Paget's law of banking:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Butterworths
2003
|
| Ausgabe: | 12. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | CXVI, 830 S. |
| ISBN: | 0406913439 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804130103394828292 |
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| adam_text | IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
TRIBUTE TO SIR JOHN PAGET V
PREFACE VII
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IX
TABLE OF STATUTES XXXIX
TABLE OF STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS LIII
TABLE OF CASES LIX
PARTI
THE STATUTORY FRAMEWORK
CHAPTER 1
THE FINANCIAL SERVICES AND MARKETS ACT 2000
1 INTRODUCTION 3
2 THE BANKING ACT 1987 4
(A) COMMENCEMENT AND BACKGROUND 4
(B) THE IMPACT OF EUROPEAN LAW 4
(C) SCOPE OF THE ACT 5
3 KEY DEFINITIONS OF THE FSMA 2000 5
4 REGULATION OF DEPOSIT-TAKING BUSINESS 7
(A) THE AUTHORITY S DUTY OF SUPERVISION 7
(I) POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE AUTHORITY 7
(II) THE DEMISE OF THE BOARD OF BANKING SUPERVISION 7
(B) RESTRICTION ON ACCEPTANCE OF DEPOSITS 8
(I) EXEMPTED PERSONS 8
(II) EXEMPTED TRANSACTIONS 9
(III) MEANING OF DEPOSIT 9
(IV) MEANING OF DEPOSIT-TAKING BUSINESS 9
(C) AUTHORISATION AND PT IV PERMISSION 10
(I) GRANT OF AUTHORISATION AND PT IV PERMISSION 10
(II) WITHDRAWAL OF AUTHORISATION AND CANCELLATION OF PERMISSION 11 (III)
RESTRICTION OF AUTHORISATION AND VARIATION OF PERMISSION 12 (IV) EEA AND
TREATY FIRMS 13
IMAGE 2
XII CONTENTS
(V) NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES 14
(VI) DIRECTIONS 15
(VII) APPEALS 15
(D) OBJECTIONS TO CONTROLLERS 16
(E) INVITATIONS TO MAKE DEPOSITS 18
(F) INFORMATION 19
(I) POWERS TO OBTAIN INFORMATION AND DOCUMENTS 19
(II) RIGHT TO ENTER PREMISES 20
(G) INVESTIGATIONS 20
(H) CONSEQUENCES OF UNAUTHORISED ACCEPTANCE OF DEPOSITS 21
5 THE FINANCIAL SERVICES COMPENSATION SCHEME LIMITED 22 (A) THE SCHEME
22
(B) ELIGIBLE CLAIMANT 22
(C) RELEVANT PERSON 23
(D) PROTECTED CLAIM 23
(E) PROTECTED DEPOSIT 24
(F) LIMITS ON COMPENSATION PAYABLE BY THE FSCS 24
6 BANKING NAMES AND DESCRIPTIONS 24
(A) RESTRICTION ON USE OF BANKING NAMES UNDER THE BA 1987 24
(B) RESTRICTION ON USE OF BANKING DESCRIPTIONS UNDER THE BA 1987 25 (C)
POWER TO OBJECT TO NOTIFIED NAME 26
7 OVERSEAS INSTITUTIONS WITH REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES 26 8 RESTRICTION ON
DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION 26 9 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 28
(A) WINDING UP ON THE PETITION OF THE AUTHORITY 28
(B) INJUNCTIONS RELATING TO CONTRAVENTIONS 28
(C) NOTICES 28
(D) CRIMINAL LIABILITY 29
(E) TREASURY S POWERS TO MAKE ORDERS AND REGULATIONS 29
CHAPTER 2
THE CONSUMER CREDIT ACT 1974
1 INTRODUCTION 31
2 THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF FAIR TRADING 32
3 REGULATED AGREEMENTS 32
(A) REGULATED CONSUMER CREDIT AGREEMENT 32
(I) DEBTOR AN INDIVIDUAL 33
(II) CREDIT 33
(III) RUNNING-ACCOUNT/FIXED-SUM CREDIT 33
(IV) THE 25,000 FINANCIAL LIMIT 34
(B) CATEGORIES OF CONSUMER CREDIT AGREEMENT 34
(I) RESTRICTED-USE/UNRESTRICTED-USE CREDIT AGREEMENTS 34 (II)
DEBTOR-CREDITOR-SUPPLIER AGREEMENT 35
(III) DEBTOR-CREDITOR AGREEMENT 35
(IV) CREDIT-TOKEN AGREEMENT 36
(C) REGULATED CONSUMER HIRE AGREEMENT 36
(D) EXEMPT AGREEMENT 36
(E) MULTIPLE AGREEMENTS 37
(F) LINKED TRANSACTIONS 37
(G) THE TOTAL CHARGE FOR CREDIT 38
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS XIII
LICENSING 39
(A) WHEN A LICENCE IS REQUIRED 39
(I) CARRYING ON BUSINESS 39
(II) CONSUMER CREDIT/HIRE BUSINESS 39
(III) ANCILLARY CREDIT BUSINESS: CREDIT-BROKERAGE 39
(IV) ANCILLARY CREDIT BUSINESS: CREDIT REFERENCE AGENCIES 40 (V) OTHER
ANCILLARY CREDIT BUSINESS 40
(B) LICENCES AVAILABLE 41
(C) THE DIRECTOR S LICENSING POWERS 42
(D) LICENSING APPEALS 42
(E) UNLICENSED TRADING 43
(I) CRIMINAL PENALTIES 43
(II) EFFECT ON AGREEMENTS 43
SEEKING BUSINESS 44
(A) ADVERTISING 44
(I) THE MEANING OF ADVERTISEMENT AND PUBLISH 44
(II) ADVERTISEMENTS NOT COVERED 44
(III) ADVERTISING OFFENCES 45
(B) QUOTATIONS 46
(C) CANVASSING 46
FORMALITIES 46
(A) UNSECURED LOANS 47
(I) CATEGORY OF CREDIT AGREEMENT 47
(II) CANCELLATION 47
(III) DOCUMENTATION 49
(IV) INFORMATION 50
(V) PAYMENTS AND EARLY SETTLEMENT 51
(VI) VARIATION 52
(VII) DEFAULT, ENFORCEMENT AND TERMINATION 53
(B) HOME LOANS 55
(C) OTHER SECURED LOANS. 55
(I) CANCELLATION 56
(II) DOCUMENTATION 56
(III) INFORMATION AND EARLY SETTLEMENT 57
(IV) DEFAULT, ENFORCEMENT AND TERMINATION 57
(V) PLEDGES 58
(D) OVERDRAFTS 59
(I) CATEGORY OF CREDIT AGREEMENT 59
(II) CANCELLATION AND DOCUMENTATION 60
(III) VARIATION 60
(IV) DEFAULT AND ENFORCEMENT 60
(E) CREDIT CARDS 61
(I) CATEGORY OF AGREEMENT 61
(II) DOCUMENTATION 61
(III) CANCELLATION 62
(IV) LIABILITY FOR USE OF THE CARD 62
(F) DEBIT CARDS 63
(G) CHARGE CARDS 64
(H) CHEQUE CARDS 64
CONNECTED LENDER LIABILITY 64
(A) SECTION 56 64
(B) SECTION 75 65
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XIV CONTENTS
8 ENFORCEMENT OF NON-COMPLIANT AGREEMENTS 67 (A) WHEN A COURT ORDER IS
REQUIRED 67
(B) THE RELEVANT COURT 68
(C) CASES IN WHICH NO COURT ORDER CAN BE MADE 68
(D) CASES IN WHICH AN ORDER CAN BE MADE 69
(E) EFFECT ON SECURITY 70
9 OTHER COURT POWERS 70
(A) TIME ORDERS 70
(B) ORDERS AFFECTING PROPERTY 71
(C) SUPPLEMENTAL PROVISIONS IN ORDERS 71
(D) EXTORTIONATE CREDIT BARGAINS 72
(I) AGREEMENTS WHICH MAY BE RE-OPENED 72
(II) THE MEANING OF EXTORTIONATE 72
(III) THE APPLICATION TO RE-OPEN THE AGREEMENT 74
(IV) ORDERS THE COURT CAN MAKE 74
10 ENFORCEMENT OF THE CCA 1974 75
(A) ENFORCEMENT POWERS 75
(B) ENFORCEMENT OFFENCES 76
(C) STATUTORY DEFENCES 76
(D) SUPPLEMENTAL PROVISIONS AS TO OFFENCES 77
CHAPTER 3
THE COMPANIES ACT 1985
1 INTRODUCTION 79
2 DISCLOSURE OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN SHARES 79 3 LOANS ETC, TO
DIRECTORS AND CONNECTED PERSONS 80 (A) EXCEPTION IN RESPECT OF LOANS ETC
(OTHER THAN HOUSING LOANS) 80 (B) HOUSING LOANS ETC 81
4 ACCOUNTS OF BANKING COMPANIES 81
CHAPTER 4
MONEY LAUNDERING LEGISLATION
1 THE EC DIRECTIVE 83
2 THE FSMA 2000 85
3 THE DRUG TRAFFICKING ACT 1994 ( DTA 1994 ) 86
(A) DTA 1994, S 50: ENTERING INTO ARRANGEMENTS TO RETAIN PROCEEDS OF
DRUG TRAFFICKING 86
(I) SUBSECTION (4)(A) 88
(II) SUBSECTION (4)(B) 88
(III) SUBSECTIONS (3) AND (4)(C) 88
(B) DTA 1994, S 52: REPORTING SUSPICIONS OF DRUG MONEY LAUNDERING 88 (C)
DTA 1994, S 53: TIPPING OFF. 91
4 THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT 1988 92
5 THE ANTI-TERRORIST LEGISLATION 95
6 THE MONEY LAUNDERING REGULATIONS 1993 96
(A) IDENTIFICATION 97
(B) RECORD-KEEPING PROCEDURES 98
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS XV
(C) INTERNAL REPORTING PROCEDURES 98
(D) STAFFTRAINING 99
CHAPTER 5
LEGISLATION APPLYING TO PARTICULAR INSTITUTIONS
1 TRUSTEE SAVINGS BANK ACT 1985 101
2 NATIONAL SAVINGS BANK ACT 1971 102
3 BUILDING SOCIETIES ACT 1986 102
PART II
THE RELATION OF BANKER AND CUSTOMER
CHAPTER 6
BANKERS AND CUSTOMERS
1 RELEVANCE OF THE COMMON LAW MEANING OF BANKER AND BANKING BUSINESS 107
2 THE COMMON LAW MEANING 107
3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COMMON LAW AND THE STATUTE 109
4 THE CUSTOMER 110
CHAPTER 7
RELATIONSHIP OF BANKER AND CUSTOMER
1 INTRODUCTION 115
2 THE BANKING CODE 116
3 THE GENERAL CONTRACT 117
(A) DEFINITION 117
(B) DEMAND NECESSARY 118
(C) ONE CONTRACT 118
4 IMPLIED DUTIES 119
(A) DUTIES OF CARE 119
(I) DUTIES OF CARE OWED BY BANK TO CUSTOMER 119
(II) DUTIES OF CARE OWED BY CUSTOMER TO BANK 120
(B) OTHER DUTIES 121
5 BUSINESS DAYS AND HOURS 121
(A) DAYS OF BUSINESS 121
(B) HOURS OF BUSINESS 122
6 TERMINATION 122
7 LIMITATION OF ACTIONS 123
(A) CREDIT BALANCES IN FAVOUR OF CUSTOMER 123
(B) CONTRACTS OF LOAN 123
(C) OVERDRAFTS 124
8 PROPER LAW 124
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XVI CONTENTS
CHAPTER 8
CONFIDENTIALITY, BANKERS REFERENCES AND ADVICE ON
INVESTMENTS
1 THE BANKER S DUTY OF CONFIDENTIALITY 127
(A) NATURE OF THE DUTY 127
(I) THE DUTY IN GENERAL 127
(II) COMMENCEMENT AND DURATION OF THE DUTY 128
(B) THE FOUR HEADS 128
(I) COMPULSION BY LAW 128
(II) DUTY TO PUBLIC 128
(III) THE BANK S INTEREST 129
(IV) AUTHORISED DISCLOSURE 129
(C) DISCLOSURE TO OTHER GROUP COMPANIES 130
(I) DISCLOSURE FOR MARKETING PURPOSES 130
(II) DISCLOSURE TO PROTECT GROUP COMPANIES 130
(D) DISCLOSURE TO TRUSTEES IN BANKRUPTCY 131
2 BANK REFERENCES 131
(A) LIABILITY TO PARTY TO WHOM A REFERENCE IS SUPPLIED 132
(I) NEGLIGENCE - HEDLEY BYRNE V HELLER & PARTNERS 132
(II) DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY FOR NEGLIGENCE 134
(III) FRAUDULENT MISREPRESENTATION 134
(B) LIABILITY TO CUSTOMER ABOUT WHOM INFORMATION IS GIVEN 135 3 ADVISING
ON INVESTMENTS 136
CHAPTER 9
SAFE CUSTODY
1 INTRODUCTION 139
2 NEGLIGENCE 139
(A) EXISTENCE AND SCOPE OF THE BAILEE S DUTY OF CARE 139
(B) LIABILITY FOR DISHONEST ACTS OF BANK STAFF. 140
3 CONVERSION 141
(A) AVAILABILITY OF CLAIM IN CONVERSION AGAINST BAILEE 141
(B) KNOWLEDGE OF ADVERSE CLAIMS 142
4 GENERAL 143
(A) JOINT BAILORS 143
(B) DEMAND FOR DELIVERY BY TRANSFEREE 144
(C) REMOVAL OF GOODS BY BANKER 144
(D) BANKER S LIEN 144
CHAPTER 10
SPECIAL CUSTOMERS
1 COMPANIES 147
(A) CAPACITY 147
(B) AUTHORITY TO EXERCISE THE COMPANY S POWERS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.... 148 (I) SECTIONS 35A AND 35B OF THE COMPANIES ACT 1985 148
(II) AGENCY PRINCIPLES 148
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CONTENTS XVII
(C) FORM OF COMPANY CHEQUES AND OTHER NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS 150 (I)
COMPANIES ACT 1985, S 37 150
(II) COMPANIES ACT 1985, S 349 151
2 PARTNERS 154
3 MINORS 154
(A) CAPACITY TO OPERATE A CURRENT ACCOUNT 155
(I) DISCHARGE FOR A DEBT 155
(II) CAPACITY TO DRAW VALID CHEQUES 156
(B) LENDING TO MINORS 156
4 EXECUTORS 157
5 TRUSTEES 157
(A) DELEGATION 157
(B) BORROWING 158
(C) DEPOSIT OF DOCUMENTS FOR SAFE CUSTODY 159
(D) CHARITY TRUSTEES 159
6 UNINCORPORATED BODIES 159
7 SOLICITORS 161
(A) RULES AS TO OPENING AND KEEPING OF ACCOUNTS 161
(B) INTEREST ON CLIENTS MONEY 162
(C) STATUTORY PROTECTION FOR THE BANKER 162
(D) BANKERS BOOKS EVIDENCE ACT 1879 163
(E) COLLECTION OF CHEQUES FOR A SOLICITOR 164
8 ESTATE AGENTS 164
9 LOCAL AUTHORITIES 164
(A) AUTHORITY TO ACT 167
10 MENTALLY DISABLED CUSTOMER 167
CHAPTER 11
TYPES OF ACCOUNT
1 INTRODUCTION 169
2 CURRENT ACCOUNT 169
(A) TITLE TO MONIES PAID IN 169
(B) RELATION OF DEBTOR AND CREDITOR 170
(C) NO IMPLIED DUTY TO CHECK PERIODIC BANK STATEMENTS 170
(D) BANK STATEMENTS NOT AN ACCOUNT STATED IN ABSENCE OF EXPRESS
AGREEMENT 171
(I) NATURE AND RELEVANCE OF AN ACCOUNT STATED 171
(II) NO ACCOUNT STATED IN ABSENCE OF EXPRESS AGREEMENT 172 (IN)
CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE CLAUSES 172
A. CHEKIANG FIRST BANK LTD 172
B. BANK OF TOKYO LTD 173
C. LIU CHONGHING BANK LTD 173
(E) CREDITS MADE IN ERROR 174
(F) ASSIGNMENT OF CREDIT BALANCE 174
(I) ASSIGNMENT OF WHOLE BALANCE 174
(II) ASSIGNMENT OF PART 175
(G) OVERDRAFT 176
3 DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS 176
(A) CLASSES AND NATURE OF DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS 176
(B) DEPOSIT BOOKS AND RECEIPTS 177
IMAGE 8
XVIII CONTENTS
4 JOINT ACCOUNTS 177
(A) PRIVITY OF CONTRACT BETWEEN BANK AND EACH JOINT ACCOUNT HOLDER 177
(B) NATURE OF THE BANK S OBLIGATION 177
(I) THE LAW BEFORE CATLIN S CASE 178
(II) CATLIN S CASE 178
(III) MEASURE OF DAMAGES 179
(IV) EITHER TO SIGN 179
(C) THE PRINCIPLE OF SURVIVORSHIP 179
(D) BORROWING ON JOINT ACCOUNT 181
5 TRUST ACCOUNTS 181
(A) TRUST ACCOUNTS GENERALLY 181
(B) CLIENT ACCOUNTS 182
(C) MONIES PAID FOR A SPECIAL PURPOSE 182
(I) CO-EXISTENCE OF LEGAL AND EQUITABLE RIGHTS AND REMEDIES 182 (II)
EXISTENCE OF A TRUST 183
(III) NOTICE OF TRUST 184
(IV) EFFECT OF TRUST 184
6 NOMINEE ACCOUNTS 184
CHAPTER 12
APPROPRIATION OF PAYMENTS 187
CHAPTER 13
DEMAND, INTEREST, CHARGES AND COSTS
1 DEMAND 189
(A) ENTITLEMENT TO MAKE DEMAND 189
(B) REQUIREMENTS FOR A VALID DEMAND 190
(I) PEREMPTORY CHARACTER AND UNCONDITIONAL 190
(II) AMOUNT DUE NEED NOT BE SPECIFIED 191
(III) TIME FOR PAYMENT 191
2 INTEREST 192
(A) EXPRESS CONTRACT FOR INTEREST 192
(I) METHODS OF COMPUTATION 192
(II) DEFAULT RATES OF INTEREST 193
(III) REDUCED RATE FOR PUNCTUAL PAYMENT 193
(IV) AS WELL BEFORE AS AFTER JUDGMENT 193
(B) IMPLIED CONTRACT FOR INTEREST 194
(I) THE DECISION IN PINIOS 194
(II) THE CUSTOM AND USAGE OF BANKERS 196
(III) THE BANKING CODE 196
(C) EQUITABLE JURISDICTION TO AWARD INTEREST 197
(D) STATUTORY INTEREST TO DATE OF JUDGMENT 197
(I) THE STATUTORY JURISDICTION TO AWARD INTEREST 197
(II) THE RATE OF INTEREST 198
(III) INTEREST ON BILLS OF EXCHANGE 199
(E) STATUTORY INTEREST FROM DATE OF JUDGMENT 199
(F) INTEREST AS DAMAGES 199
3 BANK CHARGES 200
4 COSTS AND EXPENSES ... ......Z...Z.1..200
IMAGE 9
CONTENTS XIX
CHAPTER 14
INSOLVENCY OF CUSTOMER
1 INTRODUCTION 201
2 VOLUNTARY ARRANGEMENTS 201
(A) NATURE OF A VOLUNTARY ARRANGEMENT 201
(B) MORATORIUM FOR SMALL COMPANIES 202
(C) MEETINGS OF CREDITORS 204
(D) TRUST 204
(E) COURT CONTROL 205
3 ADMINISTRATION ORDERS 206
(A) NATURE OF AN ADMINISTRATION ORDER 206
(B) ADMINISTRATION OF OVERSEAS COMPANIES 207
(C) THE POSITION OF A DEBENTURE HOLDER PRIOR TO THE HEARING 208
(D) THE EFFECT OF AN ADMINISTRATION PETITION 209
(E) THE EFFECT OF AN ADMINISTRATION ORDER 211
(F) THE BANK S RIGHTS AS A CREDITOR IN THE ADMINISTRATION 213
4 ADMINISTRATIVE RECEIVERS AND RECEIVERS 215 (A) THE MEANING
OF ADMINISTRATIVE RECEIVER AND RECEIVER 215 (B) APPOINTMENT 215
(C) POWERS AND DUTIES OF A RECEIVER 217
(I) THE TRI-PARTITE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BANK, THE RECEIVER AND THE
COMPANY 217
(II) CONTRACTS 218
(HI) POWERS 219
(IV) DUTIES 220
(V) RECEIVER S DOCUMENTS 222
5 COMPANY LIQUIDATION 222
(A) VOLUNTARY WINDING UP 222
(B) COMPULSORY WINDING UP 224
(C) VULNERABLE TRANSACTIONS 227
(I) TRANSACTIONS AT AN UNDERVALUE 227
(II) PREFERENCE 229
(III) ORDERS WHICH MAY BE MADE 232
(IV) EXTORTIONATE CREDIT TRANSACTIONS 232
(D) THE LIABILITY OF BANKS AS SHADOW DIRECTORS 233
(E) DISTRIBUTION OF THE ESTATE 235
(I) SECURED CREDITORS 235
(II) PREFERENTIAL CLAIMS 236
(III) PROOF OF UNSECURED CLAIMS: THE RULE AGAINST DOUBLE PROOF 238 (IV)
SUBORDINATION AGREEMENTS 240
6 BANKRUPTCY 240
(A) THE PETITION AND BANKRUPTCY ORDER 240
(B) DISPOSITIONS MADE BY THE BANKRUPT 243
(C) AFTER-ACQUIRED PROPERTY 246
(D) THE AVOIDANCE OF GENERAL ASSIGNMENTS OF BOOK DEBTS 247
7 THE PRIVATE EXAMINATION OF BANKS 247
(A) NATURE OF THE JURISDICTION 247
(B) PRODUCTION OF INFORMATION AND DOCUMENTS 249
(I) PRODUCTION TO THE OFFICE HOLDER 250
(II) PRODUCTION BY THE OFFICE HOLDER TO THIRD PARTIES 250
IMAGE 10
XX CONTENTS
(C) ANCILLARY ORDERS 251
(D) COSTS 251
PART III
PAYMENT INSTRUMENTS AND THE TRANSFER OF FUNDS
CHAPTER 15
CHEQUES
1 OVERVIEW 255
2 DEFINITION 256
(A) UNCONDITIONAL ORDER 256
(B) ADDRESSED BY ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER 257
(C) ON DEMAND 257
(D) TO A SPECIFIED PERSON OR TO BEARER 258
3 PROBLEM CASES 258
(A) FICTITIOUS OR NON-EXISTING PAYEE 258
(B) WAGES OR CASH 260
(C) NO PAYEE 260
(D) POST-DATED CHEQUES 261
(I) MANDATE OF THE DRAWEE BANK 262
(II) STATUS OF A POST-DATED CHEQUE 262
4 NEGOTIABILITY AND TRANSFERABILITY 263
5 NOTICE OF DISHONOUR 263
6 CROSSINGS 264
(A) GENERAL AND SPECIAL CROSSINGS 264
(B) EFFECT OF CROSSINGS 264
(I) GENERAL EFFECT 264
(II) CROSSED TO TWO BANKERS 264
(III) PAYMENT CONTRARY TO CROSSING 265
(IV) CROSSING TO HOLDER 265
(V) OPENING A CROSSING 266
(VI) CROSSING BY COLLECTING BANKER 266
7 THE ACCOUNT PAYEE CROSSING 267
(A) BACKGROUND TO THE CHEQUES ACT 1992 267
(B) THE CHEQUES ACT 1992 267
(C) THE OVERALL EFFECT OF THE ACT 268
8 THE NOT NEGOTIABLE CROSSING 269
(A) INTRODUCTION 269
(B) GENERAL EFFECT 269
(C) AFFECTS THE CHEQUE AND ITS PROCEEDS 270
(D) TITLE VOID OR VOIDABLE 270
(E) NOT NEGOTIABLE MUST BE COMBINED WITH CROSSING 271
(F) PLACING OF NOT NEGOTIABLE 271
(G) EFFECT OF NOT NEGOTIABLE ON A BILL OTHER THAN A CHEQUE 272
9 INSTRUMENTS ANALOGOUS TO CHEQUES 272
(A) DIVIDEND WARRANTS 273
(B) INTEREST WARRANTS 273
(C) CONDITIONAL ORDERS FOR PAYMENT 273
IMAGE 11
CONTENTS XXI
(I) NEGOTIABILITY OF CONDITIONAL ORDERS FORPAYMENT 274
(II) STATUTORY PROTECTION 274
(D) CHEQUE REQUIRING RECEIPT 274
(E) BANK DRAFTS 274
(I) INLAND BANK DRAFTS 274
(II) FOREIGN BANK DRAFTS 275
(F) BANKERS PAYMENTS 275
(G) TRAVELLERS CHEQUES 276
(I) THE LEGAL NATURE OF TRAVELLERS CHEQUES 276
(II) LOSS OR THEFT OF TRAVELLERS CHEQUES WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN
COUNTERSIGNED 276
(III) RIGHTS OF HOLDER IN DUE COURSE 277
(H) POSTAL AND MONEY ORDERS 278
CHAPTER 16
CHEQUE GUARANTEE CARDS AND CREDIT CARDS
1 INTRODUCTION 279
2 CHEQUE GUARANTEE CARDS 279
(A) LEGAL ANALYSIS 279
(B) THE RULES OF THE UK DOMESTIC CHEQUE GUARANTEE CARD SCHEME 280 3
CREDIT CARDS 281
(A) NORMAL FEATURES OF CREDIT CARD TRANSACTIONS 281
(B) EFFECT OF PAYMENT BY CREDIT CARD OR CHARGE CARD 281
(C) THE BANKING CODE 283
(D) ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES 283
CHAPTER 17
ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER
1 INTRODUCTION 285
2 BASIC CONCEPTS AND MECHANISMS 286
(A) PAYMENT SYSTEMS 286
(B) FUNDS TRANSFER AND LEGAL TENDER 287
(C) THE NATURE OF A FUNDS TRANSFER 290
(D) TERMINOLOGY 291
(E) CREDIT AND DEBIT TRANSFERS 292
(F) CLEARING AND SETTLEMENT 294
(G) CLEARING SYSTEMS AND CLEARING RULES 298
3 INTERNATIONAL FUNDS TRANSFERS 300
(A) ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE INTERNATIONAL TRANSFERS 301
(I) ONSHORE TRANSFERS 301
(II) OFFSHORE TRANSFERS 302
(B) SWIFT 304
4 NON-CONSUMER-ACTTVATED EFT SYSTEMS 307
(A) BACS 308
(I) THE BACS PAYMENT CYCLE 308
(II) THE DIRECT DEBIT SCHEME 310
IMAGE 12
XXII CONTENTS
(B) CHAPS 311
(I) NEWCHAPS STERLING 312
(II) NEWCHAPS EURO 314
(III) NEWCHAPS (IN GENERAL) 315
(C) TARGET 316
(D) EBA EURO CLEARING SYSTEM (EURO 1) 319
(E) CHEQUE TRUNCATION 320
5 CONSUMER-ACTIVATED EFT SYSTEMS 322
(A) CASH DISPENSERS (CDS) AND AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES (ATMS) 322 (B)
ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER AT POINT OF SALE (EFTPOS) 323
(C) TELE-SHOPPING 325
(D) INTERNET BANKING AND ELECTRONIC MONEY 325
(I) REMOTE ACCESS TO BANK ACCOUNTS 325
(II) INTERNET PAYMENT OPERATORS 326
(III) ELECTRONIC MONEY 326
A. SMART CARD SYSTEMS 327
B. SOFTWARE SYSTEMS 329
(E) HOME AND OFFICE BANKING 329
6 THE LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF EFT 330
(A) SOURCES OF LAW 330
(B) THE LEGAL NATURE OF A FUNDS TRANSFER INSTRUCTION 332
(C) AGENCY RELATIONSHIPS 335
(I) THE ORIGINATOR S BANK 336
A. RELATIONSHIP WITH ORIGINATOR 336
B. RELATIONSHIP WITH BENEFICIARY 341
(II) THE INTERMEDIARY (CORRESPONDENT) BANK 343
(III) THE BENEFICIARY S BANK 345
(D) COUNTERMAND 347
(E) COMPLETION OF PAYMENT 349
(I) INTRA-BRANCH TRANSFERS 351
(II) INTER-BRANCH TRANSFERS 354
(III) INTER-BANK TRANSFERS 355
(F) RECOVERY OF INCORRECT PAYMENTS 357
7 SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF CONSUMER-ACTIVATED EFT 360 (A) CONTRACTUAL
RELATIONSHIPS 360
(I) ATM CARDS 360
(II) EFTPOS DEBIT CARDS 361
(III) ELECTRONIC MONEY SYSTEMS 361
(B) TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE BANKER-CUSTOMER CONTRACT 364 (I) THE
CONSUMER CREDIT ACT 1974 366
A. ATM CARDS 367
B. EFTPOS DEBIT CARDS 369
C. ELECTRONIC PURSES 370
(II) THE UNFAIR CONTRACT TERMS ACT 1977 371
(III) THE UNFAIR TERMS IN CONSUMER CONTRACTS REGULATIONS 1999 372 (C)
VARIATION OF THE BANKER-CUSTOMER CONTRACT 375
(D) LIABILITY FOR UNAUTHORISED TRANSACTIONS 376
(E) LIABILITY FOR TECHNICAL MALFUNCTION 381
(F) COUNTERMAND 381
8 CONFIDENTIALITY AND DATA PROTECTION 382
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CONTENTS XXIII
PART IV
THE PAYING BANK: LIABILITIES AND REMEDIES
CHAPTER 18
THE PAYING BANK
1 INTRODUCTION 389
2 THE OBLIGATION TO REPAY 390
(A) THE SCOPE OF THE OBLIGATION 390
(B) THE PAYING BANK S DUTY OF CARE 390
(C) THE CUSTOMER S DUTY OF CARE 391
(D) PROOF OF REPAYMENT 391
(E) LIMITATION OF ACTIONS IN RESPECT OF IMPUGNED DEBITS TO CUSTOMER S
ACCOUNT 391
3 SUFFICIENCY AND AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS 392
(A) SUFFICIENCY OF FUNDS 392
(B) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS 393
4 THE PAYMENT OF CHEQUES 394
(A) REGULAR AND UNAMBIGUOUS IN FORM 394
(B) CHEQUE AND CREDIT CLEARING COMPANY LTD RULES FOR THE CONDUCT OF
CHEQUE CLEARING 396
(C) INTEREST ON PROCEEDS OF COLLECTED CHEQUES 396
(D) CHEQUES OUT OF DATE 397
(E) MARKING OF CHEQUES 397
5 DETERMINATION OF AUTHORITY TO PAY 397
(A) COUNTERMAND 398
(B) DEATH OF CUSTOMER 398
(C) MENTAL DISORDER AND CONTRACTUAL INCAPACITY 398
(D) INSOLVENCY 399
6 WRONGFUL DISHONOUR OF A PAYMENT ORDER 399 (A) BREACH OF CONTRACT 399
(B) LIBEL 400
CHAPTER 19
UNAUTHORISED PAYMENTS
1 PAYMENT CONTRARY TO THE MANDATE 403
(A) EFFECT OF THE MANDATE 403
(B) UNAUTHORISED PAYMENTS WHICH DISCHARGE A CUSTOMER S DEBTS 404 2
PAYMENT AGAINST A FORGED OR UNAUTHORISED SIGNATURE 405
(A) THE EFFECT OF A FORGED OR UNAUTHORISED SIGNATURE 405
(B) MEANING OF FORGED AND FORGERY 405
(C) INAPPLICABILITY OF THE RULE IN TURQUAND S CASE 406
(D) THE CUSTOMER S DUTY TO REFRAIN FROM FACILITATING FRAUD OR FORGERY
407 (E) THE CUSTOMER S DUTY TO INFORM THE BANK OF KNOWN FORGERY 409 (F)
ESTOPPEL BY CUSTOMER S EXPRESS REPRESENTATION 412
3 PAYMENT WHEN BANK ON NOTICE OF MISAPPROPRIATION BY AGENT OF THE
CUSTOMER 413
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XXIV CONTENTS
4 PAYMENT WHEN BANK ON NOTICE OF FRAUD BY TRUSTEE 416 5 THE PAYING
BANK S REMEDIES AGAINST THE PAYEE 416 6 MONEY PAID BY MISTAKE 417
(A) INTRODUCTION 417
(B) CONDITIONS FOR RECOVERY 418
(C) CONDITION (1) 419
(I) THE GENERAL PRINCIPLE 419
(II) MISTAKE AS BETWEEN PAYER AND PAYEE 420
(D) CONDITION 2(B) 421
(E) CONDITION 2(C) 423
(I) REPRESENTATION 424
A. THE PAYING BANK OWES NO DUTY TO PAYEE 424
B. THE PAYING BANK DOES NOT REPRESENT THAT THE DRAWER S SIGNATURE IS
GENUINE 424
C. NO SPECIAL RULE RELATING TO SPECIAL COLLECTIONS 425
(II) CHANGE OF POSITION AND DETRIMENT 425
(F) RECOVERABILITY OF PAYMENTS ON NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS 427 (I)
NEGLIGENCE ON PART OF PAYER 427
(II) RECOVERY WHERE PAYEE S POSITION MIGHT BE PREJUDICED 428 (G)
RECOVERABILITY OF PAYMENTS MADE TO OR BY AN AGENT 431
(I) MONEY PAID TO AN AGENT 431
(II) MONEY PAID BY AN AGENT 432
7 TRACING 432
CHAPTER 20
DISCHARGE BY PAYMENT AND PROTECTION BY STATUTE
1 DISCHARGE BY PAYMENT 435
(A) THE BASIC RULE 435
(I) MEANING OF PAYMENT 435
(II) MEANING OF HOLDER 436
(III) WITHOUT NOTICE THAT HIS TITLE TO THE BILL IS DEFECTIVE 436
(B) PAYMENT TO PERSON CLAIMING UNDER FORGED INDORSEMENT 437 (C) PAYMENT
OF LOST OR STOLEN BEARER CHEQUES 437
(D) MATERIAL ALTERATIONS 437
(E) INCHOATE INSTRUMENTS 440
2 STATUTORY PROTECTION 443
3 BILLS OF EXCHANGE ACT 1882, S 60 444
(A) PAYABLE TO ORDER 444
(B) GOOD FAITH 444
(C) ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS 445
(I) MEANING OF ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS 445
(II) RELATION BETWEEN ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS AND NEGLIGENCE 446
(III) WORDS OR INDORSEMENTS IN FOREIGN CHARACTERS 446
(D) PAYMENT TO PERSON CLAIMING UNDER FORGED INDORSEMENT 447 4 STAMP ACT
1853, S 19 447
(A) PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF S 19 447
(B) DRAFT OR ORDER DRAWN UPON A BANKER 448
(C) REQUIREMENT OF GOOD FAITH 448
(D) PAYMENT NOT REQUIRED TO BE IN THE ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS 448
(E) EFFECT OF S 19 449
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CONTENTS XXV
5 PROVISO TO BILLS OF EXCHANGE ACT 1882, S 79 449
6 BILLS OF EXCHANGE ACT 1882, S 80 449
(A) WITHOUT NEGLIGENCE 450
(B) TRUE OWNER 450
7 CHEQUES ACT 1957, S 1 450
(A) PURPOSE OF S 1 451
(B) EFFECT OF S 1(1) AND (2) 452
(C) INDORSEMENT REQUIRED 452
8 REGULARITY OF AN INDORSEMENT 453
(A) RELEVANCE 453
(B) REQUISITES OF A REGULAR INDORSEMENT 453
(C) PERPRO ; FOR ; ON BEHALF OF 453
(D) POSITION OF PER PRO 454
9 NOT NEGOTIABLE AND ACCOUNT PAYEE 455
(A) NOT NEGOTIABLE 455
(B) ACCOUNT PAYEE 455
CHAPTER 21
CLAIMS AGAINST THE PAYING BANK BY NON-CUSTOMERS
1 CONVERSION 457
2 CONSTRUCTIVE TRUSTEESHIP 459
(A) SITUATION GIVING RISE TO A CONSTRUCTIVE TRUST 459
(I) TRUSTEESHIP DE SON TORT 459
(II) KNOWING RECEIPT AND DISHONEST ASSISTANCE 459
(B) THE LIMITED SCOPE FOR CONSTRUCTIVE TRUST CLAIMS AGAINST PAYING BANKS
....460 (C) THE INGREDIENTS OF ACCESSORY LIABILITY 461
(I) THE POSITION BEFORE ROYAL BRUNEI AIRLINES V TAN 461
(II) THE DECISION IN ROYAL BRUNEI AIRLINES V TAN 462
(ILL) SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT POSITION 464
(D) CASES DECIDED BEFORE ROYAL BRUNEI AIRLINES V TAN 464
3 NEGLIGENCE 465
(A) DUTY OWED TO PAYEE OF CHEQUE? 465
(B) DUTY OWED TO BENEFICIARIES OF A TRUST? 465
PARTV
THE RECIPIENT BANK: LIABILITIES AND REMEDIES
CHAPTER 22
THE COLLECTING BANK: GENERAL
1 INTRODUCTION 469
2 COLLECTION GENERALLY 469
(A) GENERAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES 469
3 COLLECTION OF CHEQUES 470
(A) TIME FOR PRESENTMENT 470
(B) MEANS OF PRESENTMENT 470
(I) PRESENTMENT THROUGH CLEARING 470
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XXVI CONTENTS
(II) PRESENTMENT BY ONE BANK TO ANOTHER 471
(HI) PRESENTMENT BY POST 471
(IV) PRESENTATION BY ELECTRONIC OR OTHER MEANS 471
(C) HOUSE CHEQUES 471
(D) LIABILITY TO CUSTOMER FOR DELAY IN PRESENTMENT 472
4 NOTICE OF DISHONOUR 472
(A) REQUIREMENT FOR NOTICE 472
(B) FORM OF NOTICE 472
(C) TIME FOR GIVING NOTICE 473
5 DEBITING CUSTOMER S ACCOUNT UPON DISHONOUR 474 6 STATUTORY RIGHTS OF
THE COLLECTING BANK 474 (A) THE CHEQUES ACT 1957, S 2 475
(B) DEEMED HOLDER FOR VALUE UNDER S 27(3) 475
(C) HOLDER IN DUE COURSE 476
(I) VALUE NOT GIVEN 477
(II) NOTICE OF DEFECT IN TITLE 477
7 THE COLLECTION OF BILLS 477
(A) GENERAL 477
(B) COLLECTING BANK AS HOLDER 478
CHAPTER 23
THE RECIPIENT BANK: SOURCES OF LIABILITY
1 CONVERSION 481
(A) DEFINITION 481
(I) NATURE OF CONVERSION 481
(II) THE INSTRUMENT MUST HAVE VALUE 482
(B) ENTITLEMENT TO IMMEDIATE POSSESSION 483
(I) INSTRUMENTS DELIVERED UNDER VOID CONTRACTS 483
(II) INSTRUMENTS DELIVERED UNDER VOIDABLE CONTRACTS 484
(III) ACTION BASED UPON AFTER-ACQUIRED TITLE 485
(IV) STOLEN BARER INSTRUMENTS 485
(C) CONVERSION BY AGENT 485
(I) PRINCIPAL S GENERAL ENTITLEMENT TO SUE 485
(II) IMPACT OF THE BILLS OF EXCHANGE ACT 1882, SS 24 AND 25 487 (III)
AGENT OBTAINING BANK DRAFT IN EXCHANGE FOR VOIDABLE CHEQUE 488 (D)
DEFENCES TO AN ACTION IN CONVERSION 488
(I) THE CHEQUES ACT 1957, S 4 488
(II) THE LIGGETT DEFENCE 488
(E) DEBITING CUSTOMER S ACCOUNT WHERE BANKER LIABLE 488
(F) INDEMNITY IN FAVOUR OF BANK ACTING AS AGENT FOR ANOTHER BANK 489 2
MONEY HAD AND RECEIVED 490
(A) NATURE OF THE ACTION 490
(B) CLAIMANT MUST ESTABLISH TITLE 491
(C) INGREDIENTS OF WAIVER OF TORT 492
(D) ACTION FOR MONEY HAD AND RECEIVED AGAINST BANKER AS AGENT 492 (E)
RELEVANCE OF NEGLIGENCE ON THE PART OF THE DEFENDANT 492
3 CONSTRUCTIVE TRUSTEESHIP 493
(A) GENERAL 493
(I) THE OVERLAP BETWEEN DISHONEST ASSISTANCE AND KNOWING RECEIPT 493
(II) RELATION WITH MONEY HAD AND RECEIVED 494
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CONTENTS XXVII
(B) DISHONEST ASSISTANCE 495
(C) KNOWING RECEIPT: THE REQUIRED DEGREE OF KNOWLEDGE 496
(D) KNOWING RECEIPT: DEFENCES 497
(I) MINISTERIAL RECEIPT 498
(II) BONA FIDE PURCHASE 499
(III) CHANGE OF POSITION 500
DUTY OF CARE 500
CHAPTER 24
THE CHEQUES ACT 1957, S 4
1 INTRODUCTION 503
2 HISTORY OF THE LEGISLATION 503
(A) RELEVANCE 503
(B) BILLS OF EXCHANGE ACT 1882, S 82 504
(C) SUPPLEMENTAL LEGISLATION 506
(I) REVENUE ACT 1883 506
(II) BILLS OF EXCHANGE (CROSSED CHEQUES) ACT 1906 506
(III) BILLS OFEXCHANGE (1882) AMENDMENT ACT 1932 507
(D) CHEQUES ACT 1957, S 4 507
3 IN GOOD FAITH 508
4 WITHOUT NEGLIGENCE 508
(A) INTRODUCTION 508
(B) THE GENERAL STANDARD OF CARE 509
(C) GENERAL FACTORS 512
(I) FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THE BANK S INTERNAL RULES 512
(II) FAILURE TO TAKE UP REFERENCES OR MAKE INQUIRIES ON OPENING OF
ACCOUNT 513
(III) SUDDEN FLUCTUATIONS IN BALANCES, AMOUNTS PAID IN OR AMOUNTS
WITHDRAWN 514
(IV) REQUEST FOR SPECIAL COLLECTION 515
(V) FAILURE TO VERIFY INDORSEMENT 515
(VI) INQUIRY AS TO THE FATE OF A CHEQUE 516
(VII) EXIGENCIES OF BUSINESS 516
(D) CHEQUES PAID BY FIDUCIARIES INTO PRIVATE ACCOUNT 516
(I) THE NEED FOR CAUTION 516
(II) CHEQUES PAYABLE TO A COMPANY 517
(III) FRAUD IN THE DRAWING OF COMPANY CHEQUES 517
(IV) CHEQUES PAYABLE TO A PARTNERSHIP 518
(V) CHEQUES PAYABLE TO OFFICIALS AND OTHER FIDUCIARIES 519 (VI) FAILURE
TO MAKE INQUIRIES OF PRINCIPAL OR EMPLOYER 520 (VII) PROCURATION
INDORSEMENTS 520
(E) CHEQUES CROSSED ACCOUNT PAYEE 521
(F) CHEQUES CROSSED NOT NEGOTIABLE 523
5 RECEIVES PAYMENT 525
(A) ADDITIONAL WORDS IN THE 1957 ACT 525
(B) DEALINGS PRIOR TO RECEIPT 525
(C) RECEIVING PAYMENT FOR A CUSTOMER WHOSE ACCOUNT IS OVERDRAWN 525 (D)
... HAVING CREDITED A CUSTOMER S ACCOUNT 526
(E) ... RECEIVES PAYMENT THEREOF FOR HIMSELF 526
(F) BANKER EMPLOYING ANOTHER BANK AS AGENT FOR COLLECTION 526
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XXVIII CONTENTS
6 THE CUSTOMER HAS NOT TITLE, OR A DEFECTIVE TITLE 527 7 INSTRUMENTS
TO WHICH S 4 APPLIES 527
(A) CHEQUES 527
(B) INSTRUMENTS ANALOGOUS TO CHEQUES 529
(C) BILLS OF EXCHANGE OTHER THAN CHEQUES 529
8 CAUSATION 529
9 CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE 530
(A) AVAILABILITY OF THE DEFENCE 530
(B) LULLING TO SLEEP 530
PART VI
INTERFERENCE BY THIRD PARTIES
CHAPTER 25
ATTACHMENT
1 THE COURT S JURISDICTION 535
(A) INTRODUCTION 535
(B) EFFECT OF SERVICE OF ORDER 536
(I) ATTACHMENT UP TO STATED SUM 536
(II) NO TRANSFER OR ASSIGNMENT 537
(III) BANKING PRACTICE 538
(C) DEBT DUE OR ACCRUING DUE 538
(I) DEBITUM IN PRAESENTI, SOLVENDUM IN FUTURO 538
(II) DEBTS SUBJECT TO A CONDITION OR CONTINGENCY 539
(III) FLAWED ASSETS 540
(IV) MARGIN PAYMENTS 540
(V) DEBT SITUATED OUTSIDE THE JURISDICTION 541
(VI) DEBTS DUE IN A FOREIGN CURRENCY 541
(D) TRUST ACCOUNTS AND NOMINEE ACCOUNTS 542
(E) JOINT ACCOUNTS 543
(F) LIQUIDATOR S ACCOUNT 543
(G) DEBTS DUE TO FOREIGN SOVEREIGN STATE 543
2 FACTORS AFFECTING THE DISCRETION 544
(A) RIGHTS OF SET-OFF 544
(B) THIRD PARTY CLAIMS 545
(C) INSOLVENCY OF THE JUDGMENT DEBTOR 546
(D) HARDSHIP PAYMENT ORDERS 546
3 RECEIVER APPOINTED BY WAY OF EQUITABLE EXECUTION 547
CHAPTER 26
FREEZING INJUCTIONS
1 THE GRANT OF FREEZING INJUNCTIONS 549
(A) NATURE OF A FREEZING INJUNCTION 549
(B) PURPOSE AND OPERATION OF FREEZING INJUNCTIONS 550
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CONTENTS XXIX
(C) THE COURT S JURISDICTION TO GRANT FREEZING INJUNCTIONS 551
(D) GUIDELINES FOR THE GRANT OF A FREEZING ORDER 553
(E) WORLDWIDE FREEZING INJUNCTIONS 554
2 FREEZING INJUNCTIONS AGAINST BANKS 557
3 EFFECT ON A BANK OF A FREEZING INJUNCTION AGAINST A CUSTOMER 558
(A) SEARCHING FOR ACCOUNTS MAINTAINED BY THE DEFENDANT 558
(B) JOINT ACCOUNTS AND ACCOUNTS IN THE NAME OF A THIRD PARTY 558 (C)
MAXIMUM SUM ORDERS 559
(D) PARTICULAR ASSETS OTHER THAN CASH BALANCES 561
(I) LETTERS OF CREDIT ETC 561
A. DOES THE FREEZING INJUNCTION APPLY? 561
B. WILL THE COURT RESTRAIN PERFORMANCE? 562
C. DOES THE ORDER APPLY TO THE PROCEEDS? 562
(II) BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND OTHER NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS 563 (III)
SHARES, TITLE DEEDS AND ARTICLES HELD IN SAFE CUSTODY 563 (E) DEBITS TO
THE DEFENDANT S ACCOUNT 563
(I) CHEQUES DRAWN BY THE DEFENDANT 563
(II) TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING THE USE OF A CHEQUE CARD OR CREDIT CARD 564
(III) LETTERS OF CREDIT, ETC 564
(F) THE BANKER S RIGHT OF SET-OFF 565
4 INJUNCTIONS IN AID OF TRACING CLAIMS 565
CHAPTER 27
COMPULSORY DISCLOSURE
1 DISCOVERY IN AID OF TRACING CLAIMS 567
(A) JURISDICTION TO ORDER DISCLOSURE BY A BANK 567
(B) DISCRETION 567
(C) PROCEDURE AND COSTS 568
2 DISCOVERY ORDERS UNDER NORWICH PHARMACAL 569 3 INSPECTION ORDERS UNDER
THE BANKERS BOOKS EVIDENCE ACT 1879 570
(A) PROOF OF CONTENTS OF BANKERS BOOKS 570
(B) INSPECTION ORDERS 571
(I) IN GENERAL 571
(II) EXTRA-TERRITORIAL ORDERS 572
A. ORDERS MADE BY THE ENGLISH COURT 572
B. ORDERS MADE BY FOREIGN COURTS 573
4 ORDERS UNDER THE EVIDENCE (PROCEEDINGS IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS) ACT
1975 574
5 DISCLOSURE UNDER THE INSOLVENCY ACT 1986, S 236 575 6 DISCLOSURE TO
INVESTIGATORS 575
7 DISCLOSURE TO INLAND REVENUE COMMISSIONERS 576 8 DISCLOSURE PURSUANT
TO CRIMINAL LAW STATUTES 577 (A) SECTION 2 OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT
1987 577
(B) SECTION 9 OF THE POLICE AND CRIMINAL EVIDENCE ACT 1984 577
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XXX CONTENTS
PART VII
SECURITY FOR ADVANCES
CHAPTER 28
THE TAKING OF SECURITY
1 UNDUE INFLUENCE 581
(A) INTRODUCTION 581
(B) THE JUDGMENTS IN ETRIDGE 582
(C) THE JUDGMENT OF LORD NICHOLLS 583
(I) THE TWO FORMS OF UNACCEPTABLE CONDUCT 583
(II) THE BURDEN OF PROOF AND PRESUMPTIONS 583
(111) INDEPENDENT ADVICE 584
(IV) MANIFEST DISADVANTAGE 584
(V) PERMISSIBLE PRESSURE BY A HUSBAND 584
(VI) CONSTRUCTIVE NOTICE 585
(VII) THE THRESHOLD: WHEN THE BANK IS PUT ON INQUIRY 585
(VIII) THE STEPS A BANK SHOULD TAKE 585
(IX) AGENCY 586
(D) THE JUDGEMENTS OF LORDS CLYDE, HOBHOUSE AND SCOTT 586
(E) DISCLOSURE 588
(F) REMEDIES 589
2 UNCONSCIONABLE TRANSACTIONS 589
3 DURESS 590
4 MISREPRESENTATION AND NON-DISCLOSURE 590
(A) MISREPRESENTATION 590
(B) NEGLIGENT MISSTATEMENTS 591
(C) DUTY TO PROFFER EXPLANATION 591
(D) ENTIRE AGREEMENT CLAUSES 591
CHAPTER 29
LIEN AND SET-OFF
1 THE BANKER S LIEN 593
(A) EXISTENCE AND NATURE OF THE BANKER S LIEN 593
(I) EXISTENCE OF THE LIEN 593
(II) THE BANKER S LIEN AS AN IMPLIED PLEDGE 594
(B) SECURITIES SUBJECT TO LIEN 595
(I) PAPER SECURITIES 595
(II) DOCUMENTS OF TITLE TO LAND 595
(III) MONEY AND CREDIT BALANCES 596
(C) RELEVANT LIABILITIES 596
(I) THE CUSTOMER S GENERAL BALANCE 596
(II) FUTURE OR CONTINGENT LIABILITIES 596
(D) MATTERS EXCLUDING LIEN 598
(I) EXPRESS OR IMPLIED AGREEMENT INCONSISTENT WITH LIEN 598 (II)
SECURITIES BELONGING TO A THIRD PARTY 600
(III) NOTICE OF CHARGE 600
2 BANKER S RIGHT OF SET-OFF I .. .. .. !...600
(A) INTRODUCTION 600
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CONTENTS XXXI
(I) RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIEN AND SET-OFF 600
(II) DISTINCTION BETWEEN SET-OFF AND ACCOUNTING 601
(B) EXTENT OF THE BANKER S RIGHT OF SET-OFF 602
(I) INDEBTEDNESS AVAILABLE FOR SET-OFF 602
(II) COMBINATION OF TWO CURRENT ACCOUNTS 602
(III) COMBINATION OF CURRENT ACCOUNT AND LOAN ACCOUNT 603 (IV)
COMBINATION ON INSOLVENCY 606
(V) COMBINATION OF ACCOUNTS MAINTAINED IN DIFFERENT JURISDICTIONS 606
(VI) MODE OF EXERCISE 607
(C) MATTERS INCONSISTENT WITH SET-OFF 607
(I) EXPRESS OR IMPLIED AGREEMENT EXCLUDING SET-OFF. 607
(II) ACCOUNTS IN DIFFERENT RIGHT 608
(III) ACCOUNTS MAINTAINED IN DIFFERENT CURRENCIES 608
RIGHTS OF SET-OFF UNDER THE GENERAL LAW 609 (A) RIGHTS OF SET-OFF BEFORE
INSOLVENCY 609
(I) LEGAL SET-OFF 609
(II) EQUITABLE SET-OFF. 610
(B) RIGHTS OF SET-OFF AFTER INSOLVENCY 612
(I) RULE 4.90 612
(II) THE DATE OF INSOLVENCY 614
(III) MANDATORY NATURE OF SET-OFF IN INSOLVENCY 614
(IV) DEBTS REQUIRED TO BE SET-OFF. 615
(V) SET-OFF OF CONTINGENT LIABILITIES 615
(VI) THE REQUIREMENT FOR A DEBT OWED BY THE SOLVENT TO THE INSOLVENT...
617 (VII) MULTI-PARTY SET-OFF ( NETTING ) IN INSOLVENCY 618
(C) VULNERABILITY OF GENERAL RIGHTS OF SET-OFF TO THIRD PARTY
INTERFERENCE 619 (I) ASSIGNMENT 619
(II) ATTACHMENT 620
(III) FREEZING ORDERS 620
CONTRACTUAL SET-OFF PROVISIONS 620
(A) PRE-INSOLVENCY PROVISIONS 621
(I) PROVISIONS WHICH CREATE AN ACCOUNTING SITUATION 621
(II) PROVISIONS WHICH ENLARGE LEGAL SET-OFF 621
(III) PROTECTION AGAINST ASSIGNEES 622
(IV) EXCLUSION OF THE BORROWER S RIGHT OF SET-OFF. 623
(B) POST-INSOLVENCY SET-OFF PROVISIONS 623
CHAPTER 30
CHARGES OVER DEBTS AND CONDITIONAL DEBT OBLIGATIONS 1 CHARGES OVER BOOK
DEBTS 625
(A) MORTGAGES AND CHARGES OF BOOK DEBTS GENERALLY 625
(I) METHOD OF CREATION 625
(II) REGISTRATION 626
(III) FIXED OR FLOATING? 626
(IV) PRIORITIES 630
(V) FURTHER ADVANCES 630
(B) MORTGAGES AND CHARGES OF BOOK DEBTS IN FAVOUR OF THE DEBTOR 630 2
CONDITIONAL DEBT OBLIGATIONS 631
(A) NATURE OF CONDITIONAL DEBT OBLIGATIONS ( FLAWED ASSETS ) 631 (B) THE
VALIDITY OF FLAWED ASSETS ARRANGEMENTS 632
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XXXII CONTENTS
CHAPTER 31
PLEDGES OF GOODS, DOCUMENTS OF TITLE AND NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS
1 GOODS AND DOCUMENTS OF TITLE TO GOODS 635
(A) POSSESSION 635
(I) THE REQUIREMENT FOR POSSESSION 635
(II) CONSTRUCTIVE POSSESSION 636
A. IN GENERAL 636
B. DOCUMENTS OF TITLE TO GOODS 637
(HI) TRUST RECEIPTS 639
(IV) LETTERS OF HYPOTHECATION, LIEN OR TRUST 640
A. LETTERS OF HYPOTHECATION 641
B. LETTERS OF LIEN 641
C. LETTERS OF TRUST 641
(B) BILLS OF SALE ACTS 641
(I) DEFINITION 641
(II) APPLICATION TO LETTERS OF HYPOTHECATION, LIEN OR TRUST 643 (C) NEMO
DAT QUOD NON HABET 644
(I) THE FACTORS ACT 1889 644
(II) THE SALE OF GOODS ACT 1979 646
2 NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS 647
(A) BILLS, CHEQUES AND NOTES 648
(I) PLEDGE AND DISCOUNT DISTINGUISHED 648
(II) PLEDGE AND REPO DISTINGUISHED 649
(III) NO SUSPENSION OF REMEDY ON THE INSTRUMENT 649
(IV) SATISFACTION OF DEBT NOT PAYMENT OF INSTRUMENT 649
(V) FULLY NEGOTIABLE SECURITIES 650
(B) PLEDGE BY AN AGENT 650
(C) NEGOTIABILITY 652
(I) INCIDENTS OF NEGOTIABILITY 652
(II) RECENT RECOGNITION SUFFICIENT 653
(III) MUST BE NEGOTIABLE HERE 653
(IV) NEGOTIABILITY BY ESTOPPEL 654
(V) TITLE BY ESTOPPEL 654
(VI) ESTOPPEL BY CONDUCT 656
(VII) ESTOPPEL BY CHARACTER OF DOCUMENT 656
3 REALISATION 657
(A) POWER OF SALE 657
(B) NOTICE TO PLEDGOR 657
(C) REALISATION OF PLEDGE HELD AS COVER FOR ACCEPTANCES 657
CHAPTER 32
MORTGAGES OF LAND
1 INTRODUCTION 659
(A) BACKGROUND 659
(B) HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 660
2 LAND REGISTRATION ACT 2002 661
3 TRANSFERS OF MORTGAGES 662
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CONTENTS XXXIII
4 THE LEGAL CHARGE 662
5 EQUITABLE MORTGAGES OF THE LEGAL ESTATE 663 6 LAW COMMISSION REFORM
665
7 PRIORITIES 666
(A) PRIORITY IN POINT OF SECURITY 666
(B) PRIORITIES IN REGISTERED LAND 666
(C) PRIORITIES IN UNREGISTERED LAND 668
8 FURTHER ADVANCES 670
(A) PRIORITY IN POINT OF PAYMENT 670
(B) REGISTERED LAND 671
(C) UNREGISTERED LAND 674
9 OVERRIDING INTERESTS 676
(A) LAND REGISTRATION ACT 1925 676
(B) LAND REGISTRATION ACT 2002 679
10 LEASEHOLD PROPERTY 681
11 REMEDIES OF A LEGAL MORTGAGEE 685
(A) AN ACTION ON THE COVENANT TO PAY 686
(B) POSSESSION 686
(C) POWER OF SALE 691
(D) APPOINTMENT OF A RECEIVER 694
(E) CONSOLIDATION 696
(F) FORECLOSURE 697
12 REMEDIES OF AN EQUITABLE MORTAGEE OF THE LEGAL ESTATE 698
(A) POWER OF SALE 698
(B) APPOINTMENT OF A RECEIVER 699
(C) FORECLOSURE 699
CHAPTER 33
GURANTEES
1 GUARANTEES IN MODERN BANKING BUSINESS 701
2 ASPECTS OF THE GENERAL LAW OF GUARANTEES 701 (A) THE SECONDARY NATURE
OF THE CONTRACT 701
(B) FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 703
(C) CONSIDERATION 704
(D) DISCHARGE OF THE GUARANTOR BY CONDUCT OF THE CREDITOR 705
(E) RIGHTS OF THE GUARANTOR 706
(I) INDEMNITY FROM PRINCIPAL DEBTOR 706
(II) RIGHT TO BE SUBROGATED TO SECURITIES HELD BY CREDITOR 707 (III) NO
RIGHT TO CALL ON CREDITOR TO RESORT FIRST TO SECURITIES 707 (IV) RIGHT
TO CONTRIBUTION FROM CO-GUARANTORS 708
(V) RIGHT TO AVAIL SET-OFFS AND CROSS-CLAIMS OF THE PRINCIPAL DEBTOR 709
(F) THE BANK S DUTY OF DISCLOSURE TO AN INTENDED SURETY 709
(I) DISCLOSURE IN A COMMERCIAL CONTEXT 709
(II) DISCLOSURE IN A NON-COMMERCIAL CONTEXT 712
3 GUARANTEE FORMS 713
(A) PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION 713
(B) RELEVANT STATUTORY PROVISIONS 714
(I) THE UNFAIR CONTRACT TERMS ACT 1977 714
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XXXIV CONTENTS
(II) THE UNFAIR TERMS IN CONSUMER CREDIT CONTRACTS REGULATIONS 1999 714
(III) THE CONSUMER CREDIT ACT 1974 717
(C) COMMON PROVISIONS IN STANDARD FORM GUARANTEES 718
(I) CONSIDERATION 718
(II) ALIMONIES 719
(III) CONTINUING SECURITY 720
(IV) NOTICE OF DETERMINATION 720
(V) RIGHT TO CONTINUE CUSTOMER S ACCOUNT AFTER TERMINATION 721 (VI)
PRESERVATION OF GUARANTOR S LIABILITY 722
(VII) PRINCIPLE DEBTOR CLAUSE 722
(VIII) WRITTEN DEMAND 723
(IX) RIGHT TO TAKE FURTHER SECURITY 723
(X) JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY 724
(XI) REINSTATEMENT 724
(XII) SET-OFFS AND COUNTERCLAIMS 724
(XIII) CHANGE IN PARTIES 725
(XIV) CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE 725
(XV) COSTS AND EXPENSES OF ENFORCEMENT 726
(XVI) INTEREST 726
PART VIII
LETTERS OF CREDIT AND PERFORMANCE BONDS
CHAPTER 34
DEMAND GUARANTEES AND PERFORMANCE BONDS
1 NATURE OF DEMAND GUARANTEES AND PERFORMANCE BONDS 729
(A) DEFINITION 729
(B) CHARACTERISTICS OF DEMAND GUARANTEES 730
2 CONSTRUCTION 730
(A) CONTRACT OF SURETYSHIP V DEMAND GUARANTEE 731
(B) ASSERTION OF BREACH 732
(C) THE DEGREE OF STRICTNESS OF COMPLIANCE 733
3 FRAUDULENT DRAWINGS 733
(A) FRAUD BY THE BENEFICIARY .....734
(B) BANK S KNOWLEDGE OF FRAUD 734
(C) INJUNCTION TO RESTRAIN PAYMENT 735
(D) INJUNCTION TO RESTRAIN PAYMENT ISSUED BY FOREIGN COURT 737 (E)
INJUNCTION TO RESTRAIN DRAWING 737
(F) SANCTIONS ORDERS 738
CHAPTER 35
DOCUMENTARY CREDTS: GENERAL
1 THE ICC UNIFORM CUSTOMS AND PRACTICE 739
IMAGE 25
CONTENTS XXXV
2 THE NATURE OF DOCUMENTARY CREDITS 740
(A) THE INTERCONNECTED CONTRACTS 740
(B) THE RIGHTS OF PARTIES WHERE THE DOCUMENTS ARE DISCREPANT 741 (I)
DISCREPANCY DETECTED BY CONFIRMING BANK 741
(II) DISCREPANCY DETECTED BY ISSUING BANK BUT NOT BY CONFIRMING BANK 742
(III) DISCREPANCY DETECTED BY APPLICANT BUY NOT BY ISSUING BANK 743 3
THE AUTONOMY PRINCIPLE 743
4 TYPES OF CREDIT 743
(A) REVOCABLE VERSUS IRREVOCABLE CREDITS 743
(B) CREDITS AVAILABLE BY SIGHT PAYMENT/DEFERRED PAYMENT/ACCEPTANCE/
NEGOTIATION 743
(I) SIGHT PAYMENT 744
(II) ACCEPTANCE 744
(III) DEFERRED PAYMENT 744
(IV) NEGOTIATION CREDIT 745
(C) REVOLVING CREDITS 746
5 CATEGORIES OF BANK 746
(A) ISSUING BANKS 746
(B) ADVISING BANKS 747
(C) CONFIRMING BANKS 747
(D) NOMINATED BANKS 747
6 THE ISSUE AND AMENDMENT OF CREDITS 748
(A) INSTRUCTION TO ISSUE OR AMEND A CREDIT 748
(I) APPLICANT AND ISSUING BANK 748
(II) ADVISING AND CONFIRMING BANKS 749
(B) THE OPERATIVE INSTRUMENT 750
(C) PRE-ADVICE OF CREDITS 750
(D) IMPLIED DISCLAIMERS 750
(E) AMENDMENT 750
7 BANK-TO-BANK REIMBURSEMENT OBLIGATIONS 751 8 TRANSFER 751
9 ASSIGNMENT 753
CHAPTER 36
DOCUMENTARY CREDITS: COMPLIANCE OF DOCUMENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 755
(A) THE PRINCIPLE OF STRICT COMPLIANCE AT COMMON LAW 755
(B) UCP500 756
(I) GENERAL 756
(II) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BANKING PRACTICE 757
2 TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS 759
(A) MARINE OCEAN BILLS OF LADING (ART 23) 759
(I) SIGNATURE AND AUTHENTICATION 759
(II) LOADING ON BOARD 760
(III) PORT OF LOADING AND PORT OF DISCHARGE 761
(IV) TRANSHIPMENT 761
(B) NON-NEGOTIABLE SEA WAYBILLS (ART 24) 762
IMAGE 26
XXXVI CONTENTS
(C) CHARTER PARTY BILLS OF LADING (ART 25) 762
(D) MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS (ART 26) 762
(E) AIR TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS (ART 27) 763
(F) TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS ISSUED BY FREIGHT FORWARDERS (ART 30) 763 (G)
PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS GENERALLY 763 (I) CARRIAGE
ON DECK 763
(II) SHIPPER S LOAD AND COUNT 764
(III) CONSIGNOR OTHER THAN BENEFICIARY 764
(H) CLEAN TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS 764
(I) FREIGHT CHARGES 765
3 INSURANCE DOCUMENTS 765
(A) EXISTENCE OF COVER 765
(B) INCEPTION DATE 765
(C) CURRENCY OF COVER 765
(D) AMOUNT OF COVER 765
(E) INSURED RISKS 766
(F) THE POSITION AT COMMON LAW 766
4 COMMERCIAL INVOICES 766
(A) FORM 766
(B) AMOUNT 767
(C) DESCRIPTION OF THE GOODS 767
5 ATTESTATION OR CERTIFICATE OF WEIGHT 768
6 THE CONSISTENCY PRINCIPLE 768
7 THE LINKAGE PRINCIPLE 768
8 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS 769
(A) THE BASIC PRINCIPLES 769
(B) DOES ART 20(B) APPLY TO AN APPARENT ORIGINAL? 769
(C) EVENTS LEADING TO THE ICC S POLICY STATEMENT ON 12 JULY 1999 770 (D)
THE POLICY STATEMENT 771
(E) CICVCMB 772
(F) THE REQUIREMENTS OF ART 20(B) 773
(I) WHAT IS COVERED BY REPROGRAPHIC, AUTOMATED OR COMPUTERISED
SYSTEMS ? 773
(II) DIFFERENT PARTS OF A DOCUMENT PRODUCED BY DIFFERENT MEANS 773 (III)
PRODUCED OR APPEARING TO HAVE BEEN PRODUCED 774
(IV) MUST THE MARKING BE ADDED SUBSEQUENTLY? 774
(V) WHAT IS REQUIRED TO MARK A DOCUMENT AS ORIGINAL? 774
(VI) WHO MAY ADD AN ORIGINAL MARKING? 774
9 COPY DOCUMENTS (ART 20(C)) 775
10 MISCELLANEOUS RULES 775
(A) AMBIGUITY AS TO ISSUERS 775
(B) AUTHENTICATION 775
(C) UNSPECIFIED ISSUERS AND CONTENTS 776
(D) ISSUANCE DATE OF DOCUMENTS V CREDIT DATE 776
(E) ALLOWANCES 776
(I) QUANTITATIVE EXPRESSIONS 776
(II) TOLERANCE IN THE QUANTITY OF GOODS 776
(III) TOLERANCE IN THE AMOUNT OF THE DRAWING 777
(F) PARTIAL SHIPMENT AND INSTALMENTS 777
(G) STALE TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS 777
(H) SHIPPING EXPRESSIONS AND TERMINOLOGY 778
IMAGE 27
CONTENTS XXXVII
CHAPTER 37
DOCUMENARY CREDITS: THE PRESENTATION, EXAMINATION AND REJECTION OF
DOCUMENTS
1 EXPIRY DATE AND PLACE FOR PRESENTATION OF DOCUMENTS 779
(A) EXPIRY DATE AND PLACE FOR PRESENTMENT OF DOCUMENTS 779
(B) EXTENSION OF EXPIRY DATE 779
(C) HOURS OF PRESENTATION 780
2 THE DUTY TO EXAMINE WITH REASONABLE CARE 780 (A) REASONABLE CARE 780
(B) DOCUMENTS WHICH ARE NOT STIPULATED 780
(C) CREDIT SPECIFYING STATE OF FACT BUT NO DOCUMENT 781
3 REASONABLE TIME 781
4 DETERMINATION ON THE BASIS OF THE DOCUMENTS ALONE.... 783 5
APPROACHING THE APPLICANT FOR A WAIVER OF DISCREPANCIES 783
6 NOTICE OF REJECTION 784
7 PRECLUSION FROM CLAIMING THAT THE DOCUMENTS ARE DISCREPANT 785
(A) THE PRECLUSION 785
(B) FAILURES BY NOMINATED BANKS 785
(C) DISPOSAL NOTICE MUST BE UNCONDITIONAL 787
(D) FAILURE TO HOLD DOCUMENTS AT THE DISPOSAL OF THE PRESENTER 788 8
REFUND OF REIMBURSEMENT 788
9 PAYMENT UNDER RESERVE 789
10 RE-TENDER OF DOCUMENTS BEFORE THE EXPIRY OF THE CREDIT 790
11 THE FRAUD EXCEPTION 790
12 THE DOCUMENTS AS SECURITY 791
13 DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT 791
INDEX 793
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Hapgood, Mark |
| author_facet | Hapgood, Mark |
| author_role | aut |
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| callnumber-label | KD1715 |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)223392320 (DE-599)BVBBV017249123 |
| dewey-full | 346.41082 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 346 - Private law |
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| dewey-sort | 3346.41082 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | 12. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:15:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0406913439 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Hapgood, Mark Verfasser aut Paget's law of banking Mark Hapgood Law of banking 12. ed. London [u.a.] Butterworths 2003 CXVI, 830 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Banking law Great Britain Bankrecht (DE-588)4004473-7 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Bankrecht (DE-588)4004473-7 s DE-604 Paget, John Sonstige oth SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010398423&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hapgood, Mark Paget's law of banking Banking law Great Britain Bankrecht (DE-588)4004473-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4004473-7 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | Paget's law of banking |
| title_alt | Law of banking |
| title_auth | Paget's law of banking |
| title_exact_search | Paget's law of banking |
| title_full | Paget's law of banking Mark Hapgood |
| title_fullStr | Paget's law of banking Mark Hapgood |
| title_full_unstemmed | Paget's law of banking Mark Hapgood |
| title_short | Paget's law of banking |
| title_sort | paget s law of banking |
| topic | Banking law Great Britain Bankrecht (DE-588)4004473-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Banking law Great Britain Bankrecht Großbritannien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010398423&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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