Quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage: a laboratory manual
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Dordrecht
Kluwer Academic Publishers
2003
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-96) |
| Beschreibung: | x, 102 p. ill. |
| ISBN: | 1402016328 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage |b a laboratory manual |c by Harinder P.S. Makkar |
| 264 | 1 | |a Dordrecht |b Kluwer Academic Publishers |c 2003 | |
| 300 | |a x, 102 p. |b ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-96) | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Tannins - Effets physiologiques - Manuels de laboratoire | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Tannins - Essais - Manuels de laboratoire | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Animal nutrition |v Laboratory manuals | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biological assay |v Laboratory manuals | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Forage plants |x Utilization |v Laboratory manuals | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Tannins |x Physiological effect |v Laboratory manuals | |
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Chemische Analyse |0 (DE-588)4009840-0 |D s |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804130270031380480 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Quantification of Tannins in
Tree and Shrub Foliage
A Laboratory Manual
by
Harinder P S Makkar
Animal Production amp; Health Section,
Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture,
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON
CONTENTS
Foreword i
Acknowledgements iii
Editorial Note v
1 CHEMICAL, PROTEIN PRECIPITATION AND B1OASSAYS FOR
TANNINS, TANNIN LEVELS AND ACTIVITY IN UNCONVENTIONAL
FEEDS, AND EFECTS AND FATE OF TANNINS 1
1 1 Introduction 2
1 2 Tannin assays 4
121 Chemical methods 4
1211 Total phenols 4
1212 Tannins 5
1213 Condensed tannins 5
1214 Hydrolysable tannins 7
122 Gravimetric methods 9
123 Protein precipitation methods 10
124A tannin bioassay 11
125M C-labelled polyethylene glycol binding assay 12
126 Near infrared based method 13
127 Which standard should be used for chemical and protein
precipitation assays? 13
128 Screening of condensed and hydrolysable tannins and
characterization of phenolic by thin layer chromatography 16
1 3 Level and activity of different types of tannins in feedstuff s 17
131 Leaves from trees and browses 17
132 Fallen oak leaves 20
133 Weeds 21
134 Legume straws and foliage 21
135 Faba beans 21
136 Agro-industrial and forestry by-products 24
1 4 Effects and fate of tannins in ruminants 25
141 Digestion kinetics 25
142 Antinutrient-antinutrient interactions 26
143 Biological significance of bound condensed tannins 27
144 Efficiency of microbial protein synthesis 27
145 Fate of tannins 29
146 Adaptation to tannins 31
147 Post-absorptive effects 32
1 5 References 34
Vl l
2 TREATMENT OF PLANT MATERIAL, EXTRACTION OF TANNINS,
AND AN OVERVIEW OF TANNIN ASSAYS PRESENTED IN THE
MANUAL 43
2 1 Introduction 43
2 2 Preparation of plant extract 43
221 Collection, drying and storage of plant material 43
222 Grinding of sample 44
223 Extraction of tannins 44
224 Suggested procedures 45
2 3 Tannin assays 46
231 Chemical methods 46
232 Protein precipitation/binding methods 47
233 Tannin bioassay 48
3 MEASUREMENT OF TOTAL PHENOLICS AND TANNINS USING
FOLIN-CIOCALTEU METHOD 49
3 1 Reagents 49
3 2 Preparation of calibration curve 50
3 3 Analysis of total phenols 50
3 4 Removal of tannin from the tannin-containing extract 50
4 DETERMINATION OF CONDENSED TANNINS
(PROANTHOCYANIDINS) 53
4 1 Reagents 53
4 2 Analysis 53
5 GALLOTANNIN DETERMINATION BY RHODANINE ASSAY 55
5 1 Reagents 55
5 2 Determination of free gallic acid 55
5 3 Determination of gallic acid present in free and in gallotannin forms 55
5 4 Calibration curve 56
6 GALLOTANNIN DETERMINATION USING HPLC 57
6 1 Preparation of sample for determination of free gallic acid 57
6 2 Preparation of sample for determination of gallic acid present in
free and in gallotannin forms 57
7 DETERMINATION OF HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS
(GALLOTANNINS AND ELLAGITANNINS) AFTER REACTION
WITH POTASSIUM 1ODATE 59
7 1 Reagents 59
7 2 Procedure 59
721 Methanolysis and pH adjustment 59
722 Standard and controls 60
723 Reaction with potassium iodate 60
viii
t
8 DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN-PRECIPITABLE PHENOLICS 63
8 1 Reagents 63
8 2 Formation of the tannin-protein complex 63
8 3 Determination of tannins (phenolics) in tannin-protein complex 64
8 4 Protein precipitable phenolics as percentage of total phenolics 65
841 Determination of total phenolics in the original extract 65
8 5 Determination of proteins in tannin-protein complex using
image analysis 66
851 Sample preparation 66
852 Modified dot blot assay (amido black) 66
853 Calibration 67
854 Procedure 67
855 Membrane Holder 68
856 Application pattern 69
857 Stained membrane with regions defined for evaluation 69
9 PROTEIN-BINDING CAPACITY BY FILTER PAPER ASSAY 71
9 1 Reagents 71
9 2 Preparation of plant extract 71
9 3 Assay procedure 71
10 RADIAL DIFFUSION ASSAY 73
10 1 Chemicals 73
10 2 Reagents 73
10 3 Preparation of plates 73
10 4 Assay procedure 73
11 TANNIN BIOASSAY : 75
11 1 Sample preparation 75
11 2 Reagents 75
11 3 Weighing of samples and preparation of syringes 75
11 4 Preparation of in vitro rumen fermentation buffer solution 76
11 5 Measurement of microbial protein in the residue (apparent
undigested residue) left after fermentation 77
11 5 1 Preparation of apparent undigested residue 77
11 5 2 Preparation of lyophilized rumen microbial fraction 78
11 5 3 Determination of purines
(marker for microbial mass/protein) 78
12 RADIOLABELLED BSA PRECIPITATION METHOD 83
12 1 Reagents 83
12 2 Supplies 84
12 3 Procedure for BSA precipitation (amount of BSA precipitated
by tannic acid or plant extracts) 85
12 4 Calculations 85
ix
13 SIMPLIFIED RADIOLABELLED BSA PRECIPITATION METHOD 87
13 1 Reagents 87
13 2 Procedure for protein binding 87
13 2 1 Immobilization of tannins from the plant extract 87
13 2 2 Protein binding on immobilized tannins 87
14 CHARACTERIZATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS BY
THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY (TLC) 89
14 1 Characterization of condensed tannins 89
14 1 1 Samples 89
14 1 2 Reagents 89
14 1 3 Material for TLC 89
14 1 4 Extraction 90
14 1 5 Procedure 90
14 2 Survey of condensed and hydrolysable tannins by TLC 91
14 2 1 Solvents 91
14 2 2 Spray reagents to detect different classes of tannins 91
14 3 TLC procedure 93
15 REFERENCES 95
16 A SUMMARY OF RESULTS FROM THE FIRST PHASE OF THE CO-
ORDINATED RESEARCH PROJECT 97
16 1 The tannin assays and standards used in the first phase 97
16 2 Conclusions 98
16 3 Recommendations 99
16 4 Objectives and studies for the on-going second phase 99
17 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE CO-ORDINATED RESEARCH
PROJECT 101
|
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:18:21Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1402016328 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2003055670 |
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| physical | x, 102 p. ill. |
| publishDate | 2003 |
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| spelling | Makkar, Harinder P. S. Verfasser (DE-588)1012924254 aut Quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage a laboratory manual by Harinder P.S. Makkar Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers 2003 x, 102 p. ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-96) Tannins - Effets physiologiques - Manuels de laboratoire Tannins - Essais - Manuels de laboratoire Animal nutrition Laboratory manuals Biological assay Laboratory manuals Forage plants Utilization Laboratory manuals Tannins Physiological effect Laboratory manuals Tannine (DE-588)4184419-1 gnd rswk-swf Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 gnd rswk-swf Tannine (DE-588)4184419-1 s Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010522684&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Makkar, Harinder P. S. Quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage a laboratory manual Tannins - Effets physiologiques - Manuels de laboratoire Tannins - Essais - Manuels de laboratoire Animal nutrition Laboratory manuals Biological assay Laboratory manuals Forage plants Utilization Laboratory manuals Tannins Physiological effect Laboratory manuals Tannine (DE-588)4184419-1 gnd Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4184419-1 (DE-588)4009840-0 |
| title | Quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage a laboratory manual |
| title_auth | Quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage a laboratory manual |
| title_exact_search | Quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage a laboratory manual |
| title_full | Quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage a laboratory manual by Harinder P.S. Makkar |
| title_fullStr | Quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage a laboratory manual by Harinder P.S. Makkar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage a laboratory manual by Harinder P.S. Makkar |
| title_short | Quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage |
| title_sort | quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage a laboratory manual |
| title_sub | a laboratory manual |
| topic | Tannins - Effets physiologiques - Manuels de laboratoire Tannins - Essais - Manuels de laboratoire Animal nutrition Laboratory manuals Biological assay Laboratory manuals Forage plants Utilization Laboratory manuals Tannins Physiological effect Laboratory manuals Tannine (DE-588)4184419-1 gnd Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Tannins - Effets physiologiques - Manuels de laboratoire Tannins - Essais - Manuels de laboratoire Animal nutrition Laboratory manuals Biological assay Laboratory manuals Forage plants Utilization Laboratory manuals Tannins Physiological effect Laboratory manuals Tannine Chemische Analyse |
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