing in Renewable Resources 215
Conclusion 222
3 When the Water Cycle Breaks Down: The Potential
for Restoration 228
Freshwater Ecosystems on the Brink 229
Protection 230
Maintaining Ecological Processes 230
Restoration 233
Restoring Processes 235
Contemporary Principles of Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration 239
Restoration of Specific Aquatic Ecosystem Types 244
Understanding the Limits 253
Conclusion 254
Q Avenues of Governance: Institutional Options for
Protecting the Water Cycle 258
Binding Agreements: Treaties 259
The Ramsar Convention 261
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-
navigational Uses of International Watercourses 268
Non-binding Agreements 271
The World Commission on Dams 271
The World Water Vision 275
Free Trade and Market Forces 281
GATT, GATS and the WTO 282
The World Bank and International Monetary Fund 284
Markets and Pricing 287
Conclusion 288
Index 293
Figures and Tables
FIGURES
1.1 The Mechanics of the Water Cycle 7
2.1 Global Population, Water Withdrawal and Consumption 41
2.2 Predicted Water Stress and Scarcity, 2050 49
3.1 Adult Returns of Wild Salmon to the Uppermost Dam on the
Snake River below Hells Canyon 76
5.1 Flood Control Expenditure and Costs of Rood Damage in
the US, 1935-85 137
7.1 Impacts of Climate Change on the Hydrological System 196
8.1 Trends in Global Indices of Species Population for the Forest,
Freshwater and Marine Biomes, 1970-2000 231
9.1 Trends in Numbers of Ramsar-listed Sites Compared with
Montreux-listed Sites 267
9.2 Suitable Projects Not Supported by the Small Grant Fund Due to
Inadequate Funding 267
TABLES
1.1 Annual Water Balance of Continents and Oceans 10
2.1 Distribution of Water on Earth 42
2.2 Global Runoff and Population, by Continent, 1995 43
2.3 Global Withdrawal and Consumption of Water in Different
Sectors, 1995 45
2.4 Large Dams and Storage Capacity of Large Reservoirs, by Continent 53
3.1 Annual Cereal Crop Yield Growth Rates, 1970s-1990s 64
3.2 World Production of Some Persistent Organic Pesticides 73
4.1 Daily Average Household Water Use per Person in Industrial Countries 99
4.2 World-wide Deaths from Water-related Diseases, 1998 107
4.3 Examples of Water-saving Fixtures for Households 113
4.4 Fog Water Production at Three Sites 120
IX
X FIGURES AND TABLES
5.1 Great Flood Disasters, 1950-98 134
5.2 Deaths from Major Flood Events, 1990-8 135
5.3 Percentage Failure Rate of Dam Types, 1831-1965 143
6.1 Emissions (Pounds [Kilograms]) Produced in Moving 1 Short Ton
(0.91 Metric Tons) of Cargo 1,000 Miles (1,609.34 Kilometres) 165
7.1 Fluxes of Greenhouse Gases from Ecosystems 193
7.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Reservoirs in Brazil and Canada
Compared with Fossil Fuel Emission 205
7.3 Trends in Energy Use, by Source, 1990-7 216
9.1 Dates of Adoption of and Current Numbers of Contracting Parties
to Major Environmental Treaties 265
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| spelling | Hunt, Constance Elizabeth Verfasser aut Thirsty planet strategies for sustainable water management Constance Elizabeth Hunt New York Zed Books 2004 XIV, 302 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Wasserkreislauf (DE-588)4189218-5 gnd rswk-swf Wasserversorgung (DE-588)4064811-4 gnd rswk-swf Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd rswk-swf Wassernutzung (DE-588)4138608-5 gnd rswk-swf Wasserkreislauf (DE-588)4189218-5 s Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 s DE-604 Wasserversorgung (DE-588)4064811-4 s Wassernutzung (DE-588)4138608-5 s DE-188 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/hol041/2003066097.html Table of contents HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012792550&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hunt, Constance Elizabeth Thirsty planet strategies for sustainable water management Wasserkreislauf (DE-588)4189218-5 gnd Wasserversorgung (DE-588)4064811-4 gnd Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd Wassernutzung (DE-588)4138608-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4189218-5 (DE-588)4064811-4 (DE-588)4326464-5 (DE-588)4138608-5 |
| title | Thirsty planet strategies for sustainable water management |
| title_auth | Thirsty planet strategies for sustainable water management |
| title_exact_search | Thirsty planet strategies for sustainable water management |
| title_full | Thirsty planet strategies for sustainable water management Constance Elizabeth Hunt |
| title_fullStr | Thirsty planet strategies for sustainable water management Constance Elizabeth Hunt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thirsty planet strategies for sustainable water management Constance Elizabeth Hunt |
| title_short | Thirsty planet |
| title_sort | thirsty planet strategies for sustainable water management |
| title_sub | strategies for sustainable water management |
| topic | Wasserkreislauf (DE-588)4189218-5 gnd Wasserversorgung (DE-588)4064811-4 gnd Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd Wassernutzung (DE-588)4138608-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Wasserkreislauf Wasserversorgung Nachhaltigkeit Wassernutzung |
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