Joining of plastics: handbook for designers and engineers
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Munich
Hanser [u.a.]
2004
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 543 - 548 |
| Beschreibung: | XXXII, 565 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1569903549 3446224548 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Rotheiser, Jordan |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Joining of plastics |b handbook for designers and engineers |c Jordan Rotheiser |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Munich |b Hanser [u.a.] |c 2004 | |
| 300 | |a XXXII, 565 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. 543 - 548 | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Assemblages (Technologie) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Matières plastiques | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Joints (Engineering) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Plastics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sealing (Technology) | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804130541852688384 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1 Rapid Guidelines for Joining of Plastics and Efficient Use of This Handbook 1
1.1 Efficient Use of This Handbook 1
1.2 Rapid Guidelines for Assembly of Plastics 2
1.2.1 Adhesives (Chapter 7) 2
1.2.1.1 Liquids: Solvent-Based, Water-Based, and Anaerobic Adhesives 2
1.2.1.2 Mastics 3
1.2.1.3 Hot Melts 3
1.2.1.4 Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives 3
1.2.2 Fasteners and Inserts (Chapter 8) 3
1.2.3 Hinges (Chapter 9) 4
1.2.4 Hot Plate/Hot Die/Fusion and Hot Wire/Resistance Welding (Chapter 10) 4
1.2.5 Hot Gas Welding (Chapter 11) 5
1.2.6 Induction Welding (Chapter 12) 5
1.2.7 Insert Molding (Chapter 13) 5
1.2.8 Multipart Molding (Chapter 13) 6
1.2.9 Press Fits/Force Fits/Interference Fits/Shrink Fits (Chapter 14) .... 6
1.2.10 Solvent Joining (Chapter 7) 6
1.2.11 Snap Fits (Chapter 15) 7
1.2.12 Spin Welding (Chapter 16) 7
1.2.13 Staking/Swaging/Peening/Cold Heading/Cold Forming (Chapter 17) . 7
1.2.14 Threads-Molded in (Chapter 18) 8
1.2.15 Threads-Tapped (Chapter 18) 8
1.2.16 Ultrasonic Welding (Chapter 19) 8
1.2.17 Vibration Welding (Chapter 20) 9
1.2.18 Welding with Lasers 9
1.3 Assembly Methods Selection by Size 9
1.4 Assembly Methods Selection by Joining Time 11
2 Designing for Efficient Assembly 12
2.1 Avoiding Part Distortion 12
2.2 Inside Corner Stress 13
2.3 Ribs and Bosses 14
2.4 Draft 15
2.5 Shrinkage 17
2.6 Fitments 19
2.6.1 Drawing Conventions for Plastic Assembly 19
2.6.2 Importance of Tolerancing for Assembly 21
2.6.3 Special Drafting Practices for Plastics 22
2.6.4 Procedure for Establishing Tolerances 26
2.7 Design Practices for Looser Tolerances in Plastics 27
2.7.1 Three-Point Location 28
2.7.2 Hollow Bosses 28
xiv Contents
2.7.3 Crash Ribs 30
2.7.4 Flexible Ribs 31
2.7.5 Inside/Outside Fitments 32
2.7.6 Step Fitments 32
2.8 More Relaxed Tolerances for Large Parts 33
2.8.1 Drill in Place 33
2.8.2 Oversize Hole with Washer 33
2.8.3 Criss Cross Slots 33
2.8.4 Separation of Functions 34
2.8.5 Corner Clearance 34
2.9 Semidovetail Joint 35
2.10 Minimizing the Effect of Misalignment on Appearance 36
2.11 The Plastic Product Design for Assembly Checklist 36
2.12 Testing 36
3 Cost Reduction in Assembly 40
3.1 Introduction 40
3.2 The Micro Approach to Part Reduction 40
3.2.1 Combining Parts Through Materials 41
3.2.2 Combining Parts Through Processes 42
3.3 The Macro Approach to Part Reduction 43
3.3.1 Multiple Material Processing 47
3.3.2 Coextrusion 48
3.3.3 Coinjection Molding 49
3.3.4 Multipart or Two-Color Injection Molding 49
3.4 Elimination of Fasteners 49
3.4.1 Multiple Parts per Fastener 50
3.4.2 Press and Snap Fits 50
3.4.3 Integral Hinges 51
3.4.4 Combining Fastener Elimination Concepts 52
3.5 Holistic Design 53
3.5.1 The Overall Design Considerations 53
3.5.2 The Thread Design 54
3.5.3 The Processing Considerations 55
3.5.4 The Tooling Considerations 56
3.5.5 Execution 56
3.5.6 Toward Holistic Design 57
4 Design for Disassembly and Recycling 58
4.1 Introduction 58
4.2 Design for Disassembly 59
4.2.1 Reopenable Assemblies 59
4.2.2 Permanent Assemblies 63
4.3 Design for Recycling 65
4.3.1 Simplification 65
4.3.2 Assembly Method Selection 65
4.3.2.1 Reopenable Methods 65
4.3.2.2 Permanent Methods 66
Contents xv
4.3.3 Material Selection 66
4.3.4 Additives 67
4.3.5 Contaminants 68
4.3.6 Material Reduction 68
4.3.7 Identification and Disassembly Instructions 70
5 Assembly Method Selection by Material 71
5.1 Thermoplastics Versus Thermosets 71
5.2 Amorphous Versus Semicrystalline Thermoplastics 72
5.2.1 Postmolding Shrinkage 73
5.2.2 Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion 73
5.2.3 Weldability 74
5.2.4 Solvent Sealability 74
5.3 Thermosets 74
5.4 Assembly Method by Material 75
5.4.1 Properties and Assembly-Related Data for Selected Materials 79
5.4.2 Adhesives 112
5.4.3 Using the SPI Tables 112
6 Assembly Method Selection by Process 154
6.1 Introduction 154
6.2 Blow Molding 154
6.2.1 The Process 154
6.2.2 Assembly Considerations 155
6.3 Casting, Potting Encapsulation, and Embedment 156
6.3.1 The Processes 156
6.3.2 Assembly Considerations 157
6.4 Coextrusion 157
6.5 Co-Injection Molding 157
6.6 Cold Press Molding 157
6.6.1 The Process 157
6.6.2 Assembly Considerations 158
6.7 Compression Molding 159
6.7.1 The Process 159
6.7.2 BMC: Bulk Molding Compound 159
6.7.3 SMC: Sheet Molding Compound 159
6.7.4 Assembly Considerations 159
6.8 Extrusion 160
6.8.1 The Process 160
6.8.2 Coextrusion 161
6.8.3 Assembly Considerations 162
6.9 Filament Winding 163
6.9.1 The Process 163
6.9.2 Assembly Considerations 164
6.10 Gas-Assisted Injection Molding 164
6.11 Gas Counter Pressure Structural Foam Molding 164
xvi Contents
6.12 Injection Molding 164
6.12.1 The Process 164
6.12.2 Assembly Considerations 165
6.13 Lay-up and Spray-up 166
6.13.1 The Processes 166
6.13.2 Assembly Considerations 166
6.14 Machining 167
6.14.1 The Process 167
6.14.2 Thermoplastics 168
6.14.3 Thermosets 169
6.14.4 Assembly Considerations 169
6.15 Pultrusion 169
6.15.1 The Process 169
6.15.2 Assembly Considerations 170
6.16 Reaction Injection Molding (RIM) 171
6.16.1 The Process 171
6.16.2 Assembly Considerations 172
6.17 Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) 172
6.17.1 The Process 172
6.17.2 Assembly Considerations 173
6.18 Rotational Molding 174
6.18.1 The Process 174
6.18.2 Assembly Considerations 175
6.19 Structural Foam Molding, Gas Counterpressure Structural Foam Molding,
and Coinjection Molding 176
6.19.1 The Processes 176
6.19.2 Assembly Considerations 178
6.20 Thermoforming 179
6.20.1 The Processes 179
6.20.2 Thin-Gauge Thermoforming 180
6.20.3 Heavy-Gauge Thermoforming 181
6.20.4 Pressure Thermoforming 181
6.20.5 Other Forming Processes 182
6.20.6 Assembly Considerations 182
6.21 Twin-Sheet Thermoforming 183
6.21.1 The Process 183
6.21.2 Assembly Considerations 183
6.22 Transfer Molding 183
6.22.1 The Process 183
6.22.2 Assembly Considerations 184
6.23 Process Selection 184
6.23.1 Thermoplastic Open Shapes 186
6.23.2 Thermoset Open Shapes 187
6.23.3 Hollow Parts 188
6.23.4 Profiles 189
6.23.5 Ultra High Strength 189
Contents xvii
7 Adhesive and Solvent Joining 190
7.1 Advantages and Disadvantages 190
7.1.1 Advantages 190
7.1.2 Disadvantages 192
7.2 Basic Theory and Terminology 193
7.3 Methods for Measuring the Wettability of a Plastic Surface 194
7.3.1 Contact Angle Test 194
7.3.2 Wetting Tension Test (ASTM D-2578-73, Wetting Tension of
Polyethylene and Polypropylene Films) 195
7.3.3 Adhesion Ratio Test (Tentative ASTM D-2141-63R) 195
7.3.4 Water Spreading Test 196
7.3.5 Dye Stain Test 196
7.3.6 Ink Retention Test 197
7.4 Surface Treatments 197
7.4.1 Solvent Cleaning 197
7.4.1.1 Solvent Immersion 198
7.4.1.2 Solvent Wiping 198
7.4.1.3 Solvent Spray 199
7.4.1.4 Vapor Degreasing 199
7.4.1.5 Ultrasonic Vapor Degreasing 199
7.4.1.6 Ultrasonic Cleaning with Liquid Rinse 199
7.4.2 Abrasive Methods 199
7.4.2.1 Dry Abrasion 199
7.4.2.2 Dry Abrasive Blast 200
7.4.2.3 Wet Abrasive Blast 200
7.4.2.4 Wet Abrasive Scour 200
7.4.2.5 Detergent Scrub 200
7.4.3 Surface Energy Treatments and Process Selection Factors 201
7.4.3.1 Chemical Treatment 201
7.4.3.2 Corona Treatment 201
7.4.3.3 Plasma Treatment 202
7.4.3.4 Flame Treatment 203
7.4.3.5 Process Selection Factors 203
7.4.4 Shelf Life of Surface Treatments 204
7.5 Design for Adhesion 204
7.5.1 Shear Stress 204
7.5.2 Tensile Stress 205
7.5.3 Cleavage 205
7.5.4 Peel 205
7.5.5 Adhesive Joint Designs 205
7.5.5.1 Load-Bearing or Non-Load-Bearing Joints 205
7.5.5.2 Lap Joints 206
7.5.5.3 Butt Joints 211
7.5.5.4 Screw and Glue 214
7.6 Adhesives 215
7.6.1 Acrylics 215
7.6.2 Anaerobics 216
7.6.3 Cyanoacrylates 222
xviii Contents
7.6.4 Epoxies 223
7.6.5 Hot Melts 223
7.6.6 Phenolics 224
7.6.7 Polyurethanes 224
7.6.8 Polysulfides 225
7.6.9 Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives 225
7.6.10 Silicones 225
7.6.11 Solvent-Based Adhesives 225
7.6.12 Water-Based Adhesives 226
7.7 Solvents 226
7.8 Adhesive and Solvent Assembly Techniques 228
7.8.1 Fixturing 228
7.8.2 Clamping 229
7.8.3 Application Methods 230
7.8.3.1 Capillary Method 231
7.8.3.2 Dip or Soak Method 231
7.9 Adhesive and Solvent System Selection 232
7.10 Glossary 234
7.11 Sources 236
8 Fasteners and Inserts 239
8.1 Advantages and Disadvantages 239
8.1.1 Advantages of Using Fasteners 239
8.1.2 Disadvantages of Using Fasteners 239
8.2 Basic Design Considerations for Fasteners 241
8.2.1 Creep Effects 241
8.2.2 Stress Relaxation Effects 242
8.2.3 Notch Sensitivity 242
8.2.4 Craze Resistance 243
8.2.5 Stiffness Considerations 244
8.2.6 Differentials in the Coefficients of Linear Thermal Expansion 244
8.2.7 Loss of Properties Due to Moisture 245
8.2.8 Clamp Load 245
8.2.8.1 Strain Method 245
8.2.8.2 Torque Method 246
8.2.9 Vibration Resistance 247
8.3 Methods of Using Fasteners with Plastics 247
8.3.1 Press-in Fasteners 248
8.3.2 Self-Tapping Screws 249
8.3.2.1 Strength of Plastic Threads 249
8.3.2.2 Thread-Forming and Thread-Cutting Screws 251
8.3.3 Special Screws for Plastics 253
8.3.3.1 Narrow Thread Forms 254
8.3.3.2 Alternating Thread Heights 254
8.3.3.3 Asymmetrical Thread Forms 254
8.4 Selection of Self-Tapping Screws 254
8.4.1 Cost Criteria 254
8.4.2 Fail/Drive Ratio and Differential 255
Contents xix
8.4.3 Strength Criteria 255
8.4.4 Thread Cutting or Thread Forming 256
8.4.5 Tapped or Molded-in Threads 257
8.5 Threaded Inserts: Advantages 258
8.6 Boss Cap 259
8.7 Helical Coil Inserts 259
8.8 Self-Tapping Inserts 260
8.9 Press-in Inserts 260
8.10 Glue-in Inserts 261
8.11 Expansion Inserts 261
8.12 Molded-in Inserts 262
8.13 Ultrasonic Inserts 262
8.14 Heat-Installed Inserts 265
8.15 Induction Inserts 266
8.16 Hermetic Seals 267
8.17 Studs 267
8.18 Insert Design Considerations 267
8.19 U-orJ-Clips 268
8.20 Tee Nuts 269
8.21 Machine Screws 269
8.22 Tapping and Stud Plates 271
8.23 Plastic Screws 271
8.24 Screw Heads and Washers 272
8.25 Boss Designs 272
8.25.1 Design Criteria 272
8.25.2 Boss Sinks 273
8.25.2.1 Coring 273
8.25.2.2 Location 275
8.25.2.3 Support 275
8.25.2.4 Material 276
8.25.2.5 Surface Treatment 276
8.25.3 Weld Lines 276
8.26 Self-Threading Nuts 278
8.27 Twist Nuts 278
8.28 Press-on Nuts 278
8.29 Spring Clips 279
8.30 Push-in Fasteners 279
8.31 Rivets 279
8.32 Sources 281
8.32.1 Fasteners 281
8.32.2 Threaded-Insert 282
8.32.3 Thermal Insertion Equipment 283
8.32.4 Induction Insertion Equipment 283
8.32.5 Ultrasonic Insertion Equipment 283
9 Hinges 284
9.1 Advantages and Disadvantages 284
9.1.1 Advantages 284
9.1.2 Disadvantages 284
xx Contents
9.2 One-Piece Integral Hinges 284
9.2.1 The Living Hinge 285
9.2.1.1 Living Hinge Design 286
9.2.1.2 Living Hinge Molding Considerations 289
9.2.1.3 Living Hinges by Other Processes 293
9.2.2 The Mira Spring Hinge 296
9.2.3 Standard Hinges 298
9.2.4 Tab Hinges 298
9.3 Two-Piece Plastic Hinges 298
9.3.1 Ball-and-socket Hinges 299
9.3.2 Two-Piece Lug-and-Pin Joint 300
9.3.3 Hook-and-Eye Joint 300
9.4 Three-Piece Hinges 301
9.4.1 Three-Piece Lug and Pin 301
9.4.2 Piano Hinge 302
9.5 Latches 302
9.5.1 Snaps 302
9.5.2 Rathbun Spring 302
9.6 Number of Hinges and Location 302
10 Hot Plate/Hot Die/Fusion and Hot Wire/Resistance Welding 304
10.1 Advantages and Disadvantages 304
10.1.1 Description 304
10.1.2 Advantages 304
10.1.3 Disadvantages 305
10.2 Materials 306
10.3 The Process 307
10.4 Types of Hot Plate Welding 311
10.4.1 Low Temperature Hot Plate Welding 311
10.4.2 High Temperature Hot Plate Welding 311
10.4.3 Noncontact Hot Plate Welding 312
10.5 Hot Plate Welding Joint Designs 312
10.6 Equipment 314
10.7 Hot Wire/Resistance Welding 315
10.8 Sources 316
11 Hot Gas Welding 317
11.1 Advantages and Disadvantages 317
11.1.1 Advantages 317
11.1.2 Disadvantages 317
11.2 The Process 318
11.2.1 Tack Welding 318
11.2.2 Permanent Hot Gas Welding 319
11.2.3 High Speed Welding 320
11.2.4 Extrusion Welding 322
11.3 Joint Designs 322
Contents xxi
11.4 Welding Practice 324
11.4.1 Appearance Problems 325
11.4.2 Cracking Problems 326
11.4.3 Distortion 326
11.4.4 Fusion Problems 326
11.4.5 Penetration 327
11.4.6 Porosity 327
11.4.7 Scorching 327
11.5 Testing the Weld 327
11.5.1 Nondestructive Testing 327
11.5.1.1 Visual Examination 327
11.5.1.2 Leak Tests 328
11.5.2 Destructive Tests 328
11.5.2.1 Tensile Test 328
11.5.2.2 Bending Test 328
11.5.2.3 Rod Removal Test 328
11.5.3 Chemical Test 329
11.5.4 Spark Test 329
11.6 Applications 329
11.7 Sources 329
11.7.1 Welding Rods 329
11.7.2 Welding Equipment 329
11.7.3 Welding Rod and Equipment 330
12 Induction/Electromagnetic Welding 331
12.1 Description 331
12.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 331
12.2.1 Advantages 331
12.2.2 Disadvantages 332
12.3 The Equipment 333
12.4 The Process 335
12.5 The Coil 336
12.5.1 Single-Turn Coils 336
12.5.2 Hairpin Coils 336
12.5.3 Multi-Turn Coils 337
12.5.4 Split Coils 338
12.5.5 Other Types of Coils 338
12.5.6 Coil Positioning 338
12.5.7 Flux Concentrators 339
12.6 Materials 339
12.6.1 Polymers 339
12.6.2 The Electromagnetic Material 339
12.6.2.1 Molded-in Pre-Forms 340
12.6.2.2 Hot Melt Electromagnetic Materials 341
12.6.2.3 Liquid Electromagnetic Materials 341
12.7 Joint Designs 341
12.8 Encapsulation 344
xxii Contents
12.9 Film and Sheeting 344
12.9.1 Intermittent Sealing 345
12.9.2 Continuous Sealing 345
12.10 Inserting Metal into Plastic 345
12.11 Sources 346
13 Insert and Multipart Molding 347
13.1 Description 347
13.2 Insert Molding 347
13.2.1 Advantages of Insert Molding 347
13.2.2 Disadvantages of Insert Molding 348
13.2.3 Design with Threaded Inserts 349
13.2.4 Mold Considerations for Threaded Inserts 352
13.2.5 Custom-Designed Inserts 354
13.2.6 Outserts: Inserts Larger than the Moldment 358
13.2.7 Hermetic Seals 359
13.2.8 Preparation of Inserts 360
13.2.9 Decorative Inserts 360
13.3 Multi-Part Molding 362
13.3.1 Description 362
13.3.2 Advantages Particular to Multipart Molding 363
13.3.3 Disadvantages Particular to Multi-part Molding 363
13.3.4 The Process 364
13.3.5 Materials 365
13.4 Sources 367
14 Press Fits/Force Fits/Interference Fits/Shrink Fits 368
14.1 Advantages and Disadvantages 368
14.1.1 Advantages 368
14.1.2 Disadvantages 368
14.2 Press Fit Engineering 369
14.2.1 Engineering Notation 369
14.2.2 Geometric Factor 370
14.2.3 Changes Due to Temperature Variations 370
14.2.4 Hoop Stress 371
14.2.4.1 Metal Shaft in Plastic Boss 371
14.2.4.2 Shaft and Boss of Same Material 372
14.2.4.3 Shaft and Boss of Different Plastics 372
14.2.4.4 Quick Methods 372
14.2.5 Assembly and Disassembly Forces 373
14.2.6 Dimensional Changes Due to Assembly 374
14.2.7 Relationships 374
14.2.8 Equation Limitations 374
14.3 Safety Factor 380
14.4 Processing 380
14.5 Material Selection 380
Contents xxiii
14.6 Part Design 381
14.6.1 Heavy-Duty Press Fits 381
14.6.2 Light-Duty or Reopenable Press Fits 381
14.6.3 Other than Round 382
15 Snap Fits 384
15.1 Advantages and Disadvantages 384
15.1.1 Advantages 384
15.1.2 Disadvantages 385
15.2 General Applications 386
15.3 General Engineering Principles 386
15.3.1 Allowable Dynamic Strain 386
15.3.2 Corner Stress Concentrations 387
15.3.3 Engineering Adjustments When Both Parts Are Elastic 388
15.3.4 Finite Element Analysis 389
15.4 Cantilever Snap Fits 389
15.4.1 Cantilever Snap Fit Designs 389
15.4.2 Cantilever Snap Fit Engineering 392
15.5 Cylindrical, Ring, Perimeter, or Annular Snap Fits 398
15.5.1 Cylindrical Snap Fit Designs 398
15.5.2 Engineering of Cylindrical, Ring, Perimeter, or Annular Snap Fits . 399
15.5.2.1 Maximum Permissible Interference 399
15.5.2.2 Transverse and Axial Forces 400
15.6 Torsion Snap Fits 403
15.6.1 Torsion Snap Fit Designs 403
15.6.2 Engineering of Torsion Snap Fits 403
15.7 Strippable Snap Fits 405
15.8 The Injection Molding Process 406
15.9 Molds for Snap Fits 407
15.9.1 The Basics of Injection Mold Construction 407
15.9.2 Ejection and Cooling Systems for Stripping Molds 409
15.9.3 Cores for Nonstripping Molds 411
15.9.4 Snap Fit Details in the Mold Cavity 413
15.10 Conclusions 415
16 Spin Welding 417
16.1 Description of Spin Welding 417
16.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Spin Welding 417
16.2.1 Advantages 417
16.2.2 Disadvantages 418
16.3 Spin Welding Process 419
16.4 Materials 421
16.5 Design for Spin Welding 423
16.5.1 Overall Design Considerations 423
16.5.2 Joint Designs 423
xxiv Contents
16.6 The Equipment for Spin Welding 425
16.6.1 Drill-Press-Based Spin Welders 425
16.6.1.1 Tooling for Drill-Press-Based Inertial Welding 425
16.6.1.2 Tooling for Drill-Press-Based Pivot Tool Welding . . . . 426
16.6.2 Commercial Inertia Spin Welders 426
16.6.3 Commercial Direct-Drive Spin Welders 428
16.7 Sources 430
17 Staking/Swaging/Peening/Cold Heading/Cold Forming 431
17.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Staking/Cold Forming 431
17.1.1 Advantages 431
17.1.2 Disadvantages 432
17.2 Staking 432
17.2.1 Cold Forming of Stakes 433
17.2.2 Hot Air/Cold Staking 435
17.2.3 Ultrasonic Cold Forming 436
17.2.4 Hot Die Forming of Stakes (Thermal Staking) 438
17.2.5 Ultrasonic Hot Forming of Stakes 438
17.2.6 Laser Staking 439
17.3 Stake Design 439
17.3.1 The Stud 439
17.3.2 Stake Heads 441
17.4 Swaging 443
17.5 Sources 444
17.5.1 Thermal Staking 444
17.5.2 Hot Air/Cold Staking 445
17.5.3 Laser Staking 445
17.5.4 Ultrasonic 445
18 Threads: Tapped and Molded-in 446
18.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Integral Threads 446
18.1.1 Advantages Common to Threads of Both Types 446
18.1.2 Disadvantages Common to Threads of Both Types 446
18.2 Drilled and Tapped Holes in Plastics 447
18.2.1 Advantages Unique to Tapped Threads 447
18.2.2 Disadvantages Unique to Tapped Threads 447
18.2.3 Drilling Holes in Plastics 448
18.2.4 Reaming Holes in Plastics 449
18.2.5 Tapping Holes in Plastics 449
18.3 Molded Threads in Plastics 452
18.3.1 Advantages Unique to Molded-in Threads 452
18.3.2 Disadvantages Unique to Molded-in Threads 452
18.3.3 Thread Design 452
18.3.4 Molds for Threads 454
18.3.4.1 Stripping Molds for Internal Threads 455
18.3.4.2 Collapsing Core Molds for Internal Threads 456
18.3.4.3 Expandable Cavity Molds for External Threads 458
18.3.4.4 Split-Cavity Molds for External Threads 458
Contents xxv
18.3.4.5 Unscrewing Molds for Internal Threads 460
18.3.4.6 Unscrewing Chuck Plate Mold 460
18.3.4.7 Molds for Parts with Less than One Turn of Thread . . . 460
18.4 Sources 461
18.4.1 Collapsing Cores and Cavities 461
18.4.2 Unscrewing Chuck 461
19 Ultrasonic Welding 462
19.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Ultrasonic Welding 462
19.1.1 Advantages 462
19.1.2 Disadvantages 463
19.2 General Applications 464
19.3 The Principal of Ultrasonic Welding 464
19.4 Materials for Ultrasonic Welding 465
19.4.1 Additives and Contaminants 468
19.4.1.1 Colorants 468
19.4.1.2 Fillers, Extenders, and Fibrous Reinforcements 468
19.4.1.3 Flame Retardants 470
19.4.1.4 Foaming Agents 470
19.4.1.5 Impact Modifiers 470
19.4.1.6 Lubricants 470
19.4.1.7 Mold Releases 471
19.4.1.8 Painted Parts 471
19.4.1.9 Plasticizers 471
19.4.1.10 Regrind 471
19.5 Part Design for Ultrasonic Welding 472
19.5.1 Overall Ultrasonic Welding Considerations 472
19.5.1.1 Strength Requirements 472
19.5.1.2 Appearance Requirements 472
19.5.1.3 Rigidity Considerations 472
19.5.2 Joint Fundamentals 475
19.5.2.1 Part Alignment 475
19.5.2.2 Uniform Vibration Travel Distance 476
19.5.2.3 Minimal Initial Contact Area 476
19.5.3 Energy Director Joints 477
19.5.3.1 Butt Joint 477
19.5.3.2 Joint Layout 479
19.5.3.3 Textured Surface 481
19.5.3.4 Step Joint 481
19.5.3.5 Tongue-and-Groove Joint 482
19.5.3.6 Thin-Walled Joint 483
19.5.4 Shear Joints 483
19.5.5 Hermetic Seals 487
19.5.6 Scan Welding 488
19.5.7 Stud Welding, Staking, Swaging, and Spot Welding 488
19.5.7.1 Staking and Swaging 490
19.5.7.2 Stud Welding 490
xxvi Contents
19.5.7.3 Spot Welding 493
19.6 Fabric and Film Sealing 494
19.7 The Ultrasonic Equipment 497
19.7.1 The Basic Principles 497
19.7.2 The Power Supply or Generator 497
19.7.3 The Converter or Transducer 497
19.7.4 The Booster 498
19.7.5 The Horn 499
19.7.6 The Fixture 501
19.7.7 The Controls 502
19.7.8 Equipment Frequency 503
19.7.9 Automation of Ultrasonic Welding 504
19.8 Sources 504
20 Vibration Welding 506
20.1 Advantages and Disadvantages 506
20.1.1 Comparison with Ultrasonic Welding 506
20.1.2 Advantages ofVibration Welding 506
20.1.3 Disadvantages of Vibration Welding 508
20.2 The Process of Vibration Welding 508
20.2.1 Linear Vibration Welding 510
20.2.2 Orbital Vibration Welding 510
20.2.3 Angular Vibration Welding 511
20.3 Materials 511
20.4 Vibration Welding Part Design 513
20.4.1 Basic Considerations 513
20.4.2 Joint Designs for Linear Vibration Welding 515
20.5 The Equipment 518
20.6 Sources 519
21 Welding with Lasers 520
21.1 Advantages and Disadvantages 520
21.1.1 Non-Contact, Surface, Direct, or Butt Laser Welding 520
21.1.2 Laser Staking 521
21.1.3 Through Transmission Infra-Red Laser Welding 521
21.1.4 Advantages of Through Transmission Laser Welding 522
21.1.5 Disadvantages of Through Transmission Laser Welding 524
21.2 The Process of Laser Welding 524
21.2.1 The Laser 524
21.2.2 Basic Through Transmission Laser Welding Methods 526
21.2.3 Spot or Contour Welding 527
21.2.4 Simultaneous Through Transmission Infra-Red (STTIr) Laser
Welding (Also Known as Simultaneous Line or Flash Welding) . . . 529
21.2.5 Quasi-Simultaneous Laser Welding 530
21.2.6 Mask Welding (Leister Patented Process) 531
21.3 Materials for Laser Welding 532
21.3.1 Material Properties Affecting Laser Weldability 532
Contents xxvii
21.3.2 Effects of Refraction Properties on Material Selection 534
21.3.3 Effects of Pigments, Fillers, and Additives on Light Transmission . . 535
21.3.4 Laser Welding Transmitting Materials 536
21.3.5 Compatibility of Plastics for Laser Welding 538
21.4 Joint Designs 538
21.5 Equipment 540
21.6 Applications 541
21.7 Sources 542
References 543
Index 549
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Rotheiser, Jordan |
| author_facet | Rotheiser, Jordan |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Rotheiser, Jordan |
| author_variant | j r jr |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV017868421 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TA455 |
| callnumber-raw | TA455.P5 |
| callnumber-search | TA455.P5 |
| callnumber-sort | TA 3455 P5 |
| callnumber-subject | TA - General and Civil Engineering |
| classification_rvk | UV 9900 ZM 5250 ZM 8405 |
| classification_tum | CIT 720f FER 650f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)54350515 (DE-599)BVBBV017868421 |
| dewey-full | 668.4 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 668 - Technology of other organic products |
| dewey-raw | 668.4 |
| dewey-search | 668.4 |
| dewey-sort | 3668.4 |
| dewey-tens | 660 - Chemical engineering |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Werkstoffwissenschaften Chemie-Ingenieurwesen Fertigungstechnik Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV017868421 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:22:41Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1569903549 3446224548 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2004000939 |
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| physical | XXXII, 565 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2004 |
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| publisher | Hanser [u.a.] |
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| spelling | Rotheiser, Jordan Verfasser aut Joining of plastics handbook for designers and engineers Jordan Rotheiser 2. ed. Munich Hanser [u.a.] 2004 XXXII, 565 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 543 - 548 Assemblages (Technologie) Matières plastiques Joints (Engineering) Plastics Sealing (Technology) Kunststoff (DE-588)4033676-1 gnd rswk-swf Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 gnd rswk-swf Fügen (DE-588)4131313-6 gnd rswk-swf Kunststoffkleben (DE-588)4033696-7 gnd rswk-swf Kunststoffschweißen (DE-588)4033707-8 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 s DE-604 Kunststoffkleben (DE-588)4033696-7 s Kunststoffschweißen (DE-588)4033707-8 s Kunststoff (DE-588)4033676-1 s Fügen (DE-588)4131313-6 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010720141&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Rotheiser, Jordan Joining of plastics handbook for designers and engineers Assemblages (Technologie) Matières plastiques Joints (Engineering) Plastics Sealing (Technology) Kunststoff (DE-588)4033676-1 gnd Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 gnd Fügen (DE-588)4131313-6 gnd Kunststoffkleben (DE-588)4033696-7 gnd Kunststoffschweißen (DE-588)4033707-8 gnd |
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| title | Joining of plastics handbook for designers and engineers |
| title_auth | Joining of plastics handbook for designers and engineers |
| title_exact_search | Joining of plastics handbook for designers and engineers |
| title_full | Joining of plastics handbook for designers and engineers Jordan Rotheiser |
| title_fullStr | Joining of plastics handbook for designers and engineers Jordan Rotheiser |
| title_full_unstemmed | Joining of plastics handbook for designers and engineers Jordan Rotheiser |
| title_short | Joining of plastics |
| title_sort | joining of plastics handbook for designers and engineers |
| title_sub | handbook for designers and engineers |
| topic | Assemblages (Technologie) Matières plastiques Joints (Engineering) Plastics Sealing (Technology) Kunststoff (DE-588)4033676-1 gnd Kunststoffverarbeitung (DE-588)4114335-8 gnd Fügen (DE-588)4131313-6 gnd Kunststoffkleben (DE-588)4033696-7 gnd Kunststoffschweißen (DE-588)4033707-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Assemblages (Technologie) Matières plastiques Joints (Engineering) Plastics Sealing (Technology) Kunststoff Kunststoffverarbeitung Fügen Kunststoffkleben Kunststoffschweißen Lehrbuch |
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