Resolving the challenge posed by agrobiodiversity and plant genetic resources: an attempt
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Kassel
Univ. Pr.
2004
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Journal of agriculture and rural development in the tropics and subtropics Beiheft
76 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 184 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3899580567 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Resolving the challenge posed by agrobiodiversity and plant genetic resources |b an attempt |c Karl Hammer |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Agrobiodiversity | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biological diversity conservation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Germplasm resources, Plant | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804132718898839552 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Resolving the challenge posed by agrobiodiversity and plant genetic resources
Autor: Hammer, Karl
Jahr: 2004
Table of content
/ Foreword
2 Introduction_____________________________________________10
3 The situation of agrobiodiversity today__________________________20
3.1 Microorganisms_________________________________________20
3.2 Animals_______________________________________________21
3.3 Plants_________________________________________________22
4 Biodiversity and plant genetic resources -parallels and differences___31
5 Agrobiodiversity___________________________________________33
5.1 Diversity of Species______________________________________34
5.2 Infraspecific diversity____________________________________38
53 Ecosystem diversity_____________________________________42
5.4 Centers of diversity______________________________________42
5.5 Loss of diversity_________________________________________45
5.5.1 Loss of species_____________________________________________45
5.5.1.1 Anacyclus officinarum - German pellitory________________________46
5.5.1.2 Bromus mango - Mango ____________________________________47
5.5.1.3 Silphion of classical times____________________________________49
5.5.2 Loss of genetic diversity_______________________________________50
5.5.3 Ecosystem loss_____________________________________________52
6 Critical assessment of measures__________________________________S3
6.1 Comparison of the measures___________________________________60
6.2 Utilization of plant genetic resources and costs for their conservation__62
63 Evaluation of measures to conserve plant genetic resources___________66
6.3.1 Plant genetic resources________________________________________67
6.3.2 Biodiversity ________________________________________71
6.3.2.1 Ex-situ measures__________________________________________72
6.3.2.2 In-situ measures_______________________________________74
6.3.2.3 An inventory of in situ plant genetic resources_____________________75
6.3.2.4 An inventory of plant genetic resources in situ/on-tarm_______________81
6.3.2.5 An inventory of plant genetic resources ex situ______________________88
6.4 General possibilities of conserving plant genetic resources___________102
6.5 A possibility of combined approaches____________________________108
6.6 Strategies for maintenance of agro-genetic resources_______________112
6.6.1 Examples for conservation strategies of certain cultivated plant species_____115
6.7 Recording the functions of biodiversity_________________________ 118
6.8 Recording and characterizing agrobiodiversity_________________ 119
6.8.1 Optimizing conservation strategies________________________________119
6.8.2 Analysis of the social, economical and political framework_____________ 120
7 Sustainable utilization of agrobiodiversity as a political priority______121
7.1 The conservation of agrobiodiversity_____________________________122
8 Biotechnology and genetic resources______________________________124
8.1 In-vitro methods______________________________________________125
8.2 Cryo-conservation_____________________________________________125
S3 Molecular methods____________________________________________126
8.4 Gene technology______________________________________________128
9 International treaties and agreements______________________________128
9.1 The Convention on Biological Diversity___________________________130
9.2 International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources of the FAO___134
93 Global Plan of Action__________________________________________136
9.3.1 Ex situ conservation 137
9.3.2 In situ conservation 140
9.4 The utilization of plant genetic resources__________________________I4*
9.5 Institutions, capacity-building and training_________________ 142
9.6 Harmonizing and coordinating international agreements__________144
10 A concluding word about the need for action and
effective beginning steps_________________________________145
10.1 Future need for plant genetic resources___________________145
10.2 Necessary strategy to meet demand___________________________ 146
// Synopsis________________________________________________153
12 Abstract______________________________________________ IS9
13 Bibliography ________ 160
List of Figures
Fig. 1: Functions of biodiversity in agroecoystems
(WBGU 2000, p. 169, Altieri und Nicholls 1999,
Hammer 2001) IS
Fig. 2: Infraspecific variability of Coriandrum sativum
and historical documentation of the pathways of their distribution
(Diederichsen Hammer 2003) 40
Fig. 3: Genepool-system according to Halan De Wet
(1971) indicating the possible use of plant
genetic resources for plant breeding 41
Fig. 4: Global biodiversity hotspots according to
Wilson (1992), Jeffries (1997) 43
Fig. S: Gene centres of crop plants (developed from Vavilov, 1926) 43
Fig. 6: Documentation about the loss of a crop plant
species (Anacyclm officinarum L.) from Jeffrey in
Hanelt and IPK (2001) 47
Fig. 7: Bromus burkartii, a species missinterpreted as
Bromus mango (after Scholz Mos 1994) 48
Fig. 8: The mysterious Silphium (after Keith 1965) 50
Fig. 9: Plants under human influence and evolution
ofweeds.A.//a/nmeretal.(1997). 149
List of Tables
Table 1: Worldwide extant and endangered domesticated animal breeds
(after Hawksworth and Kalin-Arrayo 1995) 22
Table 2: The three levels of biological diversity (after Heywood and
Watson 1995, WBGU 2000, Hammer 2001) 33
Table 3: Number of cultivated plant species worldwide (according to
Hammer, 1995a) 34
Table 4: Comparison of the number of species of cultivated plants in
southern Italy (Hammer et aL 1992) with those of the Mediterranean
gene center of diversity (Vavilov 1935) (according to Hammer 1996b) 36
Table 5: Central European wild plants, classed in utilization groups
(according to Schlosser et aL 1991, Hammer 1995a) 37
Table 6: The structure of plant genetic resources (PGR) in Germany
and the world (according to Hammer 1995a, 1999) 38
Table 7: Matrix of the signs of infraspecific variability of einkorn,
Triticum monococcum convar. monococcum
(according to Szabd Hammer 1996) 41
Table 8: Estimated number of species of extinct or endangered cultivated
plants and plant genetic resources in Germany, Europe, and the
whole world (according to Hammer 1998a) 46
Table 9: Monographs published to date on neglected and underutilized
cultivated plants in the framework of a IPK/IPGRI project
(according to Hammer Heller 1998) 56
Table 10: Advantages and disadvantages of in situ as opposed to ex situ
maintenance (from Weber 1996) 61
Table 11: Connection between the first discovery of gene bank material
with resistance characteristics and the registration of varieties
developed with this material (according to Hammer 1991) 63
Table 12: Varieties registered from 1973 to 1990 proved to have been
developed with material from the gene bank Gatersleben
(according to Hammer 1991) 63
Table 13: Number of species of wild plants, plant genetic resources
(PGR) and cultivated plants in Germany, Europe and the world
(according to Hammer Gladis 1996, estimated, see Hammer 1995,
Moore 1982, Hammer 1999) 80
Table 14: Summary of the checklists of cultivated plants database.
The years refer to the respective publications for Cuba
(Esquivel et al. 1992) and Korea (Hoang et al. 1997).
Figures for areas in preparation are still incomplete
(after Knupffer and Hammer 1999, Hammer et al. 2000) 83
Table 15: Number of worldwide ex situ collections and their material
(according to FAO 1996a) 89
Table 16: The 30 most important cultivated plants of the world and the
present number of ex situ accessions (according to FAO 1996b) 90
Table 17: Germany s largest crop collections as compared to world
collections (according to FAO 1996a) 91
Table 18: Percentage of local material in national gene banks
(according to FAO 1996a) 91
Table 19: The collections of the Gatersleben gene bank and its affiliated
stations 1996 (according to Anon. 1997b) 92
Table 20: The collections of the gene bank Braunschweig (according to
Begemann Hammer 1993). From 2002 the collections are going
to be transferred to Gatersleben 93
Table 21: Material in the ex situ collections Gatersleben and
Braunschweig (according to Oetmann al. 1995, selection) 94
Table 22: Characterization of the ex situ collections Gatersleben
and Braunschweig according to the cultivation class
(according to Oetmann et al. 1995) 95
Table 23: Estimated reproduction intervals for seed that is stored at -20°C
and 5% moisture content (according to Roberts 1973, Ford-Lloyd
Jackson 1986). These theoretical figures are often much higher than
those dictated by practical knowledge. For example, according to our
experience, barley has to be regenerated before 35-40 years have passed 103
Table 24: Methods of ex situ conservation for various plant genetic
resources (according to FAO 1996b) 105
Table 25: Categories of land use in Germany (1993), (according to
Statistisches Jahrbuch ffir Erniihrung, Landwirtschaft und
Forsten 1994, Nationaler Waldbericht 1994, Oetmann et al. 1995) 106
Table 26: Protected areas in Germany (1992) (according to Data on
the Environment 1992/93, Oetmann et al. 1995) 107
Table 27: Strategies for the maintainence of agrobiodiversity
(after Franck et al. 2000) 113
Table 28: Advantages and disadvantages of several methods of
measuring genetic variation (according to FAO 1996b) 127
Table 29: Reasons for the present loss of genetic diversity in
agriculture according to the country reports (FAO 1996b) 129
Table 30: Analysis of the problems of ex situ collections worldwide
(according to FAO 1996a) 138
Table 31: Need for regeneration of the largest national ex situ collections
in the world (according to FAO 1996a) 138
Table 32: Conservation methods for different categories of diversity
rated by their importance for specific groups of diversity
(changed, based on Hammer 1998a) 148
Table 33: Creation of national programs for PGRFA according to the
suggestions of the sub-regional meeting in preparation for the 4*
Inter-national Technical Conference. Approximately 55 countries
have national programs and another 20 countries have a certain
amount of coordination (according to FAO 1996b) 151
|
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| id | DE-604.BV019307665 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:57:17Z |
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| isbn | 3899580567 |
| language | English |
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| physical | 184 S. graph. Darst. |
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| publisher | Univ. Pr. |
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| series | Journal of agriculture and rural development in the tropics and subtropics Beiheft |
| series2 | Journal of agriculture and rural development in the tropics and subtropics Beiheft |
| spelling | Hammer, Karl 1944- Verfasser (DE-588)124897568 aut Resolving the challenge posed by agrobiodiversity and plant genetic resources an attempt Karl Hammer Kassel Univ. Pr. 2004 184 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Journal of agriculture and rural development in the tropics and subtropics Beiheft 76 Agrobiodiversity Biological diversity conservation Germplasm resources, Plant Agrarökosystem (DE-588)4136995-6 gnd rswk-swf Kulturpflanzen (DE-588)4033576-8 gnd rswk-swf Genetische Ressourcen (DE-588)4156623-3 gnd rswk-swf Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd rswk-swf Kulturpflanzen (DE-588)4033576-8 s Genetische Ressourcen (DE-588)4156623-3 s Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 s Agrarökosystem (DE-588)4136995-6 s DE-604 Journal of agriculture and rural development in the tropics and subtropics Beiheft 76 (DE-604)BV019307655 76 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012775609&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hammer, Karl 1944- Resolving the challenge posed by agrobiodiversity and plant genetic resources an attempt Journal of agriculture and rural development in the tropics and subtropics Beiheft Agrobiodiversity Biological diversity conservation Germplasm resources, Plant Agrarökosystem (DE-588)4136995-6 gnd Kulturpflanzen (DE-588)4033576-8 gnd Genetische Ressourcen (DE-588)4156623-3 gnd Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4136995-6 (DE-588)4033576-8 (DE-588)4156623-3 (DE-588)4601495-0 |
| title | Resolving the challenge posed by agrobiodiversity and plant genetic resources an attempt |
| title_auth | Resolving the challenge posed by agrobiodiversity and plant genetic resources an attempt |
| title_exact_search | Resolving the challenge posed by agrobiodiversity and plant genetic resources an attempt |
| title_full | Resolving the challenge posed by agrobiodiversity and plant genetic resources an attempt Karl Hammer |
| title_fullStr | Resolving the challenge posed by agrobiodiversity and plant genetic resources an attempt Karl Hammer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Resolving the challenge posed by agrobiodiversity and plant genetic resources an attempt Karl Hammer |
| title_short | Resolving the challenge posed by agrobiodiversity and plant genetic resources |
| title_sort | resolving the challenge posed by agrobiodiversity and plant genetic resources an attempt |
| title_sub | an attempt |
| topic | Agrobiodiversity Biological diversity conservation Germplasm resources, Plant Agrarökosystem (DE-588)4136995-6 gnd Kulturpflanzen (DE-588)4033576-8 gnd Genetische Ressourcen (DE-588)4156623-3 gnd Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Agrobiodiversity Biological diversity conservation Germplasm resources, Plant Agrarökosystem Kulturpflanzen Genetische Ressourcen Biodiversität |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012775609&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV019307655 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hammerkarl resolvingthechallengeposedbyagrobiodiversityandplantgeneticresourcesanattempt |