Gimson's pronunciation of English:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
Arnold
2001
|
| Ausgabe: | 6. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIX, 339 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0340759720 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Gimson's pronunciation of English |c rev. by Alan Cruttenden |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Pronunciation of English |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804130006513745920 |
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| adam_text | Titel: Gimson s pronunciation of English
Autor: Cruttenden, Alan
Jahr: 2001
Contents List of Phonetic Symbols and Signs xvii Part I Speech and Language 1 Communication 3 1.1 Speech 3 1.2 Writing 3 1.3 Language 4 1.4 Redundancy 5 1.5 Phonetics and Linguistics 5 2 The Production of Speech 8 2.1 The Speech Chain 8 2.2 The Speech Mechanism 8 2.2.1 Sources of Energy: The Lungs 9 2.2.2 The Larynx and Vocal Folds 9 2.2.3 The Resonating Cavities 12 2.2.3.1 The Pharynx 12 2.2.3.2 The Mouth 14 2.3 Articulatory Description 17 3 The Sounds of Speech 18 3.1 Sound Quality 18 3.2 The Acoustic Spectrum 20 3.2.1 Fundamental Frequency: Pitch 22 3.2.2 Intensity: Loudness 23 3.2.3 Duration: Length 24 3.2.4 ‘Stress’ 24 3.3 Hearing 25
x Contents 4 The Description and Classification of Speech Sounds 26 4.1 Phonetic Description 26 4.2 Vowel and Consonant 26 4.3 Consonants 27 4.3.1 Egressive Pulmonic Consonants 28 4.3.2 Voicing 28 4.3.3 Place of Articulation 28 4.3.4 Manner of Articulation 29 4.3.5 Obstruents and Sonorants 30 4.3.6 Fortis and Lenis 30 4.3.7 Classification of Consonants 32 4.3.8 Ingressive Pulmonic Consonants 32 4.3.9 Egressive Glottalic Consonants 32 4.3.10 Ingressive Glottalic Consonants 32 4.3.11 Ingressive Velaric Consonants 33 4.4 Vowels 33 4.4.1 Difficulties of Description 34 4.4.2 Cardinal Vowels 35 4.4.3 Nasality 37 4.4.4 Relatively Pure Vowels vs Gliding Vowels 37 4.4.5 Articulatory Classification of Vowels 38 5 Sounds in Language 40 5.1 Speech Sounds and Linguistic Units 40 5.2 The Linguistic Hierarchy 41 5.3 Phonemes 42 5.3.1 Diversity of Phonemic Solutions 43 5.3.2 Distinctive Features 43 5.3.3 Allophones 44 5.3.4 Neutralization 46 5.3.5 Phonemic Systems 46 5.4 Transcription 48 5.5 Syllables 49 5.5.1 The Sonority Hierarchy 49 5.5.2 Syllable Constituency 50 5.5.3 Syllable Boundaries 51 5.6 Vowel and Consonant 52 5.7 Prosodic Features 53 5.8 Paralinguistic and Extralinguistic Features 53 Part II The Sounds of English 6 The Historical Background 57 6.1 Phonetic Studies in Britain 57 6.1.1 Palsgrave and Salesbury 57 6.1.2 Spelling Reformers: Smith, Hart, Gil 58 6.1.3 Phoneticians: Wallis, Wilkins, Cooper 59 6.1.4 Eighteenth Century: Johnson, Sheridan, Walker, Steele 61
Contents xi 6.1.5 Nineteenth Century: Pitman, Ellis, Bell, Sweet 62 6.2 Sound Change 63 6.2.1 Types of Change 64 6.2.2 Rate and Route of Vowel Change 66 6.2.3 Sound Change and the Linguistic System 67 6.2.4 Sources of Evidence for Reconstruction 68 6.2.5 Classical Old English Sound System 73 6.2.6 Middle English Sound System 73 6.2.7 Early Modern English Sound System 74 6.2.8 Present English Sound System 75 6.2.9 Modifications in the English Sound System 75 7 Standard and Regional Accents 77 7.1 Standards of Pronunciation 77 7.2 The Emergence of a Standard 77 7.3 The Present-day Situation: RP 78 7.4 Current Changes within RP 81 7.4.1 Changes Almost Complete 82 7.4.2 Changes Well-established 82 7.4.3 Recent Innovations 83 7.4.4 Innovations on the Verge of RP 83 7.5 Comparing Systems of Pronunciation 84 7.6 Systems and Standards Other than RP 84 7.6.1 General American 85 7.6.2 Standard Scottish English (SSE) 86 7.6.3 London English 87 7.6.4 Northern English 89 7.6.5 Australian English 90 8 The English Vowels 91 8.1 The Distinctive Vowels 91 8.2 Vowel Glides with a Non-prominent First Element 93 8.3 Glides to [a] 94 8.4 Vowel Length 94 8.4.1 Phonetic Relationships 94 8.4.2 Morphophonemic Alternations 96 8.5 Transcriptions of English Vowels 97 8.6 Acoustics of RP Vowels 99 8.7 Learning of Vowels 103 8.7.1 Acquisition of Vowels by Native Learners 103 8.7.2 Advice to Foreign Learners 103 8.8 Descriptions of the Vowels 104 8.9 (Relatively) Pure Vowels 104 8.9.1 IrJ 104 8.9.2 hi 106 8.9.3 Id 109 8.9.4 Id 110 8.9.5 /a/ 112
xii Contents 8.9.6 /a:/ 114 8.9.7 M 117 8.9.8 h-J 118 8.9.9 Id 121 8.9.10 /ml 122 8.9.11 / 31 / 124 8.9.12 Id 126 8.10 Diphthongal Vowel Glides 129 8.10.1 /ei/ 129 8.10.2 tail 131 8.10.3 / 01 / 133 8.10.4 /ou / 134 8.10.5 /au/ 136 8.11 Diphthongs + [o] 138 8.12 Centring Diphthongs /io,eo,uo/ 141 8.12.1 /io/ 141 8.12.2 /es/ 144 8.12.3 /us/ 145 8.13 Vowels in Syllables without Primary Accent 146 8.14 Frequency of Occurrence of RP Vowels 148 9 The English Consonants 149 9.1 The Distinctive Consonants 149 Class A: Obstruents 150 9.2 Plosives 150 9.2.1 The Phonetic Features of English Plosives 151 9.2.2 Acoustic Features of English Plosives 154 9.2.3 Acquisition of Plosives by Native Learners 156 9.2.4 The Release Stage of English Plosives 157 9.2.5 Bilabial Plosives 160 9.2.6 Alveolar Plosives 162 9.2.7 Velar Plosives 165 9.2.8 Glottal Plosive 168 9.3 Affricates 171 9.3.1 Palato-alveolar Affricates 174 9.4 Fricatives 177 9.4.1 Acoustic Features of English Fricatives 179 9.4.2 Acquisition of Fricatives by Native Learners 180 9.4.3 Labiodental Fricatives 181 9.4.4 Dental Fricatives 183 9.4.5 Alveolar Fricatives 185 9.4.6 Palato-alveolar Fricatives 188 9.4.7 Glottal Fricative 191 9.5 Voiced and Voiceless as Phonological Categories 193 Class B: Sonorants 193 9.6 Nasals 193 9.6.1 Bilabial Nasal 195 9.6.2 Alveolar Nasal 196
Contents xiii 9.6.3 Velar Nasal 198 9.7 Oral Approximants 200 9.7.1 Lateral Approximant 200 9.7.2 Post-alveolar Approximant 205 9.7.3 Palatal and Labial-velar Approximants (or Semi-vowels) 210 9.7.4 Unrounded Palatal Approximant 211 9.7.5 Labial-velar Approximant 213 9.8 Frequency of Occurrence of RP Consonants 216 Part III Words and Connected Speech 10 Words 221 10.1 Accent 222 10.2 Accent and Prominence 222 10.3 Word Accentual Patterns 224 10.3.1 Roots 224 10.3.2 Suffixes 226 10.3.3 Prefixes 228 10.3.4 Secondary Accent 228 10.3.5 Compounds 228 10.4 Word Accentual Instability 231 10.5 Distinctive Word Accentual Patterns 233 10.6 Acquisition of Word Accent by Native Learners 235 10.7 Advice to Foreign Learners 235 10.8 Elision and Epenthesis 235 10.9 Variability in the Phonemic Structure of Words 238 10.10 Phonotactics 239 10.10.1 Word-initial and Word-final Phoneme Sequences 240 10.10.2 Word-medial Syllable Division 244 10.10.3 Inflexional Suffix Formation 245 10.10.4 Acquisition of Phonotactics by Native Learners 247 10.10.5 Advice to Foreign Learners 247 10.11 Consonant Harmony in the Word Structure of Native Learners 247 11 Connected Speech 249 11.1 Accent 249 11.2 Prominence, Accent, and Rhythm 250 11.3 Weak Forms 252 11.4 Acquisition of Rhythm and Weak Forms by Native Learners 254 11.5 Advice to Foreign Learners 255 11.6 Intonation 255 11.6.1 The Forms of Intonation 256 11.6.1.1 Intonational Phrases 256 11.6.1.2 Primary Accents 256 11.6.1.3 Types of Nuclear Tone 257 11.6.1.4 Secondary Accents 261 11.6.1.5 The Pitch of Unaccented Syllables 262
xiv Contents 11.6.2 The Functions of Intonation 264 11.6.2.1 Intonational Phrasing 264 11.6.2.2 Primary Accents and New Information 265 11.6.2.3 The Meanings of Tones 267 11.6.2.4 The Use of Secondary Accents 273 11.6.3 Regional Variation in Intonation 273 11.6.4 Pitch Range 273 11.6.5 Intonation and Punctuation 274 11.6.6 Acquisition of Intonation by Native Learners 275 11.6.7 Advice to Foreign Learners 275 11.7 Hesitations 276 11.8 Voice Quality 277 12 Words in Connected Speech 278 12.1 Citation Forms and Connected Speech 278 12.2 Neutralization of Weak Forms 280 12.3 Variation in the Accentual Pattern of Words 280 12.4 Phonemic and Phonetic Variations at Boundaries 280 12.4.1 Allophonic Variations 281 12.4.2 Phonemic Variations 283 12.4.3 Voiced/Voiceless Variations 283 12.4.4 Nasality and Labialization 284 12.4.5 Variations of Place 285 12.4.6 Elision 286 12.4.7 Liaison 288 12.4.8 Juncture 290 12.5 Frequency of Occurrence of Monosyllabic and Polysyllabic Words 291 12.6 Advice to Foreign Learners 292 12.7 Stylistic Variation 293 13 Teaching the Pronunciation of English 296 13.1 The Place of Pronunciation 296 13.2 Models of Pronunciation 297 13.2.1 Choice of Basic Model 297 13.2.2 A Wider-based RP 297 13.3 Performance Targets 298 13.4 High Priorities 300 13.4.1 Rhythm and Accent 300 13.4.2 Segmental Sounds 300 13.4.3 Sounds in Connected Speech 301 13.4.4 Intonation 301 13.5 RP High Acceptability 302 13.5.1 Vowels 302 13.5.2 Consonants 305 13.5.3 Sounds in Connected Speech 306 13.5.4 Accentuation 307 13.5.5 Intonation 307 13.6 Minimum General Intelligibility 308
Contents xv 13.6.1 Vowels 309 13.6.2 Consonants 310 13.6.3 Intonation 312 13.6.4 Sounds in Connected Speech 313 13.6.5 Minimum General Intelligibility: Conclusion 313 13.7 Teaching Methods 313 13.7.1 Vowels 315 13.7.2 Consonants 315 13.7.3 Accentuation 316 13.7.4 Intonation 316 13.8 Pronouncing Dictionaries 317 13.9 Assessment 318 Bibliography 320 Index 333
|
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| author | Gimson, A. C. 1917-1985 |
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| callnumber-first | P - Language and Literature |
| callnumber-label | PE1135 |
| callnumber-raw | PE1135 |
| callnumber-search | PE1135 |
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| callnumber-subject | PE - English Languages |
| classification_rvk | HF 190 HF 210 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)248431665 (DE-599)BVBBV017138891 |
| dewey-full | 421.58 |
| dewey-hundreds | 400 - Language |
| dewey-ones | 421 - Writing system, phonology, phonetics |
| dewey-raw | 421.58 |
| dewey-search | 421.58 |
| dewey-sort | 3421.58 |
| dewey-tens | 420 - English & Old English (Anglo-Saxon) |
| discipline | Anglistik / Amerikanistik |
| edition | 6. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV017138891 |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T19:14:10Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0340759720 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Gimson, A. C. 1917-1985 Verfasser (DE-588)129573744 aut Gimson's pronunciation of English rev. by Alan Cruttenden Pronunciation of English 6. ed. London Arnold 2001 XIX, 339 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Englisch English language Pronounciation English language Pronounciation by foreign speakers Aussprache (DE-588)4003877-4 gnd rswk-swf Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd rswk-swf Phonetik (DE-588)4045830-1 gnd rswk-swf Englisch - Aussprache 1\p (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 s Aussprache (DE-588)4003877-4 s DE-604 Phonetik (DE-588)4045830-1 s 2\p DE-604 Cruttenden, Alan Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010332469&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Gimson, A. C. 1917-1985 Gimson's pronunciation of English Englisch English language Pronounciation English language Pronounciation by foreign speakers Aussprache (DE-588)4003877-4 gnd Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd Phonetik (DE-588)4045830-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003877-4 (DE-588)4014777-0 (DE-588)4045830-1 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Gimson's pronunciation of English |
| title_alt | Pronunciation of English |
| title_auth | Gimson's pronunciation of English |
| title_exact_search | Gimson's pronunciation of English |
| title_full | Gimson's pronunciation of English rev. by Alan Cruttenden |
| title_fullStr | Gimson's pronunciation of English rev. by Alan Cruttenden |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gimson's pronunciation of English rev. by Alan Cruttenden |
| title_short | Gimson's pronunciation of English |
| title_sort | gimson s pronunciation of english |
| topic | Englisch English language Pronounciation English language Pronounciation by foreign speakers Aussprache (DE-588)4003877-4 gnd Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd Phonetik (DE-588)4045830-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Englisch English language Pronounciation English language Pronounciation by foreign speakers Aussprache Phonetik Englisch - Aussprache Einführung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010332469&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gimsonac gimsonspronunciationofenglish AT cruttendenalan gimsonspronunciationofenglish AT gimsonac pronunciationofenglish AT cruttendenalan pronunciationofenglish |