Verfügbarkeit: Halophilic microorganisms

Halophilic microorganisms:

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	German
Veröffentlicht:	Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2004
Schlagworte:	Adaptation, Physiological Halobacteriales > physiology Halomonadaceae > physiology Halophilic microorganisms Sodium Chloride Halophiler Mikroorganismus Aufsatzsammlung
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XXVII, 349 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	3540009264

Internformat

MARC


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650		4	\|a Halobacteriales \|x physiology
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Datensatz im Suchindex

_version_	1804130109211279360
adam_text	CONTENTS FOREWORD * DONN J. KUSHNER AND HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF HALOPHILISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 MORRIS KATES INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER: HALF A LIFETIME IN SODA LAKES . . . . . . . . . . 17 WILLIAM D. GRANT 1 TROPHIC ECOLOGY OF SOLAR SALTERNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 CARLOS PEDROS-ALIO 1.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 1.2 DESCRIPTIVE BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SALTERNS . . . . . . . . . . . 34 1.2.1 FROM SEAWATER TO THE HALITE DOMAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 1.2.2 BEYOND THE HALITE DOMAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 1.3 QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN SALTERNS . . . . . . . . . . 37 1.3.1 SYSTEMS CONSIDERED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 1.3.2 PHYTOPLANKTON AND PRIMARY PRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . 38 1.3.3 HETEROTROPHIC PROKARYOTIC PLANKTON AND ITS ACTIVITY . . . . 39 1.3.4 GRAZING ON PHYTOPLANKTON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 1.3.5 GRAZING ON HETEROTROPHIC PROKARYOTIC PLANKTON . . . . . . . 44 1.3.6 VIRUSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 1.4 SALTERNS AS MODEL SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 2 MICROBIAL MOLECULAR AND PHYSIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN HYPERSALINE ENVIRONMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 CAROL D. LITCHFIELD 2.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 2.2 PHYSIOLOGICAL/METABOLIC DIVERSITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 2.2.1 LIPID ANALYSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 2.2.2 RADIOLABELLED SUBSTRATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 2.2.2.1 14C-LABELLED SUBSTRATE STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 2.2.2.2 TRITIATED THYMIDINE AND LEUCINE STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . 52 2.2.3 WHOLE COMMUNITY METABOLIC ANALYSES . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 2.2.4 STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 2.3 MOLECULAR DIVERSITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 2.3.1 16S RDNA INVESTIGATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 2.3.1.1 SOLAR SALTERNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 2.3.1.2 OTHER HYPERSALINE WATERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 2.4 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 3 RED, EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC, BUT NOT ARCHAEAL: THE PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF SALINIBACTER RUBER , A BACTERIUM ISOLATED FROM SALTERN CRYSTALLIZER PONDS . . . . 63 AHARON OREN, FRANCISCO RODRIGUEZ-VALERA, JOSEFA ANTON, SUSANA BENLLOCH, RAMON ROSSELLO-MORA, RUDOLF AMANN, JULIE COLEMAN, NICHOLAS J. RUSSELL 3.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 3.2 OCCURRENCE OF HALOPHILIC BACTERIA IN SPANISH SALTERN CRYSTALLIZER PONDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 3.3 ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SALINIBACTER RUBER FROM SALTERN BRINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 3.4 COMPARISON OF 16S RRNA SEQUENCES FROM SALINIBACTER CULTURES AND ENVIRONMENTAL SEQUENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 3.5 PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SALINIBACTER RUBER . . . . . . . . 70 3.6 CHARACTERIZATION AND QUANTITATION OF THE SALINIBACTER PIGMENT IN CULTURES AND IN SALTERN CRYSTALLIZER PONDS . . . . 71 3.7 FINAL COMMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 4 THE POTENTIAL USE OF SIGNATURE BASES FROM 16S RRNA GENE SEQUENCES TO AID THE ASSIGNMENT OF MICROBIAL STRAINS TO GENERA OF HALOBACTERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 MASAHIRO KAMEKURA, TORU MIZUKI, RON USAMI, YASUHIKO YOSHIDA, KOKI HORIKOSHI, RUSSELL H. VREELAND 4.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 4.2 DIFFERENTIATION OF HALOBACTERIA AT THE GENERIC LEVEL . . . . . 77 CONTENTS X 4.3 HETEROGENEITY OF 16S AND 23S RRNA GENE SEQUENCES . . . . 79 4.4 SIGNATURE BASES OF THE 16S RRNA GENE SEQUENCES . . . . . . 79 4.5 UTILITY OF SIGNATURE BASES IN THE ATTRIBUTION AT THE LEVEL OF GENUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 4.6 A CASE STUDY * HALOSIMPLEX CARLSBADENSE . . . . . . . . . . . 84 4.7 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 5 FROM INTRATERRESTRIALS TO EXTRATERRESTRIALS * VIABLE HALOARCHAEA IN ANCIENT SALT DEPOSITS . . . . . . . . . 89 HELGA STAN-LOTTER, CRHTISITAN RADAX, TERENCE J. MCGENITY, ANDREA LEGAT, MARION PFAFFENHUEMER, HEIDEMARIE WIELAND, CLAUDIA GRUBER, EWALD B.M. DENNER 5.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 5.2 GEOLOGICAL SETTING, STRATIGRAPHY AND ROCK SALT SAMPLES . . . 90 5.3 CULTURED SUBTERRANEAN HALOARCHAEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 5.4 MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF UNCULTURED HALOARCHAEA . . . . . . . 94 5.5 HOW OLD ARE THESE CELLS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 5.6 EXTRATERRESTRIAL HALITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 5.7 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 6 FUNGI IN THE SALTERNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 NINA GUNDE-CIMERMAN, POLONA ZALAR, URO * PETROVI * , MARTINA TURK, TINA KOGEJ, G. SYBREN DE HOOG, ANA PLEMENITA * 6.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 6.2 ISOLATION OF FUNGI FROM SALTERNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 6.3 BIODIVERSITY OF FUNGI IN THE SALTERNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 6.3.1 BLACK YEASTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 6.3.2 GENUS CLADOSPORIUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 6.3.3 GENUS WALLEMIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 6.3.4 GENERA ASPERGILLUS , PENICILLIUM AND THEIR TELEOMORPHS . . . 107 6.4 STUDIES OF ADAPTATIONS OF BLACK YEASTS TO HYPERSALINE ENVIRONMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 6.4.1 ECOLOGY OF BLACK YEASTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 6.4.2 BIOCHEMICAL ADAPTATIONS OF BLACK YEASTS TO HIGH SALINITIES . 109 6.5 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 CONTENTS XI 7 PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR RESPONSES OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS TO HYPERTONICITY: UTILIZATION OF EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED ADAPTATION STRATEGIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 GUDRUN HOLTMANN, CLARA D. BOIANGIU, JEANETTE BRILL, TAMARA HOFFMANN, ANNE U. KUHLMANN, SUSANNE MOSES, GABRIELE NAU-WAGNER, NATHALIE PICA, ERHARD BREMER 7.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 7.2 THE CELL AND THE SURROUNDING SOLVENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 7.3 MICROBIAL STRATEGIES FOR COPING WITH HYPEROSMOTIC ENVIRONMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 7.4 COMPATIBLE SOLUTES: CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 7.5 THE INITIAL STRESS RESPONSE OF B. SUBTILIS : UPTAKE OF K + . . . 118 7.6 ACCUMULATION OF COMPATIBLE SOLUTES BY BACILLUS SPP. THROUGH BIOSYNTHESIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 7.6.1 OSMOREGULATORY SYNTHESIS OF PROLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 7.6.2 OSMOREGULATORY SYNTHESIS OF ECTOINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 7.6.3 OSMOREGULATORY SYNTHESIS OF GLYCINE BETAINE FROM CHOLINE 123 7.7 ACQUISITION OF PREFORMED COMPATIBLE SOLUTES BY B. SUBTILIS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES . . . . . . . . . 125 7.8 EXPULSION OF COMPATIBLE SOLUTES: PROTECTION AGAINST EXTREME TURGOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 7.9 PERSPECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 8 GENETICS OF OSMOADAPTATION BY ACCUMULATION OF COMPATIBLE SOLUTES IN THE MODERATE HALOPHILE CHROMOHALOBACTER SALEXIGENS : ITS POTENTIAL IN AGRICULTURE UNDER OSMOTIC STRESS CONDITIONS . . . . . . 135 CARMEN VARGAS, MARIA-ISABEL CALDERON, NIEVES CAPOTE, ROCIO CARRASCO, RAUL GARCIA, MARIA JESUS MORON, ANTONIO VENTOSA, JOAQUIN J. NIETO 8.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 8.2 C. SALEXIGENS AS A MODEL ORGANISM FOR OSMOADAPTATION STUDIES IN MODERATE HALOPHILES . . . . 138 8.3 OSMOADAPTATION MECHANISMS IN C. SALEXIGENS . . . . . . . . 139 8.3.1 UPTAKE OF OSMOPROTECTANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 8.3.2 DE NOVO SYNTHESIS OF COMPATIBLE SOLUTES . . . . . . . . . . . 141 8.4 TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF THE C. SALEXIGENS ECT GENES . . 143 8.5 OVERLAPPING REGULATORY NETWORKS CONTROLLING THE INTRACELLULAR CONTENT OF COMPATIBLE SOLUTES . . . . . . . 145 CONTENTS XII 8.6 USE OF ECT GENES FOR THE GENERATION OF TRANSGENIC AGRICULTURALLY IMPORTANT ORGANISMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 8.6.1 COMPATIBLE SOLUTES SYNTHESIS GENES AS A TOOL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SALT-TOLERANT CROPS . . . . . . . . . . . 146 8.6.2 METABOLIC ENGINEERING OF BEANS TO GENERATE OSMOTIC-STRESS-RESISTANT VARIETIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 9 OSMOREGULATED SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN HALOPHILIC BACTERIA . . 155 HANS JOERG KUNTE 9.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 9.2 COMPATIBLE SOLUTE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS OF NONHALOPHILES . . . 156 9.3 OSMOSENSING BY OSMOREGULATED TRANSPORTERS . . . . . . . . 156 9.4 OSMOREGULATED TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN HALOPHILIC BACTERIA . . 157 9.4.1 TEAABC IS AN OSMOREGULATED TRAP-TRANSPORTER . . . . . . 158 9.4.2 TEAABC IS A RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR THE COMPATIBLE SOLUTE ECTOINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 10 MOLECULAR AND FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATIONS UNDERLYING THE EXCEPTIONAL SALT TOLERANCE OF THE ALGA DUNALIELLA SALINA . . 165 A. ZAMIR, M. AZACHI, U. BAGESHWAR, M. FISHER, I. GOKHMAN, L. PREMKUMAR, A. SADKA, T. SAVCHENKO 10.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 10.2 RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 10.2.1 SALT INDUCTION OF FATTY ACID ELONGASE AND MEMBRANE LIPID MODIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 10.2.1.1 A SALT-INDUCIBLE B -KETOACYL-COA SYNTHASE . . . . . . . . . . 166 10.2.1.2 SALT-RELATED FATTY ACID MODIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 10.2.2 UNIQUE SALT TOLERANCE OF EXTRACELLULAR DUNALIELLA PROTEINS . 169 10.2.2.1 THE 60-KDA DCA (DUPLICATED CARBONIC ANHYDRASE) . . . . . 169 10.2.2.2 A 30-KDA CARBONIC ANHYDRASE (P30) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 10.3 DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 10.3.1 PROPOSED ROLE OF INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES MODIFICATION IN SALT TOLERANCE OF DUNALIELLA . . . . . . . . . 173 10.3.2 THE SIGNIFICANCE AND BASIS OF SALT TOLERANCE OF EXTRACELLULAR CARBONIC ANHYDRASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 CONTENTS XIII 11 MULTIENZYME COMPLEXES IN THE ARCHAEA: PREDICTIONS FROM GENOME SEQUENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 MICHAEL J. DANSON, DAVID J. MORGAN, ALEX C. JEFFRIES, DAVID W. HOUGH, MICHAEL L. DYALL-SMITH 11.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 11.2 DIHYDROLIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE AND LIPOIC ACID IN THE HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 11.2.1 ENZYMOLOGICAL STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 11.2.2 DETECTION OF LIPOIC ACID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 11.3 2-OXOACID DEHYDROGENASE GENES IN THE HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA 180 11.3.1 HOMOLOGOUS EXPRESSION OF DHLIPDH IN HALOFERAX VOLCANII 180 11.3.2 A 2-OXOACID DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX OPERON . . . . . . . . 180 11.3.3 IDENTIFICATION OF THE GENES AND STRUCTURAL PREDICTIONS OF THEIR PROTEIN PRODUCTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 11.4 FUNCTIONAL STUDIES IN HALOFERAX VOLCANII . . . . . . . . . . . 183 11.4.1 TRANSCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 11.4.2 KNOCK-OUT MUTANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 11.5 2-OXOACID DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX GENES IN OTHER ARCHAEA 184 11.5.1 HALOBACTERIUM SP. NRC-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 11.5.2 AEROBIC THERMOPHILIC ARCHAEA: THERMOPLASMA , AEROPYRUM AND SULFOLOBUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 11.5.3 ANAEROBIC THERMOPHILIC ARCHAEA: PYROCOCCUS, ARCHAEOGLOBUS AND THE METHANOGENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 11.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 12 NITRATE ASSIMILATION IN HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA . . . . . . . . . 193 MARIA J. BONETE, FRUTOS C. MARHUENDA-EGEA, CARMEN PIRE, JUAN FERRER, ROSA M. MARTINEZ-ESPINOSA 12.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 12.1.1 NITRATE METABOLISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 12.1.2 PHYSIOLOGY OF NITRATE ASSIMILATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 12.2 HALOARCHAEAL NITRATE REDUCTASES (NAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 12.2.1 ASSIMILATORY NITRATE REDUCTASES (NAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 12.2.2 RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE-BOUND NITRATE REDUCTASES (NAR) . . 197 12.2.3 DISSIMILATORY PERIPLASMIC NITRATE REDUCTASES (NAP) . . . . . 198 12.3 HALOARCHAEAL NITRITE REDUCTASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 12.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 CONTENTS XIV 13 THE ARCHAEAL CARDIOLIPINS OF THE EXTREME HALOPHILES . . . . 205 ANGELA CORCELLI, VERONICA M. T. LATTANZIO, AHARON OREN 13.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 13.2 TWO CARDIOLIPIN ANALOGS IN THE PURPLE MEMBRANE OF HALOBACTERIUM SALINARUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 13.3 OCCURRENCE OF ARCHAEAL CARDIOLIPINS IN VARIOUS STRAINS OF EXTREME HALOPHILES . . . . . . . . . . . 210 13.4 THE ROLE OF ARCHAEAL CARDIOLIPINS IN EXTREME HALOPHILES . . 211 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 14 UNDERSTANDING ARCHAEAL PROTEIN TRANSLOCATION: HALOFERAX VOLCANII AS A MODEL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 JERRY EICHLER, ZVIA KONRAD, GABRIELA RING 14.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 14.2 AN OVERVIEW OF ARCHAEAL PROTEIN TRANSLOCATION . . . . . . . 215 14.2.1 PROTEIN TARGETING IN ARCHAEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 14.2.1.1 ARCHAEAL SRP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 14.2.1.2 FTSY, THE ARCHAEAL SRP RECEPTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 14.2.2 THE ARCHAEAL TRANSLOCON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 14.2.2.1 SECYE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 14.2.2.2 SECDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 14.2.2.3 THE TAT PATHWAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 14.2.3 ARCHAEAL SIGNAL PEPTIDASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 14.3 BIOCHEMICAL RECONSTITUTION OF ARCHAEAL TRANSLOCATION USING HALOFERAX VOLCANII AS A MODEL SYSTEM . 221 14.3.1 INVERTED MEMBRANE VESICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 14.3.1.1 HFX. VOLCANII IMVS ARE INVERTED AND SEALED . . . . . . . . . 221 14.3.1.2 HFX. VOLCANII IMVS ARE FUNCTIONAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 14.3.2 THE S-LAYER GLYCOPROTEIN * A REPORTER OF TRANSLOCATION . . 223 14.3.2.1 MATURATION OF THE S-LAYER GLYCOPROTEIN FOLLOWS TRANSLOCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 14.3.2.2 THE BASIS OF S-LAYER GLYCOPROTEIN MATURATION . . . . . . . . 224 14.3.2.3 A ROLE FOR MAGNESIUM IN S-LAYER GLYCOPROTEIN MATURATION . 225 14.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 CONTENTS XV 15 GAS VESICLE GENES IN HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA AND BACTERIA . . . 229 FELICITAS PFEIFER 15.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 15.2 COMPARISON OF GENES INVOLVED IN GAS VESICLE FORMATION . . 230 15.2.1 THE GAS VESICLE GENE CLUSTERS OF HALOPHILC ARCHAEA . . . . . 230 15.2.2 THE GVP GENE CLUSTERS OF BACTERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 15.3 REGULATION OF GVP GENE EXPRESSION IN HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA . 236 15.4 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 16 EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA: INSIGHTS INTO THEIR RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . 243 GUADALUPE JUEZ 16.1 INTRODUCTION TO HALOARCHAEA AND THEIR SPECIALIZED WORLD . 243 16.1.1 EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA AND THEIR HABITAT: A BRIEF PRESENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 16.1.2 SPECIALIZATION OF HALOARCHAEA FOR LIFE UNDER EXTREME CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 16.1.3 HALOARCHAEA MUST WITHSTAND HARSH ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES 245 16.2 HALOARCHAEAL MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSES ARE NOT YET COMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD . . . . . . . 245 16.3 GLOBAL RESPONSE: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF ADAPTATION MECHANISMS IN HALOARCHAEA . . . . . . . . . . 246 16.3.1 OSMOTIC BALANCE AS MAIN LIMITING FACTOR IN THE ADAPTATION TO CHANGING OSMOTIC CONDITIONS . . . . . 246 16.3.2 HYPOOSMOTIC STRESS: HARD CONDITIONS FOR HALOARCHAEA . . . 246 16.3.3 SPECIFIC LOW- VERSUS HIGH-SALINITY PROTEINS, AND GENERAL STRESS PROTEINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 16.4 ADAPTATION TO OSMOTIC STRESS AND TO HIGH TEMPERATURE MUST INVOLVE CERTAIN COMMON PROTECTION MECHANISMS. A POSSIBLE ROLE OF MOLECULAR CHAPERONES . . . . . . . . . . . 248 16.5 DNA STRUCTURE AS A GLOBAL REGULATORY MECHANISM ALLOWING A COORDINATE RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS . . . . 249 16.6 FUTURE PERSPECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 CONTENTS XVI 17 GENOME SEQUENCES OF THE HEAD-TAIL HALOVIRUSES HF1 AND HF2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 SEN-LIN TANG, CLARE FISHER, KATRINA NGUI, STEWART D. NUTTALL, MIKE L. DYALL-SMITH REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 18 REPORTER GENE SYSTEMS FOR HALOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS . . 263 CONSTANTIN DRAINAS 18.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 18.2 CONVENTIONAL GENE REPORTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 18.3 NON-CONVENTIONAL GENE REPORTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 18.4 GENE REPORTERS FOR MODERATELY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA . . . . . 266 18.4.1 USE OF INAZ AS A REPORTER IN MODERATELY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA 266 18.4.2 USE OF THE GFP GENE OF THE JELLY FISH AEQUOREA VICTORIIA AS A REPORTER IN CHROMOHALOBACTER SALIXIGENS . . . . . . . . . 268 18.5 GENE REPORTERS FOR HALOPHILIC ARCHEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 18.5.1 GENE REPORTER SYSTEMS IN MODERATELY HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA . 268 18.5.2 REPORTER GENE SYSTEMS IN EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC ARCHAEA . . 269 18.6 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 19 INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES: DO HALOPHILES AND ALKALIPHILES HAVE A ROLE TO PLAY? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 BRIAN E. JONES 19.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 19.2 INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 19.2.1 INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES: SAFE PRODUCTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 19.2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 19.3 LAUNDRY ENZYMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 19.4 TEXTILE ENZYMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 19.5 FUTURE PROSPECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 CONTENTS XVII 20 EXTRACELLULAR HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES PRODUCED BY MODERATELY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 E. MELLADO, C. SANCHEZ-PORRO, S. MARTIN, A. VENTOSA 20.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 20.2 MODERATELY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA AS A SOURCE OF EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 20.2.1 GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES: AMYLASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 20.2.2 PROTEASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 20.3 FUTURE PROSPECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 21 MODERATELY HALOPHILIC, EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE- PRODUCING BACTERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 EMILIA QUESADA, VICTORIA BEJAR, M. RITA FERRER, CONCEPCION CALVO, INMACULADA LLAMAS, FERNANDO MARTINEZ-CHECA, SOLEDAD ARIAS, CRISTINA RUIZ-GARCIA, RAFAEL PAEZ, M. JOSE MARTINEZ-CANOVAS, ANA DEL MORAL 21.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 21.1.1 MODERATELY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 21.1.2 MICROBIAL EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 21.2 STUDIES ON EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE-PRODUCING, HALOPHILIC BACTERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 21.2.1 ISOLATION OF STRAINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 21.2.2 TAXONOMY OF MODERATELY HALOPHILIC, EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE-PRODUCING BACTERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 21.2.3 EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 21.2.4 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES SYNTHESISED BY HALOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS . . . . . . . . . . 305 21.2.5 FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF THE EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES PRODUCED BY HALOMONAS EURIHALINA AND HALOMONAS MAURA 306 21.2.6 RECENT GENETIC STUDIES ON EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE-PRODUCING, HALOPHILIC BACTERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 21.3 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 CONTENTS XVIII 22 BIOTRANSFORMATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC AND INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS BY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA . . . . 315 BRENT M. PEYTON, MELANIE R. MORMILE, VICTOR ALVA, CELSO OIE, FRANCISCO ROBERTO, WILLIAM A. APEL, AHARON OREN 22.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 22.2 BIODEGRADATION AND BIOTRANSFORMATION OF CONTAMINANTS UNDER HYPERSALINE CONDITIONS * A LITERATURE REVIEW . . . . 316 22.2.1 BIOTRANSFORMATION OF HYDROCARBON CONTAMINANTS BY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 22.2.2 BIOTRANSFORMATION OF AROMATIC CONTAMINANTS BY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA, ARCHAEA, AND EUCARYA . . . . . . . . 320 22.2.3 BIOTRANSFORMATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS CONTAMINANTS BY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 22.2.4 TOLERANCE OF HALOPHILIC BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA TO INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 22.2.5 BIOTRANSFORMATION OF INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS BY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 22.3 DEGRADATION OF POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN GREAT SALT LAKE, UTAH, AND SOAP LAKE, WASHINGTON * RECENT RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 22.4 EPILOGUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 EPILOGUE CUM GRANO SALIS * SALT IN THE HISTORY AND LIFE OF MANKIND. AN OVERVIEW WITH EMPHASIS ON EUROPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 HANS G. TRUEPER SUBJECT INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 CONTENTS XIX
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spelling	Halophilic microorganisms Antonio Ventosa (ed.) Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2004 XXVII, 349 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Adaptation, Physiological Halobacteriales physiology Halomonadaceae physiology Halophilic microorganisms Sodium Chloride Halophiler Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4214550-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Halophiler Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4214550-8 s DE-604 Ventosa, Antonio Sonstige oth SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010402772&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Halophilic microorganisms Adaptation, Physiological Halobacteriales physiology Halomonadaceae physiology Halophilic microorganisms Sodium Chloride Halophiler Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4214550-8 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4214550-8 (DE-588)4143413-4
title	Halophilic microorganisms
title_auth	Halophilic microorganisms
title_exact_search	Halophilic microorganisms
title_full	Halophilic microorganisms Antonio Ventosa (ed.)
title_fullStr	Halophilic microorganisms Antonio Ventosa (ed.)
title_full_unstemmed	Halophilic microorganisms Antonio Ventosa (ed.)
title_short	Halophilic microorganisms
title_sort	halophilic microorganisms
topic	Adaptation, Physiological Halobacteriales physiology Halomonadaceae physiology Halophilic microorganisms Sodium Chloride Halophiler Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4214550-8 gnd
topic_facet	Adaptation, Physiological Halobacteriales physiology Halomonadaceae physiology Halophilic microorganisms Sodium Chloride Halophiler Mikroorganismus Aufsatzsammlung
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010402772&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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