The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples: a reference sourcebook
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Santa Barbara, Calif.
ABC-CLIO
2004
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| Schriftenreihe: | ABC-CLIO's ethnicity within nations series
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents Register // Gemischte Register Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (p. 389-397) and index |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 426 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 1576072940 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Klemenčič, Matjaž |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples |b a reference sourcebook |c Matjaž Klemenčič and Mitja Žagar |
| 264 | 1 | |a Santa Barbara, Calif. |b ABC-CLIO |c 2004 | |
| 300 | |a XXI, 426 S. |b Ill., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a ABC-CLIO's ethnicity within nations series | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (p. 389-397) and index | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 500-2000 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Adult education | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Literacy |x Study and teaching | |
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| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Ethnische Gruppe |0 (DE-588)4153095-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Geschichte 500-2000 |A z |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Žagar, Mitja |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804130253794181120 |
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| adam_text | Index
Note: italic page numbers indicate pictures; t indicates table.
Aarens, Gerth, 338 Abdic, Fikret, 315, 371, 375 Academia Operosorum, 31 Academy of Arts and Sciences, 142,
149
Academy of Music (Bosnia and Herzegovina), 262 Acimovic, Milan, 173 Adamic, Emil, 68 Adamic, Louis, 163, 164 Adzic, Blagoje, 375 Agrarian Party, 114-115 Agreements of Osimo, 217, 269 Ahtisaari, Marti, 342, 374 Albanians, 4
birth rate, 252, 327, 328 Great Albania, 249-250, 360, 362, 363-364
history (postwar), 248-254 and Kosovo, 239, 240, 242-244, 249, 269, 336-339, 368 in Kosovo, 135-136, 327-328, 370, 372
in Macedonia, 140, 248, 249 and Macedonian independence, 357, 360, 361
in Montenegro, 249 language, 250, 251-252 rebellion in Macedonia, 362-364, 374
and Serbs, 238, 239, 243-244, 249-252, 253-254, 269, 270, 374 Aleksandar, King. See Karadjordjevic, Aleksandar
Aleksandar, Regent. See Karadjordjevic, Aleksandar
Aleksandrov, Todor, 139 Alliance of Reform Forces, 357 Andonov, Metodi. See Cento Andric, Ivo, 149-150,257, 263 Anjou, Louis I, King, 16 Anthologies, 34
Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ZAVNOBIH), 234 Anti-Fascist Council of National
Liberation of Croatia (ZAVNOH), 170-171,186
Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Macedonia (ASNOM), 178, 186, 187,246,247 Anti-Fascist Council of National
Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ), 161-162, 165, 179,186,267 Ants, 2
Aralica, Ivan, 261 Arcticae horulae, 31 Askerc, Anton, 68
ASNOM. See Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Macedonia (ASNOM)
Assembly of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 212
399
400 Index
Association Slovenia, 49 Augustincic, Antun, 261 Austria and Slovene minority, 221-224 Austria-Hungary, 20, 77
and assassination of Francis Ferdinand, 60, 63, 83 and Bosnia, 54 and Serbia, 58-60 and World War I, 83, 91-92, 94 Austrian Empire
conflicts with Turks (17th century), 28
conquest of Balkans, 10 defeat of Turks, 9, 40 Austrian War for Succession, 14 Avars, 2, 11-12, 15 AVNOJ. See Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ)
Azbe, Anton, 69
Babic, Milan, 303-304, 369, 375-376 Badev, At anas, 74
Badinter Commission, 333, 351—352, 359
Bajuk, Andrej, 294, 376 Bakalli, Mahmut, 253, 272 Bakaric, Vladimir, 171, 187, 200, 205, 228-229
Baker, James, 292, 294,368 Balantic, France, 181 Balaton Lake, 4 Balists, 159, 187 Balkan Alliance, 59, 78 Balkan Federation idea, 52 Balkan Wars (1912-1913), 56,60, 65, 78, 135 Balkans, 2
Balokovic, Zlatko, 164 Balsa III, 25 Baltic, Djuradj II, 25 Balsic family, 23, 25 Banjevic, Mirko, 182-183 Banovinas, 116-117, 111 (map)
Barle, Adolf Augustus, Jr., 164 Baroque culture, 30, 31, 32
Basil II, Emperor of Byzantium, 24, 27, 39
Batic, Stojan, 260 Batric, Duke, 61 Battle of Kajmakcalan, 84, 95 Battle of Kosovo polje, 23, 39, 83 600th anniversary, 243-244, 254, 271-272,329 Battle of Mohacs, 17, 39 Beethoven, Ludwig van, 68 Belas i, 137-138 Belgrade
as capital of federation, 238 as capital of Kingdom of Yugoslavia, 117
Novi Beograd, 264 Belgrade Agreement, 353, 375 Belgrade Opera, 264 Belgrade, University of, 255 Bernard, Emerik, 259 Bidault, Georges, 198-199 Biedermeier styles, 70, 73 Bijedic, Dzemal, 272-273 Bitola, University of, 360 Blatnik, John, 202 Blue Guard, 167,187-188 Boban, Mate, 314 Bobetko, Janko, 308 Bodin, Prince, 21 Bogoevski, Mite, 183 Bogomils, 18-19, 27, 34 Bohoric, Adam, 14, 31 Bonaparte, Napoleon I, 44-45, 75, 76 coalition wars, 47 effect of fall on Europe, 66 Borut, Prince, 12 Bosnia, 7
architecture, 34
Austro-Hungarian occupation, 54
feudalism, 20, 21-22
history 900-1900, 18-20
and Hungary, 18
literature, 34
mosques, 34
Muslim newspapers, 71
nationalism, 53-56
Index 401
and Ottoman Empire, 53, 55-56 Serbian desire to merge with, 84-85 Turk conquest, 19-20 under Turks, 9
war with Austria-Hungary, 20 Bosnia and Herzegovina, xv (map) after Dayton Agreement, 320-323 and dissolution of Yugoslavia, 312-314
division into ethnic enclaves, 315, 316-317,318-319, 320 ethnic complexity, 310-312 ethnic structure after war, 318-320 first multiparty elections, 367 inclusion in Independent State of Croatia, 171-172 independence, 287, 292-293, 369, 370
independence movement, 292, 313, 368-369
and Muslim culture, 261-262. See also Bosniaks as people’s republic, 234 possibility of division by Serbia and Croatia, 312
postwar ethnic tolerance, 234, 235 Vidovdan Constitution on, 133 war and ethnic cleansing, 314-318, 370,371-372
war refugees, 317, 319-320 317 Yugoslav Muslim Organization on autonomy, 134 See also Herzegovina Bosniaks, 20
cultural history (Middle Ages), 34 cultural history (19th century to World War I), 71 cultural history (World War I), 93-94
cultural history (between World Wars), 143-144
cultural history (World War II), 182 cultural history (1945-1990), 261-263
as ethnic nation, 45, 53-56 and German allegiance, 171-173
history (between World Wars),
132-134
history (World War II), 171-173 history (postwar), 234-237 inclusion in Croat nationalism, 172 and Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, 94, 107t.
See also Sandzak Bozovic, Radovan, 337, 370 Brankovic, Vuk, 23 Bregovic, Goran, 273 Brezovacki, Tito, 33 Bridge on the Drina, 257 Brioni Declaration, 297,298, 368 Brioni Plenum, 269 Briz inski spomeniki, 31 Broz-Tito, Josip, 162, 174, 185, 186, 273 on Albanian autonomy, 250 bedroom bugged by Rankovic, 238 and Croat nationalism, 231 and Croatia, 170, 171 death of, 269
at eighth party congress, 195 elected Marshal, 161 and ethnic conflict, 210, 266-267 as informal cohesive element within government, 213, 266-267 and National Liberation Movement, 156, 160, 161 on nationalists, 232 as president for life, 208 as primary leader of FPRY, 197, 203 monument in Kumrovec, 261 and Slovene resistance movement, 167
and Stalin, 199-202 Building-lyrics, 263 Bulatovic, Miodrag, 265 Bulatovic, Momir, 330, 346, 349, 350, 352,373,376 Bulgaria, 15-16, 27
and Macedonia, 84-85, 139, 140,
177
and World War I, 83-84, 95 Bulgarian Exarchy, 64, 77 Buncic, Zarko, 164
402 Index
Byzantine Code, 21-22 Byzantine Empire, 1, 2, 4, 8, 27, 39
Cankar, Ivan, 68, 95-96 Carantania, 12-13, 38 Carinthia, 11-12,164
to Austria in plebiscite of 1920, 103, 126-127, 147 peasant rebellion, 39 See also Carantania, Slovenes, Slovenia Carniola, 12
Carpathian Mountains, 2 Carrington, Peter, 306, 334, 349 Caslav, Prince, 20 Cathedral of St. Tripun, 36 Catholic Action, 129 Catholicism, 8
and communist era, 198 and May Declaration (1917), 86-87 split between Orthodox and Roman churches (Schism of 1054), 6, 29, 39
as symbol of Croat nationalism, 228, 233
See also Orthodox Church Celebonovic, Marko, 264 Cento, 246-247 Centralism
Federal Peoples Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY), 205 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, 102-103, 113, 116, 121 Kingdom of Yugoslavia, 116, 121 League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY), 207-208 Serbs, 289-290, 292 Cermak, Ivan, 308 Cernomerdin, Viktor, 342, 374 Cetinje, Montenegro, 62 Chamber of Republics and Provinces, 212
Charter of Slovenia, 227 Chetniks
and Bosnia, 172 and Croatia, 170, 184
and Montenegro, 176 and Serbia, 173-175 treatment after World War II, 195-196, 198
and World War II, 158-161, 162, 167,
168, 183, 185, 186, 188 Chicago Declaration (1917), 88, 89 Chiemsee Lake, 4
Christmas uprising, 138 Chronicle ofTravnik, 257 Church of St. Mary Assumption (Studenica monastery), 35 Church of St. Nicholas, 37 Church of St. Sophia, 36-37 Churchill, Winston, 198 Cincar-Markovic, Aleksandar, 153, 185 Cisic, Husein, 234-235, 267 Coalition for Macedonia, 360 Coalition for Sandzak, 255 Colorist Expressionism, 144 Cominform, 201-202, 268, 273-274 Committee for the National Protection of Kosovo, 136
Communist Party of Croatia (KPH),
169, 171
Communist Party of Macedonia (KPM), 178-179, 246 Communist Party of Slovenia (KPS), 128-129, 166
Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ), 102, 112, 118, 148, 188 armed resistance in World War II, 156-157
early nationalization of industries,
196
and ethnic conflicts, 210, 266—267 killing of collaborators after World War II, 195-196 and Macedonia, 177, 178-179 in Montenegro, 138, 139 as new regime after World War II, 194-198
policy on ethnic tensions, 196 and postwar border issues, 198-199 renamed League of Communists of Yugoslavia, 203, 210, 268
Index 403
and Serb, Croat, and Bosniak movements (World War II), 172 and Serbia (World War II), 173 and Soviet Union, 156 split with Soviets, 199-202 and World War II, 153, 185 See also League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY)
Conference in London (1992), 334 Congress of Berlin (1878), 54, 58, 61,
64, 77
Constantine (Cyril), 6, 28-29, 36 Constantinople, 8
Constitution of 1946, 197, 209-210,
267
Constitution of 1963, 206, 210 Constitution of 1974, 207-208, 211-213,269
Amendments of 1988, 216 and Serbian nationalists, 239-240 Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia, 294-295, 366, 367 Constitutional Law of 1953, 210, 268 Constitutions- See Constitution of 1946; Constitution of 1963;
Constitution of 1974;
Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia; Constitutional Law of 1953; Constitution of 1963; Granted Constitution; Kacanik Constitution; Serb Constitution of 1989; Vidovdan Constitution Constructivism, 141, 144 Contact Group, 335, 339-340, 371, 373 Contemporary People’s Assembly, 196, 267
Conventions of Nettuno, 130 Cop, Matija, 67 Corfu Island, 84, 85, 94 Cosic, Dobrica, 238, 241, 250, 333, 334, 337
Cosmopolitanism, 93 Council of Europe, 349 Counter-Reformation, 30, 31 CPM. See Communist Party of Macedonia (KPM)
Cranston, Allan, 164 Crnjanski, Milos, 263 Crnojevic, Arsenius III, 10, 40 Crnojevic, Ivan, 40 Crnojevic, Stanisa. See Skender-beg Crnojevic family, 25 Croat Congress, 294 Croat Democratic Union (HDZ), 233, 237, 271,272,290, 303 Bosnian affiliate, 312 defeat in 2000 elections, 309, 374 Croat Labor Party, 133 Croat Literary Society, 230 Croat Peasant Party (HSS), 115, 130-131, 148, 169,170, 171 Croat Peoples Party, 133 Croat Republican Peasant Party
(HRSS), 102, 112, 113, 114-115, 130-131
Croat Revolutionary Liberation Army,
232
Croat Sabor, 51 Croat Salon Society, 70 Croat Spring, 269 Croatia, xv(map), 7, 15
armed conflict with Serbs in Croatia and JNA, 292 and Bulgaria, 15-16 consequences of War for the Homeland, 306-308 after death of Tudjman, 309-310 destruction of monuments, 365 election of HDZ, 290, 303, 366 ethnic structure before independence, 301-302 and Hungary, 16, 17-18,40 independence, 287, 292-293, 303-305,368
independence movement, 291,292, 368
Independent State of, 131 late 1990s, 308-309 March Revolution of 1848, 70, 71 Nagodba, 77
and red and white chessboard symbol, 290, 303, 366
404 Index
as “republic of silence,” 232 resistance movement (World War II), 170
Serbian desire to merge with, 84-85 War for the Homeland, 305-306 and Yugoslav People s Army (JNA), 291
The Croatian Question and Numbers, 124
Croatian-Slovene rebellion, 13—14
Croats
and agrarian reform, 129 anti-Hungarization movement, 18 and Bosnia, 231
in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 310-312, 315-316, 318-320, 371, 372 and Catholicism, 228, 233 composers, 70-71 cultural history (12th-16th centuries), 32-33 cultural history (19th century to World War I), 69-71 cultural history (between World Wars), 142-143
cultural history (World War II), 181-182
cultural history (1945-1990),
260-261
dissatisfaction with position in Kingdom, 123-125 division with Hungarians, 6 emigration, 46 as ethnic nation, 45, 51-53 and fascism, 131 history (600-1800), 15-18 history (between World Wars), 129-132
history (World War II), 169-171 history (postwar), 228-233 in Italian territory, 130 nationalism, 228-231 Our Declaration, 88-89 painters and sculptors, 93 relations with Serbs, 131-132,
136-137
scattered among different republics, 228
traditional frontier with Slovenia, 6 from U.S. and unification issue, 85, 87-88
writers, 69-70, 93 Crusades, 8, 27 Crvenkovski, Branko, 376 Crvenkovski, Krste, 274 Cubism, 143 Customs War, 59 Cvetkovic, Dragisa, 121, 149 Cvetkovic - Mac ek Agreement, 121, 123, 131-132,134, 136 Cyrillic alphabet, 28-29, 29-30
Dalmatia, 30
and Croats, 229, 230 culture, 32
Dalmatin, Jurij, 14, 31 Danilo, Prince, 61 Danube River, 2,4, 5,9 Dapcevic-Kucar, Savka, 274 Davidovic, Ljuba, 118, 120, 131 Davis, Elmer, 163-164 Day of the Republic, 251 Dayton Agreement, 299, 309, 311,335, 372
implementation of, 320-321 points, 316-318
The Death of Smail Aga Cengic, 69 Decadence, 67
Declaration of Corfu, 85-86, 95 Declaration of Geneva, 90, 95 Declaration of the Serb Nation, 304,
367
Declaration on Sovereignty and
Autonomy of the Serb Nation, 303-304
Declaration on the Sovereignty of the Republic of Macedonia, 358, 367 Delcev, Goce, 64 Delich-Bentley, Helen, 294 Dema^i, Adem, 251, 269, 339, 341, 376-377
Index 405
Democratic Federative Yugoslavia (DFJ), 184, 187, 209 Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK), 336, 344
Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS), 345
Democratic Opposition of Slovenia (DEMOS), 272, 296-297 Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK), 344 DEMOS. See Democratic Opposition of Slovenia (DEMOS)
Desnica, Vladan, 261 d Esperay, Franchet, 84 Detoni, Dubravko, 261 Devcic, Natko, 261 DFJ. See Democratic Federative Yugoslavia (DFJ)
Diaspora communities and events of 1990s, 293-294 Diogenes i Grabanciasy 33 Divkovic, Matija, 34 Dizdar, Marko, 262 Dizdarevic, Raif, 291 Djilas, Milovan, 189, 200,203-204, 268 Djindjic, Zoran, 347, 348, 349, 352, 377 Djonovic, Janko, 145, 183 Djukanovic, Milo, 350, 351, 352, 353, 373, 377
Djurdjevi stupovi monastery, 35, 36 Djurisic, Pavle, 176 Dobronic, Anton, 143 Dolanc, Stane, 226, 274 Dolomits’ Declaration, 167,186 Dorn in svet, 68 Dominicans, 36 Domobranci, 159 Domobranci massacre, 181 Domobrans, 195-196 DOS. See Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS)
Dragosavac, Dusan, 274 Dragutin, 21
Draskovic, Vuk, 331,332, 377—378 Drava River, 4, 5, 6 Dream Visions, 68
Drnovsek, Janez, 271, 378 Drustvo Slovenija. See Association Slovenia Drz ic, Dzore, 33 Drzic, Marin, 33 Dubrovnik, 17, 18
as cultural treasure, 365 Dubrovnik Republic, 7, 32 dissolution of, 44, 76 Duklja, 7, 20,21,24 Dundo Maroje, 33 Dusan, 19
Dusan Silni (the Mighty), 21-22, 25, 28, 39,41
Dusans Code of Laws, 21-23, 35
Eagleburger, Lawrence, 293 Eastern Question, 44 Eckart, Dennis, 294 The Economic Foundations of the Croatian Question, 124 Ehre der Herzogthums Krain Die, 31 Emanuele, Vittorio, King of Italy, 138 Encyclopedia Yugoslaviay 254-255 Enlightenment, 30 end of, 66, 67 and nation-states, 44 Entente, 83-84,85 and Italy, 86
and Serb dominance of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, 102 Ethnic cleansing 1990s, 293,319-320 protest against, 319 World War II, 154-156, 159, 162, 164-166, 169 Ethnic conflict
and Croats, 228-230 dormant stage (1950s-1970s),
218-219
Federal People s Republic of Yugoslavia (1950s), 204-205 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, 100, 135-136 Kingdom of Yugoslavia, 154
4o6 Index
KPJ policy on, 196 1980s, 214, 215-216 and Tito, 210, 266-267 European Union
and Bosnia and Herzegovina, 313, 314 and Croatia, 306, 310, 369 and FRY, 333 and Macedonia, 359 and Montenegro, 352-353 recognition of independent republics, 293
and Serbia-Montenegro, 347-348 and Slovenia, 300-301, 369 Stabilization Association agreement, 352-353
Existentialism, 142, 259 Expressionism, 93, 141, 142-143, 181, 259
Fabiani, Maks, 68-69 Farm Hands, 68 Farmhand Yerney’s Justice, 68 February Patent, 52 Federal Chamber, 212 Federal Executive Council, 274-275 Federal Peoples Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY)
centralism vs. self-management, 205, 215
economic emigration to West,
219-220
economic growth (1952-1962), 204 equidistance from East and West (nonaligned movement), 203 ethnic migrations of 1950s, 217-218 ethnic tensions (1950s), 204—205 formation of, 197, 267 nationalization of property and industries, 197
See also Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), Yugoslav Federation
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), 245, 323
ethnic minorities, 324—326 formation of, 333
Kosovo, 327—328 Montenegro, 328—329 Serbia, 325-326, 329-332 as “third Yugoslavia,” 333 Vojvodina, 326—327 See also Serbia and Montenegro Fejza, Shkurte, 365 Ferhadija Mosque, 365 First Balkan War, 65, 78 First Serb Uprising, 57, 76 Five-Year Plans, 268 Foerster, Anton, 68 Fotic, Konstantin, 163 Fourth Offensive, 176, 186 FPRY See Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY)
Francis Ferdinand, Archduke, 55, 56, 60, 78, 82-83
Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria-Hungary, 56, 78 Franciscans, 34, 36 Franke, Ivan, 69 Frankish Kingdom, 12 Frankopan, Franjo Krsto, 17 Franks, 15, 38
Free Territory of Trieste, 198-199, 221, 268
Freedom of creativity, 257, 258, 259 French Revolution, 66 Friuli Plain, 4
FRY. See Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY)
Functionalism, 142, 144 Futurism, 141
Gaj, Ljudevit, 51, 69, 78 Gallipoli, 9, 39 Gallus, Jakobus, 31 Ganic, Ejup, 378 Garasanin, Ilija, 44, 57, 76 Gaspari, Maksim, 69 G-8 Group, 342, 374 Generalic, Ivan, 143 George VII, Pope, 16, 25 Georgijevski, Ljubco, 360, 364 Gerbic, Franc, 68
Index 407
German Empire, 6 Germans, 165, 166,218 Glagolic alphabet, 16, 28-29,29-30 Glasbena Matica, 68 Gligorov, Kiro, 357-358, 359, 360-361, 367, 368, 372, 378 Globokar, Vinko, 260 Gorki, Maxim, 74 Gorski vijenac, 61, 73 Gospodin Franjo, 93 Gotovac, Jakov, 143 Gotovac, Vlado, 232-233 Gotovina, Ante, 308 Government-in-exile (World War II), 158, 168,174
Gradascevic, Husein kapetan-, 54, 76 Grammatik der slavischen Sprache in Krain, Kärnten, und Steiermark, 31 Granted Constitution, 117-118, 148 Great Albania, 249-250, 360, 362, 363-364
Great Migrations, 10, 40, 249 Greater Bulgaria, 248 Greater Croatia, 52-53, 66 Greater Serbia, 53, 56, 66, 84-85, 94, 323,335
and Milosevic, 290-291, 293, 302, 303, 330-332 and U.S. Slavs, 163, 293 and Vojvodina, 327 See also Chetniks; Great Serbia; Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes Greece, 359, 372 Greeks, 4
colonization of Balkan Peninsula, 5 Gregorcic, Simon, 67-68 Gregoric, Ilija, 13, 39 Grohar, Ivan, 69 Gubec, Matija, 13, 39 Gundulic, Ivan, 33
Habsburg Monarchy, 9, 13-14, 16, 39,
77
and Croat nationalism, 51-52 and frontier zones, 10
Military Frontier Region, 17, 39 and Slavic nationalism, 44-45 and Slovene nationalism, 50 South Slav territory, 48 (map) and World War I, 91 Hadzic, Goran, 379 Haekkerup, Hans, 344 Hague Tribunal
and Bosnia and Herzegovina war, 321
and Croatian war, 308, 310 and Kosovo war, 343 and Milosevic, 334, 346-347, 375 and Serbia-Montenegro, 348 HDZ. See Croat Democratic Union (HDZ)
Hebrang, Andrija, 171, 189 Hegedusic, Krsto, 143 Hektorovic, Predator, 33 Herzegovina
and Ottoman Empire, 53, 55-56 Serbian desire to merge with, 84-85 See also Bosnia and Herzegovina Historicism, 68, 71 Hitler, Adolf, 122, 153, 165, 168 and Bosniaks, 171-172 Hodza, Fadil, 242,275 Holbrooke, Richard, 316, 334, 340, 341-342,373 Home Guard, 168, 189 Homeini, Ayatollah, 236 Hoxa, Enver, 253 Hribovsek, Ivan, 181 HRSS. See Croat Republican Peasant Party (HRSS)
HSS. See Croat Peasant Party (HSS) Humo Hamza, 143 Hungarian Kingdom, 6 Hungarians, 5-6, 12, 16, 17, 38, 39, 166 Hungary
bans, 17, 18, 19 and Slovene minority, 224 Huskin’s Army, 173
IFOR. See Implementation Forces (IFOR)
408 Index
Ilinden Uprising, 64-65, 77 Illyrian movement, 44, 50, 69, 76 founding, 51
Illyrian Provinces, 44, 47, 76 Imeri, Imer, 379
Implementation Forces (IFOR), 320 Impressionism, 67, 69, 73 Independent State of Croatia (NDH), 154, 156-157, 169, 182, 183, 185 inclusion of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 171-172
Inner Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (VMRO), 64, 77, 118-119, 140-141 Inner Macedonian Revolutionary
Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE), 357, 360-361 International Monetary Fund, 350 Ipavec, Anton, 68 Ipavec, Benjamin, 68 Iron Curtain, 198 Islam
in Balkan states, 10 and Bosnia, 20
destruction of mosques during wars of 1990s, 365 Turkish spread of, 53-54 See also Muslims Islamic Declaration, 236 Islamic Revolution (Iran), 236 Isonzo/Soca, Front of, 91 Istria, 4, 5, 230 Italy
acquisition of Slavic territories, 103 border with Yugoslavia, 217, 221 and Committee for the National Protection of Kosovo, 136 and Croatia (World War II), 170 and Entente, 86
and Macedonia (World War II), 177 and Montenegro (World War II),
176
peace treaty with Yugoslavia, 268 and Serbs (World War II), 185 and Slavic territories, 86, 89, 90, 126
and Slovene minority, 221-224 and Slovenia (World War II), 166, 167
and VMRO, 141
and World War II, 153, 154, 159, 161-162, 186
and zelenasi-belasi conflict (Montenegro), 138 Ivanovic, Cvjetko, 265—266 Izetbegovic, Alija, 236, 237, 270, 358, 368, 379
and Dayton Agreement, 318 as president of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, 312-313, 314, 315, 321
Izjavasi, 89
Jakac, Bozidar, 181 Jakopic, Rihard, 69 Jama, Matija, 69 Jama (The Cave), 181—182 Janickovic, Tom, 198 Jansa, Janez, 379-380 January Sixth Dictatorship, 116—119, 148
Jasari, Ka^usa, 242, 254, 271 Jazz, 260
JDS. See Yugoslav Democratic Party (IDS)
Jelacic, Josip, 51-52, 76 Jelavic, Ante, 323, 380 Jelena, daughter of King Nikola, 138 Jenko, Simon, 67 Jevric, Olga, 264 Jevtic, Boguljub, 119, 120, 149 IMO. See Yugoslav Muslim Organization (JMO)
JNA. See Yugoslav People s Army (JNA) JNP. See Yugoslav National Party (JNP) Joseph II, Emperor of Austria, 14, 18 Jovanovic, Arsa, 167 Jovanovic, Dragoljub, 114-115, 198 Jovanovic, Slobodan, 136 Jovic Borisav, 292
JRZ. See Yugoslav Radical Union (JRZ) Judita, 33
Index 409
JUL. See Yugoslav Left (JUL)
Jurcic, Josip, 68
Kacanik Constitution, 330, 337-338, 367
Kadijevic, Veljko, 331, 380 Kalafatovic, Danilo, 153, 185 Karadjordje. See Petrovic, Djordje Karadjordjevic, Aleksandar (King), 90, 94,95, 100, 149-150 assassination of, 119, 131,149 and January Sixth Dictatorship, 116-117,128, 148 as King, 114, 114, 115-116 Karadjordjevic, Aleksandar (Prince), 334
Karadjordjevic, Pavle (regent), 119, 120, 149
Karadjordjevic, Petar (son of Aleksandar), 119
Karadjordjevic, Petar I, 58, 59, 100 in exile, 153-154, 158, 161 Karadjordjevic dynasty, 57, 62-63, 77, 137
abolition of, 197
and Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, 100, 102 movement for return, 334 and Yugoslavian unification, 85, 88, 94
Karadzic, Radovan, 237, 314, 321-322, 335,372,373,380 Karadzic, Vuk Stefanovic, 72, 78 Karas, Vjekoslav, 70
Kardelj, Edvard, 167, 189, 200, 203, 204 Law on People s Committees, 202-203, 268
as opponent of liberalism, 207 as proponent of self-management, 205
Karl, Emperor of Austria-Hungary, 87, 103
Karpos, 28,40 Karpos rebellion, 140 Kastelan, Jure, 260 Katekizem, 31
Kavcic, Stane, 225-226, 275 KDK. See Peasant Democratic Coalition (KDK)
Kelemen, Milko, 261 Kennan, George, 202 Kersnik, Janko, 68 Kette, Dragotin, 68 Khun, Bela, 102-103, 127 Kidric, Boris, 275
King Aleksandar, University of, 142,
147
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and
Slovenes, 82, 90, 94, 104 (map),
111 (map), 147
acquisition of Hungarian territory, 102-103
banovinas, 111, 116-117 borders, 103,104 centralism, 102-103, 113, 116, 121 Constituent Assembly, 99-100, 112, 147, 148
Constitution, 103,112-113 economic problems, 100-101 ethnic structure, 103—110, 105t. ethnic unity and tensions, 100 languages, alphabets, and religions, 100, 101L,105-108, 110L, 113 minorities, 108-109, 112-113 1923 and 1925 elections, 113-114 political parties, 101-102 population according to mother tongue, 1910-1931, IlOt. populations of basic groups of Serb community, 107t populations of groups of Bosnian Muslim community, 107t.
Serb dominance, 100, 102, 109 unitarism, 102-103, 112-113 unresolved national questions, 146-147
See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia; National Council of the Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs; State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, University of, 142
410 Index
Kingdom of Yugoslavia centralism, 116, 121 Constitution, 103, 117—118 coup d’etat, 123 Croat Banovina, 121—122 elimination of ethnic/linguistic pluralism, 117 end of, 153
failure to solve ethnic differences, 154 and fascist regimes, 120, 121,
122-123, 122 formation of, 116, 148 January Sixth Dictatorship, 116—119 railroads, 125
under Prince Pavle, 119—121 and Serb dominance, 123—124 Serb dominance of Army, 124 and Tripartite Pact, 122—123, 122, 153 unitarism, 116, 117, 121 and World War II, 122-123, 153, 184-185
King’s Army in the Homeland, 158, 159 Kiril i Metodij, University of, 247, 266 Kis, Danilo, 275 Klein, Jacques, 309
Kninska Krajina, 303—304, 308, 366, 367 Kobilica, Ivana, 69 Kocbek, Edvard, 181 Kocelj, Prince, 12, 38 Kolisevski, Lazar, 178, 246, 275—276 Koloman, King, 16, 39 Kopitar, Jernej, 15, 31, 72, 79 Kóprülü (Cuprilic), Numan-pasa, 26 Korosec, Anton, 79, 87, 90, 95, 102, 119, 148
arrest, 118
as prime minister, 115—116, 128 Kosovel, Srecko, 141, 150 Kosovo, xv (map)
Albanians in, 327—328, 370, 372 as autonomous province, 250 declarations of independence (1991), 336, 337, 368
demonstrations for autonomy, 239, 240, 269
division into five sectors, 343 ethnic unrest in Kingdom, 135—136 ethnic unrest (1980s), 214, 269, 271 movement for own republic, 251, 252-253
proclamation of independence (1990), 330
resistance to Serbia, 335—339 war, 339-344, 373, 374 war refugees, 342 Kosovo-Metohian Authority, 250 Kostic, Branko, 245 Kostunica, Vo jislav, 345—347, 346, 348, 352,374, 380-381 Kosutnjak film city, 265 Kotromanic, Stefan I, 19 Kotromanic, Tvrtko I, King of Bosnia, 19,25,42
Kovacevic, Sava, 182—183 Kovacic, Ivan Goran, 181—182 Kozak, Primoz, 259 KPH. See Communist Party of Croatia (KPH)
KPJ. See Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ)
KPS. See Communist Party of Slovenia (KPS)
Kraigher, Boris, 238, 276 Kraigher, Sergej, 276 Krajinas, 9—10
Krajisnik, Momcilo, 312, 314, 320 as member of Bosnia and
Herzegovina presidency, 321 Kranjska cbelica, 67 Krek, Gojimir Gregor, 68 Krek, Janez Evangelist, 96 Krek, Miha, 168, 198 Krek, Uros, 260 Krelj, Sebastjan, 31 Kresimir IV, King, 16 Kristan, Etbin, 164 Krleza, Miroslav, 142, 150, 255 Kronika, 33 Krst pri Savici, 67 Krvavac, Hajrudin, 263
Index 411
Kucan, Milan, 215,227, 270, 381 as president of Slovenia, 290, 297 Kulenovic, Skender, 182, 262 Kulin, 18, 19 Kulturbund, 156 Kusturica, Emir, 263, 276
Laghkner, Daniel, 31 Lajovic, Anton, 68 Lalic, Mihailo, 265 Langobards, 4
Latas, Omer-pasha, 54, 76-77 Law of Associated Labor, 208, 269 Law on Agrarian Reform, 196, 267 Law on Citizenship (Slovenia), 299 Law on People’s Committees, 202-203, 268
Lazar, Prince, 19, 35 Lazarevic, Stefan, 23, 25 LCY. See League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY)
LDK. See Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK)
League of Communists-Movement for Yugoslavia, 291, 331 League of Communists-Party of Democratic Change, 357 League of Communists of Croatia, 230, 231-232
League of Communists of Serbia, 239 name change to Socialist Party of Serbia, 329
League of Communists of Slovenia,
226, 227
League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY), 276-277 disintegration of, 228 dissolution of, 289, 366 and ethnic conflicts, 266-267 and freedom of creation, 257 as informal cohesive element within government, 213 and liberals, 207
as new name for Communist Party of Yugoslavia, 203, 210, 268
presidency, 281 return to centralism, 207-208 See also Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ)
Legion of Freedom, 163 Leon, Archbishop, 37 Leotard, Francois, 364 Levstik, Fran, 67, 68 Liberal Party (LS), 126, 128 Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation (OF), 160, 166, 185,224 Lilic, Zoran, 334
Linden Tree Became Greener, 180 Linhart, Anton Tomaz, 15, 31 Lisinski, Vatroslav, 76 Ljajic, Rasim, 355 Ljotic, Dimitrije, 159,173, 190 Ljubicic, Nikola, 277-278 Ljubisa, Stjepan Mitro, 73 Ljubljana, University of, 255 Ljubljanski zvon, 68 Loja, Hadzi, 54, 77 London Agreement, 86 London Memorandum of
Understanding, 217, 221, 268 London Pact, 103 Louis I, King of Hungary, 17, 19 LS. See Liberal Party (LS)
Lubarda, Dragan, 144 Lubarda, Petar, 265 Lucic, Hanibal, 33 Ludwig, King, 12 Lukovic-Kum, Mile, 348 Lukovic-Legija, Milorad, 348-349
Macedonia, xv (map), 16
Albanian revolution, 362-364 attempted influence of Serbs, Greeks, and Bulgarians, 64 and Bogomils, 18, 27 under Bulgarian rule, 27, 38 under Byzantines, 27, 38, 39 changes in ethnic makeup, 355-356 coming of Christianity, 27 deaths in World War I, 91
412 Index
Declaration on the Sovereignty of the Republic of Macedonia, 358 and dissolution of Yugoslavia, 356-358
division after Second Balkan War, 65 end of Turkish rule, 65 ethnically mixed bourgeoisie, 63 first multiparty elections, 367 independence, 287, 292-293, 358-362,369
independence movement, 292, 368 nationalist movement, 64, 198 nation-building, 245-247 as part of Serbia, 27-28, 37 resistance movement (World War II), 177-178
and Serbian plans for South Slav state, 84-85
“three Macedonias,” 357 Turkish conquest, 28 under Turks, 9 writers, 74
Macedonian National Museum, 363 Macedonian National Theater, 247,266 Macedonian Opera, 247, 266 Macedonian Patriotic Organization,
294
Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, 248 Macedonians
cultural history (Middle Ages), 36-37 cultural history (19th century to World War I), 74-75 cultural history (World War I), 94 cultural history (between World Wars), 145-146
cultural history (World War II), 183 emigrations to Greece, Bulgaria, and Kingdom, 139-140 as ethnic nation, 45, 63—65 history (7th-17th centuries), 26-28 history (between World Wars),
139-141
history (World War II), 177-179 history (postwar), 245-248
and Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, 94
new language and orthography, 247-248, 266
rebellions against Kingdom, 140 states of residence, 139 Macek, Vladko, 118,119-120, 121 and World War II, 157, 163, 169, 171 Mahmud II, 54 Maister, Rudolph, 126, 147 Makavejev, Dus an, 278 Mamula, Branko, 278 Marca Vinedorum, 11 March Revolution of 1848. See Spring of Nations (1848)
Maria Theresa, Empress, 14, 40 Marko, King of Serbia, 28, 35 Markovic, Ante, 215, 271, 278, 357, 369 attempted reforms (1990s), 289 Markovic, Mirjana, 291, 331, 338-339 [Mira, p. 331]
Markovic, Svetozar (Serbian prime minister), 349, 350 Markovic, Svetozar (writer), 72 Markovski, Venko, 146 Martic, Milan, 381 Marulic, Marko, 33 Matavulj, Simo, 73 Maticek se zeniy 31 May Declaration (1917), 86-87 May Declaration (1989), 227, 271 Mazuranic, Ivan, 69 McMahon, Franklin, painting, 33 Mehmed II, 20, 39,41 Memorandum of the Serb Academy of Arts and Sciences, 241, 253, 270, 330
Menart, Janez, 259
Mencetic, Sisko, 33
Mesic, Stipe, 291,309, 374, 381
Mestrovic, Ivan, 70, 70, 143, 278-279
Methodius, 6, 27, 28, 36
Metternich, 47
Micic, Natasa, 347, 348
Mihailo, King, 25
Index 413
Mihailo, Prince, 21
Mihailovic, Dragoljub-Draza, 158, 159, 160, 174, 175,185, 190 capture and death sentence, 197-198, 267
Mihajlov, Ivan, 248 Mihajlovic, Dus an, 349 Mikulic, Branko, 215, 236,270, 271, 279 Milicevic, Kosta, 93 Milijus, Branko, 264 Miljkovic, Huska, 173 Milosevic, Slobodan, 215, 233, 237, 243, 270, 287,372, 382 in absolute power in Serbia, 242 ascendancy to leadership of Serb communists, 241, 270 consolidation of power, 329 on Croat Serbs, 305 and Dayton Agreement, 318, 320 defeat in 2000 election, 344-346, 345,
374
diaspora support, 293 elected president of Serb republic, 271,329, 335,367 and FRY, 333-335, 349, 373 and Great Serbia, 290-291, 293, 302, 303, 330-332
and Hague Tribunal, 334, 346-347,
375
and Kosovo, 253-254, 338, 339-342 meeting with Tudjman, 304, 312, 368 and Memorandum of the Serb Academy, 241, 253 and Montenegro, 244-245, 349-351 and “New Yugoslavia,” 305, 329, 330-331
as president of FRY, 339 and Sandzak, 354
as spokesman for Serb nationalism, 241-242
ties to organized crime, 349 and Yugoslav People’s Army, 242 See also Markovic, Mirjana Milovanovic, Milan, 93 Milunovic, Milo, 265
Milutinovic, 347 Mirkovic, Bora, 123 Misal kneza Novaka, 33 Misal vojvoda Hrvoja, 33 Misirkov, Krste Popov, 74, 77 Mladic, Ratko, 382 Mladina, 270
Modernism, 93, 142-143, 144,259, 262, 265
Mokranjac Stevo, 146 Molotov, Vjaceslav Mihajlovic, 200 Montenegrin Federalist Party, 138 Montenegrin Front for National Freedom, 139 Montenegrins
cult of father and home-farm, 265 cultural history (Middle Ages), 36 cultural history (19th century to World War I), 73-74 cultural history (World War I), 93 cultural history (between World Wars), 145
cultural history (World War II), 182-183
cultural history (1945-1990), 265-266
as ethnic nation, 45, 60-63 history (14th-18th centuries), 24-26 history (between World Wars), 137-139
history (World War II), 175-177 history (postwar), 244-245 history (1990s), 349-353 literature, 145 poets and writers, 73 and Serbs, 244-245 and unification, 137, 147 visual arts, 73-74 Montenegro, xv (map)
deaths in World War I, 91, 100 ethnic diversity, 328-329 first multiparty elections, 367 formal independence, 61-62 liberation movement (World War II), 176-177
4H Index
Turkish conquest, 25 unification with Serbia, 90, 95 uprising against Italy (World War II), 176
and Venetians, 25 vladika, 60
wars with Turks, 61, 77 and World War I, 83-84 See also Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Sandzak Moraca monastery, 36 Moravian Pass, 4 Morina, Rahman, 242, 243 Mostar, Bridge at, 33, 34, 365 Mujadzic, Omer, 144 Mura River, 4 Murn, Josip, 68 Murtic, Edo, 261
Music, 365. See also Jazz, Rock music Music Academy (Montenegro), 265 Music Society (Croatia), 70 Muslim Party of Democratic Action (SDA), 237, 312 Muslims, 8 birth rate, 310
in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 310-312, 315-316,318-320, 371 Bosnian newspapers, 71 and constitutional reform of 1963, 206
populations of Balkan states, 10 populations of groups of Bosnian Muslim community in Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, 107t. in Sandzak, 353-354,370 and Yugoslav federation, 234—235,
269
See also Islam, Yugoslav Muslim Organization (JMO)
Mussolini, Benito, 185
Na^ertanie, 44, 57, 76 Nagodba, 77
Nagode, Crtomir, 198, 268
Nambiar, Satish, 369
Narod kristjanski za narod slovinski, 34
Narodni list, 89
Nasa izjava, 88-89. See also Our Declaration
National and University Library, 142 National Assembly, 148, 149, 267 National Bloc Agreement, 120 National Committee for Slovenia, 168 National Committee of Liberation of Yugoslavia, 161
National Council (Slovenia), 166, 185 National Council of the Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs, 89, 95, 129 National Declaration (Slovenia), 168, 186-187
National Gallery of Arts, 142 National Liberation Committees, 157, 161
National Liberation Movement,
156-159,157,160-162, 184, 185 and art, 261
and government-in-exile, 158, 168 and Slovene cultural silence, 180—181 National Radical Party (NRS), 101, 112, 113-114,118, 148 in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 133 National Theatre, 144 Nationalist movements, 45, 47—66, 75 Nation-states, 44 Natlacen, Marko, 166, 167, 185 NATO
and Kosovo, 373, 374 and Macedonia, 359 and Slovenia, 300,301 Naturalism, 67 Nazor, Vladimir, 93,181, 190 NDH. See Independent State of Croatia (NDH)
Nedelkovski, Kole, 146 Nedic, Milan, 159, 173, 174, 190 Nemanja, Stefan, 21, 25, 39 Nemanjic, Stefan, 21 Neoromanticism, 259 Neretva, Principality of, 15, 20 New Democracy, 339 New Reality, 141 New Romanticism, 67
Index 415
Nikezic, Marko, 239» 279-280 Nikola, King, 137,138 Nikola, Prince, 62, 78 Ninoslav, Matej, 19 Njegos, Danilo Petrovic, 26,40, 145 NLM. See National Liberation Movement No Mans Land, 366 Nonaligned movement, 203 Norac, Mirko, 308
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. See NATO
Nova revija (New Journal), 269 Novi Akordi, 68 Novi Beograd, 264
NRS. See National Radical Party (NRS) Nusic, Branislav, 96,144
Oberstar, James, 294 Obradovic, Dositej, 35 Obrenovic, Aleksandar I, 58, 77 Obrenovic, Milan II, 58 Obrenovic, Milos, 76, 79 Obrenovic dynasty, 57 OF. See Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation (OF)
Ohrid Agreement, 363, 364, 375 Ohrid Archdiocese, 63-64 Old Church Slavonic, 29, 33, 74 Opacic, Jovan, 303 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, 321 Organizations of Associated Labor, 208 Ohrid monastery, 37 Orthodox Church, 8
in Macedonia, 206, 246, 248, 269 Montenegro, 60
and religious splits among South Slavs, 8
in Serbia, 21-22, 334, 345 of Serbia on Kosovo, 240-241 split with Roman Catholicism (Schism of 1054), 6, 29, 39 See also Catholicism OSCE. See Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
Osman, 33 Osterc, Slavko, 142 Ottoman Empire, 5, 6, 9
colonization of Slavic territories, 9 cultural style and influences, 29 and frontier zones, 9-10 South Slav territory, 48 (map) and Young Turks, 56, 65 See also Turks Our Declaration, 88-89 A Commentary to, 88-89 See also Nasa izjava Owen, David, 306, 315, 370, 371
Pacta Conventa, 16, 39
Pagania. See Neretva, Principality of
Panic, Milan, 294
as prime minister of FRY, 333—335 Pannonia, 4 Pannonian Plain, 5 Pan-Slavism, 69 Paraga, Dobroslav, 233 Pardew, James, 364 Paris Peace Conference of 1947, 126, 127, 129,217,268
Party of Democratic Prosperity (PDP), 357, 363
Parun, Vesna, 260
Pasic, Nikola, 84, 90,95, 112, 113-114, 148,150-151 death of, 115, 148 Patarens, 34
Patrovic, Aleksandar, 257 Pavelic, Ante, 131, 154, 169, 171, 185,
190-191,303
Pavle, Prince. See Karadjordjevic, Pavle (regent)
Pavlovic, Miodrag, 263 Pavlovic:, Zivojin, 257, 280 PDK. See Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK)
PDP. See Party of Democratic Prosperity (PDP)
Peace Conference on the Former Yugoslavia, 306
Peace of Bucharest (1913), 60, 78
4i 6 Index
Peace of London (1913), 59, 78 Peace of San Stefano, 58, 61, 77 Peace of Svistov, 24,40 Peace of Westphalia of 1648, 30 Peace of Zadar, 17
Peasant Democratic Coalition (KDK), 115, 120
Pecanac, Kosta, 158, 185 Pelivan, Jure, 312 People’s Front of Yugoslavia, 197 Perovic, Ivo, 119
Perovic, Latinka, 231-232, 239, 280 Perpich, George J., 294, 334 Pesic, Dragisa, 352 Petar, King, 16, 39
Petar II. See Petrovic-Njegos, Petar II Peter, Sovereign of Doclea, 24 Peter I, King. See Karadjordjevic, Peter I Peter III, Emperor of Russia, 26 Peterle, Lojze, 297, 382 Petritsch, Wolfgang, 322 Petrovic, Djordje, 57, 76 Petrovic, Nadezda, 93 Petrovic, Petar I, 60 Petrovic dynasty, 62-63, 90, 95 Petrovic-Njegos, Mihailo, 176 Petrovic-Njegos, Nikola I, 96-97 Petrovic-Njegos, Petar II, 60-61, 73, 76, 79-80
Petrovic-Njegos dynasty, 137, 175-176 Philharmonic Society of Regional Music School, 144 Philharmonical Society, 31 Pijade, Mosa, 191 Planinc, Milka, 214-215, 241, 269, 280-281
Plavsic, Biljana, 321, 322, 373, 382-383 Plecnik, Joze, 68-69, 142 Podlimbarski, Fran Maselj, 93 Podrecca, Boris, 260 Poetry, 67 Poezije, 49
Pohlin, Marko, 14—15 Policy of a New Course, 53 Ponte, Carla del, 346 Popa, Vasko, 263
Pop-nationalism, 365, 383 Popovic, Djoko S., 74 Popovic, Mihailo, 144—145 Popovic, Milentije, 239 Posavski, Ljudevit, 38 Postilla Slovenska, 31 Postmodernism, 259, 262 Pozderac, Hamdija, 236, 281 Pravastvo. See Greater Croatia Praxis, 257 Prekmurje, 127,147 Pfiemysl, Otokar, 13 Prenner, Jurij, 31 Preradovic, Petar, 69 Preseren, France, 49, 67, 76, 80 Pribicevic, Svetozar, 53, 115 Pribina, Prince, 12 Prica, Zlatko, 261
Princip, Gavrilo, 56, 60, 78, 82-83, 83, 97
Pripovjesti, 73 Pristina, University of, 252 Prlicev, Grigor, 74 Prosvjeta, 231
Protestant Reformation Movement. See Reformation
Protestantism and national languages, 30
Protic, Stojan, 90, 100 Protobulgarians, 2 Ptolomeius, 2
Qosja, Rexhep, 341
Racan, Ivica, 309-310, 383 Racic, Punisa, 148 Racin, Kosta, 146 Racki, Stjepan, 52 Radic, Pavle, 115
Radic, Stjepan, 90, 102, 115, 130, 148, 150-151
coalitions with Pasic and Pribicevic, 115, 148
death of, 115, 116, 128, 148 imprisonment and release, 114-115 on unification, 129
Index 417
Radosavljevic, Dobivoje, 239 Radovan’s portal, 32 Rambouillet Agreement, 340-341, 341, 373-374
Ramovs, Primoz, 260 Rankovic, Aleksandar, 191, 203, 204, 231
and Albanian nationalism, 250 death of, 270 fall of, 238, 269
as proponent of centralism, 205 as Serb spokesman, 238 Raska, 20,21,25, 35, 36 Raskovic, Jovan, 303, 383 Rateski (Celovski rokopis), 31 Rationalism, 262 Ravnikar, Edo, 260 Raznjatovic-Arkan, Zelko, 383-384 Realism, 66-67, 69, 72, 73 Red Berets, 348-349 Reformation, 14, 30, 31 Religious Peace of Augsburg (1555), 14 Renaissance, 32 Republic of Krusevo, 64 Republic of Serb Krajina, 369 Rexhepi, Bajram, 344 Ribanje i ribarsko prigovaranje, 33 Ribar, Ivan, 131 Robert, King Karl I, 17 Rock music, 260, 263 Roman Empire, 5 Romans, 4
amphitheater, 4 Romanticism, 66-67, 73 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 163 Rotunda of St. Donat, 32 Rozman, Gregorij, 159, 167, 168,
191-192, 198
Rudolph, Emperor of Germany, 13 Rugova, Ibrahim, 336, 336, 337, 339, 341,344,370, 375, 384 Rump Yugoslavia. See Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Rupel, Dimitrij, 293 Rupnik, Leon, 192, 198 Russian Revolution (1917), 102, 126
Sabor, 121
Sacirbej, Mohamed, 384 Salamun, Tomaz, 259, 282 Salonika, 27
Front of, 84, 91, 95 Samo, Prince, 11-12, 38 Samuel, Emperor of Macedonia, 16, 20, 24, 27,37, 39, 40 Sandzak, 353-355, 369, 370 Santl, Sasa, 69
SAPs. See Socialist Autonomous Provinces Sarajevo, 370
and assassination of Francis Ferdinand, 55, 60, 82, 83 and Bosnia and Herzegovina war, 315
street scene, 55 55 Sarajevo Declaration, 148 Sarajevo Philharmonic, 144 Sarano San Giorgio, D. de, 73 Sava River, 9 Savin, Risto, 68 Scepan, Mali, 26 Schism of 1054,6, 29,39 Scientific Institute, 181 Sclavinians, 26—27
SDA. See Muslim Party of Democratic Action (SDA)
SDS. See Serb Democratic Party (SDS), Social-Democratic Party (SDS) Secession, 69, 71 Second Balkan War, 60,65, 78 Second Serb Uprising, 57, 76 Segedin, Petar, 230 Self-determination of ethno-nations, 210-213
Self-management, 205, 210-211,282 Selim III, Sultan, 20 Senoa, August, 69 Serb Autonomous Authorities, 368 Serb Constitution of 1989, 243, 254, 271,329, 366,367
Serb Democratic Party (SDS), 237, 272, 369
in Croatia, 312, 313
4i8 Index
Serb Movement for Renewal, 331, 332 Serb National Council, 366, 367 Serb National Federation, 294 Serb National Theatre, 264 Serb Patriarchy, 23-24 Serb Radical Party (SRS), 90, 100, 331, 334
Serb Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 313, 369 Serb Uprisings, 57, 76 Serbia, xv (map)7
agricultural problems, 136 and Austria-Hungary, 58-60 beginning of mining, 21 deaths in World War I, 91, 100, 134 ethnic minorities, 325-326 first multiparty elections, 367 Greek-Byzantine influence, 34-35 independence, 56-58 “narrower,” 240 as People’s Republic, 238 rebellions against Turks, 40 seeking an enlarged Serbia, 84—85 Turkish conquest and rule, 23-24 under Turks, 9
unification with Montenegro, 90 and World War I, 83-84, 135 See also Federal Republic of Yugoslavia; Sandzak Serbia and Montenegro, 323-324, 347-358
Council of Ministers, 349 See also Vojvodina Serblia, 20
Serbo-Croatian language, 255, 257-258 “Serboslavia.” See Great Serbia Serbs
armed conflict with Croatia, 292 in Bosnia, 9
in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 310—314, 315-316,318-320 and Bosniaks, 236-237 composers, 72 and Croat resurgence, 290 in Croatia, 302, 303-304, 307, 308, 309,310
cultural history (to 1700), 34-35 cultural history (19th century to World War I), 72-73 cultural history (World War I), 93 cultural history (between World Wars), 144-145
cultural history (World War II), 182 cultural history (1945—1990), 263-265
declaration of independence in Croatia, 291-292
desire for centralized state, 289-290, 292
as ethnic nation, 45, 56-60 films, 144-145 folk songs, 72 Great Mayors, 21 Great Migrations, 10, 40, 249 history (900-1800), 20-24 history (between World Wars), 134-137
history (World War II), 173-175 history (postwar), 238-244 in Hungary, 9
Memorandum of the Serb Academy of Arts and Sciences, 241, 253, 270 political/ethnic conflicts with Slovenes, 289—290 relations with Croats, 131-132, 136-137
as significant population in all Yugoslav republics, 238 from U.S. and unification issue, 85, 87-88
visual arts, 72-73 writers, 72
and Yugoslav Peoples Army, 289 Seselj, Vojislav, 236-237, 331,332, 348, 384-385
SFOR. See Stabilization Forces (SFOR) SFRY. See Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)
Sibenik, 365 Silajdzic, Haris, 385 Simeon, Emperor of Bulgaria, 20 Simovic, Dusan, 123, 153, 163
Index 419
Skadar, 25
Skender-beg, 25,40-41 Skopje, University of, 360 Slana, France, 69 Slavica, 264 Slavism, 30
Slavonia, 304, 305, 306, 371, 372. See also Slovinje, Principality of
Slavs
Alpine, 4-5
first literary language, 6, 28 linguistic groups, 2 migrations, 1-4,3, 38 Slovene Assembly, 227 Slovene Home Defenders, 195-196 Slovene Home Guard, 168, 189 Slovene language, 30, 225 Slovene League, 88 Slovene Ljubljana Declaration, 148 Slovene National Liberation Council, 166-167,186
Slovene National Progressive Party (SNNS), 101-102
Slovene Peoples Party (SLS), 86,90, 102, 115, 118, 126, 148 between World Wars, 128—129 Slovene Philharmonic House, 68 Slovene Republican Alliance, 88 Slovene Society of Writers, 227 Slovene Territorial Defense, 297, 298-299
Slovene World Congress, 294 Slovene Youth Organization, 296, 297 Slovenes, 4-6 and Bavaria, 12 cultural awakening, 14-15 cultural history (16th-18th centuries), 30-31 cultural history (19th century to World War I), 67-69 cultural history (World War II), 180-181
cultural history (1945-1990), 259-260
division among four states after World War I, 127
emigration, 46 as ethnic nation, 45,47-51 under Habsburgs, 13-14, 39 historic lands, 13 history (600-1800), 11-15 history (between World Wars), 125-129
history (World War II), 166-168 history (postwar), 221-228 Hungarian conquest, 12 as minority in Italy, Austria, and Hungary, 221-224, 295 nationalist movement, 49-50 political/ethnic conflicts with Serbs, 289-290
traditional frontier with Croats, 6 from U.S. and unification issue, 85, 87-88 writers, 93
writing on forbidden themes, 213-214
in World War I, 125-126 See also Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation (OF)
Slovenia
democratization, 296-298 dissatisfaction with federation, 224-227
election of opposition parties, 1990, 290
elections of 1990, 296-297, 366 ethnic homogeneity, 295, 296 ethnic structure (postwar), 295-296 formation of independent political parties, 227, 272
independence movement, 291,292, 367
independence, 287, 292-293, 294-295, 297, 298-301, 368 March Revolution of 1848, 67 and national minorities in neighboring countries, 214 postwar migrations, 217-218 reaction to Serb militance, 242-243 resistance movement (World War II), 166-167
420 Index
Serbian desire to merge with, 84—85 and Yugoslav People’s Army ( JNA), 291
Slovinje, Principality of, 15. See also Slavonia
SLS. See Slovene Peoples Party (SLS) Smerekar, Hinko, 69 Smuels state, 7
SNNS. See Slovene National Progressive Party (SNNS)
Social Democratic Union, 363 Social property, 203 Social-Democratic Party (SDS), 126 Social Realism, 141-142, 256, 259, 260, 266
Socialist Alliance of Working People, 208
Socialist Autonomous Provinces, 211 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)
debt, 208-209, 213, 214-215 dissolution, 287—293, 323 economic changes, 206—207 formation of, 206, 210, 269 improved standard of living, 206,
209
internal migrations, 220—221 mixed populations, 222-223 (map) program of economic stabilization, 214
rotating presidency, 208, 281-282 See also Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY); Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY); Yugoslav Federation Socialist National Party, 346, 352 Socialist Party of Montenegro, 350 Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), 329, 334, 338-339
Socialist Realism, 260, 261, 262, 263 Socialist Republics, 211 Society of Plastic Artists of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 262
Sokolovic, Mehmed-pasa. See Mehmed II
Solana, Javier, 347—348, 353
South Slavs, 1
cultural history (to 1800), 28—30 cultural history (World War I), 92—93 cultural history (after 1990), 364—366 distribution and population of ethnic groups, 45—47, 46t., 75 division between Habsburg
Monarchy and Ottoman Empire, 48 (map)
ethnic mixing (pre—World War I), 46 feudal states, 6 folk literature, 29 formation of individual ethnic nuclei, 6—8 formation of states, 7 movement toward nation-state (19th century), 44—45
movement toward one state (World War I), 84
19th-century migrations, 46 Orthodox and Roman Catholic split (Schism of 1054), 6, 29, 39 political activities in World War I, 84 religious splits (Catholic, Orthodox, Muslim), 8 settlement, 1-5
and spread of Christianity, 6—8 territories (9th—14th centuries), 5—8 territories (14th-19th centuries),
8-11
and Turkish threat, 8 from U.S. and unification issue, 85, 87-88
Spacal, Lojze, 259
Spaho, Mehmed, 102, 119, 133, 151 Spasojevic-Siptar, Dusan, 348 Spring of Nations (1848), 49, 65, 67, 70, 71,76
SPS. See Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS) Srebrenica, 371 refugees, 317
Sremski Karlovci cathedral, 35 Srpski glas, 124—125 SRS. See Serb Radical Party SRs. See Socialist Republics St. Hermagoras Society, 68
Index 421
St. Mary Assumption church (Kursumlija), 35 St. Nicholas church, 35 St. Sava Society, 64, 77 Stabilization Forces (SFOR), 320 Stalin, Josef, 156 and Tito, 199-202 Stambolic, Ivan, 242,270, 283, 349 Stambolic, Petar, 239, 283 Stanisic, Baja, 176 Stankovic, Radenko, 119 Starcevic, Ante, 52-53 State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs, 90 founding, 89,95
State School for Painting and Art (Bosnia and Herzegovina), 262 Stecki, 34
Stefan, Dus an. See Dusan Silni (the Mighty)
Steiner, Michael, 344 Stepinac, Alojzije, 171, 192,198, 228, 267
Stiglic, France, 260 Stijovic, Risto, 265 Stipetic, Petar, 308 Stiski rokopiSy 31
Stojadinovic, Milan, 119-121, 134, 149 Stritar, Josip, 67 Strossmayer, Josip Juraj, 52, 71 Styria, 126
Subasic, Ivan, 161, 186, 192 Subic, 19
Subic, Janez and Jurij, 69 Suleiman I the Magnificent, 20 Supilo, Franjo, 53 Surroi, Veton, 341 Susak, Gojko, 294 Suvar, Stipe, 230, 291 Sv. Cecilija, 71 Svetosavski Congress, 175 Symbolism, 67, 181, 259
Taborsko gibanje, 49-50, 77 Tanovic, Danis, 366, 385 Täufer, Veno, 259 Tavcar, Ivan, 68
Temporary People’s Assembly, 196 Ten-Day War, 368
Territorial Defense Force of Slovenia, 206
Thaci, Hashim, 341, 385 “Third Yugoslavia.” See Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) Thirty Years’ War, 30 Tito. See Broz-Tito, Josip Titograd (Podgorica), 265 Titoism, 207-208 Tito-Subasic Agreement, 196 Todorovic, Miljenko, 239 Tolinger, R., 73 Tomas, Stjepan, 19 Tomislav I, 15-16,38,41 Trajkovski, Boris, 361, 361, 364, 374, 385-386 Traun River, 4 Travunia, 20 Trdina, Janez, 68 Treaty of Rapallo, 103, 147 Trialism, 87
Trieste, 164. See also Free Territory of Trieste
Tripalo, Mika, 283-284 Tripartite Pact, 122-123, 122, 153 Trogir Cathedral, 32 Trpimir, Prince, 15 Trsar, Drago, 260 Trubar, Primoz, 14, 30, 31,41-42 Truman, Harry, 200, 202 Trumbic, Ante, 53,90, 97 The Truth about the Economic Foundation of the Croatian Question, 125
Tudjman, Franjo, 232-233, 271, 322,
386
and Dayton Agreement, 318, 320 death of, 308, 374
meeting with Milosevic, 304, 312, 368 as president of Croatia, 1990, 290, 294, 303, 308, 309 Turks
and Bosnia, 9
conquest and rule of Serbia, 23-24
422 Index
conquest of Bosnia, 19—20 conquest of Macedonia, 28 conquest of Montenegro, 25 defeat by Austrian Empire, 9 end of rule in Europe, 65 European rebellions against (18th century), 24 and Macedonia, 9, 356 and Muslim populations of Balkan states, 10
occupations and incursions, 8 postwar emigration, 218 and Serbia, 9, 39 wars with Montenegro, 61,77 See also Ottoman Empire
Ugljanin, Sulejman, 354 Union of Serbia and Montenegro, 287 Union of Socialist Youth of Slovenia, 226,259
Union of Writers of Yugoslavia, 259 United Americans for Slovenia, 294 United Committee of South Slavic Americans, 164 United for Yugoslavia, 352 United Nations
admission of Macedonia, 370 admission of Slovenia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, 370 and Albanian rebellion in Macedonia, 363 and Bosnia and Herzegovina, 320-321,322-323 High Commissioner for Refugees, 340, 342
Security Council, 342-343, 369, 370-371,373
Forces (UNPROFOR), 320, 369 United Opposition, 120 United Slovenia, 49—50, 76 and arts, 67, 68 United States
and independent republics, 292, 293 recognition of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 314
recognition of Croatia, 306 recognition of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 298, 370 on split between Yugoslavia and Soviets, 202 See also U.S. Slavs
UNPROFOR. See United Nation: Forces (UNPROFOR)
Uros, Stefan, I, 21 Uros V, 23 U.S. Slavs
and events of 1990s, 293—294 temporary return (1919—1922), 109 and unification issue, 85, 87—88 and World War II, 163—164 Uskok, 73
Ustasa, 118-119, 131,232,303 and Bosnia (World War II), 172 in Croatia (World War II), 169, 170, 171
treatment after World War II, 195-196, 198
and World War II, 154, 158-159, 162, 165, 168, 183, 184, 185 Uz ice, Republic of, 185, 191
Valachs, 23 Valuk, Prince, 11 Valvazor, Janez Vajkard, 31 Vance, Cyrus, 315, 334, 370, 371 Vance-Owen Plan, 315, 370 Venetian Republic, 17 Venetians, 2 Venice, 6
dissolution of Republic of, 44, 75 Vergerij, Petar Pavao, 30 Veselica, Marko, 233 Victory of Montenegro, 352 Vidmar, Milan, 142 Vidovdan Constitution, 103, 112—113, 148
on Bosnia and Herzegovina, 133 Viennese Arts of Secession, 69 Vilfan, Joza,226 Village Guardians, 167, 168
Index 423
Vinodolski zakonik, 33 Visegrad bridge, 34 Vlachs, 4
Vladimir, Prince, 24 Vlaic, Dus an, 182 Vllasi, Azem, 243, 234, 271,284 VMRO. See Inner Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (VMRO)
VMRO-DPMNE. See Inner
Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE)
Vodnik, Valentin, 67 Vojislav, Stefan, 24-25, 39 Vojvodina, xv (map)
Austrian colonization, 10 ethnic mixing, 326 ethnic tensions in Kingdom, 136 population decrease, 326-327 postwar colonization, 217 von Lohr, Alexander, 187 Vraz, Stanko, 69 Vremac, Anton, 33 Vukasin, King of Serbia, 28 Vukmanovic - Tempo, Svetozar, 178, 186,
192-193 Vukovar, 369
War crimes (Croatian), 308. See also Hague Tribunal
War for the Homeland (Croatia), 305-306
War of Morea, 26
Washington Framework Agreement,
371
White Button, 263, 273 White Guard, 167, 193 Wolf, Hugo, 68 World War I, 82, 94
and assassination of Francis Ferdinand, 56, 60, 82-83 effects of, 92-93, 100 South Slavic life during, 91-92
World War II, 122-123, 153, 184-185 ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia, 154U156, 159,162, 164-166 and flourishing of arts, 179-180 KPJ-led armed resistance, 156-159 and U.S. Slavs, 163-164 Yugoslavian deaths, 164-165, 169, 174, 194
Writers Union of Macedonia, 247, 266
Xhaferi, Arben, 364,386
Young Bosnia, 56 Young Turks, 56,65 Yugoslav Club of the Austrian Parliament, 84
May Declaration (1917), 86-87, 95 Yugoslav Committee, 84, 85, 88, 89,90, 94,95
and Declaration of Corfu, 85-86 Yugoslav Democratic Party (IDS), 101, 112, 113, 118
in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 133 Yugoslav Federation, 194
cultural history (1945-1990), 254-259
education, 255, 267, 268 and ethnic conflicts, 266-267 nationalities (minorities), 279 See also Federal Peoples Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY), Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)
Yugoslav Idea, 44, 45, 52, 75 and Bosnia, 56
and ethnic nationalism, 65-66 Yugoslav Left (JUL), 339 Yugoslav Muslim Organization (JMO), 102,118,133,148 on Bosnia and Herzegovina autonomy, 134
Yugoslav National Party (JNP), 118, 120 Yugoslav People’s Army (JNA), 206, 242 allegiance with Serbs, 289 armed conflict with Croatia, 292
424 Index
attack on Slovenia, 297-299 and Croatia and Slovenia, 291 desire for martial law (1991), 292 interference in politics (1990s), 289 intervention in Croatia, 304, 305-306 share of federal budget, 226 and Slovenes, 226, 227 Yugoslav Radical Union (JRZ), 120, 134 Yugoslav Relief Committee, 164 Slovene Section, 163 Yugoslav Republican Alliance, 88 Yugoslav Supreme Command, 167 Yugoslavia
anti-fascism, 184
armed resistance in World War II, 156-159
changes in ethnic populations during World War II, 164-166 cultural history of former republics (1990s), 364-366 deaths in World War II, 164-165,
169, 174, 194
defeat by Axis powers, 153-154 division under Axis, 154-156, 155 ethnic cleansing (World War II), 154-156, 159, 162, 164-166, 169 former, xv (map)
See also Democratic Federative Yugoslavia (DFJ); Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY); Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY); Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes; Kingdom of Yugoslavia; National Council of the Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs; Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY); State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs; Yugoslav Federation
Zadar, 365 Zagreb, 261
Zagreb Academy of Plastic Arts, 143
Zagreb Declaration, 148
Zagreb, University of, 71,255
Zahumlje, 20
Zajc, Dane, 259
Zajec, Ivan, 71
Zajedno, 339
ZAVNOBIH. See Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ZAVNOBIH) Zbor, 173 Zdravljica, 49
Zdruzena Slovenija. See United Slovenia
Zelenasi, 137—138 Zemlja, 143 Zenovic, Branko, 266 Zeta, 19,21,23, 24-25, 39
as new name for Montenegro, 138 Zilja River, 4 Ziljski, Matija Majar, 49 Zitije, 35
Zivot i prikljucenija, 35 ZKJ. See League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY)
Zlobec, Ciril, 259 Zois, Ziga, 14—15,67 Zrinjski, Petar, 17 Zubak, Kresimir, 321 Zupanova Micka, 31 Zvonimir, King, 16 Zweig, Stefan, 92 Zilnik, Zelimir, 257 Zivkovic, Petar, 116, 118 Zivkovic, Zoran, 348 Zivojinovic (Bata), Velimir, 284 Zupaniic, Oton, 68
Contents
Series Editor s Foreword ix Preface xiii List of Maps xxi
EARLY HISTORY
1 The South Slavic Peoples:
Sixth Century to the Early Nineteenth Century 1
Settlement of South Slavs i
Histories of the South Slavic Nations n
Cultural History from the Settlement of the Slavs until 1800
Conclusion 38
Timeline 38
Significant People, Places, and Events 40 Bibliography 42
2 The Yugoslav Nations, from 1800 to World War I 44
Distribution of “Ethnic” Groups and Growth of Populations Political Histories of the South Slavic Ethno-Nations 47 The Yugoslav Idea in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries 65
Cultural History from the 1800s until 1918 66
Conclusion 75 Timeline 75
Significant People, Places, and Events 78 Bibliography 80
vi Contents
EARLY TO MID-TWENTIETH CENTURY
3 Yugoslav “Nations” during World War I and the Establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes 82
World War I 82
Cultural History during World War I (1914—1918) 92
The Creation of the First Yugoslav State 94 Timeline 94
Significant, People, Places, and Events 95 Bibliography 97
4 “The First Yugoslavia”: Yugoslav Nations between
the First and Second World Wars (1918-1941) 99
The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes 99
Ethnic Structure of the Population in the New Kingdom 103
Constitutional and Political Development in
the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia 112
Ethnic Relations and the Unresolved “National Question(s)” 123 Interwar Histories of the Yugoslav Nations 123 Cultural Developments during the Period of Karadjordjevics Yugoslavia, 1918—1941 141
The Unresolved “National Question(s)” 146 Timeline 147
Significant, People, Places, and Events 149 Bibliography 151
WORLD WAR II TO THE I99OS
5 Yugoslav Nations during World War II (1941—1945) 153
The Occupation and Division of Yugoslavia 153 The Beginnings of the Armed Resistance 156 The Reaction of the Yugoslav Government-in-Exile to the National Liberation Movement 158 The National Liberation and Civil War, 1941-1945 160
Americans from Yugoslavia and the Events in the Old Homeland during World War II 163
Contents vii
Changes in the Ethnic Structure of the Population during World War II 164
Histories of the Individual Yugoslav Nations 166 Culture during World War II, 1941-1945 179
The End and a New Beginning 183 Timeline 184
Significant, People, Places, and Events 187 Bibliography 193
6 The Yugoslav Federation, 1945—1991:
The History of the “New” Yugoslavia 194
The Communist Party of Yugoslavia Takes Control 194 The Constitutional Development of the Yugoslav Federation, 1945-1980 209
Changes in Ethnic Structure of the Population after World War II 217
Histories of Individual Yugoslav Nations 221 Culture in the “New Yugoslavia,” 1945-1990 254
Conclusion: The Death of the Country 266 Timeline 267
Significant People, Places, and Events 272 Bibliography 284
THE CONTEMPORARY SITUATION AND A LOOK TO THE FUTURE
7 The Region of the Former Yugoslavia after 1990:
New States and a New Situation 287
The Dissolution of Yugoslavia 287
Slovenia after 1990 294
Croatia after 1990 301
Bosnia and Herzegovina after 1990 310
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and of Serbia-Montenegro after 1990 323
“Serboslavia,” or Great Serbia—The Dilemma that Finally Caused the Dissolution of the Socialist Federated Republic of Yugoslavia 329
viii Contents
The Political “Death” of Slobodan Milosevic and the New Beginning in Serbia 344 Montenegro 349
Sandzak: Is a New Balkan War Possible There? 353 Macedonia after 1990 355
Culture in the Countries of the Former Yugoslavia after 1990 364
Timeline 366
Significant People, Places, and Events 375 Bibliography 386
Bibliography 389 Index 399
About the Authors 425
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| series2 | ABC-CLIO's ethnicity within nations series |
| spelling | Klemenčič, Matjaž Verfasser aut The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples a reference sourcebook Matjaž Klemenčič and Mitja Žagar Santa Barbara, Calif. ABC-CLIO 2004 XXI, 426 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier ABC-CLIO's ethnicity within nations series Includes bibliographical references (p. 389-397) and index Geschichte 500-2000 gnd rswk-swf Adult education Literacy Study and teaching Minderheit (DE-588)4752223-9 gnd rswk-swf Ethnische Gruppe (DE-588)4153095-0 gnd rswk-swf Jugoslawien (DE-588)4028966-7 gnd rswk-swf Jugoslawien (DE-588)4028966-7 g Ethnische Gruppe (DE-588)4153095-0 s Minderheit (DE-588)4752223-9 s Geschichte 500-2000 z DE-604 Žagar, Mitja Sonstige oth http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip048/2003018390.html Table of contents Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010510619&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010510619&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Klemenčič, Matjaž The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples a reference sourcebook Adult education Literacy Study and teaching Minderheit (DE-588)4752223-9 gnd Ethnische Gruppe (DE-588)4153095-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4752223-9 (DE-588)4153095-0 (DE-588)4028966-7 |
| title | The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples a reference sourcebook |
| title_auth | The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples a reference sourcebook |
| title_exact_search | The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples a reference sourcebook |
| title_full | The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples a reference sourcebook Matjaž Klemenčič and Mitja Žagar |
| title_fullStr | The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples a reference sourcebook Matjaž Klemenčič and Mitja Žagar |
| title_full_unstemmed | The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples a reference sourcebook Matjaž Klemenčič and Mitja Žagar |
| title_short | The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples |
| title_sort | the former yugoslavia s diverse peoples a reference sourcebook |
| title_sub | a reference sourcebook |
| topic | Adult education Literacy Study and teaching Minderheit (DE-588)4752223-9 gnd Ethnische Gruppe (DE-588)4153095-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Adult education Literacy Study and teaching Minderheit Ethnische Gruppe Jugoslawien |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip048/2003018390.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010510619&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010510619&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT klemencicmatjaz theformeryugoslaviasdiversepeoplesareferencesourcebook AT zagarmitja theformeryugoslaviasdiversepeoplesareferencesourcebook |