Jugoistočna Srbija u periodu srpske nacionalne revolucije: 1804 - 1878 2
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| Format: | Buch |
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Inst. za Političke Studije
2002
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| Beschreibung: | 318 S. Kt. |
| ISBN: | 8690332510 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804130542945304576 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | САДРЖАЈ
Период
IV
ОД САДРАЗАМОВОГ ВРЕМЕНА ДО
ОСНИВАЊА
ТАЈНОГ
КОМИТЕТА ЗА
ОСЛОБОЂЕЊЕ
1874.
ГОДИНЕ
7
Питање господарлука.
Долазак Великог
везира
Мехмед Кибризли-паше
I860,
године
7
Варошка и традиционална
култура
20
Етнички процеси
32
Привреда
44
Развој школства
и просвете
75
Српска
књига
115
Бугарска
егзархија
у
епархијама Југоисточне Србије
131
Период
V
ПОСЛЕДЊЕ
ГОДИНЕ ТУРСКОГ ГОСПОДСТВА
145
Село и
сељаци уочи ослобођења
145
Ослободилачки покрет пред
крај турске
власти.
Први Српско-турски рат
1876.
године
153
Други Српско-турски рат и
ослобођење
Југоисточне Србије
1877-1878.
године
160
Добровољци
учесници у Другом српско-турском рату.
ЕЬихов састав, улога и
значај
186
Почеци изградкье националне управе
196
Од Санстефанског мира до Берлинског
конгреса
214
Статистичко-демографске прилике у
Југоисточној Србији
у
време
ослобођења
од Турака
231
Народна медицина за
време
Турака. Први лекари и апотекари
237
Закључак
255
Summary
259
Скраћенице
263
Необјављени
извори
265
Објављени
извори
269
Литература
279
Регистар личних имена
301
Поговор: Академик Владимир
Стојанчевић:
Новоослобођени крајеви Србије
1877-1878.
у светлости
једне значајне историјске студије
-
поводом
125
година
ослобођења Југоисточне Србије
- 311
Белешка
о аутору
317
SUMMARY
Considering the geographical, administrative and population area
,
from the late
1
8th to
the early
1
9th century, the southeast Serbia was the territory of the former medieval Serbian state
of the 14th century, currently subordinated to the Turkish government. The territory was ethni¬
cally quite clear and compact, particularly in the countryside. It was governed on agrar¬
ian-juridical policy derived from the »timar-spahian« feudal system predominant in the Ottoman
Empire.
As far as
1877-78,
the area of the southeast Serbia was within the jurisdiction of the
Turkish Empire.lt can t be stated for sure how much the historical events on this territory influ¬
enced the change of the relation between the Turkish authorities and the Serbs, on one side, and
the anti-Turkish liberation movement in the districts of
Niš,
Pirot, Vranje, Leskovac and
Toplica
on the other, endangered the survival of the Turkish administration.
In the period between the First Serbian Uprising in
1804
and the Serbian-Turkish Wars,
from
1876
to
1878,
a thorough change of the relations between the Turkish administration and
the Serbs was in progress. Having strived to Moslemize the non-Turkish population in the Bal¬
kans, the Turks provoked constant resistance of the Christian non-Muslim subjects, and the
Serbs demonstration of the idea of liberation, what finally led to the military conflict. The state
reforms »nizami-dzedid« were meant to reorganize and to strengthen the Turkish Empire on the
basis of new fiscal policy which meant much worse social and economic position for the Chris¬
tian non-Muslim subjects because of the new taxes. Concerning the agrarian-juridical relations,
the major issue was the
dispite
about the so-called manor estates. The dispute was associated to
dispossession of peasants land properties, the extortion of their land-registry certificates, and the
transformation of the former spahi-estates into landowners farming manor-estates, or »chiftlik«.
The Arbanon colonization of the western territories of the
»kaza«
(juridical-administrative dis¬
trict) of Prokuplje, Vranje and Leskovac, new masters, chiftlik-sahibi
aga
and sub-pasha in the
villages of the south-Morava region at the end of the
1
8th century, influenced both the position of
the autonomy of Serbia and of the Serbian communities in the country. The Serbian administra¬
tion was repealed and new administrative representatives of the Turkish regional pasha were ap¬
pointed. New institutions
,
as well as new legal obligations destabilized and disturbed the former
legal civil rights of the populace of Serbia, their social life and the Christian way of life on the
whole, under the Turkish domination as well.
The collapse of the timar-spahian feudal system was preceeded by dispossession of
peasants land-properties what led to social-class conflict between the oppresive regime and de¬
prived and legally unprotected Serbian populace of the southeast Serbia. The conflict was pro¬
voked by wandering of sub-pasha in command of their army leader Papazoglu from the Pashalic
of
Vidin
at the beginning of the 19th century, into the towns of the nahiya of
Niš
and Pirot, and
the Arbanon »bashi-bozouks« (members of the irregular Turkish mercenary military units) into
the Serbian villages of the
kaza
of Prokuplje, Leskovac and Vranje. Frequent attacks of the Turk-
259
ish »tevtish«
and inconsiderate plunders of the Serbian villages after the breaking out of the First
Serbian Uprising in the Pashalic of Belgrade in
1804,
intensified the preparations for the Na¬
tional Uprising of the people in the »nahiya« (military -administrative area) of Pirot and
Niš,at
the beginning of
1805,
followed by the nahiya of Prokuplje and Leskovac, and finally by the
kaza
of Vranje. The rebellion of the populace of nahiya of
Niš,
Pirot, Leskovac and Prokuplje was of
crucial importance for the social-political history of the whole southeast Serbia. The mountain¬
ous region of
Visok
in the nahiya of Pirot,
Poreèje
and Lower Jablanica in the nahiya of
Leskovac,
Crna Trava
and Vlasina in the nahiya of Vranje and the Siasevo Gorge in the nahiya of
Niš,
were to become the districts which would establish political and organizational connections
between the populace of the southeast Serbia and the Serbian territory liberated in the course of
the First Serbian Uprising. Either by their own efforts or aided by the rebels from the Pashalic of
Belgrade the populace of the sotheast Serbia persisted in their aspiration to break free from the
official Turkish domination. In the course of the First Serbian Uprising the territory of the South¬
east Serbia was the political and military center both of Karadjordje and the Principality of Serbia
officials
.
After a few rebellions and uprisings and the population s emigration to the liberated
Serbia,, the populace of the southeast Serbia gained an important role in the political and military
history of the restored Serbian state. Within the jurisdiction of the Serbian military units at the
south front of the district of
Niš,
there were the outstanding army leaders who were in command
of the military service conscripts in charge of guarding the border-line. Those were the army
leaders from the district of Pirot, Marinko and
Mita
Petrovias, Strelja Petrovias
,
Karadjordje s
blood brother and the army leader from the district of Leskovac, the Popovias brothers from the
district of
Niš,
Rista Isailovias
from the district of Prokuplje,Nikola Mandrda, the flag bearer
from
Poljanica
in the nahiya of Vranje, the leading man of Leskovac Momir Stojanoviae, Stefan
Divkovise the tradesman from
Niš,
Proka the teacher from the nahiya of Pirot,
Stojan
the priest
from
Velika Grabovica
and many others. Both the emigration of about
60,000
people from this
territory to the liberated region of the Northern Serbia and the advance of Arbanon military units
from Golac and Lab in the direction of Prokuplje, Lebane, Bujanovac, and the villages of
Poljanica
and Masurica in the district of Vranje, caused the weakening of the national move¬
ments and rebellions in the southeast Serbia.
The political, agrarian and religious relations between the Turkish authorities and the
populace of Serbia were characterized by constant Turkish oppresion and violence over the Ser¬
bian population. At the time coinciding with the Greek Uprising
,
in
1821,
a great persecution of
the leading Serbs began, ending up in execution of the »martyrs« of the town of
Niš.
Afterwards,
the leading men of
Niš,
Leskovac and Pirot were banished because they persisted in their aspira¬
tions to include their nahiya within the new boundary lines which had been drawn between the
Serbian territory and the Turkish Empire. Inconsiderate reprisals and repeated population s emi¬
gration to Serbia were caused by wide-spread anti-feudal Uprising including all five nahiya of
the southeast Serbia. In
1843
and
1844,
the populace of the district of Vranje were particularly
oppresed by the Arnaut military units, and in
1846,
the inhabitants from the district of Leskovac
who had previously been forced to emigrate were
persistant
in their aspirations to organize new
National Uprising, with the support of Prince
Miloš
(who had previously emigrated), and to at¬
tach the territory of the southeast Serbia and
Zagorje
in
tne
western Bulgaria to the Principality of
Serbia. At the mid
1
840s and
1
850s, the southeast Serbia was linked to the secret political organi¬
zation which had been established under the influence of
Ilija Garašanin s
political programme
called »The Draft of Serbian Foreign Policy«
(Naèertanije,
1844).
Unfortunatelly, the unsettled
national-political circumstances hindered the Serbian plan to gather people in the common cause
of liberation from the Turkish rule, from being realized. The Crimean War obliged the Serbs to
take to the neutral attitude, henceforth bringing about the cancellation in actualizing the na-
260
tional-political concept outlined in
Garašanin s
»Draft«. In the course of the Crimean War, from
1853
to
1856,
the districts of
Niš,
Leskovac and Pirot were ready to offer military support to the
Principality of Serbia in the case of either breaking out of the war with the Turkish Empire or
forcing the river Danube by the Russian military units. This secret activity was particularly to
been forced in
1858
when Prince
Miloš,
and
1860
Prince Mihailo came to power again. The lead¬
ers of all military actions on the territory of southeast Serbia were the former leaders of the Upris¬
ing in
1841
as well as a group of leading men of
Niš
headed by
Kole Rašiae.
At the beginning of
his administration, Prince Mihailo was submitted charges of the Turkish administration on the
territory of the southeast Serbia as well as neighbouring district of Znepolje. The dispute grew up
so extensive that the Russian government couldn t help getting involved as to protect the popu¬
lace from the violence of the local Turkish authorities. Grand Vizier Mehmed Kibrizli Pasha was
given the legal authority to institute an enquiry with reference to the Serbian-Turkish disputes.
His
superintendance tour
also involved the enquiry about the secret Serbian Revolutionary Com¬
mittee, founded in
Niš
in
1874.
The Committee included the districts of Pirot,
Trn, Vranje
and
Gnjilan comprising the territory up to the regions of
Priština
and Prizren. The leading Committee
organizer was Todor Stankovias from the town of
Niš
(who would later be appointed the Serbian
consul in Skoplje and Salonika).
After the Serbian-Turkish War had broken out in
1876,
the Committee provided the
Serbian military units with instructions, weapons and other necessities. In the Second Ser¬
bian-Turkish War in
1877
and
1878,
after the blockade of the fortress of
Niš,
those military units
were heading towards Pirot and
Tra,
Leskovac and Vranje aiming to Prokuplje and
Kuršumlija.
The administrative and economic position of the southeast Serbia provided its populace an op¬
portunity to take part in the course of new Serbian history, sharing the destiny of other liberated
districts during the
1
9th and in the early 20th century. The act of liberation from the Turkish yoke
contributed to a great revolutionary change in the sphere of political, social and economic affairs.
The peasantry, being the most numerous population category, ceased to be subjected to feudal
bondage due to the abolition of the compulsory binds the peasantry had been liable to when they
were bound to the spahi and chiftlik-sahibi.
The 19th century historical past of the southeast Serbia was rich in a series of historical
events which were not only of local importance but going far beyond the local framework they
fitted into the developing processes of the Serbian national history. Political and social circum¬
stances in the southeast Serbia were favourable framework for both foreign and national affairs
and policy of the government of the Principality of Serbia, which was engaged in the efforts to
liberate and unite the population of Serbia currently subordinated to the Turkish government on
the territory of
Niš
comprising the district of SandOak in
1877
and
1878.
A series of historical
events in the second half of the 19th century, particularly in the course of the Serbian-Turkish
Wars in
1877-78,
proved the aspirations of the Serbian government. The continuous, vigorous
fighting of the population of Serbia to break free from the Turkish domination, to live in the na¬
tional community of the Serbian people and to establish their national state, as far as the national
liberation in
1877
and
1878,
provided the continuity of the national history
oň
this territory from
the late Middle Ages up to the 19th century.
Concerning the Turkish rule, the most prominent characteristics of life in
Niš,
Pirot,
Vranje and Leskovac, were reflected in the mutual imprint and interaction between the native
Balkan and the Oriental Turkish culture. The old »Charshiya« (the market or bazaar place), the
towns »mahalle« with its Oriental Turkish-style houses, old Balkan and Oriental crafts, the way
of trading and offering goods or welcoming travellers, along with the artifacts of common mate¬
rial, social and spiritual culture
-
all these things used to make an impressive framework for these
towns,
formany
years after the liberation, up to the beginning of the 20th century. Under the new
261
historical and political cicumstances which were favourable for free national development of
southern Serbia regions, the liberation in
1877-78
propelled the preorientation of migratory
trends; the outflow of Turkish subjects on their way to Turkey was accompanied by the inflow of
Serbian population either from the liberated districts or from the Serbian inland.
Translated by
Slavica
Cvetkovic, Engl. Lang.tch.
262
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:22:42Z |
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| spelling | Lilić, Borislava Verfasser (DE-588)10330519X aut Jugoistočna Srbija u periodu srpske nacionalne revolucije 1804 - 1878 2 Borislava Lilić Beograd Inst. za Političke Studije 2002 318 S. Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier (DE-604)BV017870116 2 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010720955&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010720955&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Lilić, Borislava Jugoistočna Srbija u periodu srpske nacionalne revolucije 1804 - 1878 |
| title | Jugoistočna Srbija u periodu srpske nacionalne revolucije 1804 - 1878 |
| title_auth | Jugoistočna Srbija u periodu srpske nacionalne revolucije 1804 - 1878 |
| title_exact_search | Jugoistočna Srbija u periodu srpske nacionalne revolucije 1804 - 1878 |
| title_full | Jugoistočna Srbija u periodu srpske nacionalne revolucije 1804 - 1878 2 Borislava Lilić |
| title_fullStr | Jugoistočna Srbija u periodu srpske nacionalne revolucije 1804 - 1878 2 Borislava Lilić |
| title_full_unstemmed | Jugoistočna Srbija u periodu srpske nacionalne revolucije 1804 - 1878 2 Borislava Lilić |
| title_short | Jugoistočna Srbija u periodu srpske nacionalne revolucije |
| title_sort | jugoistocna srbija u periodu srpske nacionalne revolucije 1804 1878 |
| title_sub | 1804 - 1878 |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010720955&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010720955&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV017870116 |
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