Molecular biology of the gene:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
San Francisco
Pearson/Benjamin Cummings [u.a.]
2004
|
| Ausgabe: | 5. ed., internat. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIX, 732 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM (12 cm) |
| ISBN: | 0321223683 0805346430 0321248643 0805346422 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Molecular biology of the gene |c James D. Watson ... |
| 250 | |a 5. ed., internat. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a San Francisco |b Pearson/Benjamin Cummings [u.a.] |c 2004 | |
| 300 | |a XXIX, 732 S. |b zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. |e 1 CD-ROM (12 cm) | ||
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| 650 | 7 | |a Citogenética |2 larpcal | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Genética molecular |2 larpcal | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cytogenetics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Gene Expression | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Gene Expression Regulation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Genetic Techniques | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Molecular Biology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Molecular biology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Molecular genetics | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804130498727903232 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE GENE F T H E D I T I O N JAMES D. WATSON COLD
SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY TANIA A. BAKER MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY STEPHEN P. BELL MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
ALEXANDER GANN COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS* MICHAEL LEVINE
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY RICHARD LOSICK HARVARD UNIVERSITY
PEARSON BENJAMIN CUMMINGS DETAILED CONTENTS P A R T 1 CHEMISTRY AND
GENETICS C H A P T E R 1 THE MENDELIAN VIEW OF THE WORLD 5 MENDEL S
DISCOVERIES 6 THE PRINCIPLE OF INDEPENDENT SEGREGATION 6 * BOX I I
MENDELIAN LAWS 6 * SOME ALLELES ARE NEITHER DOMINANT NOR RECESSIVE 8 *
PRINCIPLE OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT 8 CHROMOSOMAL THEORY OF HEREDITY 8
GENE LINKAGE AND CROSSING OVER 9 BOX 1 -2 GENES ARE LINKED TO
CHROMOSOMES 10 CHROMOSOME MAPPING 12 THE ORIGIN OF GENETIC VARIABILITY
THROUGH MUTATIONS 15 EARLY SPECULATIONS ABOUT WHAT GENES ARE AND HOW
THEY ACT 16 PRELIMINARY ATTEMPTS TO FIND A GENE-PROTEIN RELATIONSHIP 16
SUMMARY 17 BIBLIOGRAPHY 18 C H A P T E R L NUCLEIC ACIDS CONVEY GENETIC
INFORMATION 19 AVERY S BOMBSHELL: DNA CAN CARRY GENETIC SPECIFICITY 20
VIRAL GENES ARE ALSO NUCLEIC ACIDS 21 THE DOUBLE HELIX 21 BOX 2A
CHARGAFFS RULES 23 * FINDING THE POLYMERASES THAT MAKE DNA 24 *
EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FAVORS STRAND SEPARATION DURING DNA REPLICATION 26
THE GENETIC INFORMATION WITHIN DNA IS CONVEYED BY THE SEQUENCE OF ITS
FOUR NUCLEOTIDE BUILDING BLOCKS 28 DNA CANNOT BE THE TEMPLATE THAT
DIRECTLY ORDERS AMINO ACIDS DURING PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 28 * BOX 2-2
EVIDENCE THAT GENES CONTROL AMINO ACID SEQUENCE IN PROTEINS 29 * RNA IS
CHEMICALLY VERY SIMILAR TO DNA 30 THE CENTRAL DOGMA 31 THE ADAPTOR
HYPOTHESIS OF CRICK 31 * THE TEST-TUBE SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS 32 * THE
PARADOX OF THE NONSPECIFIC-APPEARING RIBOSOMES 32 * DISCOVERY OF
MESSENGER RNA (MRNA) 33 * ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF RNA UPON DNA TEMPLATES
33 * ESTABLISHING THE GENETIC CODE 35 ESTABLISHING THE DIRECTION OF
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 37 START AND STOP SIGNALS ARE ALSO ENCODED WITHIN DNA
38 THE ERA OF GENOMICS 38 SUMMARY 39 BIBLIOGRAPHY 40 DETAILED CONTENTS
CHAPTER 3 THE IMPORTANCE OF WEAK CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS 41
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHEMICAL BONDS 41 CHEMICAL BONDS ARE EXPLAINABLE IN
QUANTUM-MECHANICAL TERMS 42 * CHEMICAL-BOND FORMATION INVOLVES A CHANGE
IN THE FORM OF ENERGY 43 * EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN BOND MAKING AND BREAKING
43 THE CONCEPT OF FREE ENERGY 44 K EQ IS EXPONENTIALLY RELATED TO AG 44
* COVALENT BONDS ARE VERY STRONG 44 WEAK BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 45
WEAK BONDS HAVE ENERGIES BETWEEN 1 AND 7 KCAL/MOL 45 * WEAK BONDS ARE
CONSTANTLY MADE AND BROKEN AT PHYSIOLOGICAL TEMPERATURES 45 * THE
DISTINCTION BETWEEN POLAR AND NONPOLAR MOLECULES 45 * VAN DER WAALS
FORCES 46 * HYDROGEN BONDS 47 * SOME IONIC BONDS ARE HYDROGEN BONDS 47 *
WEAK INTERACTIONS DEMAND COMPLEMENTARY MOLECULAR SURFACES 48 * WATER
MOLECULES FORM HYDROGEN BONDS 49 * WEAK BONDS BETWEEN MOLECULES IN
AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS 49 * BOX 3-1 THE UNIQUENESS OF MOLECULAR SHAPES AND
THE CONCEPT OF SELECTIVE STICKINESS 50 * ORGANIC MOLECULES THAT TEND TO
FORM HYDROGEN BONDS ARE WATER SOLUBLE 51 * HYDROPHOBIC BONDS STABILIZE
MACROMOLECULES 51 * THE ADVANTAGES OF AG BETWEEN 2 AND 5 KCAL/MOL 52 *
WEAK BONDS ATTACH ENZYMES TO SUBSTRATES 53 * WEAK BONDS MEDIATE MOST
PROTEINRDNA AND PROTEIN:PROTEIN INTERACTIONS 53 SUMMARY 53 BIBLIOGRAPHY
54 CHAPTER 4 THE IMPORTANCE OF HIGH-ENERGY BONDS 55 MOLECULES THAT
DONATE ENERGY ARE THERMODYNAMICALLY UNSTABLE 55 ENZYMES LOWER ACTIVATION
ENERGIES IN BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS 57 FREE ENERGY IN BIOMOLECULES 58
HIGH-ENERGY BONDS HYDROLYZE WITH LARGE NEGATIVE AG 58 HIGH-ENERGY BONDS
IN BIOSYNTHETIC REACTIONS 60 PEPTIDE BONDS HYDROLYZE SPONTANEOUSLY 60 *
COUPLING OF NEGATIVE WITH POSITIVE AG 61 ACTIVATION OF PRECURSORS IN
GROUP TRANSFER REACTIONS 61 ATP VERSATILITY IN GROUP TRANSFER 62 *
ACTIVATION OF AMINO ACIDS BY ATTACHMENT OF AMP 63 * NUCLEIC ACID
PRECURSORS ARE ACTIVATED BY THE PRESENCE OF ~ 64 * THE VALUE OF ~
RELEASE IN NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS 64 * ~ SPLITS CHARACTERIZE MOST
BIOSYNTHETIC REACTIONS 65 SUMMARY 66 BIBLIOGRAPHY 67 C H A P T E R D
WEAK AND STRONG BONDS DETERMINE MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 69 HIGHER-ORDER
STRUCTURES ARE DETERMINED BY INTRA- AND INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS 69
DNA CAN FORM A REGULAR HELIX 69 * RNA FORMS A WIDE VARIETY OF STRUCTURES
71 * CHEMICAL FEATURES OF PROTEIN BUILDING BLOCKS 71 * THE PEPTIDE BOND
72 * THERE ARE DETAILED CONTENTS XIII FOUR LEVELS OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE
72 * A HELICES AND (3 SHEETS ARE THE COMMON FORMS OF SECONDARY STRUCTURE
74 * BOX 5-1 DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE 75 THE SPECIFIC
CONFORMATION OF A PROTEIN RESULTS FROM ITS PATTERN OF HYDROGEN BONDS 78
A HELICES COME TOGETHER TO FORM COILED-COILS 80 MOST PROTEINS ARE
MODULAR, CONTAINING TWO OR THREE DOMAINS 81 PROTEINS ARE COMPOSED OF A
SURPRISINGLY SMALL NUMBER OF STRUCTURAL MOTIFS 81 * BOX 5-2 LARGE
PROTEINS ARE OFTEN CONSTRUCTED OF SEVERAL SMALLER POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS 82
* DIFFERENT PROTEIN FUNCTIONS ARISE FROM VARIOUS DOMAIN COMBINATIONS 82
WEAK BONDS CORRECTLY POSITION PROTEINS ALONG DNA AND RNA MOLECULES 84
PROTEINS SCAN ALONG DNA TO LOCATE A SPECIFIC DNA-BINDING SITE 85 *
DIVERSE STRATEGIES FOR PROTEIN RECOGNITION OF RNA 86 ALLOSTERY:
REGULATION OF A PROTEIN S FUNCTION BY CHANGING ITS SHAPE 87 THE
STRUCTURAL BASIS OF ALLOSTERIC REGULATION IS KNOWN FOR EXAMPLES
INVOLVING SMALL LIGANDS, PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS, AND PROTEIN
MODIFICATION 88 * NOT ALL REGULATION OF PROTEINS IS MEDIATED BY
ALLOSTERIC EVENTS 91 SUMMARY 91 BIBLIOGRAPHY 92 PART 2 MAINTENANCE OF
THE GENOME 93 CHAPTER 6 THE STRUCTURES OF DNA AND RNA 97 DNA STRUCTURE
98 DNA IS COMPOSED OF POLYNUCLEOTIDE CHAINS 98 * EACH BASE HAS ITS
PREFERRED TAUTOMERIC FORM 100 * THE TWO STRANDS OF THE DOUBLE HELIX ARE
HELD TOGETHER BY BASE PAIRING IN AN ANTIPARALLEL ORIENTATION 100 * THE
TWO CHAINS OF THE DOUBLE HELIX HAVE COMPLEMENTARY SEQUENCES 101 *
HYDROGEN BONDING IS IMPORTANT FOR THE SPECIFICITY OF BASE PAIRING 102 *
BASES CAN FLIP OUT FROM THE DOUBLE HELIX 102 * DNA IS USUALLY A
RIGHT-HANDED DOUBLE HELIX 103 * THE DOUBLE HELIX HAS MINOR AND MAJOR
GROOVES 103 * THE MAJOR GROOVE IS RICH IN CHEMICAL INFORMATION 103 * BOX
6-1 DNA HAS 10.5 BASE PAIRS PER TURN OF THE HELIX IN SOLUTION: THE MICA
EXPERIMENT 104 * THE DOUBLE HELIX EXISTS IN MULTIPLE CONFORMATIONS 106 *
DNA CAN SOMETIMES FORM A LEFT- HANDED HELIX 107 * DNA STRANDS CAN
SEPARATE (DENATURE) AND REASSOCIATE 108 * SOME DNA MOLECULES ARE CIRCLES
111 DNA TOPOLOGY 111 LINKING NUMBER IS AN INVARIANT TOPOLOGICAL PROPERTY
OF COVALENTLY CLOSED, CIRCULAR DNA 112 * LINKING NUMBER IS COMPOSED OF
TWIST AND WRITHE 112 * LK IS THE LINKING NUMBER OF FULLY RELAXED CCCDNA
UNDER PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS 114 * DNA IN CELLS IS NEGATIVELY
SUPERCOILED 114 * NUCLEOSOMES INTRODUCE NEGATIVE SUPERCOILING IN
EUKARYOTES 115 * TOPOISOMERASES CAN RELAX SUPERCOILED DNA 115 *
PROKARYOTES HAVE A SPECIAL TOPOISOMERASE THAT INTRODUCES SUPERCOILS INTO
DNA 116 * TOPOISOMERASES ALSO UNKNOT AND DISENTANGLE DNA MOLECULES 117 *
TOPOISOMERASES USE A COVALENT PROTEIN-DNA LINKAGE TO CLEAVE AND REJOIN
DNA STRANDS 118 * TOPOISOMERASES FORM AN ENZYME BRIDGE AND PASS DNA
SEGMENTS THROUGH. DETAILED CONTENTS EACH OTHER 118 * DNA TOPOISOMERS CAN
BE SEPARATED BY ELECTROPHORESIS 120 * ETHIDIUM IONS CAUSE DNA TO UNWIND
120 * BOX 6-2 PROVING THAT DNA HAS A HELICAL PERIODICITY OF ABOUT 10.5
BASE PAIRS PER TURN FROM THE TOPOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF DNA RINGS 121 RNA
STRUCTURE 122 RNA CONTAINS RIBOSE AND URACIL AND IS USUALLY
SINGLE-STRANDED 122 * RNA CHAINS FOLD BACK ON THEMSELVES TO FORM LOCAL
REGIONS OF DOUBLE HELIX SIMILAR TO A-FORM DNA 123 * RNA CAN FOLD UP INTO
COMPLEX TERTIARY STRUCTURES 124 * SOME RNAS ARE ENZYMES 125 * THE
HAMMERHEAD RIBOZYME CLEAVES RNA BY THE FORMATION OF A 2 , 3 CYCLIC
PHOSPHATE 125 * DID LIFE EVOLVE FROM AN RNA WORLD? 126 SUMMARY 126
BIBLIOGRAPHY 127 CHAPTER 7 CHROMOSOMES, CHROMATIN, AND THE NUCLEOSOME
129 CHROMOSOME SEQUENCE AND DIVERSITY 130 CHROMOSOMES CAN BE CIRCULAR OR
LINEAR 130 * EVERY CELL MAINTAINS A CHARACTERISTIC NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES
131 * GENOME SIZE IS RELATED TO THE COMPLEXITY OF THE ORGANISM 133 * THE
E. COLI GENOME IS COMPOSED ALMOST ENTIRELY OF GENES 134 * MORE COMPLEX
ORGANISMS HAVE DECREASED GENE DENSITY 134 * GENES MAKE UP ONLY A SMALL
PROPORTION OF THE EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMAL DNA 135 * THE MAJORITY OF HUMAN
INTERGENIC SEQUENCES ARE COMPOSED OF REPETITIVE DNA 137 CHROMOSOME
DUPLICATION AND SEGREGATION 138 EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES REQUIRE
CENTROMERES, TELOMERES, AND ORIGINS OF REPLICATION TO BE MAINTAINED
DURING CELL DIVISION 138 * EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOME DUPLICATION AND
SEGREGATION OCCUR IN SEPARATE PHASES OF THE CELL CYCLE 141 * CHROMOSOME
STRUCTURE CHANGES AS EUKARYOTIC CELLS DIVIDE 143 * SISTER CHROMATID
COHESION AND CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION ARE MEDIATED BY SMC PROTEINS 144 *
MITOSIS MAINTAINS THE PARENTAL CHROMOSOME NUMBER 146 * THE GAP PHASES OF
THE CELL CYCLE ALLOW TIME TO PREPARE FOR THE NEXT CELL CYCLE STAGE WHILE
ALSO CHECKING THAT THE PREVIOUS STAGE IS FINISHED CORRECTLY 146 *
MEIOSIS REDUCES THE PARENTAL CHROMOSOME NUMBER 148 * DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE CAN BE OBSERVED BY MICROSCOPY 150 THE NUCLEOSOME
151 NUCLEOSOMES ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF CHROMOSOMES 151 * BOX 7-1
MICROCOCCAL NUCLEASE AND THE DNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE NUCLEOSOME 152 *
HISTONES ARE SMALL, POSITIVELY- CHARGED PROTEINS 153 * THE ATOMIC
STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEOSOME 154 * MANY DNA SEQUENCE-INDEPENDENT CONTACTS
MEDIATE THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE CORE HISTONES AND DNA 156 * THE
HISTONE N-TERMINAL TAILS STABILIZE DNA WRAPPING AROUND THE OCTAMER 159
HIGHER-ORDER CHROMATIN STRUCTURE 160 HISTONE HI BINDS TO THE LINKER DNA
BETWEEN NUCLEOSOMES 160 * NUCLEOSOME ARRAYS CAN FORM MORE COMPLEX
STRUCTURES: THE 30-NM FIBER 161 * THE HISTONE N-TERMINAL TAILS ARE
REQUIRED FOR THE FORMATION OF THE 30-NM FIBER 162 * FURTHER COMPACTION
OF DNA INVOLVES LARGE LOOPS OF NUCLEOSOMAL DNA 162 * HISTONE VARIANTS
ALTER NUCLEOSOME FUNCTION 163 DETAILED CONTENTS REGULATION OF CHROMATIN
STRUCTURE 165 THE INTERACTION OF DNA WITH THE HISTONE OCTAMER IS DYNAMIC
165 * NUCLEOSOME REMODELING COMPLEXES FACILITATE NUCLEOSOME MOVEMENT 166
* SOME NUCLEOSOMES ARE FOUND IN SPECIFIC POSITIONS IN VIVO: NUCLEOSOME
POSITIONING 168 * MODIFICATION OF THE N-TERMINAL TAILS OF THE HISTONES
ALTERS CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY 169 * BOX 7-2 DETERMINING NUCLEOSOME
POSITION IN THE CELL 170 * SPECIFIC ENZYMES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR HISTONE
MODIFICATION 173* NUCLEOSOME MODIFICATION AND REMODELING WORK TOGETHER
TO INCREASE DNA ACCESSIBILITY 174 NUCLEOSOME ASSEMBLY 175 NUCLEOSOMES
ARE ASSEMBLED IMMEDIATELY AFTER DNA REPLICATION 175 * ASSEMBLY OF
NUCLEOSOMES REQUIRES HISTONE CHAPERONES 176 SUMMARY 1 79 BIBLIOGRAPHY
180 CHAPTER 8 THE REPLICATION OF DNA 181 THE CHEMISTRY OF DNA SYNTHESIS
182 DNA SYNTHESIS REQUIRES DEOXYNUCLEOSIDE TRIPHOSPHATES AND A
PRIMENTEMPLATE JUNCTION 182 * DNA IS SYNTHESIZED BY EXTENDING THE 3 END
OF THE PRIMER 183 * HYDROLYSIS OF PYROPHOSPHATES IS THE DRIVING FORCE
FOR DNA SYNTHESIS 183 THE MECHANISM OF DNA POLYMERASE 184 DNA
POLYMERASES USE A SINGLE ACTIVE SITE TO CATALYZE DNA SYNTHESIS 184 * DNA
POLYMERASES RESEMBLE A HAND THAT GRIPS THE PRIMENTEMPLATE JUNCTION 186 *
DNA POLYMERASES ARE PROCESSIVE ENZYMES 188 * EXONUCLEASES PROOFREAD
NEWLY SYNTHESIZED DNA 191 THE REPLICATION FORK 192 BOTH STRANDS OF DNA
ARE SYNTHESIZED TOGETHER AT THE REPLICATION FORK 192 * THE INITIATION OF
A NEW STRAND OF DNA REQUIRES AN RNA PRIMER 193 * RNA PRIMERS MUST BE
REMOVED TO COMPLETE DNA REPLICATION 194 * DNA HELICASES UNWIND THE
DOUBLE HELIX IN ADVANCE OF THE REPLICATION FORK 194 * SINGLE-STRANDED
BINDING PROTEINS STABILIZE SINGLE-STRANDED DNA PRIOR TO REPLICATION 195
* BOX 8-1 DETERMINING THE POLARITY OF A DNA HELICASE 196 *
TOPOISOMERASES REMOVE SUPERCOILS PRODUCED BY DNA UNWINDING AT THE
REPLICATION FORK 198 * REPLICATION FORK ENZYMES EXTEND THE RANGE OF DNA
POLYMERASE SUBSTRATES 199 THE SPECIALIZATION OF DNA POLYMERASES 200 DNA
POLYMERASES ARE SPECIALIZED FOR DIFFERENT ROLES IN THE CELL 200 *
SLIDING CLAMPS DRAMATICALLY INCREASE DNA POLYMERASE PROCESSIVITY 201 *
SLIDING CLAMPS ARE OPENED AND PLACED ON DNA BY CLAMP LOADERS 204 DNA
SYNTHESIS AT THE REPLICATION FORK 205 BOX 8-2 ATP CONTROL OF PROTEIN
FUNCTION: LOADING A SLIDING CLAMP 206 * INTERACTIONS BETWEEN REPLICATION
FORK PROTEINS FORM THE E. COLI REPLISOME 210 INITIATION OF DNA
REPLICATION 212 SPECIFIC GENOMIC DNA SEQUENCES DIRECT THE INITIATION OF
DNA REPLICATION 212 * THE REPLICON MODEL OF REPLICATION INITIATION 212 *
REPLICATOR SEQUENCES INCLUDE INITIATOR BINDING SITES AND EASILY UNWOUND
DNA 213 DETAILED CONTENTS BINDING AND UNWINDING: ORIGIN SELECTION AND
ACTIVATION BY THE INITIATOR PROTEIN 214 BOX 8-3 THE IDENTIFICATION OF
ORIGINS OF REPLICATION AND REPLICATORS 214 * PROTEIN-PROTEIN AND
PROTEIN-DNA INTERACTIONS DIRECT THE INITIATION PROCESS 217 * BOX 8-4 E.
COLI DNA REPLICATION IS REGULATED BY DNA-ATP LEVELS AND SEQA 217 * BOX
8-5 THE REPLICATION FACTORY HYPOTHESIS 221 * EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES ARE
REPLICATED EXACTLY ONCE PER CELL CYCLE 223 * PRE-REPLICATIVE COMPLEX
FORMATION DIRECTS THE INITIATION OF REPLICATION IN EUKARYOTES 223 *
PRE-RC FORMATION AND ACTIVATION IS REGULATED TO ALLOW ONLY A SINGLE
ROUND OF REPLICATION DURING EACH CELL CYCLE 225 * SIMILARITIES BETWEEN
EUKARYOTIC AND PROKARYOTIC DNA REPLICATION INITIATION 228 FINISHING
REPLICATION 228 TYPE II TOPOISOMERASES ARE REQUIRED TO SEPARATE DAUGHTER
DNA MOLECULES 228 * LAGGING STRAND SYNTHESIS IS UNABLE TO COPY THE
EXTREME ENDS OF LINEAR CHROMOSOMES 229 * TELOMERASE IS A NOVEL DNA
POLYMERASE THAT DOES NOT REQUIRE AN EXOGENOUS TEMPLATE 230 * TELOMERASE
SOLVES THE END REPLICATION PROBLEM BY EXTENDING THE 3 END OF THE
CHROMOSOME 232 SUMMARY 232 BIBLIOGRAPHY 233 C H A P T E R V THE
MUTABILITY AND REPAIR OF DNA 235 REPLICATION ERRORS AND THEIR REPAIR 236
THE NATURE OF MUTATIONS 236 * SOME REPLICATION ERRORS ESCAPE
PROOFREADING 237 * BOX 9-1 EXPANSION OF TRIPLE REPEATS CAUSES DISEASE
237 * MISMATCH REPAIR REMOVES ERRORS THAT ESCAPE PROOFREADING 238 DNA
DAMAGE 242 DNA UNDERGOES DAMAGE SPONTANEOUSLY FROM HYDROLYSIS AND
DEAMINATION 242 * BOX 9-2 THE AMES TEST 243 * DNA IS DAMAGED BY
ALKYLATION, OXIDATION, AND RADIATION 244 * MUTATIONS ARE ALSO CAUSED BY
BASE ANALOGS AND INTERCALATING AGENTS 245 REPAIR OF DNA DAMAGE 246
DIRECT REVERSAL OF DNA DAMAGE 247 * BASE EXCISION REPAIR ENZYMES REMOVE
DAMAGED BASES BY A BASE-FLIPPING MECHANISM 248 * NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION
REPAIR ENZYMES CLEAVE DAMAGED DNA ON EITHER SIDE OF THE LESION 250 *
RECOMBINATION REPAIRS DNA BREAKS BY RETRIEVING SEQUENCE INFORMATION FROM
UNDAMAGED DNA 253 * TRANSLESION DNA SYNTHESIS ENABLES REPLICATION TO
PROCEED ACROSS DNA DAMAGE 254 * BOX 9-3 THE Y-FAMILY OF DNA POLYMERASES
256 SUMMARY 257 BIBLIOGRAPHY 258 CHAPTER 10 HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION AT
THE MOLECULAR LEVEL 259 MODELS FOR HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION 259 THE
HOLLIDAY MODEL ILLUSTRATES KEY STEPS IN HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION 260 *
THE DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK REPAIR MODEL MORE ACCURATELY DESCRIBES MANY
RECOMBINATION EVENTS 264 * BOX 10-1 HOW TO RESOLVE A RECOMBINATION
INTERMEDIATE WITH TWO HOLLIDAY JUNCTIONS 266 * DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA
BREAKS ARISE BY NUMEROUS MEANS AND INITIATE HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION 267
DETAILED CONTENTS X HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION PROTEIN MACHINES 268 THE
RECBCD HELICASE/NUCLEASE PROCESSES BROKEN DNA MOLECULES FOR
RECOMBINATION 269 * RECA PROTEIN ASSEMBLES ON SINGLE-STRANDED DNA AND
PROMOTES STRAND INVASION 272 * NEWLY BASE-PAIRED PARTNERS ARE
ESTABLISHED WITHIN THE RECA FILAMENT 274 * RECA HOMOLOGS ARE PRESENT IN
ALL ORGANISMS 275 * RUVAB COMPLEX SPECIFICALLY RECOGNIZES HOLLIDAY
JUNCTIONS AND PROMOTES BRANCH MIGRATION 276 * RUVC CLEAVES SPECIFIC DNA
STRANDS AT THE HOLLIDAY JUNCTION TO FINISH RECOMBINATION 276 HOMOLOGOUS
RECOMBINATION IN EUKARYOTES 278 HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION HAS ADDITIONAL
FUNCTIONS IN EUKARYOTES 278 * HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION IS REQUIRED FOR
CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION DURING MEIOSIS 279 * PROGRAMMED GENERATION OF
DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA BREAKS OCCURS DURING MEIOSIS 279 * MRX PROTEIN
PROCESSES THE CLEAVED DNA ENDS FOR ASSEMBLY OF THE RECA-LIKE STRAND-
EXCHANGE PROTEINS 282 * DMCL IS A RECA-LIKE PROTEIN THAT SPECIFICALLY
FUNCTIONS IN MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION 282 * MANY PROTEINS FUNCTION TOGETHER
TO PROMOTE MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION 284 MATING-TYPE SWITCHING 285
MATING-TYPE SWITCHING IS INITIATED BY A SITE-SPECIFIC DOUBLE-STRAND
BREAK 286 * MATING- TYPE SWITCHING IS A GENE CONVERSION EVENT, NOT
ASSOCIATED WITH CROSSING OVER 286 GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE MECHANISM
OF HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION 288 GENE CONVERSION OCCURS BECAUSE DNA IS
REPAIRED DURING RECOMBINATION 289 SUMMARY 291 BIBLIOGRAPHY 291 C H A P T
E R 1 1 SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION AND TRANSPOSITION OF DNA 293
CONSERVATIVE SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION 294 SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION
OCCURS AT SPECIFIC DNA SEQUENCES IN THE TARGET DNA 294 * SITE-SPECIFIC
RECOMBINASES CLEAVE AND REJOIN DNA USING A COVALENT PROTEIN-DNA
INTERMEDIATE 296 * SERINE RECOMBINASES INTRODUCE DOUBLE-STRANDED BREAKS
IN DNA AND THEN SWAP STRANDS TO PROMOTE RECOMBINATION 298 * TYROSINE
RECOMBINASES BREAK AND REJOIN ONE PAIR OF DNA STRANDS AT A TIME 299 *
STRUCTURES OF TYROSINE RECOMBINASES BOUND TO DNA REVEAL THE MECHANISM OF
DNA EXCHANGE 300 * BOX 11 -1 APPLICATION OF SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION
TO GENETIC ENGINEERING 302 BIOLOGICAL ROLES OF SITE-SPECIFIC
RECOMBINATION 302 A. INTEGRASE PROMOTES THE INTEGRATION AND EXCISION OF
A VIRAL GENOME INTO THE HOST CELL CHROMOSOME 303 * PHAGE EXCISION
REQUIRES A NEW DNA-BENDING PROTEIN 304 * THE HIN RECOMBINASE INVERTS A
SEGMENT OF DNA ALLOWING EXPRESSION OF ALTERNATIVE GENES 305 * HIN
RECOMBINATION REQUIRES A DNA ENHANCER 306 * RECOMBINASES CONVERT
MULTIMERIC CIRCULAR DNA MOLECULES INTO MONOMERS 307 * THERE ARE OTHER
MECHANISMS TO DIRECT RECOMBINATION TO SPECIFIC SEGMENTS OF DNA 310
TRANSPOSITION 310 SOME GENETIC ELEMENTS MOVE TO NEW CHROMOSOMAL
LOCATIONS BY TRANSPOSITION 310 * THERE ARE THREE PRINCIPAL CLASSES OF
TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS 311 * DNA TRANSPOSONS CARRY A TRANSPOSASE GENE,
FLANKED BY RECOMBINATION SITES 312 * TRANSPOSONS EXIST AS BOTH
AUTONOMOUS AND NONAUTONOMOUS ELEMENTS 313 * VIRAL-LIKE RETROTRANSPOSONS
AND RETROVIRUSES CARRY TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES AND TWO GENES IMPORTANT
FOR RECOMBINATION 313 * POLY-A RETROTRANSPOSONS LOOK LIKE GENES 314 *
DNA TRANSPOSITION BY A CUT-AND-PASTE MECHANISM 314 * THE INTERMEDIATE IN
CUT-AND-PASTE XVIII DETAILED CONTENTS TRANSPOSITION IS FINISHED BY GAP
REPAIR 316 * THERE ARE MULTIPLE MECHANISMS FOR CLEAVING THE
NONTRANSFERRED STRAND DURING DNA TRANSPOSITION 316 * DNA TRANSPOSITION
BY A REPLICATIVE MECHANISM 318 * VIRAL-LIKE RETROTRANSPOSONS AND
RETROVIRUSES MOVE USING AN RNA INTERMEDIATE 320 * DNA TRANSPOSASES AND
RETROVIRAL INTEGRASES ARE MEMBERS OF A PROTEIN SUPERFAMILY 321 * BOX 1
1 2 THE PATHWAY OF RETROVIRAL CDNA FORMATION 322 * POLY-A
RETROTRANSPOSONS MOVE BY A REVERSE SPLICING MECHANISM 324 EXAMPLES OF
TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS AND THEIR REGULATION 327 IS4-FAMILY TRANSPOSONS
ARE COMPACT ELEMENTS WITH MULTIPLE MECHANISMS FOR COPY NUMBER CONTROL
327 * BOX 11-3 MAIZE ELEMENTS AND THE DISCOVERY OF TRANSPOSONS 328 *
TNLO TRANSPOSITION IS COUPLED TO CELLULAR DNA REPLICATION 329 * PHAGE MU
IS AN EXTREMELY ROBUST TRANSPOSON 331 * MU USES TARGET IMMUNITY TO AVOID
TRANSPOSING INTO ITS OWN DNA 331 * TEL/MARINER ELEMENTS ARE EXTREMELY
SUCCESSFUL DNA ELEMENTS IN EUKARYOTES 334 * YEAST TY ELEMENTS TRANSPOSE
INTO SAFE HAVENS IN THE GENOME 335 * LINES PROMOTE THEIR OWN
TRANSPOSITION AND EVEN TRANSPOSE CELLULAR RNAS 336 V(D)J RECOMBINATION
337 THE EARLY EVENTS IN V(D)J RECOMBINATION OCCUR BY A MECHANISM SIMILAR
TO TRANSPOSON EXCISION 339 SUMMARY 341 BIBLIOGRAPHY 342 PART 3
EXPRESSION OF THE GENOME 343 CHAPTER 12 MECHANISMS OF TRANSCRIPTION 347
RNA POLYMERASES AND THE TRANSCRIPTION CYCLE 348 RNA POLYMERASES COME IN
DIFFERENT FORMS, BUT SHARE MANY FEATURES 348 * TRANSCRIPTION BY RNA
POLYMERASE PROCEEDS IN A SERIES OF STEPS 350 * TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION
INVOLVES THREE DEFINED STEPS 352 THE TRANSCRIPTION CYCLE IN BACTERIA 353
BACTERIAL PROMOTERS VARY IN STRENGTH AND SEQUENCE, BUT HAVE CERTAIN
DEFINING FEATURES 353 * THE CT FACTOR MEDIATES BINDING OF POLYMERASE TO
THE PROMOTER 354 * BOX 12-1 CONSENSUS SEQUENCES 355 * TRANSITION TO THE
OPEN COMPLEX INVOLVES STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN RNA POLYMERASE AND IN THE
PROMOTER DNA 356 * TRANSCRIPTION IS INITIATED BY RNA POLYMERASE WITHOUT
THE NEED FOR A PRIMER 358 * RNA POLYMERASE SYNTHESIZES SEVERAL SHORT
RNAS BEFORE ENTERING THE ELONGATION PHASE 358 * THE ELONGATING
POLYMERASE IS A PROCESSIVE MACHINE THAT SYNTHESIZES AND PROOFREADS RNA
359 * BOX 1 2-2 THE SINGLE-SUBUNIT RNA POLYMERASES 360 * TRANSCRIPTION
IS TERMINATED BY SIGNALS WITHIN THE RNA SEQUENCE 361 TRANSCRIPTION IN
EUKARYOTES 363 RNA POLYMERASE II CORE PROMOTERS ARE MADE UP OF
COMBINATIONS OF FOUR DIFFERENT SEQUENCE ELEMENTS 363 * RNA POLYMERASE II
FORMS A PRE-INITIATION COMPLEX WITH GENERAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS AT THE
PROMOTER 364 * TBP BINDS TO AND DISTORTS DNA USING A (3 SHEET INSERTED
INTO THE MINOR GROOVE 366 * THE OTHER GENERAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS ALSO
HAVE SPECIFIC ROLES IN INITIATION 367 * IN VIVO, TRANSCRIPTION
INITIATION DETAILED CONTENTS I REQUIRES ADDITIONAL PROTEINS, INCLUDING
THE MEDIATOR COMPLEX 368 * MEDIATOR CONSISTS OF MANY SUBUNITS, SOME
CONSERVED FROM YEAST TO HUMAN 369 * A NEW SET OF FACTORS STIMULATE POL
II ELONGATION AND RNA PROOFREADING 370 * ELONGATING POLYMERASE IS
ASSOCIATED WITH A NEW SET OF PROTEIN FACTORS REQUIRED FOR VARIOUS TYPES
OF RNA PROCESSING 371 * RNA POLYMERASES I AND III RECOGNIZE DISTINCT
PROMOTERS, USING DISTINCT SETS OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, BUT STILL
REQUIRE TBP 374 SUMMARY 376 BIBLIOGRAPHY 377 CHAPTER 13 RNA SPLICING 379
THE CHEMISTRY OF RNA SPLICING 380 SEQUENCES WITHIN THE RNA DETERMINE
WHERE SPLICING OCCURS 380 * THE INTRON IS REMOVED IN A FORM CALLED A
LARIAT AS THE FLANKING EXONS ARE JOINED 381 * EXONS FROM DIFFERENT RNA
MOLECULES CAN BE FUSED BY TRANS-SPLICING 383 THE SPLICEOSOME MACHINERY
383 RNA SPLICING IS CARRIED OUT BY A LARGE COMPLEX CALLED THE
SPLICEOSOME 383 SPLICING PATHWAYS 385 ASSEMBLY, REARRANGEMENTS, AND
CATALYSIS WITHIN THE SPLICEOSOME: THE SPLICING PATHWAY 385 *
SELF-SPLICING INTRONS REVEAL THAT RNA CAN CATALYZE RNA SPLICING 387 *
GROUP I INTRONS RELEASE A LINEAR INTRON RATHER THAN A LARIAT 388 * BOX
13-1 CONVERTING GROUP 1 INTRONS INTO RIBOZYMES 389 * HOW DOES THE
SPLICEOSOME FIND THE SPLICE SITES RELIABLY? 391 ALTERNATIVE SPLICING 394
SINGLE GENES CAN PRODUCE MULTIPLE PRODUCTS BY ALTERNATIVE SPLICING 394 *
ALTERNATIVE SPLICING IS REGULATED BY ACTIVATORS AND REPRESSORS 396 * BOX
13-2 ADENOVIRUS AND THE DISCOVERY OF SPLICING 398 * A SMALL GROUP OF
INTRONS ARE SPLICED BY AN ALTERNATIVE SPLICEOSOME COMPOSED OF A
DIFFERENT SET OF SNRNPS 400 EXON SHUFFLING 400 EXONS ARE SHUFFLED BY
RECOMBINATION TO PRODUCE GENES ENCODING NEW PROTEINS 400 RNA EDITING 404
RNA EDITING IS ANOTHER WAY OF ALTERING THE SEQUENCE OF AN MRNA 404 MRNA
TRANSPORT 406 ONCE PROCESSED, MRNA IS PACKAGED AND EXPORTED FROM THE
NUCLEUS INTO THE CYTOPLASM FOR TRANSLATION 406 SUMMARY 408 BIBLIOGRAPHY
409 CHAPTER 1 4 TRANSLATION 411 MESSENGER RNA 412 POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS ARE
SPECIFIED BY OPEN-READING FRAMES 412 * PROKARYOTIC MRNAS HAVE A RIBOSOME
BINDING SITE THAT RECRUITS THE TRANSLATIONAL MACHINERY 413 * EUKARYOTIC
MRNAS ARE MODIFIED AT THEIR 5 AND 3 ENDS TO FACILITATE TRANSLATION 414
DETAILED CONTENTS BINDING SURFACES 492 * CAP AND LAC REPRESSOR BIND DNA
USING A COMMON STRUCTURAL MOTIF 493 * BOX 16-2 ACTIVATOR BYPASS
EXPERIMENTS 493 * THE ACTIVITIES OF LAC REPRESSOR AND CAP ARE CONTROLLED
ALLOSTERICALLY BY THEIR SIGNALS 496 * BOX 16-3 JACOB, MONOD, AND THE
IDEAS BEHIND GENE REGULATION 497 * COMBINATORIAL CONTROL: CAP CONTROLS
OTHER GENES AS WELL 499 * ALTERNATIVE A FACTORS DIRECT RNA POLYMERASE TO
ALTERNATIVE SETS OF PROMOTERS 499 * NTRC AND MERR: TRANSCRIPTIONAL
ACTIVATORS THAT WORK BY ALLOSTERY RATHER THAN BY RECRUITMENT 500 * NTRC
HAS ATPASE ACTIVITY AND WORKS FROM DNA SITES FAR FROM THE GENE 500 *
MERR ACTIVATES TRANSCRIPTION BY TWISTING PROMOTER DNA 501 * SOME
REPRESSORS HOLD RNA POLYMERASE AT THE PROMOTER RATHER THAN EXCLUDING IT
502 * ARAC AND CONTROL OF THE ARABAD OPERON BY ANTIACTIVATION 503
EXAMPLES OF GENE REGULATION AT STEPS AFTER TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION 504
AMINO ACID BIOSYNTHETIC OPERONS ARE CONTROLLED BY PREMATURE
TRANSCRIPTION TERMINATION 504 * RIBOSOMAL PROTEINS ARE TRANSLATIONAL
REPRESSORS OF THEIR OWN SYNTHESIS 506 * BOX 16-4 RIBOSWITCHES 509 THE
CASE OF PHAGE X: LAYERS OF REGULATION 512 ALTERNATIVE PATTERNS OF GENE
EXPRESSION CONTROL LYTIC AND LYSOGENIC GROWTH 513 * REGULATORY PROTEINS
AND THEIR BINDING SITES 514 * X REPRESSOR BINDS TO OPERATOR SITES
COOPERATIVELY 515 * BOX 16-5 CONCENTRATION, AFFINITY, AND COOPERATIVE
BINDING 516 * REPRESSOR AND CRO BIND IN DIFFERENT PATTERNS TO CONTROL
LYTIC AND LYSOGENIC GROWTH 517 * LYSOGENIC INDUCTION REQUIRES
PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE OF X REPRESSOR 518 * NEGATIVE AUTOREGULATION OF
REPRESSOR REQUIRES LONG-DISTANCE INTERACTIONS AND A LARGE DNA LOOP 519 *
ANOTHER ACTIVATOR, XCII, CONTROLS THE DECISION BETWEEN LYTIC AND
LYSOGENIC GROWTH UPON INFECTION OF A NEW HOST 520 * BOX 16-6 GENETIC
APPROACHES THAT IDENTIFIED GENES INVOLVED IN THE LYTIC/LYSOGENIC CHOICE
521 * GROWTH CONDITIONS OF E. COLI CONTROL THE STABILITY OF CII PROTEIN
AND THUS THE LYTIC/LYSOGENIC CHOICE 522 * TRANSCRIPTIONAL
ANTITERMINATION IN X DEVELOPMENT 523 * RETROREGULATION: AN INTERPLAY OF
CONTROLS ON RNA SYNTHESIS AND STABILITY DETERMINES INT GENE EXPRESSION
524 SUMMARY 525 BIBLIOGRAPHY 526 CHAPTER 17 GENE REGULATION IN
EUKARYOTES 529 CONSERVED MECHANISMS OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION FROM
YEAST TO MAMMALS 531 ACTIVATORS HAVE SEPARATE DNA BINDING AND ACTIVATING
FUNCTIONS 531* BOX 17-1 THE TWO HYBRID ASSAY 533 * EUKARYOTIC REGULATORS
USE A RANGE OF DNA-BINDING DOMAINS, BUT DNA RECOGNITION INVOLVES THE
SAME PRINCIPLES AS FOUND IN BACTERIA 534 * ACTIVATING REGIONS ARE NOT
WELL-DEFINED STRUCTURES 536 RECRUITMENT OF PROTEIN COMPLEXES TO GENES BY
EUKARYOTIC ACTIVATORS 537 ACTIVATORS RECRUIT THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL
MACHINERY TO THE GENE 537 * BOX 11 -2 CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION 539
* ACTIVATORS ALSO RECRUIT NUCLEOSOME MODIFIERS THAT HELP THE
TRANSCRIPTION MACHINERY BIND AT THE PROMOTER 540 * ACTION AT A DISTANCE:
LOOPS AND INSULATORS 540 * APPROPRIATE REGULATION OF SOME GROUPS OF
GENES REQUIRES LOCUS CONTROL REGIONS 543 SIGNAL INTEGRATION AND
COMBINATORIAL CONTROL 544 ACTIVATORS WORK TOGETHER SYNERGISTICALLY TO
INTEGRATE SIGNALS 544 * SIGNAL INTEGRATION: THE HO GENE IS CONTROLLED BY
TWO REGULATORS; ONE RECRUITS NUCLEOSOME MODIFIERS AND THE OTHER RECRUITS
MEDIATOR 546 * SIGNAL INTEGRATION: COOPERATIVE BINDING OF ACTIVATORS AT
DETAILED CONTENTS : THE HUMAN (B-INTERFERON GENE 546 * COMBINATORIAL
CONTROL LIES AT THE HEART OF THE COMPLEXITY AND DIVERSITY OF EUKARYOTES
547 * COMBINATORIAL CONTROL OF THE MATING-TYPE GENES FROM SACCHAROMYCES
CEREVISIAE 548 TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSORS 549 SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND
THE CONTROL OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS 551 SIGNALS ARE OFTEN
COMMUNICATED TO TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS THROUGH SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
PATHWAYS 551 * SIGNALS CONTROL THE ACTIVITIES OF EUKARYOTIC
TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS IN A VARIETY OF WAYS 552 * ACTIVATORS AND
REPRESSORS SOMETIMES COME IN PIECES 555 GENE SILENCING BY MODIFICATION
OF HISTONES AND DNA 556 SILENCING IN YEAST IS MEDIATED BY DEACETYLATION
AND METHYLATION OF HISTONES 556 * HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AND THE HISTONE
CODE HYPOTHESIS 558 * DNA METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH SILENCED GENES
IN MAMMALIAN CELLS 558 * SOME STATES OF GENE EXPRESSION ARE INHERITED
THROUGH CELL DIVISION EVEN WHEN THE INITIATING SIGNAL IS NO LONGER
PRESENT 560 * BOX 17 3 A LYSOGENS AND THE EPIGENETIC SWITCH 562
EUKARYOTIC GENE REGULATION AT STEPS AFTER TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION 562
SOME ACTIVATORS CONTROL TRANSCRIPTIONAL ELONGATION RATHER THAN
INITIATION 562 * THE REGULATION OF ALTERNATIVE MRNA SPLICING CAN PRODUCE
DIFFERENT PROTEIN PRODUCTS IN DIFFERENT CELL TYPES 563 * EXPRESSION OF
THE YEAST TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR GCN4 IS CONTROLLED AT THE LEVEL OF
TRANSLATION 565 RNAS IN GENE REGULATION 567 DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA INHIBITS
EXPRESSION OF GENES HOMOLOGOUS TO THAT RNA 568 * SHORT INTERFERING RNAS
(SIRNAS) ARE PRODUCED FROM DSRNA AND DIRECT MACHINERY THAT SWITCHES OFF
GENES IN VARIOUS WAYS 568 * MICRORNAS CONTROL THE EXPRESSION OF SOME
GENES DURING DEVELOPMENT 570 SUMMARY 571 BIBLIOGRAPHY 572 CHAPTER 18
GENE REGULATION DURING DEVELOPMENT 575 THREE STRATEGIES BY WHICH CELLS
ARE INSTRUCTED TO EXPRESS SPECIFIC SETS OF GENES DURING DEVELOPMENT 576
SOME MRNAS BECOME LOCALIZED WITHIN EGGS AND EMBRYOS DUE TO AN INTRINSIC
POLARITY IN THE CYTOSKELETON 576 * CELL-TO-CELL CONTACT AND SECRETED
CELL SIGNALING MOLECULES BOTH ELICIT CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION IN
NEIGHBORING CELLS 576 * BOX 18-1 MICROARRAY ASSAYS: THEORY AND PRACTICE
577 * GRADIENTS OF SECRETED SIGNALING MOLECULES CAN INSTRUCT CELLS TO
FOLLOW DIFFERENT PATHWAYS OF DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THEIR LOCATION 578
EXAMPLES OF THE THREE STRATEGIES FOR ESTABLISHING DIFFERENTIAL GENE
EXPRESSION 580 THE LOCALIZED ASHL REPRESSOR CONTROLS MATING TYPE IN
YEAST BY SILENCING THE HO GENE 580 * BOX 18-2 REVIEW OF CYTOSKELETON:
ASYMMETRY AND GROWTH 582 * A LOCALIZED MRNA INITIATES MUSCLE
DIFFERENTIATION IN THE SEA SQUIRT EMBRYO 584 * CELL-TO-CELL CONTACT
ELICITS DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION IN THE SPORULATING BACTERIUM, B.
SUBTILIS 584 * BOX 18-3 OVERVIEW OF DONA DEVELOPMENT 585 * A SKIN-NERVE
[ REGULATORY SWITCH IS CONTROLLED BY NOTCH SIGNALING IN THE INSECT CNS
587 * A GRADIENT OF THE SONIC HEDGEHOG MORPHOGEN CONTROLS THE FORMATION
OF DIFFERENT NEURONS IN THE VERTEBRATE NEURAL TUBE 588 DETAILED CONTENTS
THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF DROSOPHILA EMBRYOGENESIS 590 AN OVERVIEW OF
DROSOPHILA EMBRYOGENESIS 590 * A MORPHOGEN GRADIENT CONTROLS DORSAL-
VENTRAL PATTERNING OF THE DROSOPHILA EMBRYO 590 * BOX 18-4 OVERVIEW OF
DROSOPHILA DEVELOPMENT 592 * BOX J 8-5 THE ROLE OF ACTIVATOR SYNERGY IN
DEVELOPMENT 597 * SEGMENTATION IS INITIATED BY LOCALIZED RNAS AT THE
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR POLES OF THE UNFERTILIZED EGG 599 * THE BICOID
GRADIENT REGULATES THE EXPRESSION OF SEGMENTATION GENES IN A
CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENT FASHION 601 * HUNCHBACK EXPRESSION IS ALSO
REGULATED AT THE LEVEL OF TRANSLATION 602 * THE GRADIENT OF HUNCHBACK
REPRESSOR ESTABLISHES DIFFERENT LIMITS OF GAP GENE EXPRESSION 603 *
HUNCHBACK AND GAP PROTEINS PRODUCE SEGMENTATION STRIPES OF GENE
EXPRESSION 604 * BOX 18-6 BIOINFORMATICS METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION
OF COMPLEX ENHANCERS 605 * GAP REPRESSOR GRADIENTS PRODUCE MANY STRIPES
OF GENE EXPRESSION 607 * SHORT-RANGE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSORS PERMIT
DIFFERENT ENHANCERS TO WORK INDEPENDENTLY OF ONE ANOTHER WITHIN THE
COMPLEX EVE REGULATOR Y REGION 608 SUMMARY 609 BIBLIOGRAPHY 610 CHAPTER
19 COMPARATIVE GENOMICS AND THE EVOLUTION OF ANIMAL DIVERSITY 613 MOST
ANIMALS HAVE ESSENTIALLY THE SAME GENES 614 HOW DOES GENE DUPLICATION
GIVE RISE TO BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY? 616 * BOX 19-1 GENE DUPLICATION AND
THE IMPORTANCE OF REGULATORY EVOLUTION 616 * BOX 19-2 DUPLICATION OF
GLOBIN GENES PRODUCES NEW EXPRESSION PATTERNS AND DIVERSE PROTEIN
FUNCTIONS 618 * BOX 19-3 CREATION OF NEW GENES DRIVES BACTERIAL
EVOLUTION 618 THREE WAYS GENE EXPRESSION IS CHANGED DURING EVOLUTION 619
EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATIONS THAT ALTER ANIMAL MORPHOLOGY 620 CHANGES IN
PAX6 EXPRESSION CREATE ECTOPIC EYES 621 * CHANGES IN ANTP EXPRESSION
TRANSFORM ANTENNAE INTO LEGS 622 * IMPORTANCE OF PROTEIN FUNCTION:
INTERCONVERSION OF FTZ AND ANTP 622 * SUBTLE CHANGES IN AN ENHANCER
SEQUENCE CAN PRODUCE NEW PATTERNS OF GENE EXPRESSION 623 * THE
MISEXPRESSION OF UBX CHANGES THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE FRUIT FLY 624 *
CHANGES IN UBX FUNCTION MODIFY THE MORPHOLOGY OF FRUIT FLY EMBRYOS 626 *
CHANGES IN UBX TARGET ENCHANCERS CAN ALTER PATTERNS OF GENE EXPRESSION
627 * BOX 19-4 THE HOMEOTIC GENES OF DROSOPHIL A ARE ORGANISED IN
SPECIAL CHROMOSOME CLUSTERS 627 MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CRUSTACEANS AND
INSECTS 630 ARTHROPODS ARE REMARKABLY DIVERSE 630 * CHANGES IN UBX
EXPRESSION EXPLAIN MODIFICATIONS IN LIMBS AMONG THE CRUSTACEANS 630 *
WHY INSECTS LACK ABDOMINAL LIMBS 631 * MODIFICATION OF FLIGHT LIMBS
MIGHT ARISE FROM THE EVOLUTION OF REGULATORY DNA SEQUENCES 632 * BOX
19-5 CO-OPTION OF GENE NETWORKS FOR EVOLUTIONARY INNOVATION 633 GENOME
EVOLUTION AND HUMAN ORIGINS 635 HUMANS CONTAIN SURPRISINGLY FEW GENES
635 * THE HUMAN GENOME IS VERY SIMILAR TO THAT OF THE MOUSE AND
VIRTUALLY IDENTICAL TO THE CHIMP 636 * THE EVOLUTIONARY ORIGINS OF HUMAN
SPEECH 637 * HOW FOXP2 FOSTERS SPEECH IN HUMANS 637 * THE FUTURE OF
COMPARATIVE GENOME ANALYSIS 638 * SUMMARY 639 BIBLIOGRAPHY 640
DETAILED CONTENTS P A R T 5 METHODS 643 CHAPTER 2 0 TECHNIQUES OF
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 647 INTRODUCTION 647 NUCLEIC ACIDS 648 ELECTROPHORESIS
THROUGH A GEL SEPARATES DNA AND RNA MOLECULES ACCORDING TO SIZE 648 *
RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES CLEAVE DNA MOLECULES AT PARTICULAR SITES 649 *
DNA HYBRIDIZATION CAN BE USED TO IDENTIFY SPECIFIC DNA MOLECULES 651 *
HYBRIDIZATION PROBES CAN IDENTIFY ELECTROPHORETICALLY-SEPARATED DNAS AND
RNAS 652 * ISOLATION OF SPECIFIC SEGMENTS OF DNA 653 * DNA CLONING 654 *
CLONING DNA IN PLASMID VECTORS 654 * VECTOR DNA CAN BE INTRODUCED INTO
HOST ORGANISMS BY TRANSFORMATION 655 * LIBRARIES OF DNA MOLECULES CAN BE
CREATED BY CLONING 656 * HYBRIDIZATION CAN BE USED TO IDENTIFY A
SPECIFIC CLONE IN A DNA LIBRARY 657 * CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED
OLIGONUCLEOTIDES 657 * THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) AMPLIFIES
DNAS BY REPEATED ROUNDS OF DNA REPLICATION IN VITRO 658 * NESTED SETS OF
DNA FRAGMENTS REVEAL NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES 660 * BOX 20-1 FORENSICS AND
THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION 661 * SHOTGUN SEQUENCING A BACTERIAL
GENOME 663 * THE SHOTGUN STRATEGY PERMITS A PARTIAL ASSEMBLY OF LARGE
GENOME SEQUENCES 664 * BOX 20-2 SEQUENATORS ARE USED FOR HIGH THROUGHPUT
SEQUENCING 665 * THE PAIRED-END STRATEGY PERMITS THE ASSEMBLY OF LARGE
GENOME SCAFFOLDS 666 * GENOME-WIDE ANALYSES 667 * COMPARATIVE GENOME
ANALYSIS 669 PROTEINS 672 SPECIFIC PROTEINS CAN BE PURIFIED FROM CELL
EXTRACTS 672 * PURIFICATION OF A PROTEIN REQUIRES A SPECIFIC ASSAY 673 *
PREPARATION OF CELL EXTRACTS CONTAINING ACTIVE PROTEINS 673 * PROTEINS
CAN BE SEPARATED FROM ONE ANOTHER USING COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY 673 *
AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY CAN FACILITATE MORE RAPID PROTEIN PURIFICATION
674 * SEPARATION OF PROTEINS ON POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS 675 * ANTIBODIES
VISUALIZE ELECTROPHORETICALLY-SEPARATED PROTEINS 676 * PROTEIN MOLECULES
CAN BE DIRECTLY SEQUENCED 676 * PROTEOMICS 677 BIBLIOGRAPHY 679 C H A P
T E R 2 1 MODEL ORGANISMS 681 BACTERIOPHAGE 682 ASSAYS OF PHAGE GROWTH
684 * THE SINGLE-STEP GROWTH CURVE 685 * PHAGE CROSSSES , AND
COMPLEMENTATION TESTS 685 * TRANSDUCTION AND RECOMBINANT DNA 686
BACTERIA 687 ASSAYS OF BACTERIAL GROWTH 687 * BACTERIA EXCHANGE DNA BY
SEXUAL CONJUGATION, PHAGE- MEDIATED TRANSDUCTION, AND DNA-MEDIATED
TRANSFORMATION 688 * BACTERIAL PLASMIDS CAN BE USED AS CLONING VECTORS
689 * TRANSPOSONS CAN BE USED TO GENERATE INSERTIONAL MUTATIONS AND GENE
AND OPERON FUSIONS 689 * STUDIES ON THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF BACTERIA
HAVE BEEN ENHANCED BY RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY, WHOLE-GENOME
SEQUENCING, AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILING 690 * BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS IS
ESPECIALLY POWERFUL IN SIMPLE CELLS WITH WELL-DEVELOPED TOOLS OF
TRADITIONAL AND MOLECULAR DETAILED CONTENTS GENETICS 691 * BACTERIA ARE
ACCESSIBLE TO CYTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS 691 * PHAGE AND BACTERIA TOLD US MOST
OF THE FUNDAMENTAL THINGS ABOUT THE GENE 692 BAKER S YEAST,
SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE 693 THE EXISTENCE OF HAPLOID AND DIPLOID CELLS
FACILITATE GENETIC ANALYSIS OF S. CEREVISIAE 693 * GENERATING PRECISE
MUTATIONS IN YEAST IS EASY 694 * S. CEREVISIAE HAS A SMALL,
WELL-CHARACTERIZED GENOME 694 * S. CEREVISIAE CELLS CHANGE SHAPE AS THEY
GROW 695 THE NEMATODE WORM, CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS 696 C. ELEGANS HAS A
VERY RAPID LIFE CYCLE 696 * C. ELEGANS IS COMPOSED OF RELATIVELY FEW,
WELL STUDIED CELL LINEAGES 697 * THE CELL DEATH PATHWAY WAS DISCOVERED
IN C. ELEGANS 698 * RNAI WAS DISCOVERED IN C. ELEGANS 698 THE FRUIT FLY,
DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER 699 DROSOPHILA HAS A RAPID LIFE CYCLE 699 * THE
FIRST GENOME MAPS WERE PRODUCED IN DROSOPHILA 700 * GENETIC MOSAICS
PERMIT THE ANALYSIS OF LETHAL GENES IN ADULT FLIES 702 * THE YEAST FLP
RECOMBINASE PERMITS THE EFFICIENT PRODUCTION OF GENETIC MOSAICS 703 * IT
IS EASY TO CREATE TRANSGENIC FRUIT FLIES THAT CARRY FOREIGN DNA 703 THE
HOUSE MOUSE, MUS MUSCULUS 705 MOUSE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT DEPENDS ON
STEM CELLS 706 * IT IS EASY TO INTRODUCE FOREIGN DNA INTO THE MOUSE
EMBRYO 707 * HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION PERMITS THE SELECTIVE ABLATION OF
INDIVIDUAL GENES 707 * MICE EXHIBIT EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE 709
BIBLIOGRAPHY 711 INDEX 713
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)118629468 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV017800896 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QH506 |
| callnumber-raw | QH506 |
| callnumber-search | QH506 |
| callnumber-sort | QH 3506 |
| callnumber-subject | QH - Natural History and Biology |
| classification_rvk | WG 1700 WG 3400 |
| classification_tum | BIO 180f BIO 220f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)249237083 (DE-599)BVBBV017800896 |
| dewey-full | 572.8 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 572 - Biochemistry |
| dewey-raw | 572.8 |
| dewey-search | 572.8 |
| dewey-sort | 3572.8 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie |
| edition | 5. ed., internat. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV017800896 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:22:00Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0321223683 0805346430 0321248643 0805346422 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010688605 |
| oclc_num | 249237083 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-20 DE-29T DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-703 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-20 DE-29T DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-703 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 |
| physical | XXIX, 732 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM (12 cm) |
| publishDate | 2004 |
| publishDateSearch | 2004 |
| publishDateSort | 2004 |
| publisher | Pearson/Benjamin Cummings [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Molecular biology of the gene James D. Watson ... 5. ed., internat. ed. San Francisco Pearson/Benjamin Cummings [u.a.] 2004 XXIX, 732 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM (12 cm) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biologia molecular larpcal Citogenética larpcal Genética molecular larpcal Cytogenetics Gene Expression Gene Expression Regulation Genetic Techniques Molecular Biology Molecular biology Molecular genetics Molekulargenetik (DE-588)4039987-4 gnd rswk-swf Gen (DE-588)4128987-0 gnd rswk-swf Molekularbiologie (DE-588)4039983-7 gnd rswk-swf Gen (DE-588)4128987-0 s Molekularbiologie (DE-588)4039983-7 s 1\p DE-604 Molekulargenetik (DE-588)4039987-4 s 2\p DE-604 Watson, James D. 1928- Sonstige (DE-588)118629468 oth HEBIS Datenaustausch Mainz application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010688605&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Molecular biology of the gene Biologia molecular larpcal Citogenética larpcal Genética molecular larpcal Cytogenetics Gene Expression Gene Expression Regulation Genetic Techniques Molecular Biology Molecular biology Molecular genetics Molekulargenetik (DE-588)4039987-4 gnd Gen (DE-588)4128987-0 gnd Molekularbiologie (DE-588)4039983-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4039987-4 (DE-588)4128987-0 (DE-588)4039983-7 |
| title | Molecular biology of the gene |
| title_auth | Molecular biology of the gene |
| title_exact_search | Molecular biology of the gene |
| title_full | Molecular biology of the gene James D. Watson ... |
| title_fullStr | Molecular biology of the gene James D. Watson ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular biology of the gene James D. Watson ... |
| title_short | Molecular biology of the gene |
| title_sort | molecular biology of the gene |
| topic | Biologia molecular larpcal Citogenética larpcal Genética molecular larpcal Cytogenetics Gene Expression Gene Expression Regulation Genetic Techniques Molecular Biology Molecular biology Molecular genetics Molekulargenetik (DE-588)4039987-4 gnd Gen (DE-588)4128987-0 gnd Molekularbiologie (DE-588)4039983-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biologia molecular Citogenética Genética molecular Cytogenetics Gene Expression Gene Expression Regulation Genetic Techniques Molecular Biology Molecular biology Molecular genetics Molekulargenetik Gen Molekularbiologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010688605&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT watsonjamesd molecularbiologyofthegene |