Continental margins:
Gespeichert in:
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1979
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MARC
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| 505 | 0 | |a Geological and geophysical research needs and problems. Ad hoc panel to investigate the geolog. and geophys. research needs and problems of continental margins.<br>Washington/D.C.: Nat. Acad. of Sciences 1979.XXVI, 302 S.m.Abb., Taf.u.Kt. 4 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
LIST OF FIGURES XV
PREFACE XXi
INTRODUCTION, SUMMARY, AND PRINCIPAL
RECOMMENDATIONS 1
Introduction, 1
The Roles of Government, Industry, and Academe, 6
Recommendations for Continental-Margins Geological and
Geophysical Research in the 1980 s, 7
Premises, 7; High-Priority Research for the 1980 s, 8; Second-
Priority Research for the 1980s, 13; Recommended Level of Ex-
penditures for Basic Earth Science Research on Continental Mar-
gins in the 1980 s, 15
Recommendations Concerning Proposal Writing and the Dis-
tribution of Grants, 16
Conclusion, 17
DESCRIPTION AND DEFINITION OF
RESEARCH PROBLEMS 19
1 CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGY 21
References and Bibliography, 27
2 THE SURFACE 28
Submarine Topography and Topographic Surveys, 28
Surface Geological Maps, 31
References and Bibliography, 34
IX
Contents
SEDIMENTS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 35
Sediments and Their Origin, 35
Introduction, 35; Sedimentation on Alluvial Plains and Coasts, 35;
Marine Sediments on Continental Margins, 37; Atlantic Margin
Sediments, 38; Gulf of Mexico Margin Sediments, 39; Pacific
Margin Sediments, 40
Problems in Sedimentation, 40
Unsettling Questions Regarding Sediment Settling, 40; The Mys-
tery of the Benthic Boundary Layer, 43; The Continental Slope: A
Key Problem Area, 44; Carbonate Genesis, 45
Geochemistry and Diagenesis of Sediments, 45
Inorganic Geochemistry, 45; Hydrology and Hydrochemistry of
Subsurface Waters, 46; Carbonate Diagenesis, 46; Organic Matter
in Sediments, 47; The Origin of Petroleum, 48; Clathrate Forma-
tion, 50; Marine Hydrocarbon Detection, 51
References and Bibliography, 57
Sediments and Their Origin, 57; Geochemistry and Diagenesis of
Sediments, 58
STRATIGRAPHY 61
A Stratigraphy and Faciès Analysis, 61
B Paleooceanography, 65
Quaternary and Late Tertiary Paleooceanography, 65; Mesozoic-
Cenozoic Reconstructions, 66; Paleozoic Reconstructions, 69
C The Need for Biostratigraphic Studies, 69
References and Bibliography, 74
PASSIVE MARGINS 76
A Introduction, 76
B How Do Passive Margins Form and Evolve?, 78
C Rifting, 79
D Onset of Drifting, 82
E Postrift Evolution: Drifting, 83
F On Modeling the Subsidence of Passive Margins, 85
G Atlantic-Type Transform Margins, 88
H Igneous Activity Associated with Passive-Margin Evolu-
tion, 89
I The Gulf of Mexico Enigma, 91
J Some Special Problems Concerning Passive Margins, 91
The Ocean-Continent Transition, 91; Drilling the Ocean-
Continent Transition, 92; Tectonic History and Styles of Defor-
mation, 93; Questions and Problems Concerning Continental
Fragments, 93; Thermal History of Passive Margins, 93; Problems
Related to Genesis and Evolution of Sedimentary Sequences, 94;
Exploring Carbonate Passive Margins with Submersibles, 95
K Recommendations, 95
References and Bibliography, 96
CRATOXIC MARGINS 99
A Introduction, 99
B Craton Centers: Their Characteristics, 99
C Theoretical Development, 100
D Future Work, 101
References and Bibliography, 101
Contents
7 CONTINENTAL MARGINS OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN 102
A Introduction, 102
B Structure and Scientific Problems, 102
Lomonosov Ridge, 102; Eurasian Basin
and Margins, 103; Amerasian Basin and Margins, 103
C Current and Future Projects, 104
D Operational Aspects, 104
E Recommendations and Priorities, 106
References and Bibliography, 106
8 ACTIVE MARGINS 108
A Introduction, 108
B The Evolving Active-Margin Model, 110
C The Forearc Region, 111
D The Arc Region, Its Volcanoes and Geochemistry of Igne-
ous Rocks, 112
E The Backarc Region, 115
F Peri-Sutural Basins, 116
G Transform Margins, 117
H Incipient Subduction, 118
I The Mediterranean and the Caribbean: Two Special
Cases, 118
J The Role of Drilling on Active Margins, 120
Introduction, 120; Concerning Present Drilling Capability, 120;
Concerning Future Drilling Capabilities, 121
K Transects on Active Margins, 121
Introduction, 121; Alaska, 122; Bering Sea Area, 123; U.S. West
Coast Transects, 123; Middle America Trench Transects, 123;
Caribbean Transects, 123; South American Transects, 123;
Northwest Pacific Plate Dynamics Traverses, 124; East and
Southeast Asia Transects, 127; Seismologic Studies on Active
Margins, 127
L Recommendation, 127
References and Bibliography, 128
9 MOBILE FOLD BELTS AND ANCIENT CONTINENTAL
MARGINS 130
Introduction, 130
The Basement of Fold Belts, 130
Reconstructions of Folded Belts, 133
Geological Field Observations on Ancient Margins, 135
Suture Zones—Boundaries of Lithospheric Plates, 135; Border-
lands, 137; The Western Cordillera of the United States, 137;
Unconformities, 139; Deep-Sea Turbidites, 139; Study the Oldest
Rocks in Outcropping Miogeosynclinal Sequences, 139
References and Bibliography, 139
10 SEISMICITY AND THE DEEP STRUCTURE OF
CONTINENTAL MARGINS 141
A Introduction, 141
B Seismicity of the Margins, 141
C Tectonic Stresses along the Margins, 142
D Continent-Ocean Transition, 145
E The Fate of Subducted Lithosphère, 148
F Recommendations, 148
References and Bibliography, 148
XI
Contents
II RESEARCH TOOLS AND METHODS 149
11 GEOPHYSICAL METHODS 151
A Industrial and Academic Geophysics: State of the Art, 151
Introduction and Synthesis, 151; Acquiring the Data, 152; Seismic
Processing, 153; Integrated Multisensor Interpretations, 153;
Lithologie Resolution, 153; Logging and the Relationship of the
Borehole to Surface Geophysics, 153; Anticipated Future Devel-
opments, 154; Common-Depth-Point Applications to Problems of
Continental Margins, 154; Current Geophysics Capabilities in
Academe, 154; Electromagnetic Induction Studies, 154; Heat-
Flow Measurements on Continental Margins, 155
B Relationship of the Borehole to Surface Geophysics, 155
Borehole Geophysics, 155; We.ll Logs, 156; Modeling, 156; Explo-
ration in Boreholes, 156
C Efficient Use of Scientific Personnel and Survey Equip-
ment in Obtaining Objectives, 157
D Recommendations, 159
References and Bibliography, 162
12 THE APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING 163
A LANDSAT Images, 163
B Satellite Altimetry, 163
C Satellite Gravimetric Geoid, 164
D MAGSAT and Crustal Magnetism Investigations, 164
E Monitoring Plate Motion and Deformation, 165
References and Bibliography, 165
13 THE ROLE OF DRILLING FOR SCIENTIFIC PURPOSES 166
References and Bibliography, 171
14 THE ROLE OF SHIPS AND SUBMERSIBLES FOR
CONTINENTAL-MARGIN RESEARCH 172
The U.S. Océanographie Research Fleet, 172
Budget Summary for Research Fleet Operations, 175
References and Bibliography, 175
III CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 177
15 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 179
Concerning the Roles of Academe, Industry, and Govern-
ment, 179
Pure, Applied, and Duplication of Research, 181
Domestic versus International Programs, 181
Concerning Big Science, 182
16 RECOMMENDATIONS 183
High-Priority Research for the 1980 s, 183
A Sediment Dynamics Program—High Priority, 183; A Program
for Geotraverses on Domestic Continental Margins—High Prior-
ity, 185; Outfitting Modem Geophysical Research Vessels—High
Priority, 187
Second-Priority Research for the 1980 s, 187
Geotraverses and Ocean-Continent Boundary Studies on Foreign
Continental Margins—Second Priority, 187; Drilling on Conti-
nental Margins—Second Priority, 188
Endorsement of Recommendations of the Panel on Seismo-
graph Networks, 190
Concerning Proposal Writing and the Distribution of Grants,
190
xii
Contents
APPENDIXES 191
A ORGANIZATION AND FUNDING OF MARINE
CONTINENTAL-MARGIN RESEARCH 193
The Roles of the Players, 193
Industry, 193; Academe, 194; Government, 197
History of Federal Océanographie Programs, 197
The Beginnings, 197; The Postwar Boom, 198; The Transitional
1960 s, 199; The Scene Today, 199
Current Federal Programs, 200
Introduction, 200; Department of the Interior, 201; Department of
Defense, 203; Department of Commerce, 205; Department of En-
ergy, 208; Department of State, 208; National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA), 208; National Science Foundation,
209
Advisory Groups, 214
Interdisciplinary Programs, 215
Marine Research in Canada, 216
The Law of the Sea and Scientific Research, 218
References and Bibliography, 221
B.I ADVANCES IN GEOPHYSICAL METHODS FOR THE
DETECTION OF HYDROCARBONS Carl H. Savit 222
Introduction, 222
How Advances Have Been Made, 222
Why We Have Delays, 224
Where We Are Today, 224
Where We Are Going, 225
Ideas for the Future, 227
B.2 MULTICHANNEL SEISMIC-REFLECTION SYSTEMS
WITH SOME APPLICATIONS TO CONTINENTAL
margins Edgar S. Driver and N. Wayne Lauritzen 229
Definition, 229
Velocity Extraction, 229
Noise Suppression, 230
Application of the CDP Techniques to Problems in Marine
Geology, 233
B.3 seismic data processing P.G.Mathieu 238
Introduction, 238
Computer Environment, 238
Computer Processes, 239
I Data-Arrangement Processes, 239; II Data-Enhancement Pro-
cesses, 240; III Interpretive Processing, 253
Conclusions, 258
B.4 INTEGRATED APPROACHES TO THE INTERPRETATION
OF GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC DATA IN PETROLEUM
EXPLORATION: APPLICATIONS TO CONTINENTAL-
MARGIN TECTONIC STUDIES J. G. Smith 259
Summary, 259
Introduction, 259
Differentiation and Resolution of Compositional and Struc-
tural Elements within the Shallow Sedimentary Mantle of
the Continental Margin, 260
Resolution of the Deep Structural Framework of Continental
Margins, 260
Regional Mapping of Structural and Compositional Elements
of Continental Margins, 262
Xlll
Contents
B.5 bright-spot interpretation Ross A. Deegan 267
Introduction, 267
Effect of Hydrocarbons on Acoustic Properties, 267
Interpretation of Bright-Spot Response, 269
Discussion, 272
References, 272
B.6 USE OF SHEAR WAVES IN THE OFFSHORE
environment M.D. Cochran 273
References, 275
B.7 well logging L. L. Raymer 276
Wellsite Techniques, 276
Porosity-Lithology, 276; Saturation and Hydrocarbon Movability,
278; Comprehensive Shaly-Sand Interpretation, 279; Interpreta-
tion in Complex Lithologies, 283
Computerized Logging, 283
Bibliography, 284
C RESEARCH VESSEL HOLLIS HEDBERG: EXPLORATION
capabilities Gulf Oil Corporation 285
Introduction, 285
System Capability, 286
Ship Capability, 286; Data Acquisition and Processing, 286
XIV
|
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| spelling | Continental margins 1979 txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geological and geophysical research needs and problems. Ad hoc panel to investigate the geolog. and geophys. research needs and problems of continental margins.<br>Washington/D.C.: Nat. Acad. of Sciences 1979.XXVI, 302 S.m.Abb., Taf.u.Kt. 4 (National Research Council / Ocean Sciences Board) HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010826868&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Continental margins Geological and geophysical research needs and problems. Ad hoc panel to investigate the geolog. and geophys. research needs and problems of continental margins.<br>Washington/D.C.: Nat. Acad. of Sciences 1979.XXVI, 302 S.m.Abb., Taf.u.Kt. 4 (National Research Council / Ocean Sciences Board) |
| title | Continental margins |
| title_auth | Continental margins |
| title_exact_search | Continental margins |
| title_full | Continental margins |
| title_fullStr | Continental margins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Continental margins |
| title_short | Continental margins |
| title_sort | continental margins |
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