HIV, AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa: the costs of inaction
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, DC
World Bank
2003
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Orientations in development series
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | "This volume is the product of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the World Health Organization (Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office), and the World Bank"--P. [4] of cover. - Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xxii, 173 p. ill. |
| ISBN: | 0821355783 |
Internformat
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| 490 | 0 | |a Orientations in development series | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Infections à VIH - Afrique du Nord | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Infections à VIH - Moyen-Orient | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sida - Afrique du Nord | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sida - Moyen-Orient | |
| 650 | 4 | |a AIDS (Disease) |z Africa, North | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |z Africa, Northern | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |z Middle East | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HIV Infections |z Africa, Northern | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HIV Infections |z Middle East | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HIV infections |z Africa, North | |
| 650 | 4 | |a HIV infections |z Middle East | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface ix
Acronyms and Abbreviations xi
Executive Summary xiii
Introduction 1
1. Global Experience with HIV/AIDS 3
Note 11
2. Review of the HIV/AIDS Situation in the
MENA/EM Region 13
Need for Second Generation Surveillance 17
Notes 20
3. A Typology of Risk Factors 25
At Risk Groups 25
Injecting Drug Users 26
Sex Workers ^
Men Who Have Sex with Men 31
Vulnerable Groups ^
Migrants
Youth 36
STI/STD Patients 4°
Structural Vulnerability ^
Notes 45
4. Assessing the Potential Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS
in the MENA/EM Region 47
Exploratory Analysis of the Socioeconomic Determinants of
HIV/AIDS Prevalence Levels 48
Potential Socioeconomic Consequences of the HIV/AIDS
Epidemic 52
Impacts on Health Expenditures 61
Implications for Poverty Reduction 62
Policy Implications 64
Notes 67
5. Responses to HIV/AIDS 69
National Health Systems 70
Other Sectors 73
International and Local Nongovernmental Organizations 74
Private Sector 77
United Nations Agencies 77
Bilateral Donors 79
6. A Way Forward 81
Raising the Priority of HIV/AIDS 81
Reaching Hidden Populations 84
Reducing the Vulnerability of Migrants 86
Providing Practical Information and Means of Prevention 87
Reducing the Vulnerability of Youth 88
Care and Support 88
Structural Factors 89
Working with Communities 89
Monitoring and Evaluation 90
The Time Required 90
Financing the Effort 90
Immediate Next Steps 91
Technical Appendix 93
References 131
Index 169
Boxes
1.1 Nepal: Too Little, Too Late 6
1.2 Overlooking the Epidemic: The Case of Indonesia 7
1.3 HIV Behavioral Research in a Conservative Society:
Experience in Bangladesh 9
2.1 HIV Epidemic Profiles in the MENA/EM Region 19
3.1 Injecting Drug Users in Egypt 28
3.2 Men Who Have Sex with Men, in Egypt 32
3.3 Young People in Egypt 39
5.1 Situation and Needs Assessment in the Republic
of Yemen 72
5.2 VCT and Harm Reduction Programs in the Islamic
Republic of Iran 75
5.3 Tunisia: Youth and Condoms 76
6.1 Strategic Planning for HIV/AIDS in Morocco 82
6.2 Reaching MSM in Morocco and Bangladesh 85
Figures
1.1 The Hidden Epidemic in Nepal: HIV Prevalence
among Injecting Drug Users and Sex Workers in
Kathmandu 5
1.2 HIV Prevalence in Blood Donors in Indonesia 8
2.1 Total Reported AIDS Cases per 100,000 People in
Selected Countries in the MENA/EM Region, with
East African Comparisons 14
3.1 Evolution of the Seroprevalence of HTV among Bar
Hostesses and Sex Workers between 1987 and 1996
in Djibouti 31
3.2 Estimated Annual Incidence of STIs: Africa,
Middle East, and Djibouti 42
4.1 Poverty, Inequality, and HTV/AIDS Prevalence 49
4.2 Gender Inequality and HTV/AIDS Prevalence 51
4.3 Potential Underestimation of Current HIV/AIDS
Prevalence in Selected MENA/EM Countries 53
4.4 HTV/AIDS Prevalence and Worker Turnover 54
4.5 Annual Cost of Treating an AIDS Patient versus
Annual Cost of Primary Education 55
4.6 A Model of Growth to Evaluate the Macroeconomic
Impacts of HIV/AIDS 57
4.7 Dlustration of Diffusion Profiles for the HTV/AIDS
Epidemic in MENA/EM Countries 58
4.8 Jordan: Plausible Predictions for HTV/AIDS Prevalence 59
4.9 HTV/AIDS Related Average Health Expenditures
in 2015 62
4.10 Number of People in the MENA/EM Region Who
Would Remain below the Poverty Line as a
Consequence of HIV 64
4.11 Benefits from Expanding Access to Condoms and
Safe Needles for IDUs and Costs of Delaying Action 66
A. 1 Distribution of GDP Losses (2000 2 5) Resulting
from the HIV/AIDS Epidemic 110
A.2 Distribution of Reductions in the GDP Growth Rate
(2000 25) Resulting from the HIV/AIDS Epidemic 113
A. 3 Distribution of Reductions in the Labor Force
in 2025 116
A.4 Distribution of the HIV/AIDS Prevalence Level
in 2015 119
A.5 Distribution of HIV/AIDS Related Health
Expenditures in 2015 122
Tables
1.1 Global Regional Variation in HIV Prevalence,
December 2002 4
2.1 Reported AIDS Cases in the MENA/EM Region,
1987 2001 15
2.2 Profiles of the HIV/AIDS Epidemics in Countries
of the MENA/EM Region 21
3.1 Selected Indicators of Development by Country and
Human Development Index 43
4.1 Population Living on Less than US $2 a Day, by Region 50
4.2 Economic Impacts of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic 60
A.1 Estimates of Model 1 94
A.2 Estimates of Model 2, Excluding Female
Participation in the Labor Force 94
A.3 Estimates of Model 2, Including Female
Participation in the Labor Force 95
A.4 Model Parameters 104
A.5 Average Number of Partners and of Occurrences of
Intercourse per Year 108
A.6 HIV/AIDS Transmission Probabilities 108
A. 7 Descriptive Statistics for Output Variables: Status Quo 109
A.8 Two Classical Interventions: Distributing Condoms
and Needles 125
A.9 Unit Costs for Needle Distribution Intervention 126
A. 10 Output Variables under Policy Interventions 127
A. 11 Output Variables if Policy Intervention Is Postponed
for Five Years 128
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| spelling | Jenkins, Carol Lynn Verfasser aut HIV, AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa the costs of inaction Carol Jenkins, David A. Robalino Washington, DC World Bank 2003 xxii, 173 p. ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Orientations in development series "This volume is the product of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the World Health Organization (Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office), and the World Bank"--P. [4] of cover. - Includes bibliographical references and index Infections à VIH - Afrique du Nord Infections à VIH - Moyen-Orient Sida - Afrique du Nord Sida - Moyen-Orient AIDS (Disease) Africa, North Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Africa, Northern Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Middle East HIV Infections Africa, Northern HIV Infections Middle East HIV infections Africa, North HIV infections Middle East Prävention (DE-588)4076308-0 gnd rswk-swf Aids (DE-588)4112470-4 gnd rswk-swf Naher Osten AIDS (Disease) Middle East Nordafrika (DE-588)4042482-0 gnd rswk-swf Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 gnd rswk-swf Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 g Aids (DE-588)4112470-4 s Prävention (DE-588)4076308-0 s DE-604 Nordafrika (DE-588)4042482-0 g Robalino, David A. Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012781753&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Jenkins, Carol Lynn Robalino, David A. HIV, AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa the costs of inaction Infections à VIH - Afrique du Nord Infections à VIH - Moyen-Orient Sida - Afrique du Nord Sida - Moyen-Orient AIDS (Disease) Africa, North Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Africa, Northern Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Middle East HIV Infections Africa, Northern HIV Infections Middle East HIV infections Africa, North HIV infections Middle East Prävention (DE-588)4076308-0 gnd Aids (DE-588)4112470-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4076308-0 (DE-588)4112470-4 (DE-588)4042482-0 (DE-588)4068878-1 |
| title | HIV, AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa the costs of inaction |
| title_auth | HIV, AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa the costs of inaction |
| title_exact_search | HIV, AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa the costs of inaction |
| title_full | HIV, AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa the costs of inaction Carol Jenkins, David A. Robalino |
| title_fullStr | HIV, AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa the costs of inaction Carol Jenkins, David A. Robalino |
| title_full_unstemmed | HIV, AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa the costs of inaction Carol Jenkins, David A. Robalino |
| title_short | HIV, AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa |
| title_sort | hiv aids in the middle east and north africa the costs of inaction |
| title_sub | the costs of inaction |
| topic | Infections à VIH - Afrique du Nord Infections à VIH - Moyen-Orient Sida - Afrique du Nord Sida - Moyen-Orient AIDS (Disease) Africa, North Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Africa, Northern Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Middle East HIV Infections Africa, Northern HIV Infections Middle East HIV infections Africa, North HIV infections Middle East Prävention (DE-588)4076308-0 gnd Aids (DE-588)4112470-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Infections à VIH - Afrique du Nord Infections à VIH - Moyen-Orient Sida - Afrique du Nord Sida - Moyen-Orient AIDS (Disease) Africa, North Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Africa, Northern Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Middle East HIV Infections Africa, Northern HIV Infections Middle East HIV infections Africa, North HIV infections Middle East Prävention Aids Naher Osten AIDS (Disease) Middle East Nordafrika |
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