The biogeochemistry of submerged soils:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester
Wiley
2004
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Publisher description Table of contents Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (p. ) |
| Beschreibung: | VIII, 291 S. Ill.,graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0470863013 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Kirk, Guy |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The biogeochemistry of submerged soils |c Guy Kirk |
| 264 | 1 | |a Chichester |b Wiley |c 2004 | |
| 300 | |a VIII, 291 S. |b Ill.,graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (p. ) | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Biogeoquímica | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Química de suelos | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Suelos hidromórficos | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgements xi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Global Extent of Submerged Soils and Wetlands 1
1.2 Biogeochemical Characteristics 3
1.3 Types of Submerged Soil 9
1.3.1 Organic Soils 9
1.3.2 Mineral Soils 10
1.3.3 Relation between Soils and Landform 12
2 Transport Processes in Submerged Soils 17
2.1 Mass Flow 19
2.2 Diffusion 22
2.2.1 Diffusion Coefficients in Soil 22
2.2.2 Propagation of pH Changes Through Soil 35
2.3 Ebullition 38
2.4 Mixing by Soil Animals 39
3 Interchange of Solutes between Solid, Liquid and Gas Phases 45
A. WATER 45
3.1 Composition of the Water 45
3.1.1 Acid and Bases 46
3.1.2 Speciation 47
3.1.3 Equilibrium Calculations 50
3.2 pH Buffer Capacity 53
3.3 Equilibrium with the Gas Phase 54
3.3.1 Floodwater CO2 Dynamics 56
3.4 Gas Transport Across the Air Water Interface 58
3.4.1 CO2 Transfer Across the Air Water Interface 61
B. SOIL 65
3.5 The Solid Surfaces in Soils 65
3.6 The Solid Surfaces in Submerged Soils 69
3.6.1 Organic Matter in Submerged Soils 74
3.7 Solid Solution Interactions 76
3.7.1 Adsorption 76
vi Contents
3.7.2 Precipitation 79
3.7.3 Co Precipitation in Solid Solutions 82
3.7.4 Inhibition of Precipitation 85
3.7.5 Equations for Solid—Solution Interactions 87
4 Reduction and Oxidation 93
4.1 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Redox Reactions 93
4.1.1 Electron Activities and Free Energy Changes 93
4.1.2 Redox Potentials 97
4.1.3 Relation between pe and Concentration of Redox
Couples 97
4.1.4 pe pH Diagrams 99
4.1.5 Energetics of Reactions Mediated by Microbes 102
4.2 Redox Conditions in Soils 106
4.2.1 Changes with Depth in the Soil 107
4.2.2 Changes with Time 109
4.2.3 Calculated Changes in pe, pH and Fe During Soil
Reduction 113
4.2.4 Measurement of Redox Potential in Soil 116
4.3 Transformations of Nutrient Elements Accompanying
Changes in Redox 119
4.3.1 Transformations of Carbon 120
4.3.2 Transformations of Nitrogen 120
4.3.3 Transformations of Sulfur 122
4.3.4 Transformations of Phosphorus 124
4.4 Oxidation of Reduced Soil 127
4.4.1 Kinetics of Fe2+Oxidation 128
4.4.2 Simultaneous Diffusion and Oxidation in Soil 131
5 Biological Processes in the Soil and Floodwater 135
5.1 Microbiological Processes 135
5.1.1 Processes Involved in Sequential Reduction 136
5.1.2 Nitrate Reduction 141
5.1.3 Iron and Manganese Reduction 142
5.1.4 Sulfate Reduction 143
5.1.5 Methanogenesis 144
5.1.6 Aerobic Processes 147
5.2 Macrobiological Processes 150
5.2.1 Net Primary Production and Decomposition 150
5.2.2 The Floodwater Soil System 151
5.2.3 Floodwater Properties 152
5.2.4 Floodwater Flora 154
5.2.5 Fauna 159
5.3 Is Biodiversity Important? 163
Contents vii
6 Processes in Roots and the Rhizosphere 165
6.1 Effects of Anoxia and Anaerobicity on Plant Roots 165
6.1.1 Adaptations to Anoxia 167
6.1.2 Armstrong and Beckett s Model of Root Aeration 170
6.2 Architecture of Wetland Plant Root Systems 171
6.2.1 Model of Root Aeration versus Nutrient Absorption 172
6.2.2 Root Surface Required for Nutrient Absorption 177
6.3 Nutrient Absorption Properties of Wetland Plant Roots 180
6.3.1 Ion Transport in Roots 180
6.3.2 Ion Transport in Wetland Roots 184
6.4 Root Induced Changes in the Soil 190
6.4.1 Oxygenation of the Rhizosphere 191
6.4.2 The pH Profile Across the Rhizosphere 194
6.5 Consequences of Root induced Changes 196
6.5.1 Nitrincation Denitrification in the Rhizosphere 196
6.5.2 Solubilization of Phosphate 197
6.5.3 Solubilization of Zinc 200
6.5.4 Immobilization of Cations 200
6.6 Conclusions 202
7 Nutrients, Toxins and Pollutants 203
7.1 Nutrient and Acidity Balances 203
7.1.1 Nutrient Balances in Ricefields 203
7.1.2 Acidity Balances in Ricefields 208
7.1.3 Peat Bogs 210
7.1.4 Riparian Wetlands 210
7.1.5 Tidal Wetlands 211
7.2 Toxins 212
7.2.1 Acidity 212
7.2.2 Iron Toxicity 214
7.2.3 Organic Acids 215
7.2.4 Salinity 216
7.3 Trace Elements 218
7.3.1 Global Cycling of Trace Elements 218
7.3.2 Transport Through Soil and into Plant Roots 218
7.3.1 Mobilities of Individual Trace Elements 220
8 Trace Gases 233
8.1 Methane 233
8.1.1 Global Budget 233
8.1.2 Processes Governing Methane Emissions from Rice 234
8.1.3 Modelling Methane Emission 237
viii Contents
8.1.4 Estimating Emissions at the Regional Scale 244
8.1.5 Possibilities For Decreasing Emissions 246
8.2 Nitrogen Oxides 247
8.2.1 Global Budget 247
8.2.2 Processes Governing Nitrous and Nitric Oxide
Emissions from Rice 249
8.2.3 Differences between Rice Production Systems 250
8.3 Ammonia 252
8.3.1 Global Budget 252
8.3.2 Processes Governing Ammonia Emissions from Rice 254
8.4 Sulfur Compounds 256
8.4.1 Global Budget 256
8.4.2 Emissions from Ricefields 256
8.5 Carbon Sequestration 258
References 259
Index 283
|
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| author_facet | Kirk, Guy |
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| dewey-raw | 631.41 |
| dewey-search | 631.41 |
| dewey-sort | 3631.41 |
| dewey-tens | 630 - Agriculture and related technologies |
| discipline | Geowissenschaften Agrarwissenschaft Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau Pflanzenbau Geographie |
| format | Book |
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| lccn | 2003019773 |
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| spelling | Kirk, Guy Verfasser aut The biogeochemistry of submerged soils Guy Kirk Chichester Wiley 2004 VIII, 291 S. Ill.,graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references (p. ) Biogeoquímica Química de suelos Suelos hidromórficos Nassboden (DE-588)4236112-6 gnd rswk-swf Bodenchemie (DE-588)4146134-4 gnd rswk-swf Biogeochemie (DE-588)4125243-3 gnd rswk-swf Feuchtgebiet (DE-588)4016960-1 gnd rswk-swf Feuchtgebiet (DE-588)4016960-1 s Nassboden (DE-588)4236112-6 s Biogeochemie (DE-588)4125243-3 s DE-604 Bodenchemie (DE-588)4146134-4 s b DE-604 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/wiley041/2003019773.html Publisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip048/2003019773.html Table of contents HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010557081&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kirk, Guy The biogeochemistry of submerged soils Biogeoquímica Química de suelos Suelos hidromórficos Nassboden (DE-588)4236112-6 gnd Bodenchemie (DE-588)4146134-4 gnd Biogeochemie (DE-588)4125243-3 gnd Feuchtgebiet (DE-588)4016960-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4236112-6 (DE-588)4146134-4 (DE-588)4125243-3 (DE-588)4016960-1 |
| title | The biogeochemistry of submerged soils |
| title_auth | The biogeochemistry of submerged soils |
| title_exact_search | The biogeochemistry of submerged soils |
| title_full | The biogeochemistry of submerged soils Guy Kirk |
| title_fullStr | The biogeochemistry of submerged soils Guy Kirk |
| title_full_unstemmed | The biogeochemistry of submerged soils Guy Kirk |
| title_short | The biogeochemistry of submerged soils |
| title_sort | the biogeochemistry of submerged soils |
| topic | Biogeoquímica Química de suelos Suelos hidromórficos Nassboden (DE-588)4236112-6 gnd Bodenchemie (DE-588)4146134-4 gnd Biogeochemie (DE-588)4125243-3 gnd Feuchtgebiet (DE-588)4016960-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biogeoquímica Química de suelos Suelos hidromórficos Nassboden Bodenchemie Biogeochemie Feuchtgebiet |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/wiley041/2003019773.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip048/2003019773.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010557081&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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