Immunotoxicology of drugs and chemicals: an experimental and clinical approach 1 Principles and methods of immunotoxicology
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier
2004
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| Edition: | 3. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVI, 398 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0444510931 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Descotes, Jacques |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Immunotoxicology of drugs and chemicals |b an experimental and clinical approach |n 1 |p Principles and methods of immunotoxicology |c J. Descotes |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Elsevier |c 2004 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 398 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 650 | 2 | |a Allergologie et immunologie | |
| 650 | 2 | |a Immunité - action des médicaments et substances chimiques | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Immunotoxicologie |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Médicaments - Toxicologie |2 ram | |
| 650 | 2 | |a Polluants de l'environnement - toxicité | |
| 650 | 2 | |a Toxicité des médicaments | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804132742465585152 |
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| adam_text | Preface vii
Chapter 1
Definition, history, and scope of immunotoxicology
Definition of immunotoxicology 2
A short history of immunotoxicology 3
First phase: the prehistorical phase 4
Second phase: the birth of immunotoxicology 5
Third phase: the scope of immunotoxicology widens 6
Fourth phase: immunotoxicology comes of age 7
Fifth phase: the future of immunotoxicology 8
The scope of immunotoxicology 9
Immunosuppression 9
Immunostimulation 11
Hypersensitivity 12
Autoimmunity 13
References 13
Chapter 2
The immune system: a toxicologist s overview
Introduction 19
The lymphoid organs 21
Central lymphoid organs 21
Peripheral lymphoid organs 23
Immunocompetent cells 24
Lymphocytes 25
Phagocytes 27
Other immunocompetent cells 28
Innate (natural) immunity 31
Components of innate immunity 31
Recognition of pathogen specific molecular patterns 35
Inflammation 35
Adaptive (specific) immunity 36
Cell cell interactions 36
Humoral immunity 37
Cellular immunity 39
ix
x Contents
External influences on the immune system 45
Psychoneuroimmunology 45
Interactions between the nervous, endocrine and immune systems 46
Age and immunocompetence 48
Implications for immunotoxicity evaluation 48
Conclusion 49
References 49
Chapter 3
Health consequences of immunotoxic effects
Introduction 55
Immunosuppression 55
Impaired resistance against microbial pathogens 56
Immunosuppression and malignancies 59
Other adverse effects related to immunosuppression 63
Immunosuppression vs. immunodepression 64
Immunostimulation 66
Flu like reactions 66
Increased incidence of autoimmune diseases 67
Hypersensitivity reactions to varied allergens 67
Inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes 68
Other complications associated with immunostimulation 70
Hypersensitivity 70
Epidemiology 71
Clinical signs and symptoms 71
Diagnosis 83
Pseudoallergy 87
Autoimmunity 88
Incidence of autoimmune diseases and autoimmune reactions 88
Systemic autoimmune reactions 88
Organ specific autoimmune reactions 91
Isolated autoantibodies 96
Conclusion 97
References 97
Chapter 4
Mechanisms of immunotoxic effects
Introduction 127
Mechanisms of immunosuppression 128
Introduction 128
Contents xi
Nonspecific mechanisms 129
Antigen specific mechanisms 130
Mechanisms of immunostimulation 131
Introduction 131
Flu like reactions and acute cytokine syndromes 131
Autoimmune diseases and immunostimulation 132
Inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes 132
Mechanisms of hypersensitivity reactions 133
Introduction 133
Immune mediated hypersensitivity reactions 134
Pseudoallergic hypersensitivity reactions 143
Mechanisms of autoimmune reactions 145
Pathophysiological hypotheses 146
Predisposing factors 148
Structure immunotoxicity relationships 149
Conclusion 149
References 149
Chapter 5
Nonclinical evaluation of unexpected immunosuppression
Introduction 163
Histopathology 163
Conventional histology examination 164
Histology of lymphoid organs 165
Hematology and clinical chemistry 170
Blood cell counts 170
Bone marrow toxicity 171
Lymphocyte subset analysis 171
Serum immunoglobulins 172
Measurement of humoral immunity 173
General considerations 173
The PFC assay 174
ELISA 176
ELISPOT 177
Measurement of cellular immunity 177
In vivo animal models 177
Lymphocyte proliferation assays 179
T lymphocyte cytotoxicity assays 180
Cytokine assays 181
Measurement of innate immunity 182
Phagocytosis 182
xii Contents
Chemotaxis 184
NK cell activity 184
Complement 186
Host resistance models 186
Experimental infection models 186
Implanted tumor models 189
Conclusion 189
References 189
Chapter 6
Nonclinical evaluation of unexpected immunostimulation
Introduction 205
Histopathology 205
Hematology and clinical chemistry 206
Immune function assays 206
Cytokine release assays 207
Host resistance models 207
Experimental infection models 208
Animal models of autoimmune diseases 208
Conclusion 212
References 213
Chapter 7
Nonclinical evaluation of the potential for hypersensitivity
Introduction 219
Prediction of immune mediated hypersensitivity 220
Prediction of IgE mediated hypersensitivity reactions 220
Prediction of T lymphocyte mediated hypersensivity reactions 224
Pseudoallergy 232
Conclusion 233
References 233
Chapter 8
Nonclinical evaluation of the potential for autoimmunity
Introduction 243
Systemic autoimmune reactions 243
Animal models of systemic autoimmune reactions 243
The popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) 244
Organ specific autoimmune reactions 250
Contents xiii
Conclusion 251
References 251
Chapter 9
Regulatory aspects of immunotoxicity evaluation
Introduction 257
Early immunotoxicity regulations 257
First EPA guideline on pesticide immunotoxicity 258
Commission of the European Communities 259
Japanese drug antigenicity guideline 260
FDA Red Book II 260
Recent immunotoxicity guidelines 260
OECD Guideline 407 261
Second EPA guideline on pesticide immunotoxicity 261
ICH guideline on the preclinical safety evaluation of biotechnology
derived Pharmaceuticals 262
EMEA concept paper on immunotoxicity 262
FDA CDRH immunotoxicity testing guidance 262
CPMP note for guidance on repeated dose toxicity 263
FDA guidance on immunotoxicology evaluation of investigational new drugs 264
Conclusion 264
References 266
Chapter 10
Nonclinical strategies of immunotoxicity evaluation and risk assessment
Introduction 269
Good laboratory practices in immunotoxicology 269
Impact of animal related factors on immunity 270
Standardization of reagents and assays 272
Strategies for the prediction of immunosuppression 272
General considerations 273
Selection of assays 277
Strategies for the prediction of immunostimulation 280
Strategies for the prediction of hypersensitivity 280
Strategies for the prediction of autoimmune reactions 281
Risk assessment 281
Definitions and concept 281
Immunotoxicity risk assessment 282
Conclusion 284
References 284
xiv Contents
Chapter 11
Clinical immunotoxicology
Introduction 295
Objectives of clinical immunotoxicology 295
Identification of immunotoxicants in human beings 296
Surveillance of at risk humans exposed to immunotoxicants 297
Validation of nonclinical immunotoxicity assays and animal models 297
Clinical assessment of immunotoxicity 298
Clinical immunology end points to assess humoral immunity 298
Clinical immunology end points to assess cellular immunity 298
Clinical immunology end points to assess nonspecific immunity 300
Biomarkers of immunotoxicity 300
Immune end points adopted by the ATSDR 301
Recommendations of the US National Research Council 301
Environmental epidemiology studies 302
Experimental vs. observational epidemiological methods 302
Use of epidemiological studies in immunotoxicity assessment 302
Disease clusters and sentinel diseases 303
Disease clusters 304
Sentinel events 304
Conclusion 305
References 305
Chapter 12
Immunotherapy of human poisonings
Introduction 311
Experimental studies 312
Medicinal products 312
Industrial and environmental chemicals 313
Clinical studies 315
Immunotherapy of envenomations 315
Digitalis 316
Tricyclic antidepressants 317
Colchicine 31g
Vaccines for the treatment of drug dependence 318
Mechanism of specific antibodies efficacy 320
Conclusion 321
References 321
Contents xv
Chapter 13
Chemical immunoteratology and developmental immunotoxicology
Introduction 327
Immunity in newboms 328
Chemical teratogens and the immune system 329
Morphological changes in lymphoid organs induced by teratogens 329
Reproduction toxicity assessment of immunopharmaceuticals 329
Nonclinical assessment of developmental immunotoxicity 330
Developmental immunotoxicants 331
Drugs as developmental immunotoxicants 331
Chemicals as developmental immunotoxicants 337
Conclusion 343
References 344
Chapter 14
Immunotoxicity and wildlife
Introduction 355
Immunotoxicity in fish 355
Fish immune system and diseases 356
Immunotoxicity studies in fish 356
Immunotoxicity of chemicals in fish 357
Immunotoxicology in marine mammals 358
Seals 358
Dolphins 358
Whales 359
Immunotoxicity in birds 359
Conclusion 359
References 359
Chapter 15
New methods in immunotoxicology
Introduction 363
Enhanced pathology 363
Immunohistochemistry 364
Computerized processing and image analysis 364
In situ hybridization 365
In situ polymerase chain reaction 365
In vitro immunotoxicology 365
General considerations 366
xvi Contents
In vitro assays for the prediction of unexpected immunosuppression 367
In vitro assays for the prediction of unexpected immunostimulation 368
In vitro assays for the prediction of contact hypersensitivity 368
In silico immunotoxicology 369
Molecular immunotoxicology 369
Microarray analysis 369
New animal models 370
Immunodeficient mouse models 370
Genetically modified animals 371
Computational immunotoxicology 371
Conclusion 372
References 372
Chapter 16
Classification of immunotoxicants
Introduction 379
Selected criteria 379
Potential consequences of exposure to immunotoxicants 380
Reliability and magnitude of available data 381
Proposed classification 382
Group 1: unclassifiable xenobiotics 382
Group 2: possibly immunotoxic xenobiotics 382
Group 3: probably immunotoxic xenobiotics 382
Group 4: certainly immunotoxic xenobiotics 382
Group 5: nonimmunotoxic xenobiotics 382
Examples 383
Discussion 383
References 385
List of Abbreviations 387
Index 389
|
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| isbn | 0444510931 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XVI, 398 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| spelling | Descotes, Jacques Verfasser aut Immunotoxicology of drugs and chemicals an experimental and clinical approach 1 Principles and methods of immunotoxicology J. Descotes 3. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 2004 XVI, 398 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Allergologie et immunologie Immunité - action des médicaments et substances chimiques Immunotoxicologie ram Médicaments - Toxicologie ram Polluants de l'environnement - toxicité Toxicité des médicaments Toxicologie Écotoxicologie ram (DE-604)BV019323499 1 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012790727&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Descotes, Jacques Immunotoxicology of drugs and chemicals an experimental and clinical approach Allergologie et immunologie Immunité - action des médicaments et substances chimiques Immunotoxicologie ram Médicaments - Toxicologie ram Polluants de l'environnement - toxicité Toxicité des médicaments Toxicologie Écotoxicologie ram |
| title | Immunotoxicology of drugs and chemicals an experimental and clinical approach |
| title_auth | Immunotoxicology of drugs and chemicals an experimental and clinical approach |
| title_exact_search | Immunotoxicology of drugs and chemicals an experimental and clinical approach |
| title_full | Immunotoxicology of drugs and chemicals an experimental and clinical approach 1 Principles and methods of immunotoxicology J. Descotes |
| title_fullStr | Immunotoxicology of drugs and chemicals an experimental and clinical approach 1 Principles and methods of immunotoxicology J. Descotes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunotoxicology of drugs and chemicals an experimental and clinical approach 1 Principles and methods of immunotoxicology J. Descotes |
| title_short | Immunotoxicology of drugs and chemicals |
| title_sort | immunotoxicology of drugs and chemicals an experimental and clinical approach principles and methods of immunotoxicology |
| title_sub | an experimental and clinical approach |
| topic | Allergologie et immunologie Immunité - action des médicaments et substances chimiques Immunotoxicologie ram Médicaments - Toxicologie ram Polluants de l'environnement - toxicité Toxicité des médicaments Toxicologie Écotoxicologie ram |
| topic_facet | Allergologie et immunologie Immunité - action des médicaments et substances chimiques Immunotoxicologie Médicaments - Toxicologie Polluants de l'environnement - toxicité Toxicité des médicaments Toxicologie Écotoxicologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012790727&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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