Four French novelists: Marcel Proust, André Gide, Jean Giraudoux, Paul Morand
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | French |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Port Washington/N.Y.
Kennikat Press
1969
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| Ausgabe: | Reissued ([London u.a. Oxford Univ. Pr.] 1938 |
| Schriftenreihe: | essay and general literature index reprint series
|
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Enth. S.391-411 Bibliogr. |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 419 Seiten |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Lemaitre, Georges |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Four French novelists |b Marcel Proust, André Gide, Jean Giraudoux, Paul Morand |c Georges Lemaître |
| 250 | |a Reissued ([London u.a. Oxford Univ. Pr.] 1938 | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Port Washington/N.Y. |b Kennikat Press |c 1969 | |
| 300 | |a XX, 419 Seiten | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a essay and general literature index reprint series | |
| 500 | |a Enth. S.391-411 Bibliogr. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Titel: Four French Novelists
Autor: Lemaitre, Georges Edouard
Jahr: 1969
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION xvii
/. MARCEL PROUST
1. PROUST'S LIFE 3
His birth in the days following the siege of Paris and 'La Commune'—
His father, Dr. Adrien Proust—His Jewish mother—Sickly childhood—
Les 'Champs-Ely sees'—Holidays at Auteuil and at Illiers—Cabourg—
Studies at the Lycee Condorcet—Influence of Saint-Simon—First group
of friends—Adolescent days—Military service—Higher studies—The
influence of Bergson; Time and the subconscious mind—The fervid
dreams of youth: society and love—Proust's character and manners—
His first access to the Parisian salons—Robert de Montesquiou—Proust
introduced into aristocratic circles—Progressive disappointment—
Friendship and love—Disillusions—First literary attempts: Le Banquet
—Les Plaisirs et les Jours—The influence of Ruskin—Social activities—
Predilection for servants—Ill-health—Literary vocation—Retreat—
The flat in the Boulevard Haussman—Celeste Albaret—Outlook on life
—The first version of his great work completed—Publication of Du
C6t6 de chez Swann—The Great War—Deep pessimism of Proust—He
revises the unpublished part of his work in a new mood—A I'Ombre des
Jeunes Fittes en Fleurs receives the ' Prix Goncourt'—Pastiches et Me-
langes—Frantic writing—The bedridden invalid—Despair and triumph
—The obsession of Time—The End.
2. A LA RECHERCHE DU TEMPS PERDU 36
The two successive versions—The original plan—The subsequent alter-
ations—Du CotS de chez Swann: Combray; a love of Swann; Gilberte—
A I'Ombre des Jeunes Filles en Fleurs: Balbec; Albertine—Le CSti de
Guermantes: Aristocratic society and love—Sodome et Oomorrhe: the
morals of M.de Charlus; the abnormality of Albertine—La Prison-
niere: Albertine a willing captive; the intrigues of Mme Verdurin—Al-
bertine Disparue: disappointments—Le Temps RetrouvS: the degra-
dation of . Charlus—A mystic of Time—Characteristics of the whole
work.
X CONTENTS
3. SOCIETY 46
Universal interest of Proust's picture of society—The original unit of
society life: 'la coterie'—Its distinctive characteristics—The essential
problem in society: whom to receive—The true nature of politeness—
The fundamental hardness of society people—Their general lack of
really deep culture—Evolution of modern French high society—The
aristocratic clan: the Duchesse de Guermantes; the Due de Guerman-
tes; the Baron de Charlus; the Marquis de Saint-Loup; the Princesse
de Luxembourg—The bourgeois group: Mme Verdurin; M.Verdurin;
Cottard; Brichot—The Jews: Jewish traits in Proust; the character of
Swann; Bloch—The Artists: Vinteuil; Elstir; Bergotte—The servants:
Francpise—The originals of the Proustian characters—The case of
Albertine.
4. PSYCHOLOGY 64
The relation of Proustian psychology to the idea of Time—The impor-
tance of the subconscious mind—The Proustian method of investiga-
tion: analysis and interpretation of small and apparently unimportant
details—The search for general psychological Laws—The mechanism of
Love—The initial attraction towards a group of persons—The fixation
of desire—Idealization—The subjectivity of Love—The influence of
Time—Inevitable disappointment—Love kept alive by painful anxiety
—A study of jealousy—The heart's intermissions—Abnormal love; a
picture of refinement, sadism, and degradation.
5. AET 79
The beauty of flowers—The steeples of Martinville—The mystery of
the three trees—A crust of interpretative, intellectual conceptions cov-
ers practically every original sensation—The sesthetic value of pure sen-
sation—The difficulty of retaining a pure sensation in its genuineness—
The privilege of the artist—The influence of the Impressionist School of
painting on Proust's theories—Music and Marcel Proust—His predilec-
tion for Wagner and Beethoven—Vinteuil's Sonata and Septet—' La pe-
tite phrase'—The place of music in Proust's theory of Art.
6. TIME 92
Proust's differing views on Time—Time, the devourer of lif e—Time, the
preserver of reality—Time compared to a series of jars filled with per-
fumes—The distinction between voluntary and involuntary memory—•
The episode of 'la petite madeleine'—Three separate revelations at the
CONTENTS XI
Guermantes' mansion—The key to the enigma: the miracle of the past
resurrected by a present sensation—A psychological explanation of the
entrancing power of this mode of recollection—A metaphysical inter-
pretation of its nature—A mystic of Time—The basis for Proust's great
work of art: Plashes of Eternity and truths revealed by experience—
The history of a Vocation—Proust's style—Its general characteristics:
its complexity; the importance of the verb; the notion of change and
modality—Its particular varieties: Poetical style; lyricism; imagery.
Abstract style; the logical framework; the investigating subordinate
clauses—Conclusion.
II. ANDRE GIDE
1. ANDRE GIDE'S LIFE 115
Puritanic environment—Contradictory influences of Uzes and Nor-
mandy—Early death of Gide's father—Rigid principles of his mother—
Erratic education and dark, unhappy days of childhood—Emmanuele—¦
Adolescence brings about changes: Ideal love; religious mysticism; ap-
preciation of Greek poetry—Influence of music on Gide—Emmanuele's
refusal to marry him—Years of moral distress—Gide a disciple of the
Symbolists—Critical illness—First trip to Algeria; Biskra and convales-
cence—Return to Europe: La Brevine—Second trip to Algeria; Oscar
Wilde—Death of Gide's mother—He marries Emmanuele—Moral trag-
edy—Influence of Nietzsche, Dostoievsky, and Goethe—Extensive
travels—Foundation of the NouveUe Revue Frangaise—The Great
War—Gide turns to God—Gide attacked on account of his morals;
H.Beraud and H.Massis—Publication of Si le Grain ne meurt and Cory-
don—Scandal—The trip to Congo—Gide becomes a Communist—The
trip to the U.S.S.R.
3. OUTLOOK UPON LIFE 142
Fundamental dualism: Love of life; deep religious aspirations—The
Protestantism of Gide—The necessity of a conciliation between oppo-
site tendencies—Gide in search of truth: systematic criticism; wide-
spread experimentation; development of personality—Gide's formula
of life—The main divisions of Gide's works: 'Sotie,' 'Recit,' and ' Ro-
man '—General trend of his evolution—Les Cahiers d'Andri Walter and
the Symbolist period—Les Nourritures Terrestres—Le PromUhie mal en-
xii CONTENTS
chalnS—The two terms of the essential dualism: VImmmalisle and La
Porte Etroite—A satire: Les Caves du Vatican—The character of Laf-
cadio—In progress towards a solution: La Sympkonie Pastorale—The
ambitious and yet disappointing achievement: Les Fanx-Monnayeurs.
3. THE Gn)IAN THOUGHT PROCESS 167
Gide's anti-intellectualism—His aversion to abstract logic—The theory
of the 'Acte Gratuit'—A thrilling example: the murder of Amedee
Fleurissoire—Gide's elusiveness; his refusal to take a fixed stand—His
manysidedness—His disturbing influence on youth.
4. EARTHLY AND HEAVENLY THEMES 177
Earthly themes: 'La Ferveur'; value of the present moment; necessity
of change; perpetual readiness and expectation; abnegation—Heavenly
themes: The opposition between Christ and St. Paul; the Gospels sim-
ply offer a method of attaining happiness; renunciation; the Kingdom
of God is here and now—Gide's 'quietisme'—The relation between
earthly and heavenly themes—Satan and his place in Gide's theories.
5. GIDE'S VIEW OF THE WORLD 187
Gide's special curiosity for the subconscious mind—The dissociation of
Love and Pleasure—Sex attraction, normal and abnormal—Gide's pic-
ture of family life—Justice presented as a farce—The position of the
Church—Criticism of social organization—The problem of colonies—
Capitalism and Communism—Philosophy and aesthetics—Gide's con-
ception of Art—His 'classicisme'—Critical and poetical qualities of his
style— Conclusion.
///. JEAN GIRAUDOUX
1. GffiAUDOUX'S LIFE 309
Giraudoux's standing in contemporary French literature—His earliest
years at Bellac in the old province of Limousin—Influence of small town
life on the formation of his character—The Lycie of Chateauroux—
Giraudoux a model pupil—Classical idealism—nationalistic intellectual
discipline—At the Ecole Normale Suptrieure, on the threshold of a Uni-
versity career—Disjunction between scholastic ideals and the realities
of hie—Rambles throughout the world—Germany and German influ-
CONTENTS Xlil
ence—Zest for life and youthful optimism—In the French diplomatic
service—Brilliant war record—The influence of war on Giraudoux's
mental evolution—In charge of the Service des CEuvres Frangaises a
I'Etranger at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs—The success of Siegfried
et le Limousin—Feud between Raymond Poincare and Philippe Berthe-
lot—Bella—Commissioner for settlement of war damages in Turkey;
contact with Orientals—Relations with Briand—Giraudoux a success-
ful playwright—Maturity and balance.
2. IDEALS AND REALITY 225
The fundamental dualism: contrast between the theoretical teachings
of professors and the practical experience of life—Giraudoux's original
position in regard to the problem—Triple aspect of Giraudoux's ideals:
(1) Noble and elevated sentiments; Stoicism (2) Logical reasoning; the
world as it ought to be (3) Imagination and poetry—Giraudoux's first
impressions of reality: Bellac and Limousin; homely recollections—The
brilliant pageant of the world; Paris, Germany, America—Curiosity and
detachment—Subjectivism and sensitiveness—Giraudoux's soul and
the universe; a play of mirrors with a multiplicity of reflections—Deli-
berate superficiality—Relative importance of the external aspects and
the internal structure of things—Giraudoux's vision unspoiled by inter-
pretative intelligence—Artifice and self-delusion—Relations between
the ideal and the real—Association of images—Discovery of old ideals
under stark reality—Resurgence of human reality out of classical le-
gends and concepts—A 'poetical divagation.'
3. EVOLUTION OF GIRAUDOUX'S INTERPRETATION OF
LIFE 242
The five periods of development in Giraudoux's thought—First group
of works: light and imaginative creations—Fanciful reminiscences:
Simon le Pathitique—Variations on the theme of Robinson Crusoe:
Suzanne et le Pacifique—The stupidity of adopting a contentious atti-
tude towards Nature—French classical culture applied to raw tropical
nature—Adventures of a girl in quest of a husband: Juliette au Pays des
Hommes—The 'poetic art' of Giraudoux: Priere sur la Tour Eiffel—
Second group of works: war books—Lectures pour une Ombre—Adorable
Clio—Reality in the foreground—Third group of works: studying the
problem of the disjunction between a logical mind and a motley reality
—Siegfried et le Limousin—Siegfried—Fin de Siegfried—Seeking a
basis for Franco-German collaboration—Adaptation of German reality
xiv CONTENTS
to French mental categories—Les Aventurea de Jfrr me Bardini—Fourth
group of works: politics and imagination—A satire against Poincare:
Bella—A study of Eastern and Western mentalities: Eglantine—Com-
bat avec VAnge: Briand and international peace; the mysteries of fem-
inine psychology—Fifth group: poise and balance—Classical antiquity
in modern attire: ElpSnor—Amphitryon 38—Judith—Intermezzo; a fan-
tastic tale with a symbolical meaning—Approach to a solution: La
Guerre de Troie n'aura pas lieu.
4. THE WORLD OF GIRAUDOUX 271
The unity behind diversity—Fate and Providence—Ephemeral aspects
of the world—Systematic suppression of deep, hidden tendencies in
human nature—Life treated with 'politeness'—The meaning and pur-
pose of civilization—Pantheistic indifference—Giraudoux's attitude
towards death—His idea of existence beyond the grave—His apprecia-
tion of Nature—The characters of Giraudoux—Their sensitiveness—
Fragmentary analysis of their feelings—Their inconsistencies—Love—
Hazy and poetical atmosphere—Young women; their purity; marriage;
waiting for happiness—Giraudoux related to the French Symbolist and
Impressionist Schools—Sketches of French life—Glimpses of German
mentality—Remarks on the modern world.
5. GIRAUDOUX'S ART 292
Complexity of Giraudoux's art—Hurried improvisation—Suggestion of
essentials by presentation of accessory details—Allusions and compari-
sons antique and modern—Irony and satire—Stylistic virtuosity: dis-
located syntax; aristic sense of harmony—Influence of Latin; Seneca
—PridoaitS—Imagery—Conclusion.
IV. PAUL MORAND
1. LIFE AND PERSON OF PAUL MORAND 303
The 'legend' of P.Morand—His family circle: the artistic and literary
tastes and achievements of his father; his career as an official and his
conservatism—Morand's longing to escape from the monotony of his
early environment—Guests and friends in the Morand household—
Morand a 'modern' boy: his love for machines and sport—Oxford—A
diplomatic career in prospect—L'Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques—
CONTENTS XV
An Attache at the French embassy in London—The Great War—Diplo-
matic work in Borne and in Madrid—Return to Paris—At the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs—France during the post-war period—Uprooted hu-
manity—Breakdown of conventional moral standards—Morbid sensi-
tiveness: despair and zest for life—Why Morand started writing—His
position in the advanced guard of the younger school—The success of
Ouvert la Nuit and Fermi la Nuit—Morand sent to Siam—The journey
around the world—A new outlook on life—Marriage—Morand devotes
himself to writing and travelling—The great economic depression and
its influence on Morand's life—Back to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
—Abundant literary production—The unity of Morand's works—His
personality—His perfect, composed manners—His deep emotional na-
ture—His lucid intelligence—His taste for books—In search of balance
—Morand the artist.
2. A PICTURE OF THE MODERN WORLD 330
The modern world, the essential subject of Morand's art—The two suc-
cessive stages of his views of the world—Post-War Europe—Ouvert la
Nuit—Fermi la Nuit—Lewis el Irene—Driftwood and derelicts of soci-
ety—Hectic modern life—Its rampant immorality—A ruined genera-
tion—Travel impressions—Rien que la Terre—A bird's eye view of the
planet—The search for the soul of Asia: Bouddha Vivant—An attempt
to explain negro mentality: Magie Noire—A view of America: Cham-
pions du Monde—Portraits de Villes—Clever interpretations of urban
phenomena—New York: A brilliant yet abnormal element of American
life—Londres: A faithful expression of English ideals—Bucarest: A mir-
ror of Roumania's unhappiness and charm—The value of Morand's in-
formation—The purport of his descriptions—Racial and national psy-
chology—The Japanese—The Germans—The English—The Americans
—The French—Artistic beauty of the modern world: Grand Hotels—
Express trains—Oceanic liners—Morand's faculty of poetic vision.
3. A PHILOSOPHY OF MODERN LIFE 366
Fundamental pessimism—Universal strain and stress—The only pos-
sible relief: the virtue of change in itself—Travel, the privilege of our
times—The magic of remoteness in space—Travel, a flight away from
worries—Power and beauty of speed—Its corrosive effects—A key to
the understanding of the modern world: human geography—Geograph-
ical outlook in Morand's writings—The importance of moral and spirit-
ual elements in contemporary life—Locomotives go faster than ideas—
XVI CONTENTS
Causes of international misunderstandings—Towards a general fusion
of races—Tragic contradictions of hereditary tendencies in mixed races
—Racial conflicts seen as the 'crimes passionnels' of the twentieth
century—The fate of Europe in the coming struggle—Past history con-
sidered as an obstacle to the smooth development of modern civilization
—The world of today: a colourful pageant and a knot of distressing
moral problems.
4. THE ART OF P. MORAND 380
Artistic value of contrasts—Original sources of the characters presented
in Morand's works—The part of observation and of imagination—
Striking portrayal of physical aspects—Common background of general
moral traits—Delineation of individual types—Informative value of
exceptional and abnormal cases—Morand's aversion for 'exotic' colour-
ing—Luck and chance viewed as the capricious masters of human action
—Morand's literary style—His method of composition—A truncated
and syncopated prose—Queer and arresting imagery—Plays on words—
Enumerations— Conclusion.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 393
INDEX 413 |
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| spelling | Lemaitre, Georges Verfasser aut Four French novelists Marcel Proust, André Gide, Jean Giraudoux, Paul Morand Georges Lemaître Reissued ([London u.a. Oxford Univ. Pr.] 1938 Port Washington/N.Y. Kennikat Press 1969 XX, 419 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier essay and general literature index reprint series Enth. S.391-411 Bibliogr. HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=011123422&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Lemaitre, Georges Four French novelists Marcel Proust, André Gide, Jean Giraudoux, Paul Morand |
| title | Four French novelists Marcel Proust, André Gide, Jean Giraudoux, Paul Morand |
| title_auth | Four French novelists Marcel Proust, André Gide, Jean Giraudoux, Paul Morand |
| title_exact_search | Four French novelists Marcel Proust, André Gide, Jean Giraudoux, Paul Morand |
| title_full | Four French novelists Marcel Proust, André Gide, Jean Giraudoux, Paul Morand Georges Lemaître |
| title_fullStr | Four French novelists Marcel Proust, André Gide, Jean Giraudoux, Paul Morand Georges Lemaître |
| title_full_unstemmed | Four French novelists Marcel Proust, André Gide, Jean Giraudoux, Paul Morand Georges Lemaître |
| title_short | Four French novelists |
| title_sort | four french novelists marcel proust andre gide jean giraudoux paul morand |
| title_sub | Marcel Proust, André Gide, Jean Giraudoux, Paul Morand |
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