Verfügbarkeit: Apache Webserver

Apache Webserver: Installation, Konfiguration, Administration ; [Versionen 2.0 und 1.3 ; alle Standardmodule mit Konfigurationsanweisungen ; mit den Zusatzmodulen PHP, Perl, SSL sowie Tomcat]

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Eilebrecht, Lars (VerfasserIn), Rath, Nikolaus (VerfasserIn), Rohde, Thomas (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	German
Veröffentlicht:	Bonn mitp 2003
Ausgabe:	5., erw. und überarb. Aufl.
Schlagworte:	Apache > Programm
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	Literaturverz. S. 901 - 904
Beschreibung:	928 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM
ISBN:	3826613422

Internformat

MARC


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Datensatz im Suchindex

_version_	1804130339843473408
adam_text	Titel: Apache Webserver Autor: Eilebrecht, Lars Jahr: 2003 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort zur fiinften Auflage ................................................................27 1 Einleitung ..............................................................................................31 1.1 Worum geht es in diesem Buch? ........................................................31 1.2 Leserkreis ..............................................................................................32 1.3 Kommentare und Verbesserungsvorschlage ......................................33 1.4 Danksagungen ......................................................................................33 2 Wie alles anfing......................................................................................35 2.1 Internet ..................................................................................................35 2.2 World Wide Web ..................................................................................36 2.3 Der erste grafische Webbrowser ..........................................................36 2.4 W3-Konsortium ....................................................................................37 2.5 Die Entstehung des Apache..................................................................37 3 Das Apache-Webserver-Projekt ............................................................39 3.1 Die Apache Group ................................................................................40 3.2 Motivation der Entwickler ....................................................................41 3.3 Der Apache Webserver ........................................................................41 3.4 Ziele des Apache-Projekts ....................................................................43 3.5 Apache Software Foundation ..............................................................43 4 Einrichten des Webservers ..................................................................45 4.1 Verfugbarkeit der Apache-Distributionen ..........................................45 4.2 Inhalt der Source-Distribution ............................................................45 4.2.1 Die wichtigsten Dateien der 1.3-Distribution......................46 4.2.2 Die wichtigsten Dateien der 2.0-Distribution ....................................48 4.2.3 Die Verzeichnisse im Hauptverzeichnis (Apache 2.0) ......................49 4.2.4 Die Modulverzeichnisse (Apache 2.0) ................................................49 4.3 Apache-Module......................................................................................50 4.3.1 Standardmodule ....................................................................................50 4.3.2 Extramodule ..................................................55 4.3.3 Zusammenfassung ..............................................................................63 4.4 Multi-Processing Module .................................. 65 4.5 Zusatzmodule........................................................................................66 Inhaltsverzeichnis .......................66 4.6 ubersetzen ............................... 4.6.1 AutoConf-Konfiguration (Apache 2.0) ..........-............ 4.6.2 Apache AutoConf-Style Interface (Apache 1.3) ..................................77 4.6.3 Das Installationsverzeichnis ..............................................................84 4.6.4 Compiler-Flags und Variablen ............................................................84 4.6.5 Dynamic Shared Objects (DSO) ........................................................95 4.7 Installation............................................................................................^ 4.7.1 Das Installationsverzeichnis ..............................................................97 4.8 Binary-Distributionen..........................................................................99 4.8.1 Installation.............................................. 4.9 Updates ................................................................................................^ 4.9.1 config.status und config.nice ..............................................................102 4.9.2 Apache Extension Tool ........................................................................^03 4.9.3 Die magische Nummer ......................................................................108 4.10 Automatischer Start beim Hochfahren des Rechners ......................109 4.11 Installation unter Windows ................................................................110 4.11.1 Sourcecode ................................................................................114 5 {Configuration ......................................................................................115 5.0.1 Apache 2.0 und 1.3 ..............................................................................116 5.1 Konfigurationsdateien ........................................................................117 5.1.1 Mehrzeilige Konfigurationsanweisungen ..........................................117 5.1.2 Include ..................................................................................................118 5.1.3 AccessConfig (Apache 1.3) ..................................................................119 5.1.4 ResourceConfig (Apache 1.3) ..............................................................119 5.1.5 AccessFileName ..................................................................................119 5.2 Modulkonfigurationen ........................................................................121 5.2.1 Dynamic Shared Objects (DSO) ........................................................121 5.2.2 Modulaktivierung (Apache 1.3) ...................................123 5.2.3 Bedingte Konfigurationsanweisungen ..............................................125 5.3 Grundlegende Konfigurationsanweisungen....................................127 5.3.1 ServerName ..................................................127 5.3.2 UseCanonicalName ....................................131 5.3.3 Listen ....................................................................................132 5.3.4 Port (Apache 1.3) ........................................................134 5.3.5 BindAddress (Apache 1.3) ..................................134 5.3.6 DocumentRoot ..............................^33 5.3.7 ServerRoot Inhaltsverzeichnis 5.3.8 ServerSignature ....................................................................................136 5.3.9 ServerTokens ........................................................................................136 5.3.10 ServerAdmin..........................................................................................138 5.3.11 User ........................................................................................................139 5.3.12 Group ....................................................................................................140 5.3.13 BS20ooAccount ....................................................................................140 5.3.14 PidFile ....................................................................................................141 5.3.15 KeepAlive ..............................................................................................142 5.3.16 MaxKeepAliveRequests ........................................................................142 5.3.17 KeepAliveTimeout ................................................................................143 5.3.18 Timeout..................................................................................................143 5.3.19 FileETag ................................................................................................144 5.3.20 CoreDumpDirectory ............................................................................145 5.3.21 AcceptPathlnfo (Apache 2.0) ..............................................................146 5.3.22 ProtocolReqCheck ................................................................................147 5.3.23 ServerType (Apache 1.3) ........................................................................147 5.4 Prozessmanagment ..............................................................................148 5.4.1 AcceptMutex ..........................................................................................149 5.4.2 AcceptFilter (Apache 1.3) ......................................................................151 5.4.3 AssignUserlD (Apache 2.0) ................................................................151 5.4.4 ChildPerUserlD (Apache 2.0) ..............................................................151 5.4.5 ListenBackLog ......................................................................................152 5.4.6 LockFile ..................................................................................................153 5.4.7 MaxClients ............................................................................................154 5.4.8 ServerLimit (Apache 2.0) ......................................................................155 5.4.9 MaxRequestsPerChild ..........................................................................156 5.4.10 MaxThreads (Apache 2.0) ..................................................157 5.4.11 MaxThreadsPerChild (Apache 2.0) ......................................................157 5.4.12 MinSpareServers ..................................................................................157 5.4.13 MaxSpareServers ..................................................................................158 5.4.14 MinSpareThreads (Apache 2.0) ..........................................................159 5.4.15 MaxSpareThreads (Apache 2.0) ..........................................................159 5.4.16 NumServers ..........................................................................................160 5.4.17 MaxRequestsPerThread (Apache 2.0) ................................................160 5.4.18 MaxMemFree ........................................................................................160 5.4.19 ScoreBoardFile ......................................................................................161 5.4.20 ShmemUIDisUser (Apache 1.3) ............................. 161 5.4.21 SendBufferSize......................................................................................162 11 Inhaltsverzeichnis ................162 5.4.22 StartServers .................................. 5.4.23 StartThreads (Apache 2.0) ................................. 5.4.24 ThreadsPerChild ..................................................................................^ 5.4.25 ThreadLimit..........................................................................................^4 5.4.26 ThreadStackSize (Apache 2.0) ............................................................164 5.5 Grenzwerte fur Client-Anfragen ........................................................165 ICC 5.5.1 LimitRequestLine ................................................................................,OJ 5.5.2 LimitRequestFields ..............................................................................166 5.5.3 LimitRequestFieldsize ........................................................................166 5.5.4 LimitRequestBody................................................................................166 5.5.5 LimitXMLRequestBody (Apache 2.0) ................................................167 5.6 Auspragung von Verzeichnissen und Dateien ..................................168 5.6.1 Directory und DirectoryMatch ..................................................168 5.6.2 Files und FilesMatch ..................................................................171 5.6.3 Location und LocationMatch ......................................................172 5.6.4 Kombination von Location -, Directory - und 1 Files -Sektionen ................................................................................173 5.6.5 AllowOverride ......................................................................................174 5.6.6 Options ................................................................................................178 5.7 Zugriffskontrolle von Verzeichnissen und Dateien ..........................181 5.7.1 allow ......................................................................................................182 5.7.2 deny ......................................................................................................583 5.7.3 order......................................................................183 5.7.4 Limit ................................................................................................185 5.7.5 LimitExcept ......................................................................................-]g5 5.8 Nutzerauthentifizierung......................................................-jgg 5.8.1 AuthName ....................................................1g7 5.8.2 AuthType ..............................................................-\|g7 5.8.3 Require ................................................................................................1 9 5.8.4 Satisfy....................................................................................................19Q 5.8.5 Modul mod_auth ..........................................191 5.8.6 Das Modul mod_auth_dbm ......................ig7 5.8.7 Das Modul mod_auth_db (Apache 1.3) ..............200 5.8.8 Verwendung von dbmmanage............................201 5.8.9 Die Module mod_auth_digest und mod_digest ..........205 5.8.10 Das Modul mod_auth_anon ................2 ) 4 5-9 Verzeichnisindizes ... ............................................................217 5-9-1 Directorylndex ... ..............................................................................218 Inhaltsverzeichnis 5.9.2 Auspragung der Indizes ......................................................................219 5.9.3 Zuweisen von Piktogrammen, Alt-Texten und Kurzbeschreibungen ............................................................................227 5.10 Dateitypen und -kodierung ..................................................................235 5.10.1 TypesConfig ..........................................................................................236 5.10.2 AddType ................................................................................................236 5.10.3 AddDefaultCharset................................................................................237 5.10.4 DefaultType ..........................................................................................237 5.10.5 ForceType ..............................................................................................238 5.10.6 RemoveType ..........................................................................................239 5.10.7 AddEncoding ........................................................................................239 5.10.8 RemoveEncoding ..................................................................................240 5.10.9 Das Modul mod_mime_magic ............................................................240 5.11 Datei-und Zeichensatzkonvertierung ................................................241 5.11.1 Das Charset-Lite-Modul (Apache 2.0)..................................................241 5.11.2 EBCDIC-spezifische Zeichensatzkonvertierung (Apache 1.3) ..........243 5.12 Handler ..................................................................................................246 5.12.1 Interne Handler ....................................................................................246 5.12.2 AddHandler ..........................................................................................248 5.12.3 RemoveHandler ....................................................................................249 5.12.4 SetHandler ............................................................................................250 5.12.5 Action ....................................................................................................251 5.12.6 Script ......................................................................................................251 5.12.7 Beispiel eines eigenen Action-Handlers..............................................252 5.13 Filter (Apache 2.0) ................................................................................254 5.13.1 Standard Filter-Anweisungen ..............................................................254 5.14 Automatische Datenkomprimierung ..................................................261 5.14.1 DeflateWindowSize ..............................................................................263 5.14.2 DeflateMemLevel ..................................................................................263 5.14.3 DeflateCompressionLevel ....................................................................263 5.14.4 DeflateFilterNote ..................................................................................264 5.15 Logfiles ..................................................................................................265 5.15.1 ErrorLog ................................................................................................265 5.15.2 LogLevel ................................................................................................266 5.15.3 LogFormat..............................................................................................267 5.15.4 TransferLog ..........................................................................................273 5.15.5 CustomLog ............................................................................................274 5.15.6 AgentLog (Apache 1.3) ..........................................................................277 13 Inhaltsverzeichnis W7 5.15.8 5.15.9 5.15.10 277 RefererLog (Apache 1.3) ................................... Refererlgnore (Apache 1.3) ..................................................................222 _1.T ......................278 CookieLog ......................................... 279 HostNameLookups ....................................... 5.15.11 IdentityCheck ......................................................................................280 5.15.12 ScriptLog ..............................................................................................28^ 5.15.13 ScriptLogLength ..................................................................................282 5.15.14 ScriptLogBuffer....................................................................................283 5.15.15 RewriteLog............................................................................................283 5.15.16 RewriteLogLevel ..................................................................................283 5.15.17 Gepuffertes Logging ............................................................................284 5.15.18 Logfile-Rotation ....................................................................................285 5.16 Aliases und Redirects ..........................................................................288 5.16.1 mod_alias..............................................................................................288 5.16.2 mod_rewrite ........................................................................................293 5.16.3 mod_speling ........................................................................................328 5.17 Benutzerverzeichnisse ........................................................................330 5.17.1 mod_userdir ........................................................................................330 5.18 Content Negotiation ............................................................................332 5.18.1 Type-Maps ............................................................................................333 5.18.2 MultiViews ...................................................................................333 5.18.3 Caching von Variationen ....................................................................341 5.19 Image-Maps..........................................................................................342 5.19.1 ImapBase ..............................................................................................343 5.19.2 ImapDefault ........................................................................................343 5.19.3 ImapMenu............................................................................................344 Das imagemap-CGI-Skript..................................................................344 Common Gateway Interface (CGI) ....................................................345 5.20.1 Verzeichnis als CGI-Verzeichnis deklarieren ....................................345 5.20.2 Datei als CGI-Skript deklarieren ....................................................345 5-20.3 Dateiendung zur Kennzeichnung von CGI-Skripten........................346 5.20.4 suEXEC-Wrapper ..........................................346 5-20.5 Interpreter-Definition unter Windows ..............................................350 5.20.6 Interpreter-Definition unter NetWare ..............................351 5-20.7 Deaktivieren von CGI-Query-Parametern (Apache 1.3) .!!!!! 351 5.20.8 Verwendung des CGI-Daemon (Apache 2.0) ..........352 5.20.9 Logfiles.......................... 6 ......................................................................................352 5.19.4 5.20 14 Inhaltsverzeichnis 5.21 Windows ISAPI-Extensions..................................................................352 5.21.1 ISAPIReadAheadBuffer........................................................................353 5.21.2 ISAPILogNotSupported ........................................................................353 5.21.3 ISAPIAppendLogToErrors ..................................................................353 5.21.4 ISAPIAppendLogToQuery ..................................................................353 5.21.5 ISAPIFakeAsync (Apache 2.0) ............................................................354 5.21.6 ISAPICacheFile (Apache 2.0) ..............................................................354 5.21.7 Unterstiitzte Support-Funktionen ......................................................354 5.22 Server-Side Includes (SSI) ....................................................................355 5.22.1 Caching von SSI-Dokumenten ............................................................357 5.22.2 XBitHack................................................................................................357 5.22.3 SSIStartTag und SSIEndTag (Apache 2.0)..........................................358 5.22.4 SSIErrorMsg (Apache 2.0) ..................................................................359 5.22.5 SSITimeFormat (Apache 2.0) ..............................................................359 5.23 Umgebungsvariablen............................................................................360 5.23.1 mocLenv ................................................................................................360 5.23.2 modLsetenvif ........................................................................................361 5.23.3 mod__unique_id ....................................................................................369 5.23.4 mod_rewrite ..........................................................................................369 5.24 Header-Manipulationen ......................................................................369 5.24.1 mocLheaders ........................................................................................370 5.24.2 mod_asis ................................................................................................375 5.24.3 mod__expires ..........................................................................................376 5.24.4 mod__cern_meta ....................................................................................379 5.24.5 Nicht modifizierbare Header ..............................................................381 5.25 Message Digest-Erzeugung ..................................................................381 5.25.1 ContentDigest........................................................................................381 5.26 Status- und Informationsseiten ..........................................................382 5.26.1 server-info ..............................................................................................382 5.26.2 server-status ..........................................................................................384 5.27 User-Tracking ........................................................................................386 5.27.1 CookieTracking ....................................................................................387 5.27.2 CookieStyle ............................................................................................388 5.27.3 CookieName .................................................................388 5.27.4 CookieExpires ........................................................................................389 5.27.5 CookieDomain ......................................................................................389 5.27.6 CookieFormat ........................................................................................390 15 Inhaltsverzeichnis 5.27.7 CookiePrefix ........................................................................................^ 391 5.27.8 Logfiles................................................. 5.28 Proxy .................................................. 392 5.28.1 ProxyRequests ........................................... 5.28.2 ProxyTimeout (Apache 2.0) ................................................................393 393 5.28.3 ...................................................... 5.28.4 ProxyRemote, ProxyRemoteMatch ....................................................394 5.28.5 ProxyVia................................................................................................395 5.28.6 NoProxy ..........................................................................396 5.28.7 ProxyPass..............................................................................................396 5.28.8 ProxyPassReverse ................................................................................397 5.28.9 ProxyPreserveHost (Apache 2.0) .................................39S 5.28.10 ProxyBlock ............................................................................................398 5.28.11 ProxyMaxForwards (Apache 2.0) .................................................399 5.28.12 AllowCONNECT .............................................................399 5.28.13 ProxyReceiveBufferSize ......................................................................400 5.28.14 ProxylOBufferSize ..............................................................................401 5.28.15 ProxyErrorOverride (Apache 2.0) ......................................................401 5.28.16 ProxyBadHeader (Apache 2.0) ............................................................402 5.28.17 Proxy-Zugriffskontrolle ......................................................................402 5.28.18 Eine geeignete Portnummer ..............................................................405 5.29 Cache ....................................................................................................407 5.29.1 Caching-Funktionalitaten in Apache 2.0 (mod_cache) ....................407 5.29.2 Caching-Anweisungen in Apache 1.3 (mod_proxy) ..........................422 5.30 Virtual Hosts ......................................................................42g 5.30.1 Was ist ein »Virtual Host«? ................................................................428 5.30.2 IP-basierte virtuelle Server ........................................................479 5.30.3 Namensbasierte virtuelle Server ........................................................430 5.30.4 VirtualHost ............................................^ 5.30.5 Der Hauptserver .................... 5.30.6 Default-Server ............................................4^g 5.30.7 Zuweisung eines virtuellen Servers ..................................................439 5.30.8 Zusammenfassung ...................... 44Q 5.30.9 Konfigurationsbeispiele ..................... ..................442 5.30.10 Oberpriifung der Virtual-Host-Konfiguration 447 5.30.11 Dateideskriptoren ............. 5.30.12 Mass-Virtual-Hosting ..................... Inhaltsverzeichnis 5.31 Publishing via WebDAV ......................................................................453 5.31.1 Dav..........................................................................................................454 5.31.2 DavLockDB ............................................................................................455 5.31.3 DavMinTimeout ....................................................................................455 5.31.4 DavDepthlnfinity ..................................................................................456 5.32 LDAP-Unterstiitzung ............................................................................456 5.32.1 LDAP-Hauptmodul ..............................................................................457 5.32.2 Authentifizierung via LDAP ................................................................460 5.33 Selbst definierte Fehlerdokumente......................................................467 5.33.1 ErrorDocument ....................................................................................468 5.33.2 Mehrsprachige Fehlermeldungen ......................................................469 5.33.3 Umgebungsvariablen............................................................................471 5.34 Performance-Steigerung durch Memory-Mapping und Caching ... 472 5.34.1 Automatisches Memory-Mapping ......................................................472 5.34.2 Statisches Memory-Mapping und Datei-Caching ..............................473 5.34.3 Datei-Caching ........................................................................................475 5.35 Limitierung der Ressourcen ................................................................476 5.35.1 RLimitCPU ............................................................................................476 5.35.2 RLimitMEM ..........................................................................................477 5.35.3 RLimitNPROC ......................................................................................477 6 HTTP-Daemon ......................................................................................479 6.1 Funktionsprinzipien ............................................................................479 6.1.1 Pre-Forking ............................................................................................479 6.1.2 Multi-Threading ....................................................................................480 6.1.3 Hybrid ....................................................................................................480 6.2 Die Multi-Processing-Module (MPMs)................................................481 6.2.1 Unix »prefork« ......................................................................................481 6.2.2 Unix »worker« ......................................................................................481 6.2.3 Unix »leader« ........................................................................................482 6.2.4 Unix »threadpool« ................................................................................483 6.2.5 Unix »perchild« ....................................................................................483 6.2.6 BeOS ......................................................................................................483 6.2.7 NetWare ................................................................................................484 6.2.8 OS/2 ......................................................................................................484 6.2.9 Windows ................................................................................................484 6.3 Kommandozeilenoptionen ..................................................................484 6.3.1 Hilfe ......................................................................................................485 Inhaltsverzeichnis 6.3.2 Server-Verzeichnis festlegen ............................... 485 486 6.3.3 Konfigurationsdatei spezifizieren ..................................................^ 6.3.4 Versions- und Built-Nummer ............................................................^ 6.3.5 Erstellungsparameter ..........................................................................^ 6.3.6 Eingebundene Module .................................... 67 Zusatzliche Konfigurationsanweisungen ..........................................488 489 6 .8 lfDefme-Parameter ....................................... 489 6.3.9 Konfigurationsanweisungen ............................... 6.3.10 Syntaxuberprufung der Serverkonfiguration ......................490 6.3.11 Oberpriifung der VirtualHost-Konfiguration ....................................490 6.3.12 Protokollierungsoptionen...................................4^^ 6.3.13 Fehlersuche mittels Debugger ............................................................49^ 6.3.14 Hauptprozesse im Vordergrund ausfuhren ......................................49 ! 6.3.15 Modul-Verzeichnis festlegen ..............................................................491 6.4 Starten und Stoppen des Apache ........................................................49^ 6.4.1 Starten ..................................................................................................49^ 6.4.2 Stoppen .....................................................494 6.4.3 Restart ..................................................................................................494 6.4.4 Konfigurationsfehler............................................................................496 6.5 Windows-spezifische Optionen ..........................................................497 6.5.1 Installation als Service ..........................................................498 6.5.2 Apache als Console-Applikation ........................................................499 6.5.3 Starten, Neustarten oder Stoppen ......................................................499 6.5.4 Anpassung der Stacksize ....................................................................500 6.6 NetWare-spezifische Optionen ..........................................................500 7 Sicherheitsaspekte ............................................................501 7.1 Bausteine einer sicheren Website ......................................................501 7.1.1 Wahl des Betriebssystems ..................................................................501 7.1.2 Das Serversystem ................................................................................502 7.1.3 Firewalls....................................... _ ^ 503 7.1.4 Physische Sicherheit............................................................................504 7.1.5 Datensicherung..............................................................504 7.1.6 Security Policies ..............................................................505 7.2 Sicherheitsliicken ..........................................................506 7.2.1 Meldungen zu Sicherheitsliicken ... 506 ?-2-2 cve •••..............................507 7.2.3 Apache-Sicherheitsliicken ....................................509 Inhaltsverzeichnis 7.3 Risikominimierung ..............................................................................520 7.3.1 Allgemeine Apache-Konfiguration ......................................................520 7.3.2 Systemspezifische Konfiguration ........................................................525 7.4 Sicherheitsvorfalle ................................................................................533 7.4.1 Alarmierungsphase ..............................................................................533 7.4.2 Analysephase ........................................................................................535 7.4.3 Reaktionsphase......................................................................................535 8 Common Gateway Interface (CGI) ......................................................539 8.1 Funktionsweise ....................................................................................539 8.2 Konfiguration ........................................................................................540 8.2.1 GET oder POST? ..................................................................................541 8.2.2 Minimalanforderung ............................................................................542 8.3 Statuscode ..............................................................................................543 8.4 Umgebungsvariablen............................................................................543 8.3 NPH-Skripten (Apache 1.3) ..................................................................544 8.6 Ungepufferte Ausgabe ..........................................................................545 8.7 Fehlerbeseitigung..................................................................................546 8.8 Sicherheit ..............................................................................................546 8.8.1 Sicherheitstipps zur CGI-Programmierung........................................548 8.8.2 Sicherheitstipps zur CGI-Konfiguration ............................................551 8.9 suEXEC-Wrapper ..................................................................................552 9 Server-Side Includes (SSI) ...........................................553 9.1 Funktionsweise ....................................................................................553 9.2 Konfiguration ........................................................................................553 9.3 SSI-Anweisungen..................................................................................554 9.3.1 Dateien einbinden ................................................................................555 9.3.2 Datei-Informationen ............................................................................556 9.3.3 Programme ausfuhren..........................................................................558 9.3.4 Umgebungsvariablen............................................................................559 9.3.5 Fehlermeldung ......................................................................................562 9.3.6 Flusskontrolle ........................................................................................563 9.4 Sicherheitsaspekte ................................................................................566 9.4.1 Ausfuhren von CGI-Skripten und Shell-Skripten ..............................566 9.4.2 Cross-Site Scripting ..............................................................................567 9.4.3 Filter (Apache 2.0) ................................................................................567 9.5 Perl-SSI (Apache 1.3) ............................................................................567 19 Inhaltsverzeichnis 10 Umgebungsvariablen ..........................................................................^ io.i Standardvariablen ........................................ xo.2 Header-Variablen ........................................ io.^ Zusatzvariablen ....................................................................................^ 572 10.4 Eigene Variablen ......................................... 10.5 Verwendung von Shell-Variablen in der Serverkonfiguration --------573 10.6 Beispiel ................................................................................................^ 11 Content Negotiation ............................................................................575 11.1 Standard-Apache-Content Negotiation ..............................................576 11.1.1 Apache Negotiation Algorithm ..........................................................576 11.1.2 Type-Maps ............................................................................................577 n.1.3 Der Webclient sagt, was er will ..........................................................582 11.1.4 MultiViews ..........................................................................................586 11.2 Transparent Content Negotiation ......................................................591 11.2.1 Remote Variante Selection Algorithm................................................593 11.3 Einsatzmoglichkeiten ..........................................................................594 12 Image-Maps..........................................................................................595 12.1 Client-Side Image-Maps ......................................................................595 12.2 Server-Side Image-Maps......................................................................596 12.2.1 base ......................................................................................................597 12.2.2 default ...........................................................................597 12.2.3 poly........................................................................................................597 12.2.4 circle.................................... 12.2.5 rect ..............................................................................................597 12.2.6 point............................. 12.2.7 URL-Angaben ......................................................................59g 13 Secure Webserver ........................... 13.1 Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) ............................................5gg 13.1.1 Eigenschaften von SSL ................................................600 13.2 SSL-Integration in den Apache ..................................$qq 13.2.1 OpenSSL ......................... .................. 13-2.2 Einbinden von mod_ssl in Apache 2.0 ..........................................604 13.2.3 Einbinden von mod_ssl in Apache 1.3 ............................605 13-2.4 Serverzertifikat .................................................... 13.2.5 Start und ZugrifFauf den SSL-Server ........................fiia Inhaltsverzeichnis 13.3 Konfiguration ........................................................................................618 13.3.1 HTTPS-Proxy-Konfiguration ................................................................641 13.3.2 Beispielkonfiguration............................................................................645 13.4 Virtuelle SSL-Server ..............................................................................646 13.5 SSL-Umgebungsvariablen ....................................................................648 13.5.1 Spezielle Variablen................................................................................649 13.6 Fehlersuche ..........................................................................................651 14 PHP: Hypertext-Praprozessor ..............................................................653 14.1 Ubersicht und Funktionsweise ............................................................653 14.2 Versionen ..............................................................................................654 14.3 Installation ............................................................................................655 14.3.1 Unix........................................................................................................655 14.3.2 Windows ................................................................................................664 14.4 Konfigurationsdateien ..........................................................................669 14.5 Applikationen zum Beschleunigen von PHP ....................................674 14.6 Tipps, Tricks und sonstige hilfreiche Anweisungen ..........................677 14.6.1 Das eigene Projekt ................................................................................677 14.6.2 Anwendungsdesign ..............................................................................678 14.6.3 Richtlinien zum Programmieren ........................................................678 14.6.4 Geeignete Editoren flir PHP ................................................................679 14.6.5 Debugging ............................................................................................679 14.6.6 Content Management Systeme ............................................................680 14.7 PHP-Schnipsel ......................................................................................680 14.7.1 Redirect auf eine andere Seite..............................................................680 14.7.2 Passwortschutz fur ein Verzeichnis ....................................................681 14.7.3 Austauschen von Variablen ..................................................................682 14.7.4 Ausgabe von Variablen in kurzester Form..........................................682 14.7.5 Variablen innerhalb einer Funktion ....................................................682 14.7.6 Datum aus einem MySQL-Timestamp-Feld formatieren ..................683 14.7.7 Oberpriifung einer E-Mail-Adresse auf eine korrekte Syntax............683 14.7.8 Letzte Anderung einer Datei ................................................................683 14.7.9 Dynamische Erzeugung einer WAP-Seite ..........................................683 14.7.10 Verzeichnisstruktur mit PHP und Apache simulieren ......................684 14.7.11 PDF-Formulare mit PHP ausflillen ....................................................685 14.8 Pear ........................................................................................................685 14.9 Informationsquellen ............................................................................687 21 Inhaltsverzeichnis ................689 I5 mod_perl ..............................* * * 6gg 15.1 Einleitung ............................................................................................6gg 15.1.1 Was ist Perl? ............................................ ic,i.2 Was ist ................................................. , , ................691 15.1.3 rnod_peri 2.0 ................................. 15.2 Sicherheit..............................................................................................^ 15.3 Installation.............................................. 15.3.1 mod_perl i.x ........................................................................................^ 695 15.3.2 mod_perl 2.0 ............................................ 15.4 CGI-Skripten mit mod_perl ..............................* • 697 15.4.1 Ausfiihren von vorhandenen CGI-Skripten unter mod_perl ..........697 15.4.2 Schreiben neuer Skripten.................................. 15.5 Konfigurieren des Apache in Perl ......................................................703 15.5.1 Definition von Konfigurationsanweisungen ....................................704 15.5.2 Perl-Code innerhalb von Sektionen....................................................709 15.5.3 Direktes Schreiben von Konfigurationsanweisungen ......................709 15.5.4 Typische Fehler ........................................................710 15.5.5 Beispielkonfiguration ..........................................................................711 15.6 Erweitern des Apache ..........................................................................715 15.6.1 Requestbearbeitung ............................................................................715 15.6.2 Threading und Interpreter ..................................................................716 15.6.3 Requestphasen ....................................................................................717 15.6.4 Installation von Perl-Handlern ..........................................................722 15.7 Callback-Hooks ..................................................723 15.7.1 Prozessinitialisierung ..........................................................................724 15.7.2 PostReadRequest..................................................................................724 15.7.3 InitHandler ..........................................................................................724 15.7.4 TransHandler ......................................................................................725 15.7.5 HeaderParserHandler ..................................................................725 15.7.6 AccessHandler ............................................................................775 15.7.7 AuthenHandler ....................................................................................72g 15.7.8 AuthzHandler ..............................................................729 15.7.9 TypeHandler ..................................................................731 15.7.10 FixupHandler ......................................................731 15.7.11 ResponseHandler ................................................731 15.7.12 LogHandler .............................. * ?34 I5-7-I3 C^anupHandler ........................................73^ 15.7-14 ChildExitHandler ...............................................735 22 Inhaltsverzeichnis 15.8 Sub-Requests ........................................................................................735 15.9 Debugging ............................................................................................736 15.9.1 Apache::DB ............................................................................................737 15.9.2 Devel::ptkdb ..........................................................................................738 15.10 Parameteriibergabe ..............................................................................739 15.10.1 PerlSetVar ..............................................................................................740 15.10.2 Neue Konfigurationsanweisungen ......................................................742 15.10.3 Syntax ....................................................................................................745 15.10.4 Kontext ..................................................................................................745 15.11 Request Notes ........................................................................................746 15.12 Filter ......................................................................................................746 15.13 Konfigurationsanweisungen ................................................................751 15.14 Funktionsreferenz ................................................................................758 15.14.1 Apache::Table ........................................................................................769 15.14.2 Apache::Constants ................................................................................770 15.14.3 Apache::Log ..........................................................................................770 15.15 Ausgewahlte Perl-Module ....................................................................771 15.15.1 Embperl..................................................................................................771 15.15.2 Apache::Filter ........................................................................................771 15153 Apache::OutputChain ..........................................................................772 15.15.4 Apache::FilterChain ..............................................................................772 15.15.5 AxKit ......................................................................................................773 15.15.6 Apache::FakeSSI....................................................................................773 15.15.7 Apache::DBI ..........................................................................................773 16 Tomcat ..................................................................................................775 16.1 Was ist Tomcat? ....................................................................................775 16.1.1 Versionen ..............................................................................................775 16.2 Installation ............................................................................................775 16.2.1 Starten von Tomcat ..............................................................................777 16.2.2 Stoppen von Tomcat ............................................................................778 16.3 Grundlagen ............................................................................................778 16.3.1 Servlets ..................................................................................................778 16.3.2 JSP ..........................................................................................................778 16.3.3 Web-Applikationen (WARs) ................................................................779 16.3.4 Tomcat ..................................................................................................779 16.4 Konfiguration des Apache ....................................................................780 16.4.1 Worker ..................................................................................................783 23 Inhaftsverzeichnis 16.5 Konfiguration von Tomcat ..................................................................784 16.5.1 Basiskonfiguration ..............................................................................784 16.5.2 Kontexte ................................................................................................785 16.5.3 web.xml ................................................................................................786 16.5.4 Verschachtelte Elemente ....................................................................788 16.6 Referenz....................................................................789 16.7 Beispiel ................................................................................................796 16.8 Literatur ................................................................................................798 17 Logfile-Analyse ....................................................................................799 17.1 Auslastungsstatistik ...................................... 799 17.1.1 Zugriffsstatistik ....................................................................................799 17.1.2 Zugriffssequenz bestimmter Domains ..............................................799 17.1.3 Minimale Leseranzahl ........................................................................800 17.1.4 Uncachebare Seiten ............................................................................800 17.1.5 Warum uberhaupt eine Statistik? ......................................................800 17.2 Analyseprogramme ..............................................................................801 17.2.1 Analog ubersetzen ..............................................................................801 17.2.2 Installation............................................................................................802 17.2.3 Verwendungsmoglichkeiten ..............................................................803 17.3 Hilfsprogramme .............................................810 18 Suchen und Finden ................................................gn 18.1 WebGlimpse ..................................................g-j-j 18.1.1 Funktionalitat ..........................................g12 18.1.2 Sicherheitshinweis ....................................g12 18.1.3 Verfugbarkeit........................................g^ 18.2 Isite Information System ..............................g13 18.2.1 Funktionalitat ......................................g13 18.2.2 Verfugbarkeit..... 18.3 HTDig ...............................................................^4 18.3.1 Funktionalitat ............. 18.3.2 Verfugbarkeit............... ............................4 18.4 Zusammenfassung s ............................................................................815 19 Robots, Crawlers und Spiders 19-1 Was ist ein Webrobot? ........ ........................... 19-2 Wozu dient ein Webrobot* ............................................817 ....................................................................817 Inhaltsverzeichnis 19.3 Erkennen eines Webrobot-Besuchs ....................................................818 19.4 Robots aussperren ................................................................................818 19.4.1 robots.txt ................................................................................................819 19.5 Rapid-Fire-Robots ..................................................................................824 19.6 Robots anlocken ....................................................................................824 A Einftihrung in HTTP ............................................................................825 B Zusatzmodule........................................................................................835 C MIME-Typen ........................................................................................851 D Sprachcodes ..........................................................................................863 E Top-Level-Domains ..............................................................................865 F Regulare Ausdrucke ..............................................................................871 G Mailinglisten..........................................................................................873 H Newsgruppen ........................................................................................881 I Installations-Layout ..............................................................................883 J Lizenzbedingungen der Apache Software Foundation ......................897 K Inhalt der CD-ROM ..............................................................................899 L Literaturverzeichnis ..............................................................................901 Stichwortverzeichnis ............................................................................905 *5
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spelling	Eilebrecht, Lars Verfasser aut Apache Webserver Installation, Konfiguration, Administration ; [Versionen 2.0 und 1.3 ; alle Standardmodule mit Konfigurationsanweisungen ; mit den Zusatzmodulen PHP, Perl, SSL sowie Tomcat] Lars Eilebrecht ; Nikolaus Rath ; Thomas Rohde 5., erw. und überarb. Aufl. Bonn mitp 2003 928 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 901 - 904 Apache Programm (DE-588)4460947-4 gnd rswk-swf Apache Programm (DE-588)4460947-4 s DE-604 Rath, Nikolaus Verfasser aut Rohde, Thomas Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010574766&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Eilebrecht, Lars Rath, Nikolaus Rohde, Thomas Apache Webserver Installation, Konfiguration, Administration ; [Versionen 2.0 und 1.3 ; alle Standardmodule mit Konfigurationsanweisungen ; mit den Zusatzmodulen PHP, Perl, SSL sowie Tomcat] Apache Programm (DE-588)4460947-4 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4460947-4
title	Apache Webserver Installation, Konfiguration, Administration ; [Versionen 2.0 und 1.3 ; alle Standardmodule mit Konfigurationsanweisungen ; mit den Zusatzmodulen PHP, Perl, SSL sowie Tomcat]
title_auth	Apache Webserver Installation, Konfiguration, Administration ; [Versionen 2.0 und 1.3 ; alle Standardmodule mit Konfigurationsanweisungen ; mit den Zusatzmodulen PHP, Perl, SSL sowie Tomcat]
title_exact_search	Apache Webserver Installation, Konfiguration, Administration ; [Versionen 2.0 und 1.3 ; alle Standardmodule mit Konfigurationsanweisungen ; mit den Zusatzmodulen PHP, Perl, SSL sowie Tomcat]
title_full	Apache Webserver Installation, Konfiguration, Administration ; [Versionen 2.0 und 1.3 ; alle Standardmodule mit Konfigurationsanweisungen ; mit den Zusatzmodulen PHP, Perl, SSL sowie Tomcat] Lars Eilebrecht ; Nikolaus Rath ; Thomas Rohde
title_fullStr	Apache Webserver Installation, Konfiguration, Administration ; [Versionen 2.0 und 1.3 ; alle Standardmodule mit Konfigurationsanweisungen ; mit den Zusatzmodulen PHP, Perl, SSL sowie Tomcat] Lars Eilebrecht ; Nikolaus Rath ; Thomas Rohde
title_full_unstemmed	Apache Webserver Installation, Konfiguration, Administration ; [Versionen 2.0 und 1.3 ; alle Standardmodule mit Konfigurationsanweisungen ; mit den Zusatzmodulen PHP, Perl, SSL sowie Tomcat] Lars Eilebrecht ; Nikolaus Rath ; Thomas Rohde
title_short	Apache Webserver
title_sort	apache webserver installation konfiguration administration versionen 2 0 und 1 3 alle standardmodule mit konfigurationsanweisungen mit den zusatzmodulen php perl ssl sowie tomcat
title_sub	Installation, Konfiguration, Administration ; [Versionen 2.0 und 1.3 ; alle Standardmodule mit Konfigurationsanweisungen ; mit den Zusatzmodulen PHP, Perl, SSL sowie Tomcat]
topic	Apache Programm (DE-588)4460947-4 gnd
topic_facet	Apache Programm
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010574766&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT eilebrechtlars apachewebserverinstallationkonfigurationadministrationversionen20und13allestandardmodulemitkonfigurationsanweisungenmitdenzusatzmodulenphpperlsslsowietomcat AT rathnikolaus apachewebserverinstallationkonfigurationadministrationversionen20und13allestandardmodulemitkonfigurationsanweisungenmitdenzusatzmodulenphpperlsslsowietomcat AT rohdethomas apachewebserverinstallationkonfigurationadministrationversionen20und13allestandardmodulemitkonfigurationsanweisungenmitdenzusatzmodulenphpperlsslsowietomcat

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