Research in the chemical industry: the environment, objectives and strategy
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier
1969
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 298 S. |
| ISBN: | 0444200355 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Baines, Albert |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Research in the chemical industry |b the environment, objectives and strategy |c by A. Baines ; F. R. Bradbury ; C. W. Suckling |
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Elsevier |c 1969 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 298 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Chemische industrie |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chimie industrielle - Recherche | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Génie chimique - Recherche | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Research and Development |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemical engineering |x Research | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemistry, Technical |x Research | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bradbury, Frank R. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Suckling, Charles W. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804132731134672896 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | RESEARCH
IN THE
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
The Environment, Objectives and Strategy
by
A BAINES
F R BRADBURY
C W SUCKLING
ELSEVIER PUBLISHING COMPANY LTD
AMSTERDAM — LONDON — NEW YORK
CONTENTS
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1
THE INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT
1 1 Industrial research
12Business
13Constraints
14 Research pay-off
1 5 Industrial research
1 6 Creative work
17Techniques
Chapter 2
THE RESEARCH REMIT
21Introduction
22 Improving plant performance
2 3 Devising new processes
23 A New products
232 Existing products
233 Utilisation of by-products
234 Assessment of candidates
2 4 Discovering new products
241 Guide-lines to search
242 Chemical industry sells effects
243 Target research
244 Field of science
245 Where to look
2451 Technology
2452 Market
2453 Raw materials
2454 Manpower
2 5 Discovering new uses
2 6 Supporting sales
261 Technical service and research
;262 Ideas for new products
xiii
xv
vi Contents
2 7 Background research
271 Value of bask research
272 Freedom of choice
273 Laboratory and real-life systems
2 8 Contributing to planning
2 9 Building the image
2 10 Recruitment
2 11 Services
Chapter 3
RESEARCH ECONOMICS
31Profitability
311 Financial yield
312 Social and commercial factors
3 2 How much research ?
33Allocation
331 Product life sequence
332Mobility
333 Process work and exploration
334Invention
335 How much to each project?
336 Project evaluation
337 Uncertainties
3 4 Hierarchy of ends and means
3 5 Research economics: an example
351 Improved yield
352 Fewer catalyst changes
353 Improved plant availability
354 Estimations of values and costs
355 Payback period
356 Sensitivity analysis
357 Rate of return
3 6 Measurement of profitability
361 Cash flow
362 Present worth
363 Actuarial return
3 7 Aids to evaluation
371Networks
372 Project rating models
373 Risk analysis
Chapter 4
THE TACTICS OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
4 1 The basic problem
42Search
Contents vii
4 3 Four screening tests 87
431 Drugs 8 7
432 Catalysts 90
433 Polymers 9 7
434Narcotics 102
4 4 Properties of screens 104
441 Target definition 1 0 4
442 Width of spectrum 105
443 Mesh size 106
444 Quantitative content 106
445 Degree of abstraction and sufficiency 1 0 7
4 5 Pathology of screens • 1 0 8
451 Lack of realism 108
452 Inaccuracy 1 0 9
453Inefficiency 109
4 6 Case histories 1 1 0
461 Polythene 1 1 0
462 Paraquat • 112
463 Phthalocyanine pigments • 1 1 4
464 Halothane 1 1 6
4 7 Analysis of case histories 121
471 Existence of compounds 121
472 Bringing a compound to test 122
473Recognition 122
474 Discovery and invention 124
4 8 Search strategies • 1 2 6
481 Random screening 126
482 The rational approach 127
483 Modification and imitation 128
4 9 When to quit 1 2 8
4 10 Selling the invention 1 2 9
Chapter 5
PROCESS DISCOVERY
51Introduction 130
5 2 The problem of selection 130
5 3 Generating ideas 132
531 The chemical literature 1 3 3
532 The patent literature 134
533 Critical examination 134
5 4 Economic and technological screening 1 3 6
541 Economic tests 1 3 8
5411 Coarse screening 139
5412 Quick costing methods 139
542 Cost models 1 4 0
543 Thermodynamic calculations 145
viii Contents
5 5 Laboratory studies
551Analysis
56Statistics
561 The chemist s dilemma
562 Statistics and chemical research
563 Strategy of experimentation
564 Statistics of analysis
565 Model testing
566 Automation of experiments
5 7 Project appraisal
5 8 Information retrieval
59Patents
Chapter 6
PROCESS DEFINITION AND DEVELOPMENT (1)
61Introduction
62Scale-up
621 Fire and explosion
6211 Elimination sources of ignition
6212 Control within safe limits
6213 Design to withstand explosion
6214 Conditions
622Toxicity
623Effluents
624Rate
625 Heat
626Agitation
627 Materials of construction
6271 Corrosion
628 Materials handling
629 Time •
6 3 Conversion, efficiency and yield
6 4 Analysis
65Costs
651Capital
652 Raw material
6 6 The plant in its environment
661Complexity
662 Staffing
663Integration
67 Approaches and methods
671 Interdisciplinary teams
672 Qualitative and quantitative variables
673 Lost degrees of freedom
674 Cost of error
68Programme
Contents ix
Chapter 1
PROCESS DEFINITION AND DEVELOPMENT (2)
71Introduction 189
7 2 Models 189
721 Varieties 1 8 9
722 Construction 1 9 0
7221A kinetic model 192
7222 Rate constants 194
7223 Theoretical or empirical? 196
723 Line diagram 197
724 Quantities flowsheet 1 9 7
725 Computerised flowsheet 200
73Reactors 200
731 Batch 201
732 Continuous tubular 201
733 Continuous stirred tank 202
734 Choice 202
7 4 Systems engineering 203
7 5 Solution of models 204
751 Algebraic method 2 0 4
752 Analogue computer 205
753 Digital computer 206
7 6 Use of process models • • 207
761 Process definition and plant design 2 0 7
762 Plant operation 209
763Training 209
764 Improvement of methodology 2 1 2
7 7 Networks and other aids 212
771 Critical path schedules 212
772 Networks for research and development 2 1 4
773 Critical evaluation 217
78Conclusion 218
Chapter 8
THE SEMI-TECHNICAL AND THE FULL-SCALE PLANT
8 1 Introduction—S T plants 2 2 3
8 2 Functions of S T plant 224
8 3 Laboratory limitations in scale-up problems 2 2 6
8 4 Extending technology 2 2 7
8 5 The effect of separation stages on S T requirements 229
8 6 Viability and design information 230
8 7 Continuous operation and scale-up • 2 3 1
871 Analysis 232
X Contents
88ST plant design • • • 233
8 9 Vessel size 233
8 10 What can be omitted? 2 3 6
8 11 Optimising design 2 3 7
8 12 The similarity principle 238
8 13 Critical evaluation 2 3 9
8 14 S T plant hazards 240
8 15 S T plant operation 2 4 0
8 15 1 Commissioning 2 4 1
8 15 2 Programme of work 2 4 1
8 15 3 Computer control 242
8 16 Full-scale plant—start-up 243
8 16 1 The start-up team 2 4 4
8 16 2 Programme 2 4 5
8 16 3 Acceptance tests 2 4 6
8 16 4 Operating instructions, log sheets and safety schedules 246
8 16 5 Checking and training 247
8 16 6 Computer trials 248
8 16 7 Analytical procedures 248
8 16 8 Dummy runs 2 4 8
8 17 Computer control of plants 249
8 17 1 Direct digital control 249
8 17 2 Improving plant performance 2 5 0
8 17 3 Data presentation 2 5 1
8 17 4Alarms 252
8 17 5 Improved control 253
8 17 6 Simplified models 254
8 18 Conclusion 2 5 4
Chapter 9
RESEARCH SUPPORT FOR THE PLANT
91Introduction • • • • • • 256
9 2 Objectives 257
9 3 Increasing plant output 2 5 7
931 Principles 258
932 Emotional difficulties 2 6 0
933 Unsteady running 2 6 0
9 4 Some limiting factors 2 6 1
941 Chemical inefficiency 2 6 1
942 Kinetic or thermodynamic control 2 6 3
943 Understanding the process 2 6 3
944 Physical loss 2 6 4
945 Inputs short 265
946 Plant downtime 2 6 5
947 Bottlenecks 266
948 Quality failure—specifications 2 6 7
949 Specification review 2 6 9
Contents xi
9 5 Identification of significant variables 270
951 Quality control charts 270
952 Cumulative sum charts 2 7 2
9 6 Plant experiments 2 7 3
961 Specifying the experiment 274
962 Sequential experiments 275
9 7 Safety 2 7 6
971 The risk of accident 2 7 6
9 8 The works environment 277
981 /VERY TOWERS 278
982Communication 279
983 Plant modification 280
984 Shift working 281
9 9 Location of teams 2 8 2
991 The works laboratory 2 8 3
992 Commando teams 284
993 Composition of works experimental sections 284
9 10 Works experience 2 8 5
REFERENCES 287
INDEX 291
|
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| id | DE-604.BV019315961 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:57:29Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0444200355 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-012783511 |
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| physical | XVI, 298 S. |
| psigel | TUB-nb |
| publishDate | 1969 |
| publishDateSearch | 1969 |
| publishDateSort | 1969 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Baines, Albert Verfasser aut Research in the chemical industry the environment, objectives and strategy by A. Baines ; F. R. Bradbury ; C. W. Suckling Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 1969 XVI, 298 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Chemische industrie gtt Chimie industrielle - Recherche Génie chimique - Recherche Research and Development gtt Chemical engineering Research Chemistry, Technical Research Bradbury, Frank R. Verfasser aut Suckling, Charles W. Verfasser aut HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012783511&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Baines, Albert Bradbury, Frank R. Suckling, Charles W. Research in the chemical industry the environment, objectives and strategy Chemische industrie gtt Chimie industrielle - Recherche Génie chimique - Recherche Research and Development gtt Chemical engineering Research Chemistry, Technical Research |
| title | Research in the chemical industry the environment, objectives and strategy |
| title_auth | Research in the chemical industry the environment, objectives and strategy |
| title_exact_search | Research in the chemical industry the environment, objectives and strategy |
| title_full | Research in the chemical industry the environment, objectives and strategy by A. Baines ; F. R. Bradbury ; C. W. Suckling |
| title_fullStr | Research in the chemical industry the environment, objectives and strategy by A. Baines ; F. R. Bradbury ; C. W. Suckling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research in the chemical industry the environment, objectives and strategy by A. Baines ; F. R. Bradbury ; C. W. Suckling |
| title_short | Research in the chemical industry |
| title_sort | research in the chemical industry the environment objectives and strategy |
| title_sub | the environment, objectives and strategy |
| topic | Chemische industrie gtt Chimie industrielle - Recherche Génie chimique - Recherche Research and Development gtt Chemical engineering Research Chemistry, Technical Research |
| topic_facet | Chemische industrie Chimie industrielle - Recherche Génie chimique - Recherche Research and Development Chemical engineering Research Chemistry, Technical Research |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012783511&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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