Phenotypic plasticity from a predator perspective: empirical and theoretical investigations
Phenotypic plasticity is common in predator-prey interactions. Prey use inducible defenses to increase their chances of survival in periods of high predation risk. Predators, in turn, display inducible offenses (trophic polyphenisms) and adjust their phenotypes to the prevailing type of prey. In the...
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| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2003
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| Zusammenfassung: | Phenotypic plasticity is common in predator-prey interactions. Prey use inducible defenses to increase their chances of survival in periods of high predation risk. Predators, in turn, display inducible offenses (trophic polyphenisms) and adjust their phenotypes to the prevailing type of prey. In the past, inducible defenses have received considerably more attention than inducible offenses. Here, I point out three areas where taking a predator perspective can increase our understanding of phenotypic plasticity in predator-prey systems In Part 1, I describe an inducible offense in the predatory ciliate Lembadion bullinum: Mean cell size in a genetically uniform Lembadion population increases with the size of the dominant prey species. This size polyphenism can be explained as the result of a trade-off: Large Lembadion are superior in feeding on large prey, whereas small Lembadion achieve higher division rates when small prey is available. Consequently, inducible predator offenses may evolve as adaptations to environments where important prey characteristics vary over space or time In Part 2, I investigate the interplay of Lembadion's inducible offense with an inducible prey defense. Lembadion releases a kairomone (i.e. an infochemical) that induces defenses in several prey species. For example, in the herbivorous ciliate Euplotes octocarinatus, it triggers the production of protective lateral "wings." I show that Lembadion can reduce the effect of this defense by activating its inducible offense. This is one of the first known examples of reciprocal phenotypic plasticity in a predator-prey system. While the counter-reaction of Lembadion decreases the fitness of the prey, it could not be shown to significantly increase the fitness of Lembadion itself. Nevertheless, I discuss the hypothesis that phenotypic plasticity in both species is a result of (diffuse) coevolution |
| Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource |
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| 520 | 3 | |a Phenotypic plasticity is common in predator-prey interactions. Prey use inducible defenses to increase their chances of survival in periods of high predation risk. Predators, in turn, display inducible offenses (trophic polyphenisms) and adjust their phenotypes to the prevailing type of prey. In the past, inducible defenses have received considerably more attention than inducible offenses. Here, I point out three areas where taking a predator perspective can increase our understanding of phenotypic plasticity in predator-prey systems | |
| 520 | 3 | |a In Part 1, I describe an inducible offense in the predatory ciliate Lembadion bullinum: Mean cell size in a genetically uniform Lembadion population increases with the size of the dominant prey species. This size polyphenism can be explained as the result of a trade-off: Large Lembadion are superior in feeding on large prey, whereas small Lembadion achieve higher division rates when small prey is available. Consequently, inducible predator offenses may evolve as adaptations to environments where important prey characteristics vary over space or time | |
| 520 | 3 | |a In Part 2, I investigate the interplay of Lembadion's inducible offense with an inducible prey defense. Lembadion releases a kairomone (i.e. an infochemical) that induces defenses in several prey species. For example, in the herbivorous ciliate Euplotes octocarinatus, it triggers the production of protective lateral "wings." I show that Lembadion can reduce the effect of this defense by activating its inducible offense. This is one of the first known examples of reciprocal phenotypic plasticity in a predator-prey system. While the counter-reaction of Lembadion decreases the fitness of the prey, it could not be shown to significantly increase the fitness of Lembadion itself. Nevertheless, I discuss the hypothesis that phenotypic plasticity in both species is a result of (diffuse) coevolution | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Coevolution | |
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| spelling | Kopp, Michael 1973- Verfasser (DE-588)12463348X aut Phenotypic plasticity from a predator perspective empirical and theoretical investigations von Michael Kopp 2003 1 Online-Ressource txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier München, Univ., Diss., 2003 Phenotypic plasticity is common in predator-prey interactions. Prey use inducible defenses to increase their chances of survival in periods of high predation risk. Predators, in turn, display inducible offenses (trophic polyphenisms) and adjust their phenotypes to the prevailing type of prey. In the past, inducible defenses have received considerably more attention than inducible offenses. Here, I point out three areas where taking a predator perspective can increase our understanding of phenotypic plasticity in predator-prey systems In Part 1, I describe an inducible offense in the predatory ciliate Lembadion bullinum: Mean cell size in a genetically uniform Lembadion population increases with the size of the dominant prey species. This size polyphenism can be explained as the result of a trade-off: Large Lembadion are superior in feeding on large prey, whereas small Lembadion achieve higher division rates when small prey is available. Consequently, inducible predator offenses may evolve as adaptations to environments where important prey characteristics vary over space or time In Part 2, I investigate the interplay of Lembadion's inducible offense with an inducible prey defense. Lembadion releases a kairomone (i.e. an infochemical) that induces defenses in several prey species. For example, in the herbivorous ciliate Euplotes octocarinatus, it triggers the production of protective lateral "wings." I show that Lembadion can reduce the effect of this defense by activating its inducible offense. This is one of the first known examples of reciprocal phenotypic plasticity in a predator-prey system. While the counter-reaction of Lembadion decreases the fitness of the prey, it could not be shown to significantly increase the fitness of Lembadion itself. Nevertheless, I discuss the hypothesis that phenotypic plasticity in both species is a result of (diffuse) coevolution Coevolution Euplotes octocarinatus Defenses Lembadion bullinum Size Phenotypic plasticity Predation (Biology) Phänotyp (DE-588)4248244-6 gnd rswk-swf Lembadion bullinum (DE-588)4417308-8 gnd rswk-swf Räuber-Beute-Verhältnis (DE-588)4048274-1 gnd rswk-swf Plastizität Physiologie (DE-588)4174847-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Lembadion bullinum (DE-588)4417308-8 s Räuber-Beute-Verhältnis (DE-588)4048274-1 s Phänotyp (DE-588)4248244-6 s Plastizität Physiologie (DE-588)4174847-5 s DE-604 https://nbn-resolving.org/nbn:de:bvb:19-9168 Resolving-System kostenfrei Volltext |
| spellingShingle | Kopp, Michael 1973- Phenotypic plasticity from a predator perspective empirical and theoretical investigations Coevolution Euplotes octocarinatus Defenses Lembadion bullinum Size Phenotypic plasticity Predation (Biology) Phänotyp (DE-588)4248244-6 gnd Lembadion bullinum (DE-588)4417308-8 gnd Räuber-Beute-Verhältnis (DE-588)4048274-1 gnd Plastizität Physiologie (DE-588)4174847-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4248244-6 (DE-588)4417308-8 (DE-588)4048274-1 (DE-588)4174847-5 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Phenotypic plasticity from a predator perspective empirical and theoretical investigations |
| title_auth | Phenotypic plasticity from a predator perspective empirical and theoretical investigations |
| title_exact_search | Phenotypic plasticity from a predator perspective empirical and theoretical investigations |
| title_full | Phenotypic plasticity from a predator perspective empirical and theoretical investigations von Michael Kopp |
| title_fullStr | Phenotypic plasticity from a predator perspective empirical and theoretical investigations von Michael Kopp |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenotypic plasticity from a predator perspective empirical and theoretical investigations von Michael Kopp |
| title_short | Phenotypic plasticity from a predator perspective |
| title_sort | phenotypic plasticity from a predator perspective empirical and theoretical investigations |
| title_sub | empirical and theoretical investigations |
| topic | Coevolution Euplotes octocarinatus Defenses Lembadion bullinum Size Phenotypic plasticity Predation (Biology) Phänotyp (DE-588)4248244-6 gnd Lembadion bullinum (DE-588)4417308-8 gnd Räuber-Beute-Verhältnis (DE-588)4048274-1 gnd Plastizität Physiologie (DE-588)4174847-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Coevolution Euplotes octocarinatus Defenses Lembadion bullinum Size Phenotypic plasticity Predation (Biology) Phänotyp Lembadion bullinum Räuber-Beute-Verhältnis Plastizität Physiologie Hochschulschrift |
| url | https://nbn-resolving.org/nbn:de:bvb:19-9168 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT koppmichael phenotypicplasticityfromapredatorperspectiveempiricalandtheoreticalinvestigations |