Verfügbarkeit: Computer graphics with OpenGL

Computer graphics with OpenGL:

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Hearn, Donald (VerfasserIn), Baker, M. Pauline (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education 2004
Ausgabe:	3. ed., internat. ed.
Schlagworte:	OpenGL Computer graphics Computergrafik
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XXII, 857 S. Ill, graph. Darst.
ISBN:	0131202383

Internformat

MARC


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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Preface xix \|Q A Survey of Computer Graphics 2 1 1 Graphs and Charts 3 1 2 Computer Aided Design 5 1 3 Virtual Reality Environments 10 1 4 Data Visualizations 12 1 5 Education and Training 19 1 6 Computer Art 23 1 7 Entertainment 28 1 8 Image Processing 31 1 9 Graphical User Interfaces 32 1 10 Summary 33 References 33 H^H Overview of Graphics Systems 34 2 1 Video Display Devices 35 • Refresh Cathode Ray Tubes 36 • Raster Scan Displays 39 • Random Scan Displays 41 • Color CRT Monitors 42 • Flat Panel Displays 44 • Three Dimensional Viewing Devices 47 • Stereoscopic and Virtual Reality Systems 48 2 2 Raster Scan Systems 50 • Video Controller 50 • Raster Scan Display Processor 52 2 3 Graphics Workstations and Viewing Systems 54 2 4 Input Devices 57 • Keyboards, Button Boxes, and Dials 57 • Mouse Devices 57 • Trackballs and Spaceballs 59 • Joysticks 59 • Data Gloves 60 • Digitizers 60 • Image Scanners 62 • Touch Panels 64 • Light Pens 65 • Voice Systems 65 2 5 Hard Copy Devices 66 2 6 Graphics Networks 68 2 7 Graphics on the Internet 68 2 8 Graphics Software 69 • Coordinate Representations 69 • Graphics Functions 71 • Software Standards 72 • Other Graphics Packages 73 2 9 Introduction to OpenGL 73 • Basic OpenGL Syntax 74 • Related Libraries 74 • Header Files 75 • Display Window Management Using GLUT 76 • A Complete OpenGL Program 77 viii Contents 2 10 Summary 81 References 82 Exercises 82 ^^fl Graphics Output Primitives 84 3 1 Coordinate Reference Frames 86 • Screen Coordinates 86 • Absolute and Relative Coordinate Specifications 87 3 2 Specifying a Two Dimensional World Coordinate Reference Frame in OpenGL 87 3 3 OpenGL Point Functions 88 3 4 OpenGL Line Functions 91 3 5 Line Drawing Algorithms 92 • Line Equations 93 • DDA Algorithm 94 • Bresenham s Line Algorithm 95 • Displaying Polylines 99 3 6 Parallel Line Algorithms 99 3 7 Setting Frame Buffer Values 101 3 8 OpenGL Curve Functions 102 3 9 Circle Generating Algorithms 103 • Properties of Circles 103 • Midpoint Circle Algorithm 105 3 10 Ellipse Generating Algorithms 109 • Properties of Ellipses 109 • Midpoint Ellipse Algorithm 110 3 11 Other Curves 117 • Conic Sections 117 • Polynomials and Spline Curves 119 3 12 Parallel Curve Algorithms 119 3 13 Pixel Addressing and Object Geometry 120 • Screen Grid Coordinates 120 • Maintaining Geometric Properties of Displayed Objects 121 3 14 Fill Area Primitives 123 3 15 Polygon Fill Areas 124 • Polygon Classifications 124 • Identifying Concave Polygons 125 • Splitting Concave Polygons 125 • Splitting a Convex Polygon into a Set of Triangles 127 • Inside Outside Tests 127 • Polygon Tables 129 • Plane Equations 131 • Front and Back Polygon Faces 132 3 16 OpenGL Polygon Fill Area Functions 134 3 17 OpenGL Vertex Arrays 139 3 18 Pixel Array Primitives 142 3 19 OpenGL Pixel Array Functions 143 • OpenGL Bitmap Function 143 • OpenGL Pixmap Function 145 • OpenGL Raster Operations 146 3 20 Character Primitives 147 3 21 OpenGL Character Functions 149 3 22 Picture Partitioning 151 3 23 OpenGL Display Lists 151 • Creating and Naming an OpenGL Display List 151 • Executing OpenGL Display Lists 152 • Deleting OpenGL Display Lists 153 3 24 OpenGL Display Window Reshape Function 154 3 25 Summary 157 Example Programs 160 References 168 Exercises 168 ^^M Attributes of Graphics Primitives 172 4 1 OpenGL State Variables 174 4 2 Color and Gray Scale 174 • RGB Color Components 174 • Color Tables 175 • Grayscale 176 • Other Color Parameters 176 4 3 OpenGL Color Functions 177 • The OpenGL RGB and RGBA Color Modes 177 • OpenGL Color Index Mode 178 • OpenGL Color Blending 179 • OpenGL Color Arrays 180 • Other OpenGL Color Functions 182 4 4 Point Attributes 183 4 3 Line Attributes 183 • Line Width 183 • Line Style 185 • Pen and Brush Options 186 4 6 Curve Attributes 187 4 7 OpenGL Point Attribute Functions 189 4 8 OpenGL Line Attribute Functions 190 • OpenGL Line Width Function 190 • OpenGL Line Style Function 190 • Other OpenGL Line Fffects 192 4 9 Fill Area Attributes 193 • Fill Styles 193 • Color Blended Fill Regions 194 4 10 General Scan Line Polygon Fill Algorithm 196 4 11 Scan Line Fill of Convex Polygons 200 4 12 Scan Line Fill for Regions with Curved Boundaries 201 4 13 Fill Methods for Areas with Irregular Boundaries 201 • Boundary Fill Algorithm 201 • Flood Fill Algorithm 215 4 14 OpenGL Fill Area Attribute Functions 203 • OpenGL Fill Pattern Function 206 • OpenGL Texture and Interpolation Patterns 207 • OpenGL Wire Frame Methods 207 • OpenGL Front Face Function 210 4 13 Character Attributes 211 4 16 OpenGL Character Attribute Functions 213 4 17 Antialiasing 214 • Supersampling Straight Line Segments 215 • Subpixel Weighting Masks 217 • Area Sampling Straight Line Segments 217 • Filtering Techniques 217 • Pixel Phasing 218 • Compensating for Line Intensity Differences 218 • Antialiasing Area Boundaries 219 4 18 OpenGI Antialiasing; Functions 221 4 19 OpenCFQuen Functions 222 4 20 OpenGI Attribute Croups 223 4 21 Summary 224 References 226 Fxercises 227 ^1 Geometric Transformations 230 5 1 Basic Two Dimensional Geometric Transformations 232 • Two Dimensional Translation 232 • Two Dimensional Rotation 234 • Two Dimensional Scaling 23h 5 2 Matrix Representations and Homogeneous Coordinates 237 • Homogeneous coordinates 238 • Two Dimensional Translation Matrix 234 • Two Dimensional Rotation Matrix 239 • Two Dimensional Scaling Matrix 239 3 3 Inverse Transformations 240 5 4 Two Dimensional Composite Transformations 241 • Composite Two Dimensional Translations 241 • Composite Two Dimensional Rotations 241 • Composite Two Dimensional Scalings 242 • deneral Iwo Dimensional Pivot Point Rotation 242 • C.eneral Iwo Dimensional Fixed Point Scaling 243 • General Iwo Dimensional Scaling Directions 244 • Matrix Concatenation Properties 244 • General Two Dimensional Composite Transformations and Computational Efficiency 245 x Contents • Two Dimensional Rigid Body Transformation 247 • Constructing Two Dimensional Rotation Matrices 248 • Two Dimensional Composite Matrix Programming Example 248 5 5 Other Two Dimensional Transformations 253 • Reflection 253 • Shear 255 5 6 Raster Methods for Geometric Transformations 257 5 7 OpenGL Raster Transformations 258 5 8 Transformations Between Two Dimensional Coordinate Systems 259 5 9 Geometric Transformations in Three Dimensional Space 261 5 10 Three Dimensional Translation 262 5 11 Three Dimensional Rotation 263 • Three Dimensional Coordinate Axis Rotations 264 • General Three Dimensional Rotations 266 • Quaternion Methods for Three Dimensional Rotations 272 5 12 Three Dimensional Scaling 275 5 13 Composite Three Dimensional Transformations 278 5 14 Other Three Dimensional Transformations 281 • Three Dimensional Reflections 281 • Three Dimensional Shears 281 5 15 Transformations Between Three Dimensional Coordinate Systems 282 5 16 Affine Transformations 283 5 17 OpenGL Geometric Transformation Functions 283 • Basic OpenGL Geometric Transformations 284 • OpenGL Matrix Operations 285 • OpenGL Matrix Stacks 287 • OpenGL Geometric Transformation Programming Examples 288 5 18 Summary 291 References 293 Exercises 293 ^^fl Two Dimensional ^^ Viewing 296 6 1 The Two Dimensional Viewing Pipeline 297 6 2 The Clipping Window 299 • Viewing Coordinate Clipping Window 300 • World Coordinate Clipping Window 300 6 3 Normalization and Viewport Transformations 301 • Mapping the Clipping Window into a Normalized Viewport 301 • Mapping the Clipping Window into a Normalized Square 303 • Display of Character Strings 305 • Split Screen Effects and Multiple Output Devices 305 6 4 OpenGL Two Dimensional Viewing Functions 305 • OpenGL Projection Mode 306 • GLU Clipping Window Function 306 • OpenGL Viewport Function 307 • Creating a GLUT Display Window 307 • Setting the GLUT Display Window Mode and Color 308 • GLUT Display Window Identifier 309 • Deleting a GLUT Display Window 309 • Current GLUT Display Window 309 • Relocating and Resizing a GLUT Display Window 309 • Managing Multiple GLUT Display Windows 310 • GLUT Subwindows 311 • Selecting a Display Window Screen Cursor Shape 311 • Viewing Graphics Objects in a GLUT Display Window 3H • Executing the Application Program 312 • Other GLUT Functions 312 • OpenGL Two Dimensional Viewing Program Example 313 6 5 Clipping Algorithms 315 6 6 Two Dimensional Point Clipping 315 6 7 Two Dimensional Line Clipping 316 • Cohen Sutherland Line Clipping 317 • Liang Barsky Line Clipping 322 • Nichol Lee Nichol Line Clipping 325 • Line Clipping Using Nonrectangular Polygon Clip Windows 328 • Line Clipping Using Nonlinear Clipping Window Boundaries 329 6 8 Polygon Fill Area Clipping 329 • Sutherland Hodgman Polygon Clipping 331 • Weiler Atherton Polygon Clipping 335 • Polygon Clipping Using Nonrectangular Polygon Clip Windows 337 • Polygon Clipping Using Nonlinear Clipping Window Boundaries 338 6 9 Curve Clipping 338 6 10 Text Clipping 339 6 11 Summary 340 References 342 Exercises 343 7Three Dimensional Viewing 344 7 1 Overview of Three Dimensional Viewing Concepts 345 • Viewing a Three Dimensional Scene 345 • Projections 346 • Depth Cueing 346 • Identifying Visible Lines and Surfaces 347 • Surface Rendering 348 • Exploded and Cutaway Views 348 • Three Dimensional and Stereoscopic Viewing 348 7 2 The Three Dimensional Viewing Pipeline 348 7 3 Three Dimensional Viewing Coordinate Parameters 351 • The View Plane Normal Vector 351 Contents xi • The View Up Vector 352 • The uvn Viewing Coordinate Reference Frame 353 • Generating Three Dimensional Viewing Effects 353 7 4 Transformation from World to Viewing Coordinates 355 7 5 Projection Transformations 356 7 6 Orthogonal Projections 357 • Axonometric and Isometric Orthogonal Projections 358 • Orthogonal Projection Coordinates 358 • Clipping Window and Orthogonal Projection View Volume 359 • Normalization Transformation for an Orthogonal Projection 360 7 7 Oblique Parallel Projections 362 • Oblique Parallel Projections in Drafting and Design 362 • Cavalier and Cabinet Oblique Parallel Projections 364 • Oblique Parallel Projection Vector 364 • Clipping Window and Oblique Parallel Projection View Volume 366 • Oblique Parallel Projection Transformation Matrix 366 • Normalization Transformation for an Oblique Parallel Projection 367 7 8 Perspective Projections 368 • Perspective Projection Transformation Coordinates 368 • Perspective Projection Equations: Special Cases 369 • Vanishing Points for Perspective Projections 370 • Perspective Projection View Volume 371 • Perspective Projection Transformation Matrix 373 • Symmetric Perspective Projection Frustum 374 • Oblique Perspective Projection Frustum 378 • Normalized Perspective Projection Transformation Coordinates 380 7 9 The Viewport Transformation and Three Dimensional Screen Coordinates 382 xii Contents 7 10 OpenGL Three Dimensional Viewing Functions 383 • OpenGL Viewing Transformation Function 383 • OpenGL Orthogonal Projection Function 384 • OpenGL Symmetric Perspective Projection Function 386 • OpenGL General Perspective Projection Function 386 • OpenGL Viewports and Display Windows 387 • OpenGL Three Dimensional Viewing Program Example 387 7 11 Three Dimensional Clipping Algorithms 389 • Clipping in Three Dimensional Homogeneous Coordinates 389 • Three Dimensional Region Codes 390 • Three Dimensional Point and Line Clipping 391 • Three Dimensional Polygon Clipping 394 • Three Dimensional Curve Clipping 395 • Arbitrary Clipping Planes 395 7 12 OpenGL Optional Clipping Planes 397 7 13 Summary 398 References 400 Exercises 400 8Three Dimensional Object Representations 402 8 1 Polyhedra 404 8 2 OpenGL Polyhedron Functions 404 • OpenGL Polygon Fill Area Functions 404 • GLUT Regular Polyhedron Functions 404 • Example GLUT Polyhedron Program 406 8 3 Curved Surfaces 408 8 4 Quadric Surfaces 408 • Sphere 408 • Ellipsoid 408 • Torus 409 8 5 Superquadrics 410 • Superellipse 410 • Superellipsoid 411 8 6 OpenGL Quadric Surface and Cubic Surface Functions 411 • GLUT Quadric Surface Functions 412 • GLUT Cubic Surface Teapot Function 413 • GLU Quadric Surface Functions 414 • Example Program Using GLUT and GLU Quadric Surface Functions 416 8 7 Blobby Objects 418 8 8 Spline Representations 420 • Interpolation and Approximation Splines 420 • Parametric Continuity Conditions 421 • Geometric Continuity Conditions 422 • Spline Specifications 423 • Spline Surfaces 424 • Trimming Spline Surfaces 424 8 9 Cubic Spline Interpolation Methods 425 • Natural Cubic Splines 426 • Hermite Interpolation 426 • Cardinal Splines 429 • Kochanek Bartels Splines 431 8 10 Bezier Spline Curves 432 • Bezier Curve Equations 433 • Example Bezier Curve Generating Program 435 • Properties of Bezier Curves 437 • Design Techniques Using Bezier Curves 438 • Cubic Bezier Curves 439 8 11 Bezier Surfaces 441 8 12 B Spline Curves 442 • B Spline Curve Equations 442 • Uniform Periodic B Spline Curves 444 • Cubic Periodic B Spline Curves 447 • Open Uniform B Spline Curves 448 • Nonuniform B Spline Curves 451 8 13 B Spline Surfaces 452 8 14 Beta Splines 452 • Beta Spline Continuity Conditions 452 • Cubic Periodic Beta Spline Matrix Representation 453 8 15 Rational Splines 454 8 16 Conversion Between Spline Representations 456 8 17 Displaying Spline Curves and Surfaces 457 • Horner sRule 457 • Forward Difference Calculations 458 • Subdivision Methods 459 8 18 OpenGL Approximation Spline Functions 461 • OpenGL Bezier Spline Curve Functions 462 • OpenGL Bezier Spline Surface Functions 465 • GLU B Spline Curve Functions 467 • GLU B Spline Surface Functions 469 • GLU Surface Trimming Functions 471 8 19 Sweep Representations 473 8 20 Constructive Solid Geometry Methods 474 8 21 Octrees 476 8 22 BSP Trees 479 8 23 Fractal Geometry Methods 479 • Fractal Generation Procedures 481 • Classification of Fractals 481 • Fractal Dimension 482 • Geometric Construction of Deterministic Self Similar Fractals 484 • Geometric Construction of Statistically Self Similar Fractals 487 • Affine Fractal Construction Methods 489 • Random Midpoint Displacement Methods 490 • Controlling Terrain Topography 493 • Self Squaring Fractals 495 • Self Inverse Fractals 506 8 24 Shape Grammars and Other Procedural Methods 507 8 25 Particle Systems 510 8 26 Physically Based Modeling 511 8 27 Visualization of Data Sets 514 • Visual Representations for Scalar Fields 514 Contents xiii • Visual Representations for Vector Fields 517 • Visual Representations for Tensor Fields 519 • Visual Representations for Multivariate Data Fields 520 8 28 Summary 521 References 524 Exercises 525 ES Visible Surface Detection 9 Methods 528 9 1 Classification of Visible Surface Detection Algorithms 529 9 2 Back Face Detection 530 9 3 Depth Buffer Method 531 9 4 A Buffer Method 534 9 5 Scan Line Method 535 9 6 Depth Sorting Method 537 9 7 BSP Tree Method 540 9 8 Area Subdivision Method 541 9 9 Octree Methods 543 9 10 Ray Casting Method 544 9 11 Comparison of Visibility Detection Methods 545 9 12 Curved Surfaces 545 • Curved Surface Representations 546 • Surface Contour Plots 546 9 13 Wire Frame Visibility Methods 547 • Wire Frame Surface Visibility Algorithms 547 • Wire Frame Depth Cueing Algorithm 548 9 14 OpenGL Visibility Detection Functions 549 • OpenGL Polygon Culling Functions 549 • OpenGL Depth Buffer Functions 549 • OpenGL Wire Frame Surface Visibility Methods 551 • OpenGL Depth Cueing Function 552 9 15 Summary 552 References 553 Exercises 554 xiv Contents ^^J Illumination Models and Surface Rendering Methods 556 10 1 Light Sources 558 • Point Light Sources 558 • Infinitely Distant Light Sources 559 • Radial Intensity Attenuation 559 • Directional Light Sources and Spotlight Effects 560 • Angular Intensity Attenuation 561 • Extended Light Sources and the Warn Model 562 10 2 Surface Lighting Effects 563 10 3 Basic Illumination Models 563 • Ambient Light 563 • Diffuse Reflection 564 • Specular Reflection and the Phong Model 567 • Combined Diffuse and Specular Reflections 571 • Diffuse and Specular Reflections from Multiple Light Sources 571 • Surface Light Emissions 571 • Basic Illumination Model with Intensity Attenuation and Spotlights 573 • RGB Color Considerations 573 • Other Color Representations 575 • Luminance 575 10 4 Transparent Surfaces 576 • Translucent Materials 576 • Light Refraction 577 • Basic Transparency Model 578 10 5 Atmospheric Effects 579 10 6 Shadows 580 10 7 Camera Parameters 581 10 8 Displaying Light Intensities 581 • Distributing System Intensity Levels 581 • Gamma Correction and Video Lookup Tables 582 • Displaying Continuous Tone Images 584 10 9 Halftone Patterns and Dithering Techniques 585 • Halftone Approximations 585 • Dithering Techniques 588 10 10 Polygon Rendering Methods 591 • Constant Intensity Surface Rendering 591 • Gouraud Surface Rendering 592 • Phong Surface Rendering 595 • Fast Phong Surface Rendering 595 10 11 Ray Tracing Methods 597 • Basic Ray Tracing Algorithm 597 • Ray Surface Intersection Calculations 601 • Ray Sphere Intersections 602 • Ray Polyhedron Intersections 603 • Reducing Object Intersection Calculations 604 • Space Subdivision Methods 605 • Simulating Camera Focusing Effects 607 • Antialiased Ray Tracing 610 • Distributed Ray Tracing 612 10 12 Radiosity Lighting Model 615 • Radiant Energy Terms 616 • The Basic Radiosity Model 616 • Progressive Refinement Radiosity Method 620 10 13 Environment Mapping 623 10 14 Photon Mapping 624 10 15 Adding Surface Detail 625 10 16 Modeling Surface Detail with Polygons 627 10 17 Texture Mapping 628 • Linear Texture Patterns 628 • Surface Texture Patterns 629 • Volume Texture Patterns 632 • Texture Reduction Patterns 633 • Procedural Texturing Methods 633 10 18 Bump Mapping 634 10 19 Frame Mapping 637 10 20 OpenGL Illumination and Surface Rendering Functions 637 • OpenGL Point Light Source Function 637 • Specifying an OpenGL Light Source Position and Type 63o • Specifying OpenGL Light Source Colors 639 • Specifying Radial Intensity Attenuation Coefficients for an OpenGL Light Source 639 • OpenGL Directional Light Sources (Spotlights) 640 • OpenGL Global Lighting Parameters 641 • OpenGL Surface Property Function 642 • OpenGL Illumination Model 643 • OpenGL Atmospheric Effects 644 • OpenGL Transparency Functions 645 • OpenGL Surface Rendering Functions 646 • OpenGL Halftoning Operations 647 10 21 OpenGL Texture Functions 648 • OpenGL Line Texture Functions 648 • OpenGL Surface Texture Functions 651 • OpenGL Volume Texture Functions 653 • OpenGL Color Options for Texture Patterns 653 • OpenGL Texture Mapping Options 654 • OpenGL Texture Wrapping 655 • Copying OpenGL Texture Patterns from the Frame Buffer 655 • OpenGL Texture Coordinate Arrays 655 • Naming OpenGL Texture Patterns 656 • OpenGL Texture Subpatterns 657 • OpenGL Texture Reduction Patterns 657 • OpenGL Texture Borders 658 • OpenGL Proxy Textures 659 • Automatic Texturing of Quadric Surfaces 659 • Homogeneous Texture Coordinates 659 • Additional OpenGL Texture Options 660 10 22 Summary 660 References 664 Exercises 665 11 Interactive Input Methods and Graphical User Interfaces 668 11 1 Graphical Input Data 669 11 2 Logical Classification of Input Devices 669 • Locator Devices 670 • Stroke Devices 670 • String Devices 670 Contents xv • Valuator Devices 671 • Choice Devices 671 • Pick Devices 672 11 3 Input Functions for Graphical Data 673 • Input Modes 674 • Echo Feedback 674 • Callback Functions 674 11 4 Interactive Picture Construction Techniques 675 • Basic Positioning Methods 675 • Dragging 675 • Constraints 675 • Grids 676 • Rubber Band Methods 676 • Gravity Field 677 • Interactive Painting and Drawing Methods 678 11 5 Virtual Reality Environments 679 11 6 OpenGL Interactive Input Device Functions 679 • GLUT Mouse Functions 680 • GLUT Keyboard Functions 684 • GLUT Tablet Functions 689 • GLUT Spaceball Functions 689 • GLUT Button Box Function 690 • GLUT Dials Function 690 • OpenGL Picking Operations 690 11 7 OpenGL Menu Functions 696 • Creating a GLUT Menu 696 • Creating and Managing Multiple GLUT Menus 699 • Creating GLUT Submenus 700 • Modifying GLUT Menus 703 11 8 Designing a Graphical User Interface 703 • The User Dialogue 703 • Windows and Icons 704 • Accommodating Multiple Skill Levels 704 • Consistency 705 • Minimizing Memorization 705 • Backup and Error Handling 705 • Feedback 705 11 9 Summary 706 References 709 Exercises 709 xvi Contents 12 Color Models and Color Applications 712 12 1 Properties of Light 713 • The Electromagnetic Spectrum 713 • Psychological Characteristics of Color 715 12 2 Color Models 716 • Primary Colors 716 • Intuitive Color Concepts 716 12 3 Standard Primaries and the Chroma ticity Diagram 717 • The XYZ Color Model 717 • Normalized XYZ Values 718 • The CIE Chromaticity Diagram 718 • Color Gamuts 719 • Complementary Colors 719 • Dominant Wavelength 719 • Purity 720 12 4 The RGB Color Model 720 12 5 The YIQ and Related Color Models 722 • The YIQ Parameters 722 • Transformations Between RGB and YIQ Color Spaces 722 • The YUV YCrCb Systems 723 12 6 The CMY and CMYK Color Models 723 • The CMY Parameters 723 • Transformations Between CMY and RGB Color Spaces 724 12 7 The HSV Color Model 724 • The HSV Parameters 724 • Selecting Shades, Tints, and Tones 726 • Transformations Between HSV and RGB Color Spaces 726 12 8 The HLS Color Model 728 12 9 Color Selection and Applications 728 12 10 Summary 730 References 731 Exercises 731 13 Computer Animation 732 13 1 Raster Methods for Computer Animation 734 • Double Buffering 734 • Generating Animations Using Raster Operations 735 13 2 Design of Animation Sequences 735 13 3 Traditional Animation Techniques 737 13 4 General Computer Animation Functions 737 13 5 Computer Animation Languages 738 13 6 Key Frame Systems 739 • Morphing 739 • Simulating Accelerations 742 13 7 Motion Specifications 745 • Direct Motion Specification 745 • Goal Directed Systems 745 • Kinematics and Dynamics 746 13 8 Articulated Figure Animation 747 13 9 Periodic Motions 748 13 10 OpenGL Animation Procedures 749 13 11 Summary 752 References 754 Exercises 754 14 Hierarchical Modeling 756 14 1 Basic Modeling Concepts 757 • System Representations 757 • Symbol Hierarchies 759 14 2 Modeling Packages 760 14 3 General Hierarchical Modeling Methods 762 • Local Coordinates 763 • Modeling Transformations 763 • Creating Hierarchical Structures 763 14 4 Hierarchical Modeling Using OpenGL Display Lists 765 14 5 Summary 765 References 766 Exercises 766 15 Graphics File Formats 768 15 1 Image File Configurations 769 15 2 Color Reduction Methods 770 • Uniform Color Reduction 770 • Popularity Color Reduction 771 • Median Cut Color Reduction 771 15 3 File Compression Techniques 771 • Run Length Encoding 772 • LZW Encoding 772 • Other Pattern Recognition Compression Methods 773 • Huffman Encoding 773 • Arithmetic Encoding 776 • Discrete Cosine Transform 776 15 4 Composition of the Major File Formats 778 • JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group 779 • CGM: Computer Graphics Metafile Format 780 • TIFF: Tag Image File Format 781 • PNG: Portable Network Graphics Format 781 • XBM: X Window System Bitmap Format XPM: X Window System Pixmap Format 781 • Adobe Photoshop Format 782 • MacPaint: Macintosh Paint Format 782 • PICT: Picture Data Format 782 • BMP: Bitmap Format 782 • PCX: PC Paintbrush File Format 783 • TGA: Truevision Graphics Adapter Format 783 • GIF: Graphics Interchange Format 783 15 5 Summary 783 References 784 Exercises 784 ^^J Mathematics for Computer Graphics 787 A l Coordinate Reference Frames 787 • Two Dimensional Cartesian Screen Coordinates 787 • Standard Two Dimensional Cartesian Reference Frames 788 • Polar Coordinates in the xy Plane 788 Contents xvii • Standard Three Dimensional Cartesian Reference Frames 789 • Three Dimensional Cartesian Screen Coordinates 790 • Three Dimensional Curvilinear Coordinate Systems 790 • Solid Angle 791 A 2 Points and Vectors 792 • Point Properties 792 • Vector Properties 792 • Vector Addition and Scalar Multiplication 794 • Scalar Product of Two Vectors 794 • Vector Product of Two Vectors 795 A 3 Tensors 796 A 4 Basis Vectors and the Metric Tensor 796 • Determining Basis Vectors for a Coordinate Space 796 • Orthonormal Basis 797 • Metric Tensor 798 A 5 Matrices 799 • Scalar Multiplication and Matrix Addition 800 • Matrix Multiplication 800 • Matrix Transpose 801 • Determinant of a Matrix 801 • Matrix Inverse 802 A 6 Complex Numbers 802 • Basic Complex Arithmetic 803 • Imaginary Unit 803 • Complex Conjugate and Modulus of a Complex Number 804 • Complex Division 804 • Polar Coordinate Representation for a Complex Number 805 A 7 Quaternions 805 A 8 Nonparametric Representations 807 A 9 Parametric Representations 807 A 10 Rate of Change Operators 808 • Gradient Operator 809 • Directional Derivative 809 • General Form of the Gradient Operator 810 • Laplace Operator 810 • Divergence Operator 810 • Curl Operator 811 xviii Contents A ll Rate of Change Integral Transformation Theorems 811 • Stokes s Theorem 811 • Green s Theorem for a Plane Surface 812 • Divergence Theorem 813 • Green s Transformation Equations 814 A 12 Area and Centroid of a Polygon 814 • Area of a Polygon 814 • Centroid of a Polygon 815 A 13 Calculating Properties of Polyhedra 817 A 14 Numerical Methods 817 • Solving Sets of Linear Equations 817 • Finding Roots of Nonlinear Equations 819 • Evaluating Integrals 820 • Solving Ordinary Differential Equations 822 • Solving Partial Differential Equations 824 • Least Squares Curve Fitting Methods for Data Sets 825 Bibliography 827 Subject Index 839 OpenGL Function Index 856 • Core Library Functions 856 • GLU Functions 857 • GLUT Functions 857
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id	DE-604.BV017253060
illustrated	Illustrated
indexdate	2024-07-09T19:15:44Z
institution	BVB
isbn	0131202383
language	English
lccn	2003054898
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010399370
oclc_num	223678977
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-92 DE-29T DE-B768 DE-2070s
owner_facet	DE-92 DE-29T DE-B768 DE-2070s
physical	XXII, 857 S. Ill, graph. Darst.
publishDate	2004
publishDateSearch	2004
publishDateSort	2004
publisher	Pearson Education
record_format	marc
spelling	Hearn, Donald Verfasser aut Computer graphics with OpenGL Donald Hearn ; M. Pauline Baker 3. ed., internat. ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education 2004 XXII, 857 S. Ill, graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier OpenGL Computer graphics Computergrafik (DE-588)4010450-3 gnd rswk-swf OpenGL (DE-588)4391716-1 gnd rswk-swf Computergrafik (DE-588)4010450-3 s OpenGL (DE-588)4391716-1 s 1\p DE-604 Baker, M. Pauline Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010399370&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk
spellingShingle	Hearn, Donald Baker, M. Pauline Computer graphics with OpenGL OpenGL Computer graphics Computergrafik (DE-588)4010450-3 gnd OpenGL (DE-588)4391716-1 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4010450-3 (DE-588)4391716-1
title	Computer graphics with OpenGL
title_auth	Computer graphics with OpenGL
title_exact_search	Computer graphics with OpenGL
title_full	Computer graphics with OpenGL Donald Hearn ; M. Pauline Baker
title_fullStr	Computer graphics with OpenGL Donald Hearn ; M. Pauline Baker
title_full_unstemmed	Computer graphics with OpenGL Donald Hearn ; M. Pauline Baker
title_short	Computer graphics with OpenGL
title_sort	computer graphics with opengl
topic	OpenGL Computer graphics Computergrafik (DE-588)4010450-3 gnd OpenGL (DE-588)4391716-1 gnd
topic_facet	OpenGL Computer graphics Computergrafik
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010399370&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT hearndonald computergraphicswithopengl AT bakermpauline computergraphicswithopengl

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